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GRADLE IN 45MIN Schalk Cronjé

Gradle in 45min

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GRADLE IN 45MINSchalk Cronjé

ABOUT ME

Email:

Twitter / Ello : @ysb33r

[email protected]

Gradle plugins authored/contributed to: VFS, Asciidoctor,JRuby family (base, jar, war etc.), GnuMake, Doxygen

GET YOUR DAILY GRADLE DOSE

@DailyGradle

#gradleTip

GRADLEA next generation build-and-deploy

pipeline tool

MOST TRIVIAL JAVA PROJECT

apply plugin: 'java'

Will look for sources under src/main/java

JAVA PROJECT

repositories { jcenter() }

apply plugin : 'java'

dependencies { testCompile 'junit:junit:4.1' }

GRADLE DEPENDENCYMANAGEMENT

Easy to use

Flexible to configure for exceptions

Uses dependencies closure

First word on line is usually name of a configuration.

Configurations are usually supplied by plugins.

Dependencies are downloaded from repositories

Maven coordinates are used as format

GRADLE REPOSITORIES

Specified within a repositories closure

Processed in listed order to look for dependencies

jcenter() preferred open-source repo.

mavenLocal(), mavenCentral(), maven {}

Ivy repositories via ivy {}

Flat-directory repositories via flatDir

GRADLE REPOSITORIES

repositories { jcenter() mavenCentral() maven { url "https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/" } }

repositories { ivy { url 'file://path/to/repo' layout 'pattern', { artifact '[module]/[revision]/[artifact](.[ext])' ivy '[module]/[revision]/ivy.xml' } } }

GRADLE DSLUnderlying language is Groovy

You don’t need to be a Groovy expert to be a Gradle poweruser

Groovy doesn’t need ; in most cases

Groovy does more with less punctuation, making it anideal choice for a DSL

In most cases lines that do not end on an operator isconsidered a completed statement.

GROOVY VS JAVA

In Groovy:

All class members are public by default

No need to create getters/setters for public fields

Both static & dynamic typing supported

def means Object

CALLING METHODSclass Foo { void bar( def a,def b ) {} }

def foo = new Foo()

foo.bar( '123',456 ) foo.bar '123', 456

foo.with { bar '123', 456 }

CALLING METHODS WITH CLOSURESclass Foo { void bar( def a,Closure b ) {} }

def foo = new Foo()

foo.bar( '123',{ println it } )

foo.bar ('123') { println it }

foo.bar '123', { println it }

MAPS IN GROOVY

Hashmaps in Groovy are simple to use

def myMap = [ plugin : 'java' ]

Maps are easy to pass inline to functions

project.apply( plugin : 'java' )

Which in Gradle can become

apply plugin : 'java'

LISTS IN GROOVY

Lists in Groovy are simple too

def myList = [ 'clone', ''http://github.com/ysb33r/GradleLectures' ]

This makes it possible for Gradle to do

args 'clone', 'http://github.com/ysb33r/GradleLectures'

CLOSURE DELEGATION IN GROOVY

When a symbol cannot be resolved within a closure,Groovy will look elsewhere

In Groovy speak this is called a Delegate.

This can be programmatically controlled via theClosure.delegate property.

CLOSURE DELEGATION IN GROOVY

class Foo { def target }

class Bar { Foo foo = new Foo() void doSomething( Closure c ) { c.delegate = foo c() } }

Bar bar = new Bar() bar.doSomething { target = 10 }

MORE CLOSURE MAGIC

If a Groovy class has a method 'call(Closure)`, the object canbe passed a closure directly.

class Foo { def call( Closure c) { /* ... */ } }

Foo foo = new Foo() foo {

println 'Hello, world'

}

// This avoids ugly syntax foo.call({ println 'Hello, world' })

CLOSURE DELEGATION IN GRADLE

In most cases the delegation will be entity the closure ispassed to.

Will also look at the Project and ext objects.

The Closure.delegate property allows plugin writersability to create beautiful DSLs

task runSomething(type : Exec ) { cmdline 'git' }

is roughly the equivalent ofExecTask runSomething = new ExecTask() runSomething.cmdline( 'git' )

GRADLE TASKSCan be based upon a task type

task runSomething ( type : Exec ) {

command 'git'

args 'clone', 'https://bitbucket.com/ysb33r/GradleWorkshop'

}

Can be free-formtask hellowWorld << {

println 'Hello, world'

}

GRADLE TASKS : CONFIGURATION VS

ACTION

Use of << {} adds action to be executed

Tasks supplied by plugin will have default actions

Use of {} configures a task

BUILDSCRIPTThe buildscript closure is special

It tells Gradle what to load into the classpath beforeevaluating the script itself.

It also tells it where to look for those dependencies.

