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2010
681.3.06 32.973.26-018.2 84 . . 84 HTML, JavaScript, PHP MySQL. Web-. 3- ., . . .: -, 2010. 912 .: . + ( CD-ROM) ( )
ISBN 978-5-9775-0540-6
Web- HTML, JavaScript, PHP MySQL. - (CSS) Web-. - PHP, -, Web-. MySQL PHP, - phpMyAdmin. Web- Apache.
3- Apache 2.2.14, PHP 5.3.0 MySQL 5.1.40. Notepad++, Aptana Studio, NetBeans HeidiSQL, Smarty, .
- , , , Perl .
Web-
681.3.06 32.973.26-018.2
:
. . .
02429 24.07.00. 30.01.10.
701001/16. . . . . 73,53. 2500 .
"-", 190005, -, ., 29.
- 77.99.60.953..005770.05.09 26.05.2009 .
.
" ""
199034, -, 9 , 12
ISBN 978-5-9775-0540-6 . ., 2010 , "-", 2010
.......................................................................................................................1
1. HTML. ............................................5
1.1. ..............................................................................................5 1.2. HTML- ...................................................................................9 1.3. ........................................................................................12
1.3.1. HEAD. ...........................13 1.3.2. BODY. ...............................................15
1.4. ...........................................................16 1.4.1. ..................................................................17 1.4.2. ....................................................17 1.4.3. ............................................................18
1.5. ............................................................................19 1.5.1. ........................................................................................20 1.5.2. ..........................................................................................20 1.5.3. ...............................................................................21 1.5.4. ....................................................................................................22 1.5.5. ................................................................................22
1.6. ................................................................................................................23 1.6.1. .............................................................................23 1.6.2. ...............................................................................24 1.6.3. ..................................................................................26
1.7. ..............................................................................................................27 1.7.1. Web- ................................................................27 1.7.2. ..................................................................29
1.8. ......................................................................................................30 1.8.1. ...............................................................................30 1.8.2. ..........................................................................32 1.8.3. .............................................33
1.9. .............................................................................................................34 1.9.1. ....................................................................35 1.9.2. .....................................................................................36 1.9.3. .........................................................................................36 1.9.4. .........................................................................................37
IV
1.10. ............................................................................................................40 1.10.1. Web- .......................40 1.10.2. HTML-, ...........................44 1.10.3. ............................................................45 1.10.4. ...............................................................46 1.10.5. ........................................................................................47 1.10.6. .........................................47 1.10.7. . ....................48
1.11. - ........................................................................................50 1.11.1. - ............................................51 1.11.2. -..................................................................52 1.11.3. ................................................................................................53 1.11.4. -.............................53
1.12. ..............................................................................................................55 1.12.1. ...............................................55 1.12.2. ............................................................57 1.12.3. ..............................................................57 1.12.4. ............................................................59 1.12.5. ...............................................................................................64 1.12.6. ..............................................................67
1.13. . ..........................67 1.14. XHTML 1.0 HTML 4.01 .............................................................69 1.15. HTML- ........................73 1.16. Web- Internet Explorer .....................................74
2. CSS. WEB- .................................................................................................77
2.1. ............................................................................................77 2.2. ......................................................78
2.2.1. ......................................................78 2.2.2. HTML- ........78 2.2.3. .......................................83 2.2.4. .................................................................85
2.3. CSS...............................................................................87 2.4. .................................................................................88
2.4.1. ................................................................................................88 2.4.2. .............................................................................................89 2.4.3. ...........................................................................................89 2.4.4. ...............................................................................................89 2.4.5. ......................................................................................90
V
2.5. ....................................................................................90 2.5.1. ...................................................90 2.5.2. .......................................................................90 2.5.3. ................................................................................91 2.5.4. .............................................91 2.5.5. .....................................................91 2.5.6. .........................................................92 2.5.7. , .........................92 2.5.8. ..................................................................93 2.5.9. .......................................................93
2.6. .............................................................................................................94 2.6.1. .......................................................................................94 2.6.2. ..................................................................................95
2.7. ..................................................................................................................96 2.7.1. ....................................................................................96 2.7.2. ...............................................................................98 2.7.3. ......................................................................................98 2.7.4. ..............................................99
