TO BE LIKED VERSUS TO BE RESPECTED Divergent Goals in Interracial Interactions

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONSKOM 5215

PROFESSOR DR EZHAR TAMAM

ANITA MOHD RAISJM40617

TO BE LIKED VERSUS TO BE RESPECTED

TO BE LIKED VERSUS TO BE RESPECTEDStereotypes and Impression Management Goals

• The study is between the divergent needs of • 1 Whites (Majority)• 2 Black/Latinos/Asians (Minorities)• 3 Study on a phenomenon on a divergent

goals• 4 Stereotyping – whites are

superior/respected• 5 Stereotyping – minorities is not respected

and/or not competent

Impression Management Behaviours:Self promotion versus Ingratiation

They tend to act towards what they wanted, • the black will be doing self promotion • and the whites will use ingratiation to be likedNon Verbal • Whites – uses host of ingratiation behavior– Eg. Mimicking, leaning forward, open body

positions• Minorities – show a very confident posture

Affective Correlates of Divergent Impression Management Goals

• Whites is trying their best to get someone to like them – eg. Humor

• The minorities is trying their best to get respected from the whites

Two different behaviours with different goals- Whites think the black is not friendly- Minorities think the whites is not taking them

seriously

Studies on the phenomenon

• 1a - Respect and Liking goals• 1b - Competence and Morality Goals• 2 - Divergent Goals in Dydic Relations on competent

and Moral• 3a - Whites Impressions on Management Behaviours

(using video) on non verbal of self respect and liking/moral• 3b - Minorities studies on What to Be Respected

not with same race on self respect and liking• 4 - Divergent Goals and Negative Affect in Live

Interracial Interactions on Moral or Liking

Summary of the studies

• In studies 1a and 1b study to choose between being liked and respect , moral or liking along with bipolar continuum

• Study 2 parallel pattern of divergent between whites and minorities in pre existing relationships

• Studies 3a and 3b extend self promotion and ingratiation – whites are more engaged

• In studies 3b there is a divergent results when minorities are among their group and whites among their group

• Study 4 generalizability of impression management goal divergence White is to appear choosing moral than liking

• Black and Latinos prefer competent (Asians are accepted competent)

General Discussion

• Primary aim is to examine the impression management goals activated for whites and racial minorities in interracial interactions

• In conclusion the impression management goals and behavior strategies

- Whites pursuing liking- Black pursuing respect

Divergent Perspectives of Whites and Minorities

• The results shows that there have different perspectives especially during the interaction

• It also shows there are existing prejudice of the whites and they are scared they will not be liked

• The minority is afraid of being the target of prejudice and not competent

Ideological Level

• The whites prefer the minority to assimilates• Whites prefer assimilation versus intergration• Minorities prefer integration compared to

assimilation • The minority prefer to integrate and keep their

culture

The results

• It makes group inequalities• The white discuss on commonalities• The minorities would like also to discuss on

commonalities and power differences• The minorities would like to be respected too• The whites refuse discussing on power differences and

respect• The minorities disappointed and refuse to like the

whites• It is an unmet goals

Implications for Interracial Communication, Cognition and Emotion

• Lead to misunderstanding and negative attitudes towards interaction partners

• Whites tend to perceived minorities as unfavarouble self promotion

• Minorites distrust whites and overtly friendly behaviour

• Nobody trust each other

Limitations

• The study on this phenomenon is yet to be established on the boundary of conditions or mechanisms for divergent impression management goals

Concluding Remarks

• The study not only can arise from group but also individually

• The study goes beyond prejudice but it is highlighting the issues on the whites and the minorities

• Identifying the goals of each group may one day they find it and it can be met

• And maybe the whites can be liked and the minorities earn their respect

The END

• Any questions?