1. Son gi Minh-Thin Trn-Hu-Danh & hin ni Diu-Xun Nguyn-th Bch-Mai

2. CUC I C PHT THCH CA MU NI Ngun d liu: Trang nh Qung c - http://quangduc.com/ nh dng ebook bi namo84000 - http://namo84000.com Mi sai st xin c sm hi Nu c cht cng c no, xin hi hng cho tt c nhng ai c duyn vi namo84000 v Thanh Tnh Lu Ly, cu cho h c thn tm an lc, tt c bnh hon kh no u tiu tr, ai cha bit Pht Php s bit, ai cha tin s tin, ai tin ri tin su hn, tm B kin c, tu tp tinh tn sm thot khi sinh-t lun hi

3. CUC I C PHT THCH CA MU NI MC LC Li m u Phn I - Tin thn c Pht Thch-Ca Mu-Ni 1- B-tt Sumedha (Thin-Hu) 2- B-tt Vessantara (H-Minh) Phn II - c Pht n sanh 1- Lai lch h Gotama v b-tc Sakya 2- Lc mi sanh (nm -624) 3- Sau khi sanh Phn III - Thi gian lm thi-t 1- Thi th u Thi t Siddhattha d l h in Thi t Siddhattha hc vn Thi t Siddhattha hc v Thi t Siddhattha cu chim thin nga 2- Tui trng-thnh Thi t Siddhattha lp gia nh Thi t Siddhattha nh i nguyn Thi t Siddhattha do chi bn ca thnh Thi t Siddhattha xin php xut gia Phn IV - Thi gian xut gia hc o 1- Ra i (nm -595)

4. 2- V o-s th nht: Alara-Kalama 3- V o-s th nh: Uddaka-Ramaputta 4- Su nm tu kh-hnh ti Uruvela Phn V - c Pht thnh o 1- Chn li tu trung-o 2- m thnh o (nm -589) 3- Tun-l u tin sau khi thnh o 4- Tun-l th hai sau khi thnh o 5- Tun-l th ba sau khi thnh o 6- Tun-l th t sau khi thnh o 7- Tun-l th nm sau khi thnh o 8- Tun-l th su sau khi thnh o 9- Tun-l th by sau khi thnh o 10- Hai thin-tn u tin Phn VI - Bi php u tin 1- Ln ng i Lc-Uyn 2- ng Kondanna v 4 ngi bn xut gia 3- c Pht thuyt kinh Chuyn Php Lun (nm -589) 4- c Pht thuyt kinh V Ng Tng 5- ng Yasa v 4 ngi bn xut gia Phn VII - T h th nht n h th 1- H th nht ti Lc-Uyn (nm -589) Nm mi ngi bn khc ca ng Yasa xin xut gia

5. Pht trao s mnh hong php cho cc v t-kheo ng Punna Mantaniputta v 29 ngi bn xut gia ng Uruvela Kassapa, 2 ngi em, v 1000 t xut gia c Pht ni Kinh La (Aditta-Pariyaya): 2- H th 2 ti Venuvana (nm -588) Pht vua Bimbisara Pht ging nm gii ca ngi c s Pht k chuyn cy bng s Vua Bimbisara cng dng ng uyn Venuvana (Trc Lm) Hai ng Sariputta, Moggallana v 155 ngi bn xut gia Pht thnh lp tinh-x u tin Venuvana Kaludayin thnh Pht v thm vua Suddhodana Pht ng Dighanakha D lun chng i Pht ti Rajagriha Dn chng Vesali cu Pht n tr bnh dch t Ambapali v Jivaka gp Pht Pht v Kapilavastu, ng ti vn Nigrodha Nanda xut gia Rahula xut gia Pht thuyt php ln th ba trong hong cung Kapilavastu Pht n thnh-ph Anupiya thuc x Malla 3 - H th 3 ti Venuvana (nm -587) Em b cng bnh bng t vo bt Pht

6. Ngoi o o hm la hi Pht Maha Kassapa (Ma-ha Ca-Dip) xut gia Bhaddiya ng o Pht ng Sudatta Anathapindika (Cp-c-c) Sudatta v Sariputta i Sravasti Sudatta mua vn ca thi-t Jeta Pht th trai ti vn xoi ca b Ambapali ti Vesali Pht th trai ti cung in cc Vng-t Licchavi Sariputta rc Pht i Sravasti 4 - H th 4 ti Jetavana (nm -586) Pht dy c by hng v trn th gian Pht dy c thng l c kh Pht vua Pasenadi H th 4 c trn 150 thanh-nin xut gia Pht cho ngi gnh phn tn Sunita xut gia Vua Pasenadi v t-kheo Sunita Pht a t-kheo Nanda ln cung tri ao-Li 5 - H th 5 ti Mahavana, thuc Vesali (nm -585) Tranh chp gia hai nc Sakya v Koliya Vua Suddhodana bng-h (nm -585) Hong-hu Pajapati Gotami xin xut gia Hong-hu Pajapati cng 500 nng-t xut gia ti Vesali Cuc i au kh ca ni-s Uppalavanna

7. Phn VIII - T h th 6 n h th 20 1- H th 6 ti Jetavana (nm -584) Pht b Khema Rajagriha i c Pindola Bharadvaja biu din thn thng c Pht biu din i thn thng ti Sravasti 2- H th 7 ti lng Samkassa (nm -583) c Pht thuyt php ti cung tri ao-Li Pho tng Pht u tin Lm sao tr thnh Sakka, vua Tri ao-Li? 3- H th 8 ti rng Bhesakala (nm -582) Ngoi o dng c Cinca vu co Pht Chuyn ng b Nakula gi Pht bng con 4- H th 9 ti tinh-x Ghosita, Kosambi (nm -581) B Magandiya, th hu vua Udayana, ph bng Pht Nm l simsapa v t-kheo Malunkyaputta Tranh chp gia mt v kinh-s v mt v lut-s i-c Bhagu gp Pht ti thnh-ph Balaka i-c Anuruddha gp Pht ti cng vin ng-Trc 5- H th 10 trong rng Rakkhita (nm -580) Pht an-c mt mnh trong rng Rakkhita Pht dy x s ng chnh php Tht Dit Trnh Php (Saptadhikarana-samatha) Pht b Janapada-Kalyani

8. 6- H th 11 ti Ekanala, gn Rajagriha (nm -579) Ch b chn tru Svastica xut gia Gii lut c t lc no? Pht ging kinh Chn Tru Pht dy sa-di Rahula tr gii i tu cng l lao ng v sn xut Pht dy Rahula gi chnh nim trong lc i kht thc Pht dy Rahula tu hnh ca t i Pht dy Rahula tu hnh T Bi H X Pht dy Rahula qun v thng Pht dy Rahula qun hi th 7- H th 12 ti Veranja, x Kosala (nm -578) Nn i ti Veranja Nn ban hnh gii lut lc no? 8- H th 13 ti thnh ph Calika, x Koliya (nm -577) Pht dy Meghiya cch tp sng mt mnh ni thanh vng 9- H th 14 ti Jetavana (nm -576) N c-s Visakha cng dng tinh x Pubbarama (ng Vin) Pht thuyt kinh Ngi Bit Sng Mt Mnh (Bhaddekaratta) Pht dy vua Pasenadi cch cng dng ti t gia Pht dy m tr nghch cua v lng t-bi 10- H th 15 ti vn Nigrodha, Kapilavastu (nm -575) Vua Suppabuddha b t nut

9. Rahula ng 20 tui, th C-tc-gii Pht dy Rahula qun 18 gii phn bit Pht dy Rahula qun 5 un tr ng chp Rahula c cng dng tinh x ring 11- H th 16 ti thnh ph Alavi (nm -574) Pht qu d-xoa Alavaka (qu Khong-D) 12- H th 17 ti Venuvana (nm -573) C ai mun mua thi hi ngi p Sirima khng? 13- H th 18 ti tng Caliya, x Koliya (nm -572) Con gi ngi th dt ng o 14- H th 19 ti Griddhakuta (nm -571) Pht truyn tm n cho i c Maha-Kassapa (Nim hoa vi tiu) V lng y Jivaka Phc in y (sanghati, o tng-gi-l) 15- H th 20 ti Jetavana (nm -570) Angulimala xut gia sau khi git 999 ngi T-kheo Ananda c chn lm th-gi thng xuyn cho Pht i c Ahimsaka (Angulimala) b hnh hung i c Ahimsaka cu gip mt sn ph Phn IX - T h th 21 n h th 43 1- H th 21 ti Jetavana (nm -569) Vua Pasenadi kt thn vi vua Mahanama B Kisa-Gotami tm xin ht ci cu con

10. Qun thn ngi nh bong bng nc 2- H th 22 ti Jetavana v Pubbarama (nm -568) Pht ni kinh T Nim X (Satipatthana-sutta) C Sundari b git chn ti tinh x Jetavana vu co Pht c Pht chm sc mt kht s mc bnh kit Cc ni-s Maha-Pajapati, Khema v Dhammadinna Cuc i au kh ca ni-s Patacara Pht thuyt kinh Qun Nim Hi Th (Anapana-sati) T st khng phi l t gii thot 3- H th 23 ti Jetavana (nm -567) Gio l l ngn tay ch mt trng Gio l l chic b a ngi sang sng Ngn thuyt php v thn thuyt php Jivaka hi Pht v n chay n mn S c Subha gp tn du-ng Pht ni kinh Phm Vng (Brahmajala-sutta) Lc s ngoi o Balaka Upali thuc ngoi o Nigantha xin xut gia theo Pht Thanh nin B-la-mn Sonadanta vn o 4- H th 24 ti Jetavana (nm -566) Cy B- Ananda tinh x Jetavana Mi hai nhn duyn (Paticca-samuppada) Pht cho php n sau gi ng v gi thc n qua m trong lc bnh

11. Thng ta Sariputta b vu co khinh khi mt tu s tr Pht dy php T Y (Catvari pratisaranena) Ngi tu s nh khc g tri trn sng Pht ging v Tm iu Gic Ng ca Bc i Nhn Pht thm kht s Vakkali ang hp hi Pht dy cch vt qua cc au kh V minh, hnh, thc v danh sc trong 12 nhn duyn Th no l Chnh Kin? Pht ni kinh Vu Lan Bn (Ullambana sutta) 5- H th 25 ti Jetavana (nm -565) Thng ta Punna Mantaniputta i hong ha ti x Thu-l-na Pht thuyt kinh "Hi Bt c" Nhng mm mng chia r khng ng ngi Pht dy Tam Php n Nn hc gio l bng ting m 6- H th 26 ti Jetavana (nm -564) Nn lm g khi bit mnh sp cht? Bn ngi m s voi 7- H th 27 ti Jetavana (nm -563) Thy Vangisa h tr su cn Cc lun chp v nhng cu hi v siu-hnh do u m c 8- H th 28 ti Jetavana (nm -562) 252 Thng ta Ananda v c gi h tin tn Prakriti

12. Pht ni kinh Th-Lng-Nghim (Suramgama-sutta) 9- H th 29 ti Jetavana (nm -561) Lng t bi ca Pht i vi cc kht s cn non km Hip s Rohitassa hi cch ra khi th gii sinh t 10- H th 30 ti Jetavana (nm -560) Nhng cu hi khng c Pht tr li Nh-Lai khng t u ti v cng khng i v u c 11- H th 31 ti Jetavana (nm -559) Pht ni kinh S T Hng 12- H th 32 ti Jetavana (nm -558) Pht ni kinh Kim-cang Bt-nh Ba-la-mt 13- H th 33, 34, 35 ti Jetavana (nm -557/ -555) Pht ni kinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt 14- H th 36 ti Jetavana (nm -554) B Visakha than khc vi Pht v mt a chu va mi cht Ngi tu phi bit lng sc mnh 15- H th 37 ti Venuvana (nm -553) Devadatta xin thay Pht lnh o gio on Devadatta lp gio on ring ti Gayasisa Thi-t Ajatasattu son ngi vua Ajatasattu v Devadatta m mu m st Pht Thng hong Bimbisara b b i trong nh giam Sariputta v Moggallana n Gayasisa

13. Devadatta ln hi Pht Hong t Abhaya cht vn Pht Devadatta th voi say hi Pht 16- H th 38 ti Jetavana (nm -552) Pht thuyt kinh A-Di- Nh c Tin c th chng V Sanh hay khng? Pht dy cch xy dng hnh-phc Pht thm c-s Sudatta trn ging bnh Pht dy Singala cch sng o-c c hnh phc Pht dy Bt Quan Trai gii Sariputta dy Sudatta cch qun tng lc hp hi Chin tranh gia hai x Magadha v Kosala 17- H 39 ti Jetavana (nm -551) 18- H 40 ti Jetavana (nm -550) Pht ch cch chn chnh t-php v kinh-t 19- H 41 ti Jetavana (nm -549) 20- H 42 ti Venuvana (nm -548) Pht ni kinh Sa-Mn Qu (Samanna-phala-sutta) Pht ni kinh Diu Php Lin Hoa 21- H 43 ti Jetavana (nm -547) Ni-s Pajapati v Thng ta Rahula vin tch Vua Pasenadi git oan tng Bandhula Phn X c Pht nhp nit-bn

14. 1- H 44 ti Jetavana (nm -546) Vua Pasenadi ca ngi Pht Vua Pasenadi bng h Rajagriha Vua Vidudabha tn st dng h Sakya Moggallana b ngoi o m st ti Rajagriha Devadatta qua i ti Griddhakuta S gi ca Ajatasattu thnh Pht v vic c binh nh nc Vajji Pht dy By Php Bt Thi gi gn chnh php Sariputta ca ngi Pht B Rupa-Sari, m Thng ta Sariputta bnh nng Cng thnh v bn Gotama ti Pataliputta 2- H 45 ti lng Beluva gn Vesali (nm -545) 317 Pht bnh nng ti Beluva, gn Vesali Pht dy nng ta ni t tnh Tam Bo Thng ta Sariputta vin tch ti Nalaka 3- Pht nhp nit-bn ti Kusinagar (nm -544) Pht bo tin s nhp dit trong ba thng Bt cho nm ca ngi th rn Cunda Th no l lm v vang Nh Lai Thng ta Upavana ng che n ch Thin Li ch ca s chim bi Bn Thnh Tch Pht dy ch tng cch i x vi n gii Pht khen ti lm th gi ca Ananda

15. Subhadda, ngi t xut gia cui cng ca Pht Li ni cui cng ca Pht c Pht vin tch L tr t ti Kusinagar Phn chia x li Pht ra lm 8 phn Ph nh: 1- Kit tp kinh in: Kit tp kinh in ln th nht ti Rajagriha (nm -544) Kit tp kinh in ln th nh ti Vesali (nm -444) Kit tp kinh in ln th ba ti Pataliputta (nm -244) Kit tp kinh in ln th t, ca Nam tng ti Aluvihara (nm -200) Kit tp kinh in ln th t, ca Bc tng ti Kudalavana (nm -200) Kit tp kinh in Nam tng ti Mandalay, Min-in (nm 1871) Kit tp kinh in Nam tng ti Rangoon, Min-in (nm 1954) 2- Tam Tng Kinh in (Tripitaka) Tng Lut (Vinaya Pitaka) Tng Kinh (Sutta Pitaka) Tng Lun (Abhidhamma Pitaka) 3- Thp i T (Phn 17 ) 1. Sariputta (X-Li-Pht), tr hu nht. 2. Moggallana (Mc-Kin-Lin), thn thng nht. 3. Maha-Kassapa (Ma-Ha Ca-Dip), hnh u- nht. 4. Subhuti (Tu-B-), gii khng nht.