2.8. .....................................................................................................99 2.8.1. ....................................................................................................99 2.8.2. .....................................................................................100 2.8.3. .........................................................100 2.8.4. .................................................................100 2.8.5. ................................................................101 2.8.6. ..............................................101
2.9. ..............................................................................................................102 2.9.1. .................................................................................102 2.9.2. ...............................................102 2.9.3. ...........................................................103
2.10. ...................................................................................................103 2.11. . ......104 2.12. ..............................................................................106
2.12.1. ..............................................................................106 2.12.2. ...............................................................................108 2.12.3. overflow ....................................................................................109 2.12.4. ........................................................................111 2.12.5. ......................................................................113 2.12.6. .............................................115
2.13. ..........................................................117 2.14. CSS- ......................................119
VI
3. JAVASCRIPT. , ..............121
3.1. ..........................................................................................121 3.2. JavaScript ....................................................................121 3.3. JavaScript ..............................................................................124 3.4. ..............................124
3.4.1. OK ........................................................125 3.4.2. OK Cancel.......................................126 3.4.3. OK Cancel.......................................127
3.5. .....................................................................................................127 3.6. . ...............................................................128 3.7. JavaScript......................................................................................130
3.7.1. ....................................................................130 3.7.2. ........................................................................132 3.7.3. ...............................................................................132 3.7.4. ......................................................................133 3.7.5. .......................................................134
3.8. ......................................................................135 3.9. . .................................................................................................138 3.10. .........................................................................................................139 3.11. . ......................................142
3.11.1. .................................................................................142 3.11.2. HTML-.............................144 3.11.3. . ......................................................146 3.11.4. .................................................147
3.12. . ....................................................................................149
3.12.1. ............................................................................149 3.12.2. ifelse. ..............150 3.12.3. ? .............................................153 3.12.4. switch.........................................................................154
3.13. . ....................156 3.13.1. for ...................................................................................................156 3.13.2. while ...............................................................................................158 3.13.3. dowhile .......................................................................................159 3.13.4. continue. ...........160 3.13.5. break. .....................................................160
VII
3.14. ....................................................................................161 3.14.1. .......................................................................161 3.14.2. ...............................................................................162 3.14.3. ..............................................................162 3.14.4. .................................................................................163 3.14.5. Firebug Web- Firefox...........................................164
3.15. JavaScript .....................................................................167 3.15.1. .................................................................................167 3.15.2. Global ...........................................................................................168 3.15.3. Number. ..........................................................170 3.15.4. String. ..............................................................171 3.15.5. Array. .............................173 3.15.6. Math. .....................180 3.15.7. Date. . Web- ..................................................182 3.15.8. Function () .....................................................................186 3.15.9. Arguments. ..........................................................................................................187 3.15.10. RegExp. ..........................................................................................................188
3.16. .........................................................................................................199 3.16.1. .................................................................................199 3.16.2. .......................................................................................199 3.16.3. ..............................................................................200 3.16.4. ................................................................................200 3.16.5. ......................................................................................201 3.16.6. ...............................................................201 3.16.7. .............................................................................203 3.16.8. ...................................................205 3.16.9. .......................................................207 3.16.10. event. . ..................214
3.17. Microsoft Internet Explorer ............................................220 3.17.1. ...............................................................220 3.17.2. window. Web-......................................................................................................221 3.17.3. . , ........................................................227 3.17.4. . ..............................................................231 3.17.5. . Web- .......................................234
VIII
3.17.6. navigator. Web- . Web-........................................................................236 3.17.7. screen. .......................................................................................................241 3.17.8. location. URL- . HTML- ............................................242 3.17.9. history. . ..............................................................................................................247 3.17.10. document. HTML- ............................................................................................248 3.17.11. . ...............................................................255 3.17.12. . URL- . ..........................257 3.17.13. style. JavaScript.............................................................................................................265 3.17.14. selection. ........268 3.17.15. TextRange. . ...........272 3.17.16. . ...................................................................................................282 3.17.17. " " " ".....................................................................284 3.17.18. . cookies. cookies ..............................................................................................................285