Even though Gradle 2.1 has added a new way of addingexternal plugins, buildscript are much more flexible.

EXTENSIONS

Extensions are global configuration blocks added byplugins.

Example: The jruby-gradle-base plugin will add ajruby block.

apply plugin: 'com.github.jruby-gradle.base'

jruby { defaultVersion = '1.7.11' }

GRADLE COMMAND-LINE

gradle -v gradle -h gradle tasks gradle tasks --info

GRADLE WRAPPERUse wrapper where possible:

Eliminates need to install Gradle in order to build project

Leads to more reproducible builds

gradle wrapper --wrapper-version 2.12

./gradlew tasks

EXECUTING TASKS./gradlew <taskName1> <taskName2> ...

./gradlew build

DEPENDENCIESExamine dependencies involved with various configurations

./gradlew dependencies

SUPPORT FOR OTHER JVMLANGUAGES

GROOVY PROJECT

repositories { jcenter() }

apply plugin : 'groovy'

dependencies { compile 'org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-all:2.4.3'

testCompile ('org.spockframework:spock-core:1.0-groovy-2.4') { exclude module : 'groovy-all' } }

SCALA PROJECT

repositories { jcenter() }

apply plugin : 'scala'

dependencies { compile 'org.scala-lang:scala-library:2.11.8' }

BUILDING KOTLIN

plugins { id "com.zoltu.kotlin" version "1.0.1" }

dependencies { compile "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.0.1-1"

}

RUNNING JRUBYplugins {

id 'com.github.jruby-gradle.base' version '1.2.1'

}

import com.github.jrubygradle.JRubyExec

dependencies {

jrubyExec "rubygems:colorize:0.7.7"

}

task printSomePrettyOutputPlease(type: JRubyExec) {

description "Execute our nice local print-script.rb"

script "${projectDir}/print-script.rb"

}

(Example from JRuby-Gradle project)

OTHER LANGUAGESC++ / C / ASM / Resources (built-in)

Clojure (plugin)

Frege (plugin)

Golang (plugin)

Gosu (plugin)

Mirah (plugin in progress)

SUPPORT FOR OTHERBUILDSYSTEMS

ANT (built-in)

GNU Make

MSBuild / xBuild

Grunt, Gulp

Anything else cra�able via Exec or JavaExec task

BUILDING DOCUMENTATION

Javadoc, Groovydoc, Scaladoc (built-in)

Doxygen (C, C++) (plugin)

Markdown (plugin)

Asciidoctor (plugin)

BUILDING WITH ASCIIDOCTORplugins { id 'org.asciidoctor.convert' version '1.5.2' }

BUILDING WITH ASCIIDOCTORrepositories { jcenter() }

asciidoctor { sources { include 'example.adoc' }

backends 'html5'

}

PUBLISHING

Built-in to Maven, Ivy

Metadata publishing for native projects still lacking

Various plugins for AWS and other cloud storage

Plain old copies to FTP, SFTP etc.

MORE SUPPORT…

Official buildsystem for Android

Docker

Hadoop

TOUR DE FORCE

Build a distributable application packaged as as ZIP

Runnable via shell script or batch file

Contains classes written Java, Groovy & Kotlin source

Test source code with Spock Framework

TOUR DE FORCE

plugins { id 'java' id 'groovy' id 'com.zoltu.kotlin' version '1.0.1' id 'application' }

repositories { jcenter() }

dependencies { compile 'org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-all:2.4.3' compile 'org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.0.1-1' testCompile 'org.spockframework:spock-core:1.0-groovy-2.4' }

version = '1.0' mainClassName = "gradle.workshop.HelloJava"

compileGroovy.dependsOn compileKotlin

ENDGAMEGradle is breaking new ground

Ever improving native support

Continuous performance improvements

Go find some more plugins at https://plugins.gradle.org

ABOUT THIS PRESENTATIONWritten in Asciidoctor

Styled by asciidoctor-revealjs extension

Built using:

Gradle

gradle-asciidoctor-plugin

gradle-vfs-plugin

Code snippets tested as part of build

Source code:https://github.com/ysb33r/GradleLectures/tree/MkJugMar2016

THANK YOU

Email:

Twitter / Ello : @ysb33r

#idiomaticgradle

[email protected]

https://leanpub.com/idiomaticgradle

MIGRATIONS

ANT TO GRADLE

Reflect Ant Build into Gradleant.importBuild('build.xml')

MAVEN TO GRADLE

Go to directory where pom.xml is and typegradle init --type pom

USEFUL STUFF

PUBLISHING VIA VFS

plugins { id "org.ysb33r.vfs" version "1.0-beta3" }

task publishToWebserver << {

vfs { cp "${buildDir}/website", "ftp://${username}:${password}@int.someserver.com/var/www", recursive : true, overwrite : true } }