16. 5. Punna Mantaniputta (Ph-Lu-Na Mn-T-T), thuyt php nht. 6. Maha-Kaccana (Ma-Ha Ca-Chin-Din), lun ngh nht. 7. Anuruddha (A-Na-Lut), thin nhn nht. 8. Upali (u-Ba-Ly), tr lut nht. 9. Rahula (La-Hu-La), mt hnh nht. 10. Ananda (A-Nan), a vn nht. 4- Ba mi ba v T-s (Phn 18 ) 1. Maha-Kassapa (Ma-Ha Ca-Dip) nm -624 n -520 2. Ananda (A-Nan) nm -605 n -485 3. Sanavasin (Thng-Na-Ha-Tu, Thai Y) nm -550 n -470 4. Upagupta (u-Ba-Cc-a) nm -500 n -430 5. Dhitaka (-a-Ca) nm -460 n -380 6. Michaka (Di-Gi-Ca) nm -440 n -360 7. Vasumitra (B-Tu-Mt, Th Hu) nm -420 n -330 8. Buddhanandi (Pht--Nan-) nm -370 n -300 9. Buddhamitra (Pht--Mt-a) nm -360 n -290 10. Parsva (Hip Tn Gi) nm -360 n -270 11. Punyayasa (Ph-Na-D-Xa) nm -300 n -230 12. Asvaghosa (M Minh) nm -270 n -190 381 13. Kapimala (Ca-T-Ma-La) nm -250 n -180 14. Nagarjuna (Long Th) nm -240 n -130 15. Kanadeva (Ca-Na--B) nm -170 n -90 16. Rahulata (La-Hu-La-a) nm -150 n -60

17. 17. Sanghanandi (Tng-Gi-Nan-) nm -100 n -20 18. Sanghayasas (Tng-Gi-Da-X) nm -50 n +20 19. Kumarata (Cu-Ma-La-a) nm -10 n +60 20. Jayata (X-D-a) nm +30 n 100 21. Vasubandhu (B-Tu-Bn-u, Th Thn) nm 70 - 160 22. Madura (Ma-N-La) nm 120 - 190 23. Haklenayasas (Hc-Lc-Na) nm 150 - 230 24. Simha-Bhiksu (S T T Kheo) nm 200 - 280 25. Vasasuta (B-X-T-a) nm 240 - 325 26. Punyamitra (Bt-Nh-Mt-a) nm 300 - 27. Prajnatara (Bt-Nh-a-La) nm 360 - 460 28. Bodhidharma (B--t-Ma), S T ti Trung-Hoa, nm 440 - 529 29. Hu Kh (Hoei-Keu), Nh T ti Trung-Hoa nm 487 - 593 30. Tng Xn (Seng-Tsan), Tam T ti Trung-Hoa nm 517 - 606 31. o Tn (Tao-Sinn), T T ti Trung-Hoa nm 580 - 651 32. Hong Nhn (Houng-Jenn), Ng T ti Trung-Hoa nm 602 - 675 33. Hu Nng (Hoei-Neng), Lc T ti Trung-Hoa nm 638 - 713 Tam Tng Php-s: Huyn Trang (Hiuen Tsang) nm 602 - 664 5- Pht Gio truyn sang Sri-Lanka (Tch-Lan) (Phn 19 ) Vua Asoka (tr v -264 / -227) Vua Devanampiya Tissa i s Maha Mahinda Ni s Sanghamitta

18. 6- Bn ng-tm v cc Pht-tch ti n Lumbini (Lm-t-ni) Bodh-Gaya (B- o trng) Migadava (Lc Uyn) Kusinagar (Cu-thi-na) Rajagriha (Vng-X) Jetavana (Vn K-, K-vin tinh x) Vesali (T-x-ly) i Hc Pht Gio Nalanda 7- i cng tu Pht: (Phn 20 ) 3 tng phi ln trong o Pht 37 php tu cn bn 6 php tu ca B-tt 4 php tu ca i B-tt Th lp tu chng trong o Pht Cc cnh-gii theo o Pht 8- Sch tham kho

19. LI M U Trong bc u hc Pht, chng ti thng gp nhiu tr ngi ln v vn- danh-t. V trong kinh sch ting Vit thng dng ln ln cc ch Vit, ch Hn-Vit, ch Pali, ch Sanscrit, khi th phin m, khi th dch ngha. Cc a-danh v nhn-danh[1] khng c ng nht. V thi-gian, ni chn v nhiu cu chuyn trong s tch c Pht cng c nhiu thuyt khc nhau lm cho ngi hc Pht kh ghi nhn c din tin cuc i c Pht. Do chng ti c pht nguyn s c gng ng gp phn no gip ngi hc Pht c c mt ti liu y , chnh xc, ng tin cy, d c, d hiu, d nh v d tra cu khi cn. Qua cc ti liu nghin cu ng tin cy nh quyn ng Xa My Trng ca Ha-Thng Nht Hnh, quyn The Life of Buddha as Legend and History ca Edward J. Thomas, quyn The Life of The Buddha According to The Ancient Texts and Monuments of India ca A.Fouch, b Buddhist Legends 3 quyn ca Eugene Watson Burlingame, quyn Geography of Early Buddhism ca Bimala Churn Law, vn vn chng ti c gng chn la, sp xp thnh quyn S tch c Pht Thch Ca mu Ni ny gip ngi hc Pht thy r din tin cuc i gng-mu v gio-l cao-thng ca Ngi, va thc-t va siu-phm[2]. Gio-l cao-thng ca c Th-Tn c t tr li trong khung cnh i sng hng ngy ca Ngi bng nhng li l n-gin, d c, d hiu, d nh v d thc hnh. Tuy nhin trnh mi kin chp ng/sai, c/khng, tht/gi chng ti xin mn php nhc li li Pht dy v Php T Y nh sau: Mun hc hi gio l c kt qu tt p chng ta nn y theo bn iu ny: 1- Y php bt y nhn: Nn nng theo sch v hay li ch dy, khng nn chp ni tc gi hay ngi ni. 2- Y ngha by y ng: Nn nng theo ngha l, khng nn chp vo li ni hay vn t. 3- Y tnh bt y tng: Nn nng theo tht tnh ca s vt, khng nn chp vo gi tng b ngoi. 4- Y kinh liu ngha, bt y kinh bt liu ngha: Nn nng theo li ni hay kinh sch ch thng Chn l rt ro, khng nn chp vo cc li ni hay kinh sch dng phng tin ch dy theo trnh ngi nghe.

20. Vy, qua cc cu chuyn c tnh cch huyn b, thn thoi, kh tin, qu v khng nn tin, cng khng nn chp l c tht hay khng c tht, qu v nn tm hiu ngha hay o l m cu chuyn ra. V hu ht nhng mu chuyn c tnh cch huyn b, thn thoi, kh tin v s tch c Pht u do chnh c Pht, ch T, ch Ha Thng hoc cc hc gi t ra v li ch ca ngi hu hc nh chng ta. Tht l ngy th kh di nu chng ta nu ra cu hi: Chuyn ng Gi Nol, chuyn Con Qu v Con Chn ca La Fontaine, chuyn Lc Long Qun ly b u C sanh ra 100 trng l c tht hay khng c tht? Ngoi ra, chng ta cng nn cn c vo Ba Php n ca c Th Tn bit gio l no ng l do ngi ch dy hay khng phi do ngi ch dy. Ba Php n l V Thng, V Ng, Nit Bn theo Pht gio Nguyn thy, hay Khng, V Tng, V Tc (V Nguyn) theo Pht gio i tha. Chng ti mong rng quyn S tch c Pht Thch Ca mu Ni ny c th mang n cho qu v c gi mt ci nhn y , ng n v cuc i c Pht v Gio l gic ng v gii thot ca ngi ch dy. Trong khi son tho quyn S tch c Pht Thch Ca mu Ni ny d nhin chng ti phi tra cu cc ti liu hin hnh, nhiu khi phi trch dn nguyn vn, khng dm sa i, theo ng tinh thn Vn d ti o, thut nhi bt tc. V li ch chung ca ngi hc Pht, chng ti chn thnh cu xin qu v tc gi cc ti liu tham cu vui lng thng cm v tha th. D vi s c gng ca chng ti, cc ti liu hin nay v s tch c Pht vn cn rt nhiu thiu st v sai lm, chng ti rt mong cc v thc gi vui lng ch bo thm chng ti c th nh chnh v b tc thm vo k ti bn ti. Nam-m Bn S Thch-Ca Mu-Ni Pht. Vit ti Antony, Php quc, ma thu nm 2004. Minh Thin Trn Hu Danh o0o Cch c ch Pali v Sanscrit: (Gia ch Pali v ch Sanscrit, chng ti chn ch no d c v thng dng nht.) - Ch Pali thng n gin v d c hn ch Sanscrit.

21. a ngn, nh amount(Anh). Thng c th lt b. V d: ch Pippala c th vit v c l Pippal; ch Arahat c th vit v c l Arhat. di, =aa, nh cha(Vit), father(Anh). ai nh ai(Vit). e nh d(Vit). i ngn, nh i(Vit), pin(Anh). di, nh police(Anh). o nh -t(Vit). u nh tu(Vit), fou(Php). c, ch nh ch(Vit). d nh i u(Vit). g nh ghe go(Vit). h nh h hng(Vit). j nh joujou(Php), hoc nh dj trong Djakart(Php). p nh papa(Php). ph p v h c ri ra nh uphill(Anh). s, sh nh ti sao(Vit), sure(Anh), chien(Php). th c ri ra nh hothouse(Anh). v u ch hoc sau mt nguyn m, c nh v vy(Vit). v sau mt ph m nh Bodhisattva, c nh ch u(Vit). y nh danh d(Vit, ging Nam). [1] V nhn danh v a danh chng ti ch trng dng ch Pali hay Sanscrit cho chnh xc. [2] Tuy nhin, theo li Pht dy, qu v khng nn vi tin hay vi bc b nhng ch kh tin. o0o

22. CUC I C PHT THCH CA MU NI (Theo bn hiu-chnh ngy 21/05/2005) Son gi: Minh-Thin Trn-Hu-Danh Vi s khuyn khch v gip ca hin ni: Diu-Xun Nguyn-th Bch-Mai o0o PHN I - TIN THN C PHT THCH-CA MU-NI Trong kinh sch, nht l trong hai b kinh Bn-sanh (Jataka) v Bn-s (Itivuttaka), c rt nhiu cu chuyn v tin thn c Pht. Chng ti ch k ra y hai kip[1] sau cng trc khi c Pht th hin n sanh v thnh o. 1- B-tt Sumedha (Thin-Hu)[2] mt i qu-kh xa xa, thuc kip Trang-Nghim[3] (Vyuha-kalpa), c Thi-t tn l Samantaprabhasa (Ph-Quang) con vua Arcimat (ng-Chiu), xin php vua cha vo ni Himalaya tm thy hc o, ly hiu l Sumedha (Thin-Hu). Ngi theo hc vi nhiu v i s, cu o cao thng, nhng lng cha tha mn. Mt hm Sumedha u l vi 500 ngoi-o c ton thng, c thng 500 ng tin vng. Sumedha vui mng t-gi thy, mang tin ln ng tm n cng Pht Dipankara[4] (Nhin-ng) ang c tr ti th Divapati. Gia ng gp mt c gi (tin thn ca cng cha Yasodhara) ang i, tay cm by hoa sen mu xanh va thm va p, chng lin hi mua. Nhng c gi p: Ti mang hoa cng Pht, u c bn m ng hi mua. Sumedha (Thin-Hu) a ra 500 ng tin vng, nn-n xin mua nm hoa sen cng Pht, nhng c gi vn ng lm thinh, khng p. Tng th, chng ni: - C cng dng hai bng cng c ri. Ti t xa n y, mong c hoa sen qu bu ny cng Pht Dipankara v xin hc hi gio l cao thng ca ngi. Xin c thng cm nhng li cho ti nm bng i; ri c mun g ti cng lm theo. - Anh i, c gi ng hng i m, ng nhn xung t, rt r ni. Khng bit sao va trng thy anh th em em lng thng anh lin h. Em mun tng khng cho anh nm bng sen ny anh cng c gic ng. Nhng anh phi ha vi em l anh chu ci em lm v trong kip ny v mi mi v sau.

23. - C i, Sumedha p. C l ngi rt d mn v rt chn tht. Va gp c ti cng c cm tnh vi c ngay. Nhng ti pht tm cu o gii thot. Nu ci v th b rng buc, lm sao ti c th xut gia tm o !? - Anh c ha vi em i. Ri sau ny mi khi anh mun xut gia th em cam kt s khng ngn cn m cn tm cch gip anh thc hin c hon ton ch nguyn. Nghe c gi ni nh th, Sumedha (Thin-Hu) min cng nhn li. Ri hai ngi tm ti ni c Pht Dipankara (Nhin-ng) ang ng. Qun chng ng o ang vy quanh c Pht. C c vua v qun thn n lm l dng hoa cng Pht. Sumedha v c gi c len li n gn, nhng cn khong hai mi bc na th h khng ti no tin ln c na. Sumedha rt sung sng c nhn thy Pht Dipankara tn mt. Bng nhin chng cm thy tinh thn sng khoi l thng. Chng pht nguyn s c gng tu hc cho n khi c hon ton gic ng nh ngi. Chng ch thnh tung nm hoa sen ca mnh ln khng trung cng dng Pht theo thng l lc by gi. Nm hoa sen c tung ln khng trung bng bin thnh nm i sen ln trang nghim rc r, l lng gia khng gian. C bn gi trao cho chng hai hoa sen ca c, nh dng cng dm. Chng li ch thnh tung ln khng trung cng dng Pht. Hai a sen ny hin thnh hai i sen ln ng hai bn Pht. Trc s ngc-nhin ca i chng, c Pht Dipankara hoan-h gii- thch s d c s k-diu nh th l do tm v cng thanh-tnh v thnh knh ca ngi cng dng. Ri Pht gi Sumedha (Thin-Hu) v c gi n bo: - ng l ngi c nhiu thin cn, hy rng tinh tn tu hnh s t c o qu ln. Cn c ny cng c thin duyn vi ng, nhng c nn tn trng li ha, nn khuyn khch ch khng nn ngn cn bn c xut gia tu hc. T Sumedha theo Pht Dipankara hc o, v sau th b-tt gii v t-kheo gii. Sumedha c gng tinh-tn tu hnh B-tt. Mt hm c Pht Dipankara i t tinh x Sudassana n thnh ph Ramma, gia ng gp ch t ly, B-tt Sumedha lin ci o ng mc m tri ln ch d t, nhng cn ht mt cht khng bit lm sao, ng bn x tc lt thm cho Pht i qua khi lm chn. Nhn thy B-tt Sumedha s thc hnh y 10 thnh hnh[5] nn c Pht th-k[6] cho ng s thnh Pht hiu l Sakyamuni (Thch-Ca Mu-Ni) trong i Hin-kip (Bhadra-kalpa). 2- B-tt Vessantara (H-Minh)[7]