3.18. ........................................................................289 3.18.1. ............................................................................290 3.18.2. Forms. ..................291 3.18.3. ......................................................................291 3.18.4. .........................................................................292 3.18.5. .......................................................................292 3.18.6. . E-mail . ....................292 3.18.7. . ..............................................................295 3.18.8. . . ............................298
IX
3.18.9. . ...............303 3.18.10. . . . .......................................................................................306 3.18.11. . .......................................................................................................309
3.19. ..........................................................................314 3.19.1. .................................................................................314 3.19.2. ..............................................................................................318 3.19.3. ................................................................................321
3.20. JavaScript-...................................................................................323
4. WEB-. WINDOWS ......................325
4.1. ..............................................................................325 4.2. Apache .............................................................................326 4.3. Apache............................................................333 4.4. httpd.conf ......................................................................334
4.4.1. ...................................................................................334 4.4.2. .................................................................335 4.4.3. . , http://localhost/~nik/ ....................................................337 4.4.4. .....................................339 4.4.5. ...............................340 4.4.6. .................................................................341 4.4.7. ..................................................................341 4.4.8. ...................................................................................342 4.4.9. MIME- ..........................................................................343 4.4.10. ..........................................................345 4.4.11. ..............................................................348 4.4.12. .htaccess. Apache ...............................................................................................350 4.4.13. ...................................................351 4.4.14. ............................................................................355 4.4.15. , ........................356 4.4.16. ..........................................................357
4.5. Apache .............................................................................360 4.6. PHP ................................................................................................362 4.7. MySQL...........................................................................................370
X
4.8. phpMyAdmin .................................................................................379 4.9. ...................................................................................385
4.9.1. ...................................................................................385 4.9.2. ....................................................................393 4.9.3. ................................................................393 4.9.4. ......................................................395
4.10. PHP Expert Editor ..................................................395 4.11. Aptana Studio .........................................................401 4.12. NetBeans.................................................................412 4.13. HeidiSQL....................................................................................418
5. PHP. WEB- ............421
5.1. ..........................................................................................421 5.2. PHP .............................................................................421 5.3. PHP- .....................................................................425 5.4. PHP-.....................................................................426 5.5. ..............................................................427 5.6. .....................................................................................................429 5.7. ...............................................429 5.8. ..........................................................431 5.9. ....................................................................................432 5.10. . ......................................433 5.11. PHP.............................................................................................434
5.11.1. ..................................................................435 5.11.2. ......................................................................436 5.11.3. .............................................................................436 5.11.4. . . .........................................................437 5.11.5. .....................................................440
5.12. ....................................................................441 5.13. .................................................................................443 5.14. .........................................................................................................444
5.14.1. ........................................................................444 5.14.2. . ..................................................444 5.14.3. ..........................................................................445 5.14.4. .......................................................................445 5.14.5. ..................................................................................447 5.14.6. ..................................................................447 5.14.7. ........................................451
XI
5.14.8. ......................................452 5.14.9. . ........453 5.14.10. ....................................................................455 5.14.11. ..............................................456 5.14.12. ............................................456 5.14.13. ..............................................................457 5.14.14. ......................................................458 5.14.15. ..............................................459
5.15. ............................................................................................................460 5.15.1. ........................................................460 5.15.2. ...................................................................................465 5.15.3. .......................................................466 5.15.4. ........................................................................466 5.15.5. ..............................................................467 5.15.6. ................................................................................468 5.15.7. ...................................................................469 5.15.8. . . ....................470 5.15.9. Perl- ..........................................478 5.15.10. UTF-8.....................487 5.15.11. .........................................................496
5.16. ...................................................................497 5.17. . , ..............................................................................499 5.18. . ......................................503
5.18.1. .................................................................................503 5.18.2. ........................................................505 5.18.3. require include. . .....................506 5.18.4. require_once include_once...............................................509 5.18.5. . .........................................................510 5.18.6. . . .........510 5.18.7. ......................................................................514 5.18.8. . ................................................................................................515
5.19. . ....................................................................................516
5.19.1. ............................................................................516 5.19.2. ifelse. .............................................................................................................518
XII
5.19.3. ? .............................................520 5.19.4. switch. switch ifelse .....................................................................................................522
5.20. . ....................524 5.20.1. for ...................................................................................................524 5.20.2. while ...............................................................................................526 5.20.3. dowhile .......................................................................................526 5.20.4. foreach ...........................................................................................527 5.20.5. continue. ...........528 5.20.6. break. .....................................................529
5.21. . .................................................................................................529 5.22. ....................................................................................531
5.22.1. .......................................................................531 5.22.2. ...............................................................................532 5.22.3. ..............................................................532 5.22.4. .................................................................................532 5.22.5. or die() ................................................................................534
5.23. ...............................................................................534 5.23.1. $GLOBALS ................................................................................535 5.23.2. .....................................538
5.24. HTTP............................................................................................539 5.24.1. ..............................................................................542 5.24.2. . URL-. . . , ............................544 5.24.3. cookies. .....548
5.25. ...................................................................549 5.25.1. .................................................................................549 5.25.2. . , , ................................................................550 5.25.3. ..................................................................554 5.25.4. , E-mail- .............................................................555 5.25.5. CSV-. CSV- HTML- ................................................................................................560 5.25.6. UNIX...................................562 5.25.7. ............................................564 5.25.8. ....................................................................566 5.25.9. . ..............................568 5.25.10. ........................................572
XIII
5.26. . E-mail- ..................................................................................................................583 5.27. PHP. .............587 5.28. .........................................................................................592
5.28.1. GD.................................592 5.28.2. ............................................593 5.28.3. ......................................................597 5.28.4. .............................................................599 5.28.5. ......................................................................................600 5.28.6. ......................................................................602 5.28.7. . ..............604 5.28.8. .............................609
5.29. ............................................................................612 5.29.1. , ...........................612 5.29.2. ...............................................613 5.29.3. ......................................................613 5.29.4. ....................................................................................................615 5.29.5. - ........................................................................616 5.29.6. Submit.........................................................................................616 5.29.7. . .......................................................................................................617
5.30. ...........................................................................622 5.30.1. ..............................................623 5.30.2. ........................................623 5.30.3. .........................................623 5.30.4. ...............................................................................624 5.30.5. .......625 5.30.6. , ....................................627
5.31. - .......................................627 5.31.1. .....................................................................................628 5.31.2. .....................................................................629 5.31.3. .........................................................................................631 5.31.4. ...........................................................633 5.31.5. ....................................................634 5.31.6. .........................................................634 5.31.7. .....................................637
5.32. Smarty...................................................................................639 5.32.1. ..........................................................................639 5.32.2. ..................................................................643 5.32.3. .................................................................649 5.32.4. ...........................................................................654
XIV
6. MYSQL. ..............................661
6.1. ..........................................................................................661 6.2. ...........................................................................661 6.3. ........................................................................................665
6.3.1. .........................................................................................666 6.3.2. .......................................................................................666 6.3.3. .............................................................................................667
6.4. SQL..........................................................................................668 6.4.1. ............................................................................668 6.4.2. .....................................................669 6.4.3. ....................................................................................671 6.4.4. ......................................................................674 6.4.5. ................................................................................677 6.4.6. ................................................................678 6.4.7. ...................................................................679 6.4.8. ..........................................................................................680 6.4.9. ....................................................682 6.4.10. . ........................................687 6.4.11. ........................................................692