24. n lc Pht Kassapa (Ca-Dip)[8] ra i, nhm Hin-kip th chn, B-tt Sumedha (Thin- Hu) ti sanh lm thi t Vessantara (Visvantara, H Minh), chuyn thc hnh hnh b th t lc u th; khi ln ln lm vua, ri xut gia theo Pht Kassapa v tr thnh B-tt Vessantara (cn gi l Svetaketu). Nh cng hnh y nn khi lm chung B-tt Vessantara c sanh v ci tri u- Sut (Tusita) lm B-tt b-x, lnh o ch Thin ci ny v din thuyt php mu cho Thin chng nghe. Ngi u-Sut bn ngn nm, dng php tng[9] gio-ha chng sinh. Mt hm ngi nhn xung th-gian thy chng sinh phn nhiu ch ua nhau to c, chm m trong t-kin, khng bit tin nhn qu ti phc, sng au kh v th-xc ln tinh-thn, cht b a trong ba ng c[10]. Ngi pht tm t-bi, nguyn ging th gio-ha chng sinh, mang n nh sng chn-l cu chng sinh thot khi sanh gi bnh cht, chng c o qu nit-bn, an lc thanh tnh. Ngay lc ton thn ngi phng i-quang-minh, i a mi tm tng ng, ma cung n nu, mt tri mt trng ht tinh quang, chn ng tt c tri rng tm b[11]. Ngi lin quan st nm vic di y: 1- Quan st thi k, ngi thy tui th con ngi lc by gi khong 100 nm, rt thun li; v vi th mng qu di con ngi khng thc c th no l gi cht, vi th mng qu ngn th khng c thi gian tu tp. 2- Quan st lc a, ngi chn Jambudipa (bn o n-) v lc by gi ngn ng v t tng trit hc ni y c pht trin hn ht.. 3- Quan st quc , ngi chn Majjhimadesa (Vng Trung n, thung lng sng Hng); v ni y c nhiu nh hin trit v minh qun xut hin. 4- Quan st chng tc, ngi chn dng di Sakya vi vua Suddhodana l ngi c tm o nht. Theo kinh Lalitavistara th dng h ny c 64 c tnh cn thit. 5- Quan st ngi c c tnh lm m v Pht tng lai, ngi chn hong hu Maha-Maya; bit rng b ch cn sng thm 10 thng 7 ngy na. Theo kinh Lalitavistara th b Maha-Maya c 32 c tnh cn thit. Khi thy c duyn n, B-tt H-Minh bn ph chc ngi v lnh o ch Thin li cho ngi Di-Lc (Maitreya, Metteyya) lm B-tt b x, ri t cung tri u-Sut (Tusita) ging trn, th hin nhp thai ti thnh Kapilavastu, x Sakya[12], gn chn ni Himalaya, thuc vng bin gii ng-bc nc n- v Nepal ngy nay, lm con trai ca vua Suddhodana (Tnh-Phn), v hong-hu Maha- Maya. Hong-tc x ny u thuc dng-di SAKYA (Thch-Ca).

25. CUC I C PHT THCH CA MU NI (Theo bn hiu-chnh ngy 21/05/2005) Son gi: Minh-Thin Trn-Hu-Danh Vi s khuyn khch v gip ca hin ni: Diu-Xun Nguyn-th Bch-Mai o0o o0o PHN II C PHT N SANH Mt v Pht ra i l mt nhn duyn ln rt him c, l mt nim vui v tn cho tt c mun loi chng sanh. c Pht l bc V Thng Chnh ng Chnh Gic, c tr tu v lng t bi rng ln cng tt, v thng cm ni kh trin-min v b bn ca chng sanh m lm nn ngi dng phng tin th hin n sanh ch dy v du dt chng sanh ra khi vng sanh t lun hi, t n nit-bn an-lc thanh-tnh. V phng din lch s, chng ti xin trnh by trc huyn thoi v 5 h ca c Pht l Gotama (C-m), Sujata (Thin-Sanh), Okkaka (Cam-Gi), Suryavamsa (Nht-Chng) v Sakya (Thch-Ca), sau mi ni n lc Pht n sanh. 1- Lai lch h Gotama v b-tc Sakya[13] Vo thu xa xa, th Saketa, hin nay l Ayodhya[14], thuc min Trung n-, c ging dn Aryan. Theo kinh Pht Bn Hnh (Abhinikramana-sutra), kinh Thp Nh Du, kinh Ambattha (Digha-nikaya 3) v kinh Mahavastu (do ngi Buddhaghosa ch gii vo th k th nm sau ty lch), th xa kia ni y c v vua tn l Maha-Sammata (i-Mao-Tho) nhng ngi cho em, xut gia theo i tin Gotama (C-m)[15] tu trong rng. ngi i khng nhn ra mnh l vua, ng ly h thy l Gotama lm h mnh. T ngi ta gi thy ng l Maha-Gotama (i C-m) v gi ng l Culla-Gotama (Tiu C-m). Hai thy tr tu trong rng, trong mt ci am bn cnh mt vn ma (cam-gi, okkaka) ln. Mt hm c 500 tn cp nh cp ti sn ca quan, trong lc chy trn bng qua vn ma, nh ri nhng cp c trong vn. Quan qun theo du tm n, cho Culla-Gotama (Tiu C-m) l gic cp, lin dng tn bn cht, mu chy lnh lng xung t. Maha-Gotama ang c vic i xa,

26. dng thin nhn nhn thy, bun b ri l. ng lin bay v n ni, gom mu trn ln vi bn trn mt t, vo thnh hai vin ln bng nm tay, t ln bn th gia tri, ri ch nguyn rng: - C-m ti thnh tm cu nguyn ch thin bin hai hn mu ny thnh ngi. Qua 10 thng, nh hp th nh sng mt tri, vin bn tri ha thnh mt b trai, vin bn phi ha thnh mt b gi, u ly h Gotama (C-m). Cc quan i thn trong triu nghe tin, rc v cung nui dng. B trai c t tn l Sujata (Thin Sanh)[16], cn gi l Okkaka (Cam Gi)[17] hay Suryavamsa (Nht Chng)[18]. B gi c t tn l Subhadda (Thin Hin). V sau cc i thn lp Okkaka (Thin Sanh) lm vua hiu l Ikshvaku (-Ma vng), v Subhadda (Thin Hin) lm hong hu, sanh c bn ngi con trai tn l Okkamukha, Karakanda, Hatthinika, Sinipura, v nm ngi con gi l Piya, Suppiya, Ananda, Vijita v Vijitasena. Sau hong hu Subhadda qua i, vua Ikshvaku ci thm mt cng cha tr p phong lm hong hu sanh c mt ngi con trai tn l Jantu. V mun lp Jantu ln lm vua nn v hong hu th nh xui gic vua Ikshvaku y bn ngi con trai ca hong hu Subhadda ra khi nc. Bn hong t ny cng vi nm ch em gi i v hng ng bc, n gn chn ni Himalaya, gp nh hin trit rt gii thin vn a l tn Kapila khuyn nn li y lp nghip. Ni y ln hi tr nn phn thnh. Vua Ikshvaku c tin ny, tht li khen rng Sakya vata bho raja-kumara , c ngha l Cc v hong t ny qu tht l nhng ngi c kh nng. T b-tc ca cc hong t v vng quc ca h sng lp mang tn l Sakya (Thch-Ca), c ngha l ngi c kh nng hay ngi anh hng. nh n nh hin trit Kapila, cc hong t Sakya t tn th x Sakya l Kapilavastu. t lu sau, ngi ch c l Piya mc bnh ci, vo rng . Trong khi vua x Kasi Benares l Rama cng mc bnh ci, truyn ngi cho con trai c ri vo su trong rng ni , thi may gp thuc ht bnh. Hai ngi gp nhau, vua Rama ch thuc cho b Piya c lnh bnh, hai ngi n vi nhau, thnh lp x Koliya, ln lm vua[19]. Kapilavastu, bn hong t con vua Ikshvaku (Okkaka) khng th lp gia nh vi ngi bn x v khng c ai thuc giai cp qu tc (Ksatriya) nn phi sng chung vi bn ch em gi cn li nh v chng[20]. Trong s bn hong t ny c ba ngi cht, hong t cn li l Okkamukha (Ni-Cu- La[21]) ln lm vua. Sau truyn ngi cho con l Cu-L[22] (?). Cu-L truyn ngi cho con l Jayasena (C-Cu-L[23]). Jayasena truyn ngi cho con l Sihahanu (S-T-Gip). Vua Sihahanu (S-T-Gip) sinh c bn ngi con trai l: Suddhodana (Tnh-Phn), Dhotodana (Hc-Phn), Sukkodana (Bch-Phn) v Amitodana (Cam-L-Phn); v mt ngi con gi l Amita (Cam-L

27. vng phi) g cho vua Suppabuddha (Thin-Gic vng) x Koliya. Vua Sihahanu truyn ngi cho con l Suddhodana. Vua Suddhodana (Tnh-Phn vng) v hong hu Maha-Maya sinh ra thi t Siddhattha (S-t-Ta) v sau thnh Pht hiu l Sakyamuni (Thch-Ca Mu-Ni). Do c Pht c c thy nm h: Gotama (C-m), Okkaka (Cam-Gi), Sujata (Thin Sanh), Suryavamsa (Nht-Chng) v Sakya (Thch-Ca). Nhng ngi thi by gi thng dng ting Gotama ch h ca c Pht, ting Sakya ch dng-di, b tc hay tn x, v ting Sakyamuni ch Pht hiu ca ngi. Pht hiu Sakyamuni c ngha l nng nhn tch mc . Sakya l nng nhn , l bc anh hng c kh nng hn ngi. Muni l tch mc, tch tnh, vng lng, cng c ngha l nhn-t. Sakyamuni cng c ngha l bc anh-hng hon-ton . 2- Lc mi sanh (nm -624) Vua Suddhodana GOTAMA v hong-hu Maha-Maya l ngi giu lng nhn i, knh trng thnh hin. gn bn mi tui m cha c con. Vua v hong hu thng lp n cng vi, v m hi b th cho ngi ngho kh cu sanh c mt hong nam hu sau ny ni ngi vua. Nm 624[24] trc ty lch, ti khu lm-vin xinh p Lumbini[25] (Lm-t-ni, hin nay thuc lnh th Nepal), thi-t Siddhattha GOTAMA, thuc dng-di b tc Sakya, con vua Suddhodana GOTAMA, 42 tui, v hong-hu Maha-Maya, 44 tui, sanh vo ngy trng trn thng Vesak[26] (cn gi l Visakha hay Vaisakha, tng ng vi thng t hay thng 5 dl). Trc mi thng, trong khi c vua cho php gi tm gii thanh tnh, vo m trng trn thng Asatha (thng 6 hay thng 7 dl), ti thnh Kapilavastu[27] (Ca-t-la-v), hong-hu Maya nm mng thy mt con voi trng su ng[28], trong bng c mt hoa sen ln mu trng, t trn tri bay xung chun vo hng phi ca b, lc b cm thy thn tm khoi lc, nh nhng, sng chi nh nh trng rm. Sng hm sau, b thut li gic chim bao k diu y cho vua nghe. Nh vua cho mi 64 nh tin tri B-la-mn n gii mng; cc v ny on l hong-hu mang thai v thi-t sp c sanh ra s l mt i hoc mt thnh nhn ting tm lng-ly. T lc th thai thn tm hong hu lun lun c an lc, thanh tnh, tr hu sng sut. Theo phong tc, gn n ngy sanh, hong-hu Maha-Maya i t thnh Kapilavastu v nh cha m rut l quc vng Suppabuddha v hong hu Amita thnh Devadaha cn gi l Ramagama thuc x Koliya (Cu-li, hin nay thuc lnh th Nepal). Gia ng phi on tm ngh chn trong

28. khu lm vin Lumbini, cch Kapilavastu khong 30 km v hng ng-nam, ang ma hoa c xinh ti. Hong-hu n mt h nc tm ra, thay i y-phc, ri i ngm cnh p xung quanh h. Thy a hoa V-u[29] (asoka) v cng xinh p trn cy, b vi tay phi nh hi th chuyn bng. B vi ng vn cnh cy. Cc th n vi chy n ng chng mn bn pha. Bng ci t rung ng, ho quang chiu khp ni, ri thi t xut hin ra i[30], thn ngi thanh tnh khng b nh nhp, v mt an lnh khng khc la. Ch thin bit ng cu th ra i lin hin n tung hoa, tu nhc, ca ht chc mng. Hong hu v cc cung n hn hoan cho n thi-t[31]. Khi mi sanh ra thi-t Siddhattha cng c tm ra ln u tin[32] ti h nc ni trn. H nc Puskarini ny hin nay c xy li theo hnh vung mi cnh 20m, ni ting l linh-thing, c kh nng tr bnh cho ngi xung tm. Bn cnh h hin cn mt cy b- to ln, cnh l sum-s, c t hi c Pht cn ti th. Bn cnh h hin nay c ngi n th n thn Maha-Maya, trong c ch v tr chnh xc ni c Pht n sanh, v c hai bc tranh ni iu khc cnh c Pht n sanh, mt bc bng v mt bc bng cm-thch . n nm 244 trc ty lch, vua Asoka c n y chim-bi theo s hng dn ca o s Moggaliputta-Tissa (Mc-Kin-Lin-T -Tu). Vua Asoka c cho dng gn h mt tr k nim. Trn tr c khc nm hng gm 93 ch bng ting Brahmi nh sau: Devanapiyena Piyadasina[33] lajina-visativasabhisitena Atana-agacha mahiyite. Hida Budhe-jate Sakyamuniti Silavigadabhi cha kalapita silathabhe cha usapapite. Hida Bhagavam jateti Lumbini- game ubalike kate. Atha-bhagiye cha. (C ngha l: Vua Piyadasina, c cc v thin thn knh mn v ng h, ch thn n nh l ch ny, sau khi ln ngi c 20 nm. y l ni c Pht Sakyamuni n sanh. Vua h lnh xy dng mt vch thnh bng bao quanh ni ny v mt tr bn trong nh du ch c Th Tn n sanh. Vua cho php dn lng Lumbini t nay ch ng mt phn tm thu m cc.) Trong k s ca ngi Huyn Trang vo th k th by c ni u tr c hnh con nga rt m thut v trn lng. Nhng hin nay cha tm c di tch tng con nga c bit y. Kinh sch cn ni n trong lc c Pht n sanh th ng thi by nhn vt sau y cng cho i: 1-Cy i B-, 2-Yasodhara (Da-Du--La), 3-Kaludayin (Ca-Lu--Di), 4-Channa (Xa- nc), 5-Kanthaka (nga Kin-trc), 6-Con voi bu, v 7-Bn bnh chu-bu[34]. 3- Sau khi sanh