6.5. PHP php_mysql.dll .......693 6.5.1. .............................................................................693 6.5.2. .................................................................................694 6.5.3. .......................................................694 6.5.4. ................................................................695
6.6. PHP php_mysqli.dll......702 6.6.1. .............................................................................702 6.6.2. .................................................................................704 6.6.3. .......................................................704 6.6.4. ................................................................706
6.7. MySQL .........................................................................................714 6.7.1. ....................................................................715 6.7.2. ...............................................................................717 6.7.3. ..............................................................................717 6.7.4. .......................................................719 6.7.5. ...............................................................720
6.8. ..........................................................................................721 6.9. ..................................................725 6.10. ..................................................................729
6.10.1. FULLTEXT...............................................................729 6.10.2. ....................................................731
XV
6.10.3. ...................................................................732 6.10.4. ..............................................................733
6.11. MySQL...........................................................................................733 6.11.1. ............................................................733 6.11.2. ......................................................................738 6.11.3. ..............................................................750 6.11.4. ..........................................................757 6.11.5. ...................................................................758 6.11.6. .....................................................................................760
6.12. SQL ..........................................................................................764 6.13. .....................................................................................765 6.14. .....................................................................................767
6.14.1. ......................768 6.14.2. WHERE .................770
6.15. .............................................................................................772
7. . ..........775
7.1. ...........................................................................................775 7.2. ................................................................................776 7.3. .................................................................................................779 7.4. Narod.ru ........................................................................780
7.4.1. .......................................................781 7.4.2. " "....................................................782 7.4.3. ...................................................................784 7.4.4. , ..................................786
7.5. .....................................................................791 7.5.1. ..........................................................................791 7.5.2. .......................................................792 7.5.3. .............................................................793 7.5.4. ..............796 7.5.5. Web- Apache .htaccess ..............804 7.5.6. favicon.ico........................................................................................806 7.5.7. Web- Apache............807 7.5.8. .....................................809 7.5.9. MySQL...............................................................812 7.5.10. phpMyAdmin.........................813 7.5.11. .........................................................................817 7.5.12. ....................................818 7.5.13. .........................820
XVI
7.6. ...............................................................................................823 7.6.1. ...............................................823 7.6.2. robots.txt ..........................................................................................824 7.6.3. ....................................................825 7.6.4. ........................................................827 7.6.5. Web-........................................................827
7.7. ..............................................................................................828 7.7.1. .........................................................................828 7.7.2. ........................................................................................830 7.7.3. ................................................................................831
7.8. .............................................................................832
. - .....................................................835
.1. ...................................................................................................835 .1.1. HTML .......................................................................................................836 .1.2. ........................................................................844 .1.3. Flash ..........................................................................................................851 .1.4. PHP MySQL..........................................................................................859 .1.5. ................................................................................................862
....................................................................................869
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28
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href. URL- Web-, .
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31
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32
Web-. target _blank:
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36
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48
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50
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53
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54
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56
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1
60
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1
66
select { /* */
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70
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1.24. Web- Internet Explorer
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75
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7
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2
78
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CSS. Web-
79
2.1.
.text1 { font-size: 12pt; color: red; font-family: "Arial" }
font { font-size: 12pt; color: green; font-family: "Arial" }
font.text2 { font-size: 12pt; color: blue; font-family: "Arial" }
1
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2
2
80
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CSS. Web-
81
, :
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, :
1
2
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1
2
82
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, href ".html"; [*=''] , - : a[href*="link"] { color: red }
, href "link".
: :first-letter . : p:first-letter { font-size: 150%; font-weight: bold;
color: red }
CSS. Web-
83
:first-line . : p:first-line { font-weight: bold; color: red }
:before :after . content: p:before { content: "before "; }
p:after { content: " after"; }
...
: before after
Web- Internet Explorer :before :after 8.0.
2.2.3. . css , , . , html. style.css ( 2.2) - test.html ( 2.3).
2.2. style.css
/* */
.text1 { /* class="text1" */
font-size: 12pt; /* */
color: red; /* */
font-family: Arial /* */
}
font { /* FONT */
font-size: 12pt; /* */
2
84
color: green; /* */
font-family: Arial /* */
}
font.text2 { /* FONT c class="text2" */
font-size: 12pt; /* */
color: blue; /* */
font-family: Arial /* */
}
2.3. test.html
1
2
3
4
5
test.html Web-. , . HTML- - . href URL- , rel - stylesheet, , - :
CSS. Web-
85
CSS- @import: @import url()[ ];
@import [ ];
@import: :
@import url("style.css");
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2.2.4. , color style , , ( 2.4) . , color ( 2.5).
2.4. style.css
p { color: red }
2.5. test.html
2
86
p { color: blue }
1
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CSS. Web-
87
, . !important . style.css ( 2.4) : p { color: red !important }
"2" , . "1" - , color , .
2.3. CSS CSS .
:
(px);
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:
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blue, green . .: p { color: red }
#[R][G][B], R , G - B . - 0 F: p { color: #F00 }
2
88
#[RR][GG][BB], RR , GG BB . 00 FF: p { color: #FF0000 }
rgb([R], [G], [B]), R, G B -, , 0 255: p { color: rgb(255, 0, 0) }
rgb([R%], [G%], [B%]), R%, G% B% , , : p { color: rgb(100%, 0%, 0%) }
.
2.4.
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2.4.1.
font-family : p { font-family: "Arial" }
. - . : p { font-family: "Verdana", "Tahoma" }
serif, sans-serif, cursive, fantasy monospace: p { font-family: "Verdana", "Tahoma", sans-serif }
CSS. Web-
89
2.4.2.
font-style . :
normal : p { font-family: "Arial"; font-style: normal }
italic : p { font-family: "Arial"; font-style: italic }
oblique : p { font-family: "Arial"; font-style: oblique }
2.4.3.
font-size : .text1 { font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Arial" }
xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large xx-large: .text1 { font-size: large; font-family: "Arial" }
, (, ) larger smaller: .text1 { font-size: 150%; font-family: "Arial" }
.text2 { font-size: smaller; font-family: "Arial" }
2.4.4.
color : .text1 { font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Arial"; color: red }
.text2 { font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Arial"; color: #00FF00 }
.text3 { font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Arial"; color: rgb(255, 0, 0) }
2
90
2.4.5. font-weight . - : 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 100 , 900 : p { font-family: "Arial"; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700 }
normal . 400: p { font-family: "Arial"; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal }
bold . 700: p { font-family: "Arial"; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold }
2.5. , , -, , , - .
2.5.1. letter-spacing . - : normal : p { letter-spacing: normal; font-style: italic;
font-weight: normal }
CSS : p { font-size: 12pt; color: red; letter-spacing: 5mm }
2.5.2. word-spacing . - : normal : p { word-spacing: normal; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal }
CSS. Web-
91
CSS : p { font-size: 12pt; color: red; word-spacing: 5mm }
2.5.3. text-indent " ". : p { text-indent: 10mm; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal }
2.5.4. line-height - . : normal : p { line-height: normal; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal }
CSS -: p { font-size: 12pt; color: red; font-family: "Arial";
line-height: 5mm }
2.5.5. text-align . - : center :
left :
right :
2
92
justify ( ):
2.5.6. vertical-align - -, , . : baseline : td { font-size: 12pt; color: red; vertical-align: baseline }
middle : td { font-size: 12pt; color: red; vertical-align: middle }
top : td { font-size: 12pt; color: red; vertical-align: top }
bottom : td { font-size: 12pt; color: red; vertical-align: bottom }
2.5.7. , text-decoration , - . : none ( ):
underline :
overline :
line-through :
blink :
CSS. Web-
93
Web- Internet Explorer blink.
2.5.8. text-transform . : capitalize ; uppercase ; lowercase ; none .
:
2
3
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2
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2.5.9. white-space . Web- . : normal :
1
2
Web-: 1 2
2
94
pre :
1
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Web-: 1
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2.6. Web- Web- . , . . - Web-, , Web-.
2.6.1. margin-left, margin-right, margin-top margin-bottom Web- . . , .