29. Qua ngy hm sau, tin ng Asita Kaladevala (A-t-) do thy im l trn tri, bit c thnh nhn va ging sinh, lin cng vi t l chu rut gi ng bng cu, tn Nalaka[35], t sn ni Himalaya n xin php vua c xem tng cho thi-t[36]. Vua Suddhodana rt vui-v cho bng thi-t ra nh l tin ng. Nhng, trc s kinh-ngc ca mi ngi, thi-t bng nhin quay v pha tin ng v t hai chn ln u tc ca ng. ang ngi trn gh, tin ng Asita vi ng dy chp tay x cho thi-t[37] v tin on thi-t s tr thnh bc v-nhn cao qu nht ca nhn loi. Nh vua cng lm theo, x cho thi-t. Trong khi xem tng cho thi-t, tin ng Asita t v rt vui mng, nhng khi xem xong th ng o ln khc nc-n. Nh vua ngc nhin hi im lnh d th no, ti sao ng ht vui mng li khc. Tin ng Asita sc si p: - Tu i Vng, thi-t c 32 tng tt[38] v 80 v p[39], sau ny s l v Chuyn Lun Thnh Vng cai tr bn chu thin h; nhng chc ngi s xut gia tu hnh thnh bc V Thng Chnh ng Chnh Gic, l bc thy li lc ca khp cc ci tri v ci ngi, ging dy php mu ban vui cu kh cho chng sanh. Rt tic nay ti qu gi ri, khng cn sng n lc c nghe li ngi ch dy, nn ti ti thn ti khc. L qun nh c t chc vo ngy th nm sau khi thi-t ra i. Vua Suddhodana triu-tp su v hin-trit B-la-mn chn tn v tin on tng-lai cho con. Tn c chn l Siddhattha (Siddartha, Sarvarthasiddha) c ngha l ngi thnh-t nguyn-vng. Sau khi bn tho v tng-lai ca thi-t, nm v a ln hai ngn tay, tuyn b: - Mun tu i Vng, thi-t s tr thnh bc Chuyn-Lun-Thnh-Vng (Cakravartin), v hong- v-i nht th-gian nu ngi mun tr-v thin-h. Nu xut gia tu hnh, ngi s thnh bc Chnh-ng-Chnh-Gic (Samma-sambuddha) cu nhn-loi ra khi cnh ti-tm au-kh . Nhng v tr tui nht tn Kondanna (Kiu-Trn-Nh)[40] ch a ln mt ngn tay v ni: - Tu i Vng, sau ny, sau khi nhn thy mt ngi gi, mt ngi bnh, mt xc cht v mt tu s, thi-t s xut gia i tm chn-l v s tr thnh mt v Pht, V-Thng Chnh-ng Chnh- gic. Sau khi sanh thi-t c by ngy th hong-hu Maya t trn[41], vng sanh v cung tri ao- li[42] (Tavatimsa). Thi-t c giao cho ngi d rut cng l th-hu trong triu l b Pajapati Gotami[43] (Ba-X-Ba- Kiu-m-Di), chm sc. Do cc li tin on ca cc nh tin tri nn vua Suddhodana tm mi cch cho thi-t Siddhattha hng y lc th trong hong cung,

30. khng bao gi nhn thy cc cnh kh au, bnh hon, gi cht i. Khi thi t c su tui, vua Suddhodana cho mi cc v thy ni ting vo triu dy hc, mong o to thi-t thnh mt v vua tng lai c y- kh-nng v c-hnh k nghip ngi.

31. CUC I C PHT THCH CA MU NI (Theo bn hiu-chnh ngy 21/05/2005) Son gi: Minh-Thin Trn-Hu-Danh Vi s khuyn khch v gip ca hin ni: Diu-Xun Nguyn-th Bch-Mai o0o PHN III THI GIAN LM THI T T lc n sanh (nm -624) n lc xut gia vo nm 29 tui (nm -595). 1- Thi th u Thi t Siddhattha d l h in [44] Nm ln 7 tui, thi-t Siddhattha c i d l h-in ngoi cng thnh pha nam vi vua cha khai mc ma cy cy. Ngi di bng mt ca tng cy ni-cu-[45] to ln, thi-t chm-ch nhn cnh ngi dn cy tay lm chn bn, mnh trn trng-trc di cn nng chy, m hi nh- nhi, va c gng n su li cy xung t va cm roi nh v la ht con tru. Con tru c sc ko cy di ln roi, lm bt ln nhng mng t ln. Nhng con giun qun-qui au n. Nhng con chim bay n tranh nhau n giun. Mt con chn ang lng-vng gn rnh bt chim. Mt anh th sn ang tm cch ging by bt chn. Thi t than thm: i! i sng l mt trng tranh u git hi ln nhau dy y au kh. Trong lc mi ngi vui-v theo di nhng tr vui ca cuc l th thi-t ngi tro chn theo li kit-gi trm-ngm suy-ngh, nh tm theo li ch qun[46] v c s thin (sotapanna[47]). Trong khi thi gian tri qua m bng cy ni-cu- y khng di ng, vn yn mt ch che mt thi t. Cc cung n thy hin tng l nh vy th ly lm ngc nhin n tu cho vua hay. Nh vua n ni, ng yn lng nhn thi-t mt lc ri x cho v ni: Hi ny con yu qu, y l ln th nh ph vng nh l con. Ri nh vua c bi k khen rng: Nh la trn u ni, Nh trng gia khng-gian, t ht thy ngi sao. Ngi thin di gc cy, Uy quang chiu sng ngi.

32. Cng nh lc s sinh, Thn ta thin ri, Thn quang soi khp c Mi phng ch chng sinh Nhn y m c .[48] Thi t Siddhattha hc vn T thu nh thi-t t ra thng-minh xut chng. Trong mi mn hc, t vn-chng n v- thut ngi ch cn hc mt thi-gian ngn l ht s hc ca thy. Nm ln 8 tui, vua cho mi v gio-s ni ting tn Visavamitra (T-xa-b-mt-a-la) vo cung dy thi-t v cc vng-t v Phn vn (Sanskrit) v kinh V- (Veda). Va mi gp thy ba u thi-t hi: - Tha thy, ti rt mng hm nay c thy ti y dy bo, ti mun hc nhng sch v Phn- vn v Veda. Nhng b c 64 loi (Brahmana, Nighandu, Sokkharappabhedana, Itihasa, Veyyakarana, Rigveda, Atharvaveda, )[49], vy thy nh dy v loi no trc?[50] Gio-s Visavamitra vn l mt ngi thng minh, ti tr, hc rng, nhng khi nghe thi-t mi 8 tui hi nh th th tot m-hi trn, v chnh ng cng cha bit ht 64 loi m thi t va k. ng vi-vng qu xung c bi th khen tng thi-t nh sau: Gii thay! Hay thay! Cha tng c! Mt ngi sng sut c nh ngi. Tr-tu trong sng vng nht nguyt, Thng hiu cc php ca th-gian. May mn chng ti c gp ngi Qua di gt ngc ti hc-ng! Nhng sch m ngi va mi ni, Qu l chng ti cha tng thy. D nhin ngi thng hiu ri!

33. ng lm o-s cho tri, ngi, Chng ti u dm lm gio hc! Ci xin ngi s ch bo cho.[51] Thi t Siddhattha hc v V v thut, khi thi t c khong 12-13 tui, triu thn gii-thiu v-s Kshantideva (Sn- --B) l ngi thng hiu 29 mn v-ngh, dy thi-t. V-s c lnh v thnh, vo yt- kin vua; vua rt vui-v giao cho dy thi-t. u tin v-s biu-din cc mn quyn cho thi-t xem. Thi-t ni: Cc mn ny ti thng hiu ri, khng cn phi hc. Vy cc mn y v-s ch phi dy cho cc vng-t khc thi. Sau v-s em ht ti lc biu-din cc mn b-truyn cho thi-t xem v vt, ci nga, ci voi, li chin xa, s dng cung, kim, trng thng, mc cu Nhng thi-t cng ni: Nhng mn ny ti thng hiu c ri. Ti y v-s bit mnh khng c ti g hn dy, bn lm bi k khen thi-t rng: Thi-t tui th u, Hc hi rt an-nhn, Chng mt bao cng lc, Nhy mt hiu lin. Gp trm ngn k khc, Hc tp bit bao nm, Thnh cng rt t i. V-ngh vi vn-chng, Thi-t vt hn ngi.[52] Thi t Siddhattha cu chim thin nga [53] Ngoi ra thi-t cn t ra c lng t i c bit. Mt hm, thi-t vo khong 12 tui, ang chi ngoi sn th c con chim thin-nga b tn bn trng cnh x xung bn cnh. Thi-t du-dng sn- sc vt thng cho con thin-nga, c mt lc sau th c ngi em c cu l Devadatta (-b-t- a), nh hn thi t mt tui, trn tay cn cm cung tn, n bo rng chnh mnh bn c nn i

34. bt chim thin nga li. Thi-t khng chu tr. Cui cng vic ny c a ra triu nh phn x. Gia triu, Devadatta ni: - Lc con chim thin nga ang bay trn tri th n khng thuc v ca ai c. Nhng chnh ti bn trng con thin nga ri xung t th n tr thnh ca ti. Thi-t bin lun rng: - S sng l iu qu nht trn i, k l s t do. Con chim thin nga ang bay trn tri l biu tng ca s sng v s t do. N khng th tr thnh vt s hu ca ngi bn n. V vy chim thin-nga phi c giao cho ngi bnh vc s sng v s t do cho n ch khng nn giao cho ngi git hi n. Git hi l iu khng nn lm. Do ngi c tm git hi khng c quyn lm ch s sng v s t do ca k khc. Sau khi tho lun mt hi lu, triu thn cho rng thi-t Siddhattha c l. 2- Tui trng-thnh Thi t Siddhattha lp gia nh [54] Lc thi t Siddhattha c 16 tui, vua Suddhodana bn tnh vi triu thn tm ngi v tng lai cho thi t, mong rng vi s rng buc gia nh thi t s b nh xut gia v s tr thnh mt i mang li s v vang cho cho dng h Sakya. Cc v i thn gii thiu nhiu c gi nhan sc v c hnh, nhng vua Suddhodana bo: - Thi t kh tnh lm ! Chng ta phi hi trc xem thi t thch c ngi v nh th no. Vng lnh vua, cc v i thn lin n gp thi t hi kin ngi v vic chn la ngi v tng lai. Siddhattha p: - By ngy na ti s tr li qu v. Ri thi t t ngh: - Ta bit r rng v s au kh u do ham mun, tham i m ra. i dc l ngun gc ca au kh, xch mch, hung d, phin mun, l ly thuc c, l ngn la, l li gm hi ngi. Ta khng cm thy sung sng g khi bn cnh mt ngi n. Ti sao ta li khng chn li sng yn tnh trong rng? tm ta s c an nhn, thnh thi trong ci vui thin nh.

35. Nhng di p lc gia nh v ca mi ngi xung quanh, cui cng thi t nghing v truyn thng gia nh v gc li l tng xut gia. Thi t nh li cc v B-tt trc kia cng u lp gia nh c. Hoa sen thanh tnh khng th lm bn nh. n k hn, thi t ni vi cc v i thn: - Nu phi lp gia nh th ti thch c ngi v o c hn l ch c sc p. Ngi phi diu hin, t thin, chn tht, khng gian xo v ganh t, khng thch se sua, ru ch, c bc v tic tng. Ngi cng phi l mt c du hin, mt b ch tt vi ti t, khng n h thc khuya dy sm. Ngi phi tr p nhng khng t cao. Sau khi nghe cc v i thn thut li li thi t, vua Suddhodana ra lnh cho v gio s B-la- mn trong triu: - Ny ng B-la-mn, ng hy i khp th Kapilavastu, vo tng nh tm nhng c gi c nhng c im m thi t m t, d l con nh qu tc, hay B-la-mn, hay thng gia, hay nng dn cng c. V thi t ch ch trng n c hnh ch khng phn bit giai cp. ng bo cho ta bit tt c nhng c gi . Chng bao lu, ng B-la-mn v bo co vi vua v nhng c gi ng chn cho thi t. Trong s ng ch c bit n cng cha Gopa-Yasodhara (Da-Du--La), cng tui vi thi t Siddhattha, con vua Suppabuddha (Thin Gic Vng), l ngi c y nht nhng c im m thi t Siddhattha nu ra. Nh vua lin cho t chc mt i l pht qu cho nhng c gi ni trn. Trong bui l, tng c gi tr p bc n nhn mt mn n trang qu gi do chnh tay thi t Siddhattha trao cho. Nhng thi t vn thn nhin, khng t ra ch n c no c. Cui cng Yasodhara bc n, i mt trn sng, vui v, diu hin nhn thng vo mt thi t. Thi t Siddhattha hi lng tng v khng cn mn n trang no tng cho c. Yasodhara mm ci ni: - Tha thi t, hnh nh ti c li g nn ngi khng mun tng qu cho ti phi chng? - Tha c, khng phi vy, ch ti c n sau cng thi. Vy c hy nhn mn qu ny. Ni xong, thi t ci chic nhn trong tay mnh ra, trao cho Yasodhara. Nhng Yasodhara ci ni: - Ti khng dm nhn chic nhn ring ca thi t ang dng u? - C c nhn i, y l mn qu mn ca ti tng c m ! - Ti khng dm ! Ti n y khng phi ly mn trang sc ca thi t m chnh l lm mn trang sc cho thi t.

36. Ni xong, Yasodhara rt lui. Siddhattha th ngi nhn theo. Cc v i thn u cho rng thi t Siddhattha ch c bit n Yasodhara. Vua Suddhodana lin c s thn n th Devadaha x Koliya xin cu hn cng cha Yasodhara cho thi t Siddhattha. Nhng vua Suppabuddha gt ngang, cho rng cha ai thy Siddhattha c ti cn g v v thut. Vua Suddhodana rt phin mun v b mt th din. an i cha, thi t Siddhattha vn mn b mt cho cha bit tuy cha bao gi biu din v thut, chng c th tranh ti vi bt c ai. Yn ch, vua Suddhodana ngh vi vua Suppabuddha t chc mt cuc tranh ti v v thut m ngi thng cuc s thnh hn vi Yasodhara. Cuc tranh ti gm ba b mn: u kim, bn cung v u vt. C c thy 500 thanh nin tham d. V u kim, ch c Devadatta c 5 chiu ca thi t Siddhattha, Nanda c 3 chiu, cn my ngi khc ch c 1 2 chiu l cng. V bn cung th c 3 tm bia c dng ln t gn n xa, mi ngi ch c bn mt mi tn vo mi tm bia. Nanda ch bn c mt mi tn trng vo tm im bia gn nht, cn hai mi kia u ra ngoi tm im. Devadatta bn c hai mi tn trng vo tm im bia th nht v bia th nh, mi ngi hoan h nhit lit, nhng n mi th ba th ra ngoi tm im. Nhng ngi khc th c 3 mi tn u sai tm im. n phin thi t Siddhattha, ba ln dng cung, cung u b gy. Thi t hi cha c cy cung no khc chc chn hn khng. Vua Suddhodana bn sai qun cn v vo n th hong thng Sihahanu mang ra mt cy cung tht to v nng, khng ai dng ni. Siddhattha dng cung mt cch nh nhng, bn c 3 mi tn u trng vo tm ca 3 tm bia. Ton th khn gi v tay hoan h nhit lit. n phn u vt, khng ai ch ni Siddhattha. Devadatta 3 ln b h lng chm t. Sau cng thi t chp c 36 thanh nin vo m mnh mt lc, chng chuyn thn lc vung tay ra mt ci, c 36 ngi u ng ln xung t. Devadatta tc gin v ganh t, b v trc. Vua Suddhodana rt vui mng, phn khi, v cao hng sai qun hu l Channa (Xa-Nc) dt con nga chng hung d Kanthaka (Kin-Trc) ra cho mi ngi ci th. Vi thanh nin ci th u b nga ht vng xung t. Siddhattha ngi vng trn lng nga cho n khi con nga chu ng yn. Thi t cho nga chy ba vng sn, ri tr li cho vua Suddhodana v vua Suppabuddha.

37. tn vinh thi t, vua Suddhodana li sai Channa v triu dt con voi trng tt p nht ca mnh ra cho thi t ci v cung. Channa va dt voi ra ti cng thnh th gp Devadatta va v n ni. Devadatta hi: - Ngi dt voi i u? - Tha ngi, ti dt voi ra cho thi t ci v. ang cn nng gin, Devadatta, tay tri nm ly vi voi, tay phi m mnh vo u voi. Con voi to ln ng gc cht lin, nm cht c cng thnh khin ngi qua li khng c. Nanda ti sau, nm vi ko voi ra khi ca thnh. Thi t Siddhattha i trn chin xa[55] lng ly cng va v n ni, thy vy ln ting trch Devadatta v khen ngi Nanda, ri bc xung dng thn lc nhc voi ln nm ra xa mt cu-l-x (trn 500m), khi voi ri xung lm ln t thnh mt ci h ln, n nay cn lu truyn l h voi. Lc by gi thi t Siddhattha c 17 tui, l thnh-hn vi cng cha Yasodhara c t chc v cng long trng. Nhng mt thi-gian sau, nhn thy Yasodhara khng sc quyn r lm cho Siddhattha b nh xut gia, vua Suddhodana li kn thm cho thi-t hai b th phi na l Gopika (C-Di) v Migaranika (Lc-D), ngoi ra cn cc th-n khng k. Nh vua li cho xy ba cung in cho thi-t ty theo thi-tit nng, lnh hay ma[56]. V cuc i nhung la y c Pht k li nh sau: i sng ca ta (lc by gi) tht l t-nh, v cng tinh-vi. Trong hong cung, ch ta , ph hong c o ao, xy nhng m sen. Khi sen xanh ua nhau khoe mu y th sen vn mnh ph sc pha bn kia, v trong m bn cnh sen trng ua nhau khoe v p di nh nng ban mai. Trm hng ca ta dng u l loi thng ho hng t x Kasi[57] a v. Khn v xim o ca ta cng may ton bng hng la bc nht t Kasi ch n. Ngy cng nh m, mi khi ta bc chn ra khi cung in l c tng lng che sng nng. Ph hong cng kin to ring cho ta ba ta cung in. Mt cho ta ma lnh, mt ma nng v mt ma ma. Trong sut bn thng ma ta lu ti mt bit in c y tin-nghi, gia nhng cung tn phi n. Cho n hng n-t ca ph hong cng c n sung mc sng ch khng phi nh cc nh khc, gia-nh ch c n cm xu v thc n c.[58] Vua Suddhodana lm mi cch ngn cn vic xut gia ca thi-t. Va t chc cc tr chi, ca, v, nhc, kch trong cung ni, va t-chc cc cuc b-th, phng sinh, khuyn dn tu thin,

38. va b-tr khng cho thi-t ra khi thnh nhn thy cnh dn i kh, gi, bnh, cht. Thi-t Siddhattha trong hong cung vui-th vi nm cnh dc-lc th gian rng-r mi nm. Thi t Siddhattha nh i nguyn [59] Lc by gi ci tri Tnh-C[60] c mt v Tin (rishi) tn Suddhavasa (Tc-Bnh) thy thi-t vui-th vi nm cnh dc-lc trong hong cung, rng-r 10 nm, mc d tm khng am-m nhng thi-gian thm-thot qua mau khng i ngi, v th ng ng trn h-khng lc canh khuya ln ting ni rng: Hi ngi H-Minh (Vessantara) B-tt, xin ngi hy sm nhm chn cnh i phm- tc m xut gia tu o. Xin ngi ch yn vui vi dc-lc m qun i nguyn cu chng sinh au kh khi cnh sinh, gi, bnh, cht. Ri ng Suddhavasa li c bi k sau y: Hay thay nhn-gi tui cao ri, Mau chng xut gia cho mn nguyn. Sm ban li ch khp tri ngi. Nm cnh dc lc[61] nn nhm chn, Ch m su trn[62] ci i. Ch c xut gia hnh i tr, Tu thin, nh, hu, t Chn-nh[63], Mi mong cu c kh lun-hi. Chng sinh hon-nn nhiu phin-no! Nhn-gi l bc i-y-s Thuyt nhiu php dc cha bnh ngi, Mau chng a ln i thng gic. Chng b v-minh che ti mt, Cng bao t-kin vy rng buc, Khai thng tr-tu c sng ngi, Lm cho tri, ngi, mt ht bnh.

39. Thi-t Siddhattha nhiu i nhiu kip trng cn lnh nn khi nghe trn khng c bi k xong, ngi t bit n lc xut gia tm o. Cng m v Tin Suddhavasa dng thn lc lm cho vua Suddhodana chim bao thy by cnh tng nh sau: 1- Thy l phn ca vua -Thch t ca thnh phng ng bay ra. 2- Thy Thi-t ci con i bch tng i ra cng thnh pha nam. 3- Thy Thi-t ngi trn xe t m t cng thnh pha ty i ra. 4- Thy mt ci xe ln ch rt nhiu chu bo trang-nghim i ra ca bc. 5- Thy Thi-t ng mt con ng ln gia thnh, tay cm di nh vo mt ci trng ln. 6- Thy Thi-t ngi trn lu cao qung chu bu xung v c rt nhiu ngi li ly em i. 7- Thy bn ngoi thnh c su ngi ct ting khc ln, ri vt mnh ln ra t trng rt th thm. Nh vua tnh gic, tm bi-hi lo-s, sai triu ngi on mng vo xem th lnh d th no. Mng-s vo hu vua, nghe vua k xong, suy-ngh hi lu ri tu rng: - Tu B-h! Kh lm, h thn khng hiu thu, xin B-h tha th ! Nh vua ang bun lo th c quan gi ca vo tha: - Tu B-h! Ngoi cng thnh c ngi xin vo on mng hu B-h. - c, cho h vo y. Tin ng Suddhavasa gi lm ngi on mng, vo n ni, nghe vua k xong lin tha rng: - Tu B-h! im th nht l thi-t s xut gia; im th hai l im thi-t s c qu; im th ba l im thi-t c php t v y[64]; th t l im thi-t thnh Pht; th nm l im thi-t chuyn php lun; th su l im thi-t c ba mi by phm php bo[65]; th by l im nhm lc s ngoi o[66] lo bun ku khc. Xin B-h c hoan-h, khng nn lo bun lm g, v ton l nhng im lnh. Ni xong, tin ng Suddhavasa bi t lui ra. Vua Suddhodana nghe xong, trong lng tuy bt lo bun, nhng li ngh cch by thm nhiu th vui tiu-khin trong hong cung thi-t qun ch xut gia.

40. Thi t Siddhattha do chi bn ca thnh Tin ng Suddhavasa mun cho thi-t i chi ra ngoi thnh bit nhng vic xu tt ca i, mc-ch khuyn-khch thi-t chn b nm mn dc-lc[67] chn hong cung. ng gi mt tn qun hu ni chuyn vi thi-t, khen chn sn lm l ni lc th nht ca con ngi. Thi-t nghe ri n xin php vua cha c ra ngoi cc ca thnh do chi. Vua ra lnh sa sang ng x, treo c dng phn trang nghim trn cc no ng thi-t sp i qua. Hm thi-t ngi trn xe vng sng chi cng vi Channa (Xa-Nc) v on qun hu h- tng ra ca thnh pha ng. Dn chng c tp hp hai bn ng ri hoa v hoan-h thi-t. Tin ng Suddhavasa bin hnh lm mt ng lo ngho-nn, lng cng, rng rng ht, i tht-thu, mt ci xung t, hi th ph-pho, u bc nh tuyt, tay chng gy, run ry, khp-khnh i qua trc xe thi-t. Thi-t nhn thy, ngm-ngi hi Channa: - Ngi ny lm sao th? - Tha thi-t, ngi ny l ngi gi. - Gi l g? - Tha thi-t, ngi ta sinh ra lc cn t tui gi l tr. T su mi tui tr ln c-th suy-tn, tc bc da mi, lng cng sn vy, tinh-thn m ti, th ra khng hn ht vo, ch cn ch cht, gi l gi. - Thn ta ri y cng b nh th ? - Vng! Tha thi-t, sang hn tuy khc nhau, c tr tt c gi, nht nh khng ai thot khi cnh gi nua nh ng lo ny. Thi-t sau ny cng th. Thi-t cm thy bun cho thn-phn con ngi, lin bo on ty-tng quy xe tr v cung. Sut my hm lin thi-t trm-ngm suy-ngh mt mnh tm cch thot tng gi kh cho tng lai mnh v tt c chng sinh. Mt hm khc, thi-t li cng vi Channa v on ty-tng ra ca thnh pha nam. Suddhavasa bin thnh mt ngi bnh, thn hnh tiu-ty, run ry, nm trn phn v nc tiu ca mnh bn l ng, rn r thm-thit, hu nh sp cht. Thi-t nhn thy, hi Channa: - Ngi ny sao li nh vy? - Tha thi-t, ngi ny ang cn bnh nng sp cht.

41. - Th no gi l bnh? - Khi thn-th khng c yn-n, hoc b nng, hoc b lnh, hoc b au nhc, thng tn trong ng tng, kh lc bc nhc, tinh thn yu ui, mng sng bp-bnh, gi l bnh. - Ch ring mt ngi ny hay ai ri cng th? - Tha thi-t, khng ring g ngi ny u, tt c tri, ngi, cho n mun vt, khng ai thot khi bnh hon. - Nh vy chnh thn ta y ri cng th ! Thi-t bun-b ra lnh quy xe tr v cung. Sut my hm lin thi-t trm-ngm suy-ngh mt mnh tm cch gii-thot khi cnh gi, bnh cho mnh v tt c chng sinh. Mt hm khc, thi-t li cng vi Channa v on ty-tng ra ca thnh pha ty. Suddhavasa bin thnh mt xc cht nm bn v ng, bt u snh-n, hi thi, rui nhng bu quanh, trng rt gh tm. Thi-t kinh-ngc hi Channa: - Ny Channa, ngi ny sao li nh vy? - Tha thi-t, y l ci xc cht ang ch thn nhn ha tng! - Sao li gi l xc cht? - Tha thi-t, con ngi hoc b bnh nng, hoc b thng-tch cc ni him-yu, hn la khi xc, c-th khng cn mt cht sinh-lc, chng khc g g , b li cha, m, v, con, h-hng, sau khi ha tng thn-th s ch cn li mt ng tro tn. - Chnh thn ta ri y cng li nh th sao? - Tha thi-t, tt c cc sinh vt cho n cc bc vua cha u khng trnh khi ci cht. Thi-t bun-b ra lnh quy xe tr v cung. Sut my ngy lin, thi-t trm-ngm suy-ngh mt mnh tm cch gii-thot khi cc tng kh gi, bnh, cht cho mnh v tt c chng sinh. t lu sau thi-t li cng vi Channa v on ty-tng ra ca thnh pha bc. Suddhavasa ln ny ha thn lm mt v sa-mn[68] mc o c-sa, tc ru nhn-nhi, trang-nghim trm-tnh, v mt thanh-thot, chn bc khoan-thai, tay cm bt i kht thc bn v ng. Thi-t ngm nhn mt hi, cht nh li kip xa, lin xung xe, n trc v sa-mn nh-l ri hi: - Tha ngi sa-mn, xut gia nh ngi th c li ch g?

42. - Tha thi-t, ti nhn thy con ngi ti gia lun-lun b au-kh v sinh, gi, bnh, cht, tt c cc php th-gian u v thng, bi-hoi, khng an, nn ti la gia-nh, thn-tc, n ch an- nhn, thanh-vng, cu thot ch kh-no y. Ti tu-tp o v-lu[69] gii-thot, iu phc nm gic quan[70], khng cho sa-ng vo nm cnh dc-lc[71] ca th-gian, pht tm t-bi ban nhng php v-y[72] cho i, v gi tm bnh-ng h-nim[73] chng sinh khng b -nhim bi cc php th-gian, c o gii-thot. l mc-ch xut-gia ca ti. Thi-t nghe xong trong lng hoan-h, t ngh rng: Trong ton ci nhn thin, c l ch c li tu xut-gia ny l hn ht . Thi-t lin gic t hu quy xe tr v thnh. Chiu hm thi-t ngi trm-ngm suy-ngh: Chnh thn ta phi chu sanh, g, bnh, cht, phin-no v -nhim. Ti sao mi ngi vn mi-m chy theo nhng ci m bn cht u v-thng nh vy. V phi chu sanh, gi, bnh, cht, phin-no v -nhim, ta nhn thc c s tai-hi ca nhng iu y. Hay ta th i tm ci cha ai thnh t, ci chn-l tuyt-i, ci hnh-phc ti thng ca cnh nit-bn [74]. Ri thi-t li ngh: i sng ti gia tht t-tng cht-hp, l ch n-nu ca bi trn -trc, phin- no v rng-buc. Ch c xut gia mi c th c c mt i sng an-tnh, thong-dong, t-ti [75]. Thi t Siddhattha xin php xut gia Sng hm sau, cng-cha Yasodhara, ang mang thai sp n ngy sanh, v mt mt-mi, va thc gic vi ni vi thi-t rng: - Tha thi-t, hi hm em trn-trc mi ng khng c, n khi va chp mt th chim bao thy 20 im chng lnh nh sau: Em thy qu t lay-ng, l phn ca vua -Thch vng xung t, cc ngi sao trn tri ri-rng, mt cy lng ln trong thnh b Channa ly i, v cn ct tc em mang i nt, nhng xu chui anh-lc trn mnh em b ri mt c, thn hnh em bng tr nn xu-x, chn tay t nhin ri-rng, v thn th la-l, ngi ln gh th gh sp cng, nm ln ging th ging gy chn, li thy nhng ni ln sp , trong thnh nhng cy c-th gy ng ngn-ngang, mt trng mt nh sng, mt tri mt tinh quang, trong thnh nhng ngn uc chy sng u hng ra ngoi, thn h thnh ku khc, thnh Kapilavastu bin thnh ni hoang-vng, hoa qu trong vn u ri-rng, cc trng-s h-v chy tn-lon. Theo em ngh th 20 im c-mng ny c l l im em sp cht, hay l thi-t sp dt tnh n-i b em m i hay sao? - y ch l do cng-cha lo-s ti i xut-gia[76] thi. Song gic mng ny ch l nhng im lnh, khng c g ng lo ngi, cng-cha c yn tm, khng nn phin-no lm chi cho mt tinh-thn.[77]

43. - Tha thi t, em sp n ngy sanh n, con ca chng ta sp cho i, c th l mt hong nam. Xin thi t oi ngh n m con em s phi sng i hiu qunh bun thm ni hong cung nu khng c thi t bn cnh. Xin thi t hy li vi em v con, ng i xut gia. - Cng cha i[78], c bao gi nng nhn thy mt ng c hay mt b lo 80, hay 90, hay 100 tui khng? Lng h cng xung nh mt mi nh sp sp , tay rung ry chng gy, dng i khp- khnh nh sp ng xung bt c lc no, tui tr i vi h ch cn l mt k nim xa vi, rng gy xu-xo, la tha vi si tc bc trn u, da nhn nheo nh tri mp kh ! C bao gi nng ngh n mt ngy kia chnh nng cng s phi chu cnh gi nua nh vy, khng th no trnh khi khng? Cng cha i, c bao gi nng nhn thy mt ngi n ng hay mt ngi n b au yu bnh hon, phi chu on-oi trn phn v nc tiu ca chnh mnh khng? C ngi cn c ngi khc chm sc, c ngi th khng c ai chm sc c ! C bao gi nng ngh n mt ngy kia chnh nng cng s phi chu cnh au yu bnh hon nh vy, khng th no trnh khi khng? Cng cha i, c bao gi nng nhn thy xc ca mt ngi n ng hay mt ngi n b, mt hai hay ba ngy sau khi cht, snh trng, nt n, hi thi, rc r khng? C bao gi nng ngh n mt ngy kia chnh nng cng s phi chu cnh cht chc thm thng nh vy, khng th no trnh khi khng? - Thi thi, thi t ng ni n nhng cnh tng ng gh s nh th na, s c nh hng khng tt n con ca chng ta. - Ny cng cha, ta mun xut gia chnh l c tm ra phng thc thot khi nhng cnh au kh trong sinh, gi, bnh, cht, sanh t lun hi cho chnh ta, cho nng, cho con chng ta, v cho tt c chng sanh ang m mui chm m trin min trong bin kh sanh sanh t t. n khi thnh cng ta s tr v y cu nng, cu con v tt c mi ngi. Nng nn can m li ch ta, ng ngn cn ta. Cng cha Yasodhara nm p mt xung ging tht-tht khc. Vi hm sau thi-t vo gp vua cha xin php i xut gia: - Knh ly Ph-vng, lng con m ngy mun xut gia tm o gii-thot, knh xin Ph-vng hoan-h cho con c toi nguyn.