CSS. Web-
95
:
margin-left : body { margin-left: 0 }
margin-right : body { margin-right: 5% }
margin-top : body { margin-top: 15mm }
margin-bottom : body { margin-bottom: 20px }
:
: body { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 }
margin : margin:
: body { margin: 15mm 5% 20px 0 }
: body { margin: 0 }
2.6.2. padding-left, padding-right, padding-top padding-bottom Web- ( ). , . :
padding-left : td { padding-left: 0 }
padding-right : td { padding-right: 50px }
2
96
padding-top : td { padding-top: 15mm }
padding-bottom : td { padding-bottom: 20px }
padding : padding:
: td { padding: 15mm 50px 20px 0 }
: td { padding: 5px }
2.7. , Web- Web- . - . , , Web-, , .
2.7.1. border-left-style ( ), border-right-style ( ), border-top-style ( ) border-bottom-style ( ) . - :
none ;
solid ;
dotted ;
dashed ;
double ;
groove ;
ridge ;
CSS. Web-
97
inset , ; outset , .
Web- ( 2.6).
2.6.
table { border-left-style: dashed; border-right-style: dotted;
border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: groove }
td { border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;
border-top-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; text-align: center }
caption { border-top-style: solid }
p { border-left-style: dotted; border-right-style: dotted;
border-top-style: dotted; border-bottom-style: dotted }
1
2
3
4
2
98
, , , . border-style: border-style:
, .
2.7.2. border-left-width ( ), border-right-width ( ), border-top-width ( ) border-bottom-width ( ) . - : table { border-left-width: 5px; border-right-width: 5px;
border-top-width: 0; border-bottom-width: 10px }
: thin ; medium ; thick .
table { border-left-width: medium; border-right-width: medium;
border-top-width: thin; border-bottom-width: thick }
border-width: border-width:
, .
2.7.3. border-left-color ( ), border-right-color ( ), border-top-color ( ) border-bottom-color ( ) : table { border-left-color: red; border-right-color: #000080;
border-top-color: green; border-bottom-color: black }
CSS. Web-
99
border-style border-width, - border-color.
2.7.4.
, - border: border:
, - , : td { border: red thin solid }
2.8. . , - Web-. , , - , . -, , , , 12 , , , .
2.8.1.
background-color : body { background-color: green }
td { background-color: silver }
transparent. , : td { background-color: transparent }
2
100
2.8.2. background-image URL- -, . URL- ( - , ): body { background-image: url(foto1.gif) }
none. , : body { background-image: none }
2.8.3. background-repeat . :
repeat , ( ): body { background-image: url(foto1.gif); background-repeat: repeat }
repeat-x : body { background-image: url(foto1.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x }
repeat-y : body { background-image: url(foto1.gif); background-repeat: repeat-y }
no-repeat : body { background-image: url(foto1.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat }
2.8.4. background-attachment , . -:
scroll - ( ): body { background-image: url(foto1.gif);
background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll }
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fixed : body { background-image: url(foto1.gif);
background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed }
2.8.5. background-position -. - . : body { background-image: url(foto1.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed; background-position: 50% 50% }
, : left ; right ; center ; top ; bottom .
: body { background-image: url(foto1.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed; background-position: left center }
2.8.6. background background-color, background-image, back-ground-position, background-repeat background-attachment. : body { background: green url(foto1.gif) no-repeat fixed left center }
body { background: green }
, -. , -. , , , - .
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2.9. , . , - .
2.9.1. list-style-type . : disc : ul { list-style-type: disc }
circle : ul { list-style-type: circle }
square : ul { list-style-type: square }
decimal : ol { list-style-type: decimal }
lower-roman : ol { list-style-type: lower-roman }
upper-roman : ol { list-style-type: upper-roman }
lower-alpha : ol { list-style-type: lower-alpha }
upper-alpha : ol { list-style-type: upper-alpha }
none : ol { list-style-type: none }
2.9.2. list-style-image URL- , .