44. - Thi-t con! Cha rt thng yu con nn cha khng nh lng no thy con tr thnh k n xin khng nh khng ca, ba i ba no, ry y mai . Hn na cha mong con sau ny s ni ngi vua cai tr thin h. Con ng i u ht, c li y vi cha, ri con mun g cha cng chiu con. - Nh Ph-vng mun cho con li th xin Ph-vng ban cho con bn iu ny: Mt l lm sao cho con tr mi khng gi; hai l lm sao cho con mnh kho hoi khng bnh; ba l lm sao cho con sng hoi khng cht; bn l lm sao cho con hc c o gii-thot cu chng sanh khi nhng thng-kh i. - Ny con yu qu, c theo bn iu con xin th chnh cha y cng khng c, lm sao cha ban cho con c ! Sau khi thi-t ly t lui ra, vua Suddhodana bun ru hp tt c nhng ngi thn-tn trong hong cung li, ni rng: - Thi-t va li y xin php i xut gia. Nu ta ng cho i th sau ny khng c ngi ti tr k v, vy ai c -kin g hay gi thi-t li hong cung chng? - Tu i-vng, quan Tng-binh ni, h-thn s t 500 binh-s hng-trng khe mnh thay phin nhau ngy m canh gc ti mi ca thnh, v thm 500 binh-s tinh-nhu tun-hnh ngy m trn mt thnh, th chc-chn khng th no thi-t ln ra khi thnh c. - Tu Hong-thng, Hong-hu Pajapati ni, thn thip s tng-cng thm cc th-n xinh p nht trong hong cung ngy m hu-h thi-t, va gip vui bng cc tr chi, ting n, ging ht, va trng chng thi-t. - Cc khanh rng cn-thn, vua ni, ta s trng thng. Mt hm, thi t Siddhattha ang i do chi trong mt cng vin ngoi thnh, gp lc tri nng tt, thi t xung h nc trong xanh gia nhng hng cy cao vt tm cho mt. Trong lc ang k c, bng nghe ting vua tri ao-Li l Sakka Indra vng vng bn tai: - Hi ngi H-Minh B-tt, thi k xut gia n, ngi ch nn chn ch na, chng sanh au kh trin min ang cn ngi cu . Nghe xong, thi t Siddhattha thy lng hng hi phn khi. Va lc y c qun hu mang lnh vua n bo cng cha Yasodhara va sanh hong nam. Thi t vui mng ln lng nga phng nhanh v thnh. Lc thi t hn hoan i ngang qua, c Kisa Gotami ng trn lu nhn thy lin ct ting ht:

45. - Hnh phc thay c lm cha, Hnh phc thay c lm m, Hnh phc thay c lm v Ca mt chng trai nh th. Trong lc ang vui mng phn khi, thi t Siddhattha lin qunh nga li, nm tng nng xu chui ngc eo c ca chng tr gi mt trm ngn ng tin vng, ri tip tc v hong cung. Thi t cht ngh: Ai ai cng mong c hnh phc, nhng hnh phc th gian v thng, sanh, gi, bnh, cht ny tht chng tn phai; lm th no c c Hnh-Phc Chn-Tht Vnh-Cu? Ch thch cho cc phn I, II, III [1] Kip c 2 ngha: 1- T lc sanh ra n lc cht (ngha thng); 2- Kip (kalpa) = 432 triu nm. [2] Xem i Chnh Tn Tu i Tng Kinh 154, 190, 200; Khuddaka-nikaya 10. [3] Cc kip hin ti tn Hin (Bhadra kalpa), cc kip qu kh tn Trang-Ngim (Vyuha kalpa), cc kip v-lai tn Tinh-T (Naksatra kalpa). [4] Trc c Pht Sakyamuni c 24 v Pht sau y: Dipankara, Kondanna, Mangala, Sumana, Revata, Sobhita, Anomadassi, Paduma, Narada, Padumuttara, Sumedha, Sujata, Piyadassi, Atthadassi, Dhammadassi, Siddhattha, Tissa, Phussa, Vipassin, Sikhin, Vessabhu, Kakucchandha, Konagamana v Kassapa. [5] Mi thnh hnh l H-x ty thun, T-bi li-ch chng sanh, Nhn-nhc, Tinh-tn dng cm, Chn-tht, ba nghip Thanh-tnh, Thin-nguyn y , tm Bnh-ng, nh-lc y , Tr- hu sng sut. [6] Th k l li tin on khuyn khch ngi tu nn vng tm bn ch t n kt qu. [7] Xem Chnh Tng K. Theo Pht Hc T in ca on Trung Cn th H-Minh l Prabhapala; theo quyn The Life of The Buddha ca A. Foucher, trang 18, th H-Minh l Svetaketu; trc khi xut gia l thi t Visvantara (Vessantara), trang 35. Theo The Life of Buddha as Legend and History ca Edward J Thomas, trang 99, th H-Minh l Vessantara.

46. [8] Theo kinh Trng-A-Hm, mc S-i-Bn-Duyn, th ci Ta-B ny c 6 v Pht ra i trc c Pht Thch-Ca-Mu-Ni. Thuc kip Trang-Nghim c cc v Pht T-B-Thi (Vipassin), Thi-Kh (Sikhin) v T-X-Ph (Visvabhu, Vessabhu). Thuc kip Hin c cc v Pht Cu-Lu-Tn (Kakucchandha), Cu-Na-Hm (Konagamana) v Ca-Dip (Kassapa), ri n Thch- Ca-Mu-Ni (Sakyamuni). [9] Php-tng c ba l nh tng (Samatha), Hu tng (Vibhasa, T-b-x-na), X tng (Upeksa, u-tt-xoa). Tu tam php tng tc l tu nh, tu hu v tu x. B-tt tu Tam Php Tng s c V-tng Nit-bn. [10] Ba ng c: a-ngc, ng-qu, sc-sanh. [11] Thin Long Bt B : Tri (Deva), Rng (Naga), D-xoa (Yaksa), A-tu-la (Asura), Ca-lu-la (Garuda), Cn-tht-b (Gandharva), Khn-na-la (Kimnara), Ma-hu-la-gi (Mahoraga). [12] Theo trong kinh th x Sakya thuc chu Nam-Dim-Ph- gia ci Ta-B th-gii. [13] Xem The Life of Buddha as Legend and History ca Edward J. Thomas, trang 1-15; T in Pht Hc Hu Quang, ch Cam-Gi Vng; Mahavastu; Pht S Hnh Tn 1; Trng A-Hm 13; Chng Ha Ma-ha-; i Lu Thn; Lut Ng Phn 15. [14] Ayodhya cn gi l Saketa, hin nay l tn thnh ph nm gia ng t thnh ph Lucknow n thnh ph Gorakhpur. [15] Xem T in Pht Hc Hu Quang; Kinh i Nht 5; Kinh i Khng Tc Ch Vng h; Thch Ca Ph 1; Thai Tng Gii Tht Tp h. [16] Thin sanh : nh c cn lnh nn sanh ra. [17] Cam gi : sanh ra trong vn ma. Cam gi l cy ma. [18] Nht chng : nh hp th nh sng mt tri nn sanh ra. [19] Xem kinh Dasaratha-Jataka; The Life of Buddha as Legend and History, trang 9-11. [20] Xem The Life of Buddha as Legend and History, trang 8; Mahavastu. [21] Xem T in Pht Hc Hu Quang, ch Cam-Gi Vng. [22] Xem T in Pht Hc Hu Quang, ch Cam-Gi Vng. [23] Xem T in Pht Hc Hu Quang, ch Cam-Gi Vng.

47. [24] Tng Hi Pht-gio Th-gii (World Fellowship of Buddhists), nm 1950 ti Colombo, xc nhn c Pht nhp nit-bn nm 544 trc ty lch, lc ngi c 80 tui. T suy ra nm sanh ca c Pht l 624 trc ty lch. n nm -623 Pht c 1 tui. Mun tnh nm Pht lch th ly nm dng lch cng thm 544. V d: dng lch nm 2000 tng ng vi Pht lch nm 2544. [25] Lumbini hin nay thuc x Nepal, cch thnh ph Sonauli bin gii 27 km. [26] Nhm ngy rm thng t m-lch nm Bnh Thn. C ti liu cho rng lc c Pht n- sanh, nc Trung-Hoa vo thi-i nh Chu, vua Chiu-Vng nm th 24, tc nm Gip-Dn. Quan Thi-s l T-Do tu rng: Tu B-H, Ty phng c bc i thnh ra i, sau y khong mt ngn nm, gio-l ca ngi s truyn-b n x ta. Nh vua cho ngi khc vo bia chn Nam-Giao lm tin. (Xem S tch Pht ging th, dch-gi Ha thng Thch Trung-Qun, trang 18). Ghi ch: nm Gip Dn l nm -667, khng ng vi nhn nh ca Tng Hi Pht Gio Th Gii. [27] Theo ti liu ca Trung Tm Du Lch x Nepal nm 2003 th Kapilavastu hin nay l lng Tilaurakot, thuc x Nepal, cch Lumbini 30 km v hng ty-bc. Nhng theo ti liu ca Nha Du- lch n xut bn nm 1999 th Kapilavastu hin nay l lng Piprahwa, thuc x n, cch thnh ph Sonauli 66 km v hng ty-nam, v cch thnh ph Siddharthanaga 18 km v hng ng. Theo quyn The Buddha And His Teachings ca NARADA th Kapilavastu xa kia nay l Bhuila hay Bhulya thuc qun Basti, cch Bengal 5km v nm vo hng ty-bc nh ga xe la Babuan. [28] Xem Majjhima-nikaya 123; Digha-nikaya 14. Con voi trng tng trng cho mt v B-tt, su ng tng trng cho lc , hoa sen ln trong bng voi tng trng cho tm i bi thanh tnh. [29] C kinh ghi l hoa Ba-la-xoa hay Song-long-th, ting Phn l sla, tn khoa hc l Shorea robusta. C 2 loi cy V-u (asoka) v Ba-la-xoa (sla) u mc rt nhiu ti n- v hoa ca c hai u thng c dng cng kin. [30] Hong hu Maya sanh thi t trong lc ang ng vn cnh cy. [31] Theo kinh Trng A-Hm, quyn 1, phn 1 (S i bn duyn) : Khi hong-hu a tay phi ln nh hi hoa V-u th ch thin nhn thy thi-t t hng phi xut hin bc xung t, thn ngi tinh khit thanh tnh, tc th ci t rung ng, ho quang chiu khp ni. c Pht hi ng khng cn ngi , bc i by bc v hng ng (c kinh ni l hng bc), nhn khp mi phng, ri a tay ln tri ni rng : . Ch thin vui mng bit ng cu th va ra i lin ku gi nhau n chim bi, tu nhc, ri hoa cng dng. c gi nn lu y l ci thy ca

48. ch thin, khng phi ci thy ca ngi th gian: Chng sanh ty theo nhn cn v nghip lc m nhn thy cnh vt khc nhau. Ch thin c thin nhn nn nhn thy thn thc c Pht th hin n sanh t hng phi bc xung t ri bc i 7 bc Nhng ngi thng, vi cp mt phm tc, ch nhn thy bo thn c Pht th hin n sanh nh mt em b thng thng, trong hon cnh hon ton tt p. [32] Theo kinh Trng A-Hm, quyn 1, phn 1 (S i bn duyn) : Khi sanh do hng bn mt ca m m ra , tc th c hai sui nc, mt nng mt lnh, t nhin di t tung ra, cng dng tm ra cho B-tt. Cng c tc truyn rng lc c Pht va mi sanh c hai con rng phun ra mt vi nc nng v mt vi nc lnh tm Pht, lm thnh h nc Puskarini cn n ngy nay. [33] Piyadasina l vng hiu ca vua Asoka, tr v t nm -264 n nm -227. Vua n chim bi thnh a Lumbini vo nm -244, sau cuc Kit tp Kinh in ln th 3 ti Pataliputta. [34] Theo quyn Buddha and the Gospel of Buddhism, trang 5; quyn The Life of Buddha as Legend and History, trang 33. [35] Nalaka (hay Naradatta) lc by gi c 10 tui, v sau xut gia theo Pht c qu A-la- hn, c tn khc l Maha-Kaccana (Ma-ha Ca-Chin-Din). [36] Xem Sutta-nipata / Maha-vagga / Nalaka-sutta. [37] Xem quyn Buddhism in Translation ca Waren, trang 49, v Ch Gii Tc-Sanh-Truyn. [38] Ba mi hai tng tt (lakkhana) : 1- Bn chn bng phng y n ; 2- Di bn chn c du ch nh bnh xe, r rng ti thm ; 3- C mn li mng gia k ngn tay ngn chn, nh chn ngng cha ; 4- Tay chn mm mi nh o tri ; 5- Ngn tay ngn chn thon di ; 6- Gt chn y n ; 7- Bng nh bng nai, trn di thng thn ; 8- Cc khp xng mc ly nhau chc chn nh hai khoen xch ; 9- Nam cn n kn vo trong ti da ; 10- ng thng tay dui di qu gi ; 11- Mi l chn lng ch c mt lng sc lu ly xanh bic xoay v pha hu ; 12- Lng xoay pha hu, sc xanh bic rt p ; 13- Thn mu vng rng ; 14- Da tht mn mng khng dnh bi nh ; 15- Hai vai ngang bng, y n, trn p ; 16- Gia ngc c ch vn ; 17- Thn cao gp i ngi thng ; 18- By ch (tht khiu) trong ngi y n, khng su hoy nh ngi thng ; 19- Thn cao rng nh cy ni-cu- ; 20- Hai m nh s t ; 21- Ngc vung y nh ngc s t ; 22- C 40 ci rng ; 23- Rng ngang bng t chnh ; 24- Rng kht nhau khng h ; 25- Rng trng trong ; 26- Yt hu

49. thanh sch, n thc g cng thy ngon ; 27- Li rng di c th lim ti mp tai ; 28- Ting ni trong tro vang xa ; 29- Mt mu xanh bic ; 30- Mt nh mt tru cha, m trn m di cng nhy mt ln ; 31- C lng trng gia hai chn my, mn thm, ko ra di mt tm, th ra th xon li v pha hu ; 32- Trn nh u c bu tht ni cao. (Xem kinh Trng A-hm, quyn 1, phn 1; kinh i-Bt Nit-Bn, phm 23 S t hng b-tt; Majjhima-nikaya / Brahmana-vagga / Brahmayu- sutta). [39] Tm mi v p (anuvyanjana) l cc im ph cho 32 tng tt. Khng k ra y v qu di. [40] ng Kondanna l mt trong 5 ngi theo Pht tu kh hnh v c nghe thi php u tin ca Pht ti Lc-Uyn, Sarnath. [41] Theo kinh Trng A-hm, phm S i Bn Duyn, v kinh Lalitavistara th l thng l ca ch Pht n sanh. [42] Theo The Life of Buddha as Legend and History, trang 31, th hong hu Maya sanh v cung tri u-sut (Tusita). [43] B Pajapati t mnh chm sc Siddhattha nh con rut. Qua nm sau b sanh hong t Nanda. [44] Xem i Chnh Tn Tu i Tng Kinh 187, 190, 192; Lalitavistara, XI. [45] Cy ni-cu- (nigrodha) l mt loi cy cao ln (25m) m ht nh ging nh ht cy dng-liu. Thi-t ang ngi m vn cy ni-cu- gn thnh Kapilavastu. Sau khi thnh Pht tr v, ngi cng ng ti y thuyt php gio-ha nhng ngi dng Sakya v dn chng. Theo kinh Lalitavistara v kinh Majjhima Nikaya th thi t ngi di cy Jambu (hng to, red apple tree, pommier rouge). [46] Ch l dt tr phin no v vng-tng, Qun l tm chn-l. l 2 phng-php thin-nh. [47]Sotapanna l qu v Tu--hon, cn gi l D-lu. (tnh t) l thuc qu Tu--hon. [48] Xem S Tch Pht Ging Th ca Ha thng Thch Trung-Qun, trang 34.

50. [49] Brahmana (Phn th), Nighandu (T ng), Sokkharappabhedana (Ng hc), Itihasa (S truyn), Veyyakarana (Vn php), Rigveda v Atharvaveda l hai kinh thng dng nht trong b kinh Veda. [50] Theo The Life of Buddha as Legend and History, trang 46-47, trch t kinh Lalitavistara, th thi t Siddhartha hi thy Visavamitra mun dy vit mu t no, ri thi t cm bng vit ra 64 mu t. Mi ln vit ra mt mu t, thi t lin c mt bi k ging v o l khi u bng mu t y. [51] on ny trch trong S Tch Pht Ging Th ca Ha-thng Thch Trung-Qun, trang 27-28. [52] Xem S Tch Pht Ging Th ca Ha-thng Thch Trung-Qun, trang 29-30. [53] Xem i Chnh Tn Tu i Tng Kinh 186, 190; Lalitavistara; Buddhacarita. [54] Xem The Life of The Buddha ca A. Foucher, trang 58 66; The Life of Buddha as Legend and History, trang 48-50; kinh Lalitavistara. [55] Chin xa: xe do nga ko ra trn thi xa. [56] Xem Anguttara-nikaya / Nipata 1. [57] X Kasi lc by gi ni ting c nhiu t la tt. Th- ca Kasi l Benares, hin nay tn Varanasi, cch Sarnath 10 km v pha nam. X Kasi lc by gi l thuc vo vng quc Kosala. [58] Xem Anguttara-nikaya / Nipata 1; The Buddha and his Teachings, trang 7. [59] Xem S Tch Pht Ging Th ca Ha thng Thch Trung-Qun, trang 43-44. [60] Ng Tnh-C Thin l 5 cnh tri thuc Sc-gii, gm c: 1- V-Phin thin (Aviha). 2- V- Nhit thin (Atapa). 3- Thin-Kin thin (Sudassana). 4- Thin-Hin thin (Sudassa). 5- Sc-Cu- Cnh thin (Akanittha). Nhng v c qu A-na-hm hoc T-thin c th sanh ln mt trong nm cnh Tnh-C thin (Suddhavasa). [61] Nm cnh dc lc l ti, sc, danh, thc, thy (ti li, sc dc, danh vng, n ung, ng ngh). [62] Su trn l sc, thanh, hng, v, xc, php (). [63] Chn nh l Pht tnh, chn-l ti thng.

51. [64] T v y (Cattari vesarajjani) l 4 s t tin, an n, khng lo s: 1- Nht thit tr v y, 2- Lu tn v y, 3- Thuyt chng o v y, 4- Thuyt chnh o v y. [65] 37 phm php bo: T nim x, t chnh cn, t nh tc, ng cn, ng lc, tht gic chi, bt chnh o. [66] Lc s ngoi o: 6 gio phi ni ting vo thi Pht ti th. [67] Nm mn dc lc l tin ti, sc dc, danh li, n ung, ng ngh. [68] Sa-mn: Ting Phn l Sramana, ting Pali l Samanna, c ngha l ngi sing lm iu thin, dt b nghip c, co ru tc, mc o c-sa, sng bng cch xin n, ch n trc hoc trong gi ng, ng di gc cy. [69] V lu (anasava) l thanh-tnh, khng cn phin no, khng cn ti sanh vo 3 ng c. [70] Nm gic quan l mt, tai, mi, li, thn. [71] Nm cnh dc lc l sc, thanh, hng, v, xc; hoc ti, sc, danh, thc, thy. [72] V y (vesarajja, abhaya) l t tin, khng cn s phi ri vo cnh kh. [73] H nim l hng dn, gip ngi khc suy ngh tm ra chn l v hnh phc. [74] Majjhima Nikaya (Trung B), kinh s 26 Ariyapariyesana-sutta. [75] Majjhima Nikaya (Trung B), kinh s 36 Mahasaccaka-sutta. [76] Xut gia (nekkhamma): xa la i sng th tc sng i tu s. [77] Xem S Tch Pht Ging Th ca Ha thng Thch Trung-Qun, trang 55. [78] Xem Anguttara-Nikaya III. 35.

52. CUC I C PHT THCH CA MU NI (Theo bn hiu-chnh ngy 21/05/2005) Son gi: Minh-Thin Trn-Hu-Danh Vi s khuyn khch v gip ca hin ni: Diu-Xun Nguyn-th Bch-Mai o0o PHN IV THI GIAN XUT GIA HC O T nm 29 tui n nm 35 tui. 1- Ra i (nm -595) Nm 595 trc ty lch, thi-t Siddhattha c 29 tui[1]. Cng cha Yasodhara va h sanh hong nam duy nht l Rahula[2] c by ngy. Sau ba tic linh-nh mng chu ni ch tn ca vua cho i, m qu khuya, mi ngi u mi-mt. Vua tri -Thch l Sakka Indra[3] dng thn lc lm cho tt c quan qun v th-n ng say m, nm ngn-ngang khp mi ni. Ring thi- t cm thy bn-khon khng ng c, t ngh nn nhn c-hi c mt khng hai ny ra i. Ngi im lng ng nhn cng-cha Yasodhara v Rahula ln cui cng t-gi. Hai m con nm bn nhau to nn mt hnh-nh m-cng chan-ha tnh thng thing-ling, cao-c, ngy-th, nng-nn, m-du lm thi-t xc-ng, chn chn. Thi-t cht nh n sng m, b kh v b-bn ca chng sinh phi chu trong v lng kip, ngi lin bc vi ra ngoi gi Channa: - Channa, ngi mau dt nga Kanthaka n y cho ta. - Tha thi-t, by gi qu na m, ngi dng nga lm g? - Thi ti, ta i xut gia tm o, ngi ch cn ta, khng c tri ta. Channa run s, ln dt nga ti. Thi-t va ln mnh nga th tri t rung chuyn su ln. Channa ch kp bm ly ui nga th bn ng Thin-vng[4] bay xung cm bn chn nga bay vt qua thnh, ti ch o-s Bhargava (Bt-Gi hay Bt-ca-b) tu kh hnh th p xung. m rng ngy mng 8 thng 2[5] nm Bnh Dn (-595), thi-t Siddhattha v Channa thy mnh ang bn kia b sng Anoma[6], cch thnh Kapilavastu 36 dm (58 km) v hng ty nam[7], gn lng Anupiya, thuc x Malla. Thi-t rt gm ct tc va pht nguyn: Ti ct b m tc ny pht nguyn on ht phin-no v tp-chng . Vua Tri -Thch (ao Li) l Sakka Indra lin a vt o hng tc ca ngi ri bay v thin cung xy thp cng dng. Thi-t li thm ngh: Cn tm

53. o bo ny ta cng phi thay i mi thnh tng xut gia. Sakka Indra bit lin ha lm ngi i sn, tay cm cung tn, mnh mc o c-sa vng i ti. Thi-t nhn thy hi rng: - Ti sao ng mc o ca ngi tu-hnh m i lm vic git hi nh vy? - Tha ngi, ti mc o ny cho my con hu nhn thy khng b chy. Nh vy ti mi sn c nhiu. - ng mc o thy tu m lm vic st hi tht khng nn. Cn ti mun xut gia cu gii-thot m cha c o tu-s. Vy ng nn i o vi ti i. Sakka Indra thnh knh ci o c-sa dng thi-t. Thi-t cng ci o bo i cho. Thi-t hoan- h mc o c-sa xong[8], uy dung t nhin ci bin, thm ngh: T y ta tht c hnh tng xut gia . Trc khi t-gi[9], thi-t n-tn ni vi Channa: Ny Channa, ta thy ngi th gian, thn tuy xa nhau m khi tm hp nhau th tm h vn theo nhau. Cng c ngi thn tuy gn nhau m tm khng hp nhau th tm h vn xa cch nhau. Ta la b cung in ngai vng ch c mt mnh ngi theo ta ti y. Ta s li ni nhn vng ny tm o, cn ngi hy mang cc trang-phc ca ta v dng ln Ph-vng v tu rng: Tu B-h, i vi cc s tn-vinh, quyn-th v lc-th i, Thi-t khng ngh n, khng mong mun, cng khng cu sinh ln cc ci tri hng nm mn dc-lc, v cng khng phi bt hiu, gin-hn, m chnh v thy chng-sinh lm ng lc no, khng bit con ng chnh, chm ni trong vng sinh t lun hi, nn Thi-t nguyn xut gia tm phng-php gii-cu cho h. Ci xin B-h ch bun v Thi-t. Nu Ph-vng ni ta cn t tui, cha nn xut gia, th ngi tu rng: Tu B-h, mng ngi v-thng khng c hn-nh tui, c ai l ngi chc n gi mi cht. Ngi tha vi d ta rng: Ngi ta sinh ra i, n-i c ngy bit-ly, ta v mun on-tr nhng mi au-kh nn i xut gia hc o, xin b ng thng nh lm chi m sinh su kh. Ngi cng nn ni vi cc cng-cha rng ta mun ph b ci mn v-minh, nguyn thnh ngi chnh-gic ri s tr v a dt mi ngi ln ng gii-thot. Channa nghe xong bi cho thi-t, nc mt m-a, ln nga tr v thnh. Channa v n hong cung; hong-hu Pajapati, cng-cha Yasodhara v hai b phi Gopika v Migaranika, cng cc th-n nhn thy Channa v m khng thy thi-t u lo-lng hi: - Thi-t by gi u? - Tha hong-hu, thi-t la b nm mn dc-lc cu o gii-thot. Hin ngi ang ni sn lm, mc o c-sa, ct b ru tc, thnh ngi xut gia. Xin hong-hu hoan-h!

54. - Ta c ph g ngi, hong-hu ni, sao ngi li dm thi-t mt mnh ni sn lm lnh- lo y c th, c trng, ly g bo-m tnh-mng cho thi-t? - Tha b, thi-t bt con tr v trnh b nhng mn trang-phc ny v xin b c an tm, ng lo bun g, chng bao lu thi-t c qu chnh-gic s tr v. - Nh ngi v c lm hi ta, cng cha Yasodhara ni, ngi cn tr v y lm chi na? - Tha b, thi-t vt thnh xut gia l do sc thn-thng ca ch thin lm cho mi ngi ng say, ri bn ng Thin-vng xung nm bn chn nga bay ln tri m i, ch con y ch l k theo hu m thi. Xin b tha-th. Nhng m hay lm, qu lm! Khi thi-t bay qua thnh t nhin c ho-quang sng chi c tri t. Tht l k l! V n hong cung, nga Kanthaka v cng bun b, b n my ngy ri ng ln ra cht, vng sanh ln cung tri ao-li (Tavatimsa). Thi-t Siddhattha, by gi tr thnh sa-mn Gotama, li b sng Anoma by ngy, vui th tnh-ta gia cnh u-tch ca ni rng, gn thnh ph Anupiya ca x Malla. Ni y v tn sa-mn c dp quan-st li tu kh-hnh ca nhm ng Bhargava (Bt-Gi). Cc ng o-s kh-hnh ny che thn hoc bng l, hoc bng c, hoc bng v cy kt li; khi n th dng cc th cy, c, hoa,qu, c ng n mi ngy mt ba, hoc hai ngy, ba ngy mt ba; c ng th thn nc, thn la, c ng th mt tri, mt trng; c ng ng mt chn sut ngy, c ng a hai tay ln tri sut ngy, c ng nm trn chng gai, hoc nm gn bn ng la, hoc m nc. Sa-mn Gotama (C-m) hi: - Cc ng tu kh hnh nh vy cu iu g? - Chng ti mong sau khi cht s c sanh ln cc ci tri hng phc. - c sanh ln cc ci tri, sa-mn Gotama ni, tuy vui th tht, nhng khi ht phc cng li b a-lc, sinh t lun hi trong su ng[10]; kt cuc cng b kh trong sanh t lun hi. Ti mun tm cch tu no tr ht ci cn-bn kh . Tho-lun n ti cng khng ai tm c phng-php no hay. Sa-mn Gotama bn xin t gi tip-tc con ng tm o. ng Bhargava thy sa-mn Gotama c tng tt v ch ln lin bo: - Ny o-hu, cch y khong 120 dm v hng ng nam, gn th Vesali ca x Vajji (Bt-k), c mt v o-s rt ni ting, o-c su-rng, ti hc cao minh, tn l Alara-Kalama (A- la-la Ca-lam)[11] c n 300 -t. Vy o-hu nn n m-lun th xem. Sa-mn Gotama cm n ng Bhargava ri ln ng tm n o-s Alara-Kalama.