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, HTML-: ol { list-style-image: url(foto1.gif) }
2.9.3. list-style-position - . : outside . : ol { list-style-position: outside }
inside . : ol { list-style-position: inside }
2.10. cursor -. : auto Web- : p { cursor: auto }
crosshair : p { cursor: crosshair }
default ( ): p { cursor: default }
pointer : p { cursor: pointer }
move , : p { cursor: move }
n-resize, ne-resize, nw-resize, s-resize, se-resize, sw-resize, e-resize, w-resize , : p { cursor: n-resize }
text : p { cursor: text }
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wait : p { cursor: wait }
progress : p { cursor: progress }
help : p { cursor: help }
2.11. . Web- - . - : a:link ; a:visited ; a:active ; a:hover , .
! .
link, vlink alink :
a:link { color: #000000 }
a:visited { color: #000080 }
a:active { color: #FF0000 }
, , : a:link { color: red; text-decoration: underline }
a:visited { color: blue; text-decoration: underline }
a:active { color: green; text-decoration: none }
a:hover { color: lime; text-decoration: none }
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, -, : a.link1:link { color: black; text-decoration: none }
a.link1:visited { color: blue; text-decoration: none }
a.link1:active { color: red; text-decoration: underline }
a.link1:hover { color: red; text-decoration: underline }
2.7 - , .
2.7.
a:link { color: red; text-decoration: underline }
a:visited { color: blue; text-decoration: underline }
a:active { color: green; text-decoration: none }
a:hover { color: lime; text-decoration: none }
a.link1:link { color: black; text-decoration: none }
a.link1:visited { color: blue; text-decoration: none }
a.link1:active { color: red; text-decoration: underline }
a.link1:hover { color: red; text-decoration: underline }
1
2
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2.12. , Web- Web- . -, , . . , - W3C. : = margin-left + border-left-width + padding-left +
width + padding-right + border-right-width +
margin-right
= margin-top + border-top-width + padding-top + height +
padding-bottom + border-bottom-width + margin-bottom
, Web- Internet Explorer (Quirks Mode). padding border - width height, , -: = margin-left + width + margin-right
= margin-top + height + margin-bottom
Web- - Web-.
- W3C http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/box.html http://www.quirksmode.org/css/box.html.
2.12.1. display . : block . block
; inline - . inline , .;
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inline-block inline, , . ;
none .
display - 2.8.
2.8. display
display
div div { border: 2px solid #333 }
label { display: inline-block; width: 100px }
display = inline
display = inline
display = inline-block
display = block
:
:
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2.12.2. width height : div { width: 100px; height: 100px }
min-width min-height - : div { min-width: 100px; min-height: 100px }
Web- Internet Explorer min-width min-height 7.0.
max-width max-height : div { max-width: 100px; max-height: 100px }
Web- Internet Explorer max-width max-height 7.0.
, -, . , - overflow.
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2.12.3. overflow overflow , . :
visible , - ( ). , , - ;
hidden , , ;
scroll ;
auto , . , .
overflow - 2.9.
2.9. overflow
overflow
body { font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial; color: black }
.div1 div { width: 100px; height: 100px }
.div1 div, .div2 div {
background-color: silver;
border: black 2px solid;
margin-bottom: 10px
}
.div2 { height: 600px }
span { font-weight: bold }
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overflow = hidden
, ,
overflow = scroll
overflow = scroll.
overflow = auto
overflow = auto
overflow = auto
overflow = auto. ,
overflow = visible.
overflow = visible. ,
overflow = visible.
overflow = visible. ,
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2.12.4. float , . :
left , - ;
right , - ;
none .
clear . - :
both ;
left ;
right ;
none , - both, left right.
float clear Web- . ( 2.10).
2.10. float
float
* { margin: 0; padding: 0 } /* */
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body { font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 14px }
.header { background-color: silver; padding: 10px; height: 50px;
text-align: center; line-height: 50px; }
.menu { float: left; border: 1px solid black; width: 150px;
padding: 5px; margin: 10px; min-height: 200px }
.text { border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px;
margin: 10px 10px 10px 185px; min-height: 500px }
.footer { background-color: silver; paddin