55. Vua Suddhodana sau khi hay tin thi-t vt thnh xut gia th m ngy thng nh, lng d ho-hon. Ngi triu-tp qun-thn m lun ri sai quan Thi-s cm u mt nhm vn-thn i mi thi-t v hong cung. Trong nhm c nm vng-tn dng Sakya[12] l cc ng Kondanna (Kiu-trn-nh), Bhaddiya (Bt-), Dasabala-Kassapa (Thp-lc-Ca-dip) cn gi l Vappa (B-s- ba), Mahanama-Kulika (Ma-ha-nam Cu-l), Assaji (t-b, A-x-du). Phi on n khu rng bn b sng Anoma, gp o-s Bhargava, hi rng: - Tha o-s, thi-t Siddhattha ri thnh i xut gia c ti y khng? - Tha qu ngi, c mt ng-t ti y m o cng chng ti, nhng hin gi c l ang ni v o-s Alara-Kalama gn th Vesali ca x Vajji. Phi-on lin t gi o s Bhargava v tip tc i n Vesali, tm n o trng Alara-Kalama. n ni thy thi-t mc o sa-mn, lin qu xung tha rng: - Knh tha thi-t, i-vng tuy bit thi-t mun xut gia hc o t lu, nhng ngi vn ngy m mong nh, tinh-thn d-di, thn-th hao mn. Xin thi-t hy mau tr v hong cung, i-vng s dnh ring mt ni yn-tnh thi-t an tm tu hc, c g phi ni sn lm vng-v mi c. - Ti sao khng bit ni kh tm v thm tnh ca Ph-vng. Chnh v mun gii-quyt tn gc-r cc ni kh trin-min ca chng sinh m ti phi i xut gia tm o. V li by gi Ph- vng ti c chu ni l Rahula bn cnh an i v ni nghip sau ny. Xin qu v hy tr v tu cng Ph-vng, khi gii-quyt xong ci kh ni trn ca chng sinh ti s tr v. Thy thi-t c y tng xut gia li mt lng khng-khi khng lay chuyn, nhm nm anh em ng Kondanna tnh nguyn li bo-v thi-t, quan Thi-s tr v tu li vi vua. 2- V o-s th nht: Alara-Kalama[13] Khi sa-mn Gotama va gp o-s Alara-Kalama lin nh-l v ni: - Tha o-s, xin o-s cho con th gio v sng i phm-hnh thing-ling di s hng- dn ca o-s. - Hy li y vi ta, hi anh bn tr, cch dy ca ta nhm gip ngi thng-minh sm nhn thc c gio-l cao siu bng tr-tu trc-gic ca chnh mnh, v thc hin cuc sng trong s chng-ng . Ngi tu phi dit tr chp thn l ng, n khi thnh tu th thn thc ri khi thn nh chim s lng, mc tnh bay ln t do trong tam gii, l gii thot. - Tha o-s, gio-l cao siu m o-s nhn-thc bng tr-tu trc-gic phi c thc hnh nh th no v kt qu nh th no?

56. o-s Alara-Kalama lin gii-thch cho sa-mn Gotama bit cch tu-tp v cc cnh-gii chng-ng theo th lp nh sau: 1- Khng tham sng s cht, khng ham mun danh li ti sn th gian, nhm chn cc th vui th tc, sn sng vui v la b tt c th c S-thin, t Ly Sanh H Lc a (c tm ly trn bt nhim). Sau khi mng chung, c th sanh n cc ci tri Phm-chng-thin (Brahma-parisajja), Phm-ph-thin (Brahma-purohita), i-phm-thin (Mahabrahma). Ngi c s thin v nh thau nc c (tm) yn lu ngy, cn cu (phin no) lng xung c 8/10, thn tm nh nhng vui v; nhng khi nc b quy ng, cn cu li ni tr ln. 2- Xa la cc th vui th-tc, chuyn vui trong thin-nh th c Nh-thin, t nh Sanh H Lc a (c tm nh). Sau khi mng chung, c th sanh n cc ci tri Thiu-quang-thin (Parittabha), V-lng-quang-thin (Appamanabha), Quang-m-thin (Abhassara). Ngi c nh thin v nh thau nc c yn lu ngy, cn cu lng ht xung y thau, nc tr nn trong sut, tm c nh nhng, nh tnh, sng sut; nhng khi nc b quy ng, cn cu li ni tr ln. 3- Nm cn[14] thanh tnh. Khng cn cm th bun vui trc ngoi cnh, tm lun lun an lc trong chnh nim th c Tam-thin, t Ly H Diu Lc a (c nm cn thanh tnh). Sau khi mng chung, c th sanh n cc ci tri Thiu-tnh-thin (Parittasubha), V-lng-tnh-thin (Appamanasubha), Bin-tnh-thin (Subhakinha). Ngi c tam thin v nh thau nc c c lng trong, tt c cn cu u lng xung y thau v c vt b ra ngoi ht 8/10. 4- Su cn[15] thanh tnh. Khng cn thc phn bit, khng cn c chp ng sai, phi quy, hay d, tt xu, m ng, chnh t. Tm lun-lun an lc, thanh-tnh, siu-thot, khng ngn-ngi th c T-thin, t X Nim Thanh Tnh a (c cn thanh tnh). Sau khi mng chung, c th sanh n cc ci tri Qung-Qu thin (Vehapphala), V-Tng thin (Asanna), V-Phin thin (Aviha), V-Nhit thin (Atapa), Thin-Kin thin (Sudassana), Thin-Hin thin (Sudassa), Sc-Cu-Cnh thin (Akanittha). Ngi c t thin v nh thau nc hon ton trong tro tinh khit, khng cn mt cht cn cu. Nc c th b quy ng, nhng vn trong tro, khng b vn c. 5- Thc-hnh thin-nh, ha mnh vi vn vt v bin. Cm thy thn mnh v vn vt ng mt th tnh, ng ha tan trong ci h-v khng bin-gii, th c Khng-V-Bin-X (Akasanantya-yatana), c thn khng. Sau khi mng chung, c th sanh vo ci tri V-sc th nht. Ngi c Khng V Bin X v nh nc bc thnh hi, khng cn trng thy, nhng c th ong li thnh my, thnh ma. Ngi c Khng-V-Bin-X c th c Thn-Tc-Thng.

57. 6- Thc-hnh thin-nh, khng cn thy mnh c thn, ch cn ci tm-thc v-bin, bnh ng vi chng sanh mun loi khng khc, th c Thc-V-Bin-X(Vijnanantya-yatana), c thc khng. Sau khi mng chung, c th sanh vo ci tri V-sc th hai. Ngi c Thc V Bin X v nh nc bc thnh hi tht nh, khng th ong li thnh my, thnh ma na. Ngi c Thc- V-Bin-X c th c Thin-Nhn-Thng, Thin-Nh-Thng v Tha-Tm-Thng. 7- Thc-hnh thin-nh n khi chng-ng cc php u khng, khng c g l ca mnh (V- s-hu), khng c g chng c (V-s-c), khng c g cn thit (V-s-dng), th c V-S- Hu-X (Akincanna-yatana), c php khng. Sau khi mng chung, c th sanh vo ci tri V-sc th ba. l ci tri cao nht m ti chng-ng. Ngoi ra khng cn g na. Ngi c V S Hu X v nh nc bc thnh hi tht nh, vt ra ngoi bu kh quyn, ch cn mt cht tnh t. Ngi c V-S-Hu-X c th bit c mt s kip trc ca mnh. Sa-mn Gotama theo li ch-dn tu-tp vi ngy cng chng-ng cnh-gii V-S-Hu-X. Nhng ngi cng tht vng v cha thu-trit c chn-l ti-thng m ngi mong-c. o-s Alara-Kalama ly lm hoan-h thy -t li-lc ca mnh thnh cng mau chng, khen rng: - Ny o-hu, ti tht v cng hoan-h c c mt ngi bn ng tu ng knh nh o-hu. Gio-l m ti chng-ng bng tu-gic v tuyn-b thnh-t, th nay o-hu cng chng- ng nh ti. Vy o-hu hy li y vi ti, chng ta hy cng nhau hp sc dn-dt nhm o-s ny. - Tha o-s, tm la khi thn vn cn ng chp, tc cn sanh t lun hi. Con t thy cn phi tu tin thm na v tm con cha hon-ton vng-lng, ci-gc sanh t cha dt tr, cnh-gii nit-bn cha chng-ng, chn-l v thng cha thng t. Con xin t gi o-s tip-tc ln ng tm o. 3- V o-s th nh: Uddaka-Ramaputta[16] ng Kondanna khuyn sa-mn Gotama nn n gp thy c ca ng l o-s Uddaka Ramaputta[17] (Ut-u Lam-Pht) gn thnh Rajagriha[18] (Vng-X), x Magadha (Ma-kit- ). Thnh Rajagriha, cn gi l Rajagaha, cch Vesali khong 160 km v hng nam. Sa-mn Gotama cng vi nm anh em ng Kondanna i mi ngy ng n gp o-s Uddaka Ramaputta. Lc by gi o-s 75 tui v c 700 -t, 300 tu hc ti ch v 400 cc a-im khc. o-s ging: - Thng-thng ngi ta hay chp ni hnh-tng ca mun s mun vt, hoc chp rng cc s vt u khng c hnh tng, nh vy u l lm-lc c. Nn cn suy-xt cho chnh-chn, ch lnh th

58. ci th nhim-mu (l essence, ci tinh-th, chn nh) ca mun s mun vt m thi. Nh vy mi trnh khi mi vng chp ng, nhn, chng sanh, th gi, tm khng cn ngh tng (c tng khng), ng qu gii-thot cao nht, khng cn au kh na, v sanh v ci tri Phi-tng phi-phi- tng. Sa-mn Gotama nhp nh vi ngy chng c nh Phi-tng phi-phi-tng (Neva-sanna- nasanna-yatana), khng cn tri-thc cng khng phi khng cn tri-thc, tm-thc tr nn t-nh n i khng th ni l c hay khng c tm-thc. V nh nc r ra thnh oxy v hydro, khng phi nc nhng cng c th l nc. c tin ny o-s Uddaka Ramaputta rt ly lm vui-v ni: - Ny o-hu Gotama, ti v cng hoan-h c c mt ngi bn ng tu ti c ng tn- knh nh o-hu. Nhng g ti hiu-bit v chng-ng th nay o-hu cng hiu-bit v chng-ng. Vy th o-hu hy li y dn-dt nhm o-s ny h ti, v ti nay qu gi ri, khng cn th-gian ny bao lu na. - Tha o-s, con thy trong cnh-gii Phi-tng Phi-phi-tng vn cn cc hnh nghip vi-t lm nhn cho tm ci kh vi-t sau y: 1- Tm cn sanh nim, l sanh kh. 2- Nim nim ni tip nhau, l gi kh. 3- ng nim cha dt, nh-lc cha vng, l bnh kh. 4- nh-lc cn c th b thi chuyn, l t kh. 5- Cn nh nhung, l i bit ly kh. 6- Cn c iu khng va , l on tng hi kh. 7- C khi cu nh chng ng v c s cn tr, l cu bt c kh. 8- Th, tng, hnh, thc cha hon-ton dt, l m x thnh kh. Con cu o v thng, mong dt tr tn gc r mi hnh-thc au kh. Ch nguyn cha thnh, nn con xin php o-s c tip-tc ln ng tm o. - Ny o-hu Gotama, o-s Uddaka Ramaputta ni, ch nguyn cao-c ca o-hu tht ng thn-phc, vy khi o-hu thnh cng xin hy nh n ti trc. Tnh c vua Seniya Bimbisara n thm o-s Uddaka Ramaputta, thy vy lin n nh l sa-mn Gotama v ngh chia cho ngi phn na giang sn nu ngi chu li Magadha. Sau khi sa-mn Gotama t chi, nh vua yu-cu sa-mn sau khi thnh cng nh tr li thnh Vng-x ngi. 4- Su nm tu kh-hnh ti Uruvela (t nm 595 n nm 589 trc ty lch )

59. Sa-mn Gotama thy rng khng cn ai khc gii hn ngi c th nng ta, n lc ngi phi t tu t chng t s nguyn. Ngi bn cng vi 5 ngi bn o l Kondanna (Kiu-Trn- Nh), Bhaddiya (Bt-), Vappa cn gi l Dasabala-Kassapa (Thp-Lc Ca-Dip), Mahanama- Kulika (Ma-Ha-Nam Cu-L) v Assaji (t-B) t gi o s Uddaka Ramaputta, n kh-hnh-lm (tapovana, dukkharakrya) ti lng Uruvela, gn thnh ph Gaya, cch Vng-x khong 30 km v pha ng-nam, chuyn tu kh hnh. Vo thi by gi, cho n nay vn cn, n-, c nhiu o-s tin-tng mnh-lit rng li tu khc-khe p xc, kh hnh c th khc phc v thanh-lc thn tm, dit tr tt c dc vng, v a n gii-thot cng tt. D nhin sa-mn Gotama quyt nh trc- nghim php mn ny. Ngi n mt hang ho lnh lng chng ni Dungsiri, bt u mt cuc tranh-u quyt- lit khc-phc thn xc, vi nim hy-vng rng mt khi lm ch c mi nhu-cu phc-tp v phin-toi ca thn th tm s c gii-phng khi s thng-tr ca vt-cht t n mc gii- thot cao-siu. Ngi c-gng n mc cng tt ca li tu kh-hnh. Ch n l, r cy, vi ht m, ht u mi ngy, ng rt t, sut ngy ngi thin hoc i kinh-hnh. Thn hnh ngi ch cn da bc xng, ci rn gn ng xng sng. V sau c Pht k li trong kinh Majjhima Nikaya (Trung B) s 36, cnh ngi tu kh-hnh nh sau: Lc y t-tng sau y pht sanh n ti: Hay l ta th cn cht rng li, cong u li p st vo vm hm trn, v dng t-tng thin bp, ch-ng v tiu-dit t-tng xu. Th ri ti cn cht rng li, cong u li p st vo vm hm trn, v c-gng -bp, ch-ng, tiu-dit t-tng xu bng nhng t-tng tt. Lc ti tranh-u nh vy th m-hi t trong nch ti chy tun ra. Nh mt ngi mnh u c mt ngi yu xung, n mnh xung, bt phi thn phc, ti cng tranh-u nh vy hng-phc nhng t-tng bt thin. Ngh-lc ti tht mnh-m v bt khut. Tinh-thn ti tht vng-vng khng lay-ng. Nhng thn ti mn mi khng cn chu ng ni s c-gng kin-tr nng ln n. Mc d nhng cm-gic au-n pht sanh trong thn ti, n khng nh-hng n tm ti cht no. Ri ti t ngh: Hay l ta hy tham-thin v s nn th mt ln na! Ri ti kim-sot cht-ch s ht vo v th ra bng ming, bng l mi, bng l tai. V khi ti nn th th u ti au bng ln khng-khip. Cng nh c mt lc-s sit cht u ti bng mt si dy da cng. Tuy nhin ngh-lc ti vn mnh, Nhng cm-gic au-n khng nh-hng g n tm ti. Ri ti t ngh: Hay l ta hy tham-thin v s nn th mt ln na! Ri ti nn th bng ming, bng l mi, bng l tai. Khi ti kim-sot hi th nh th th mt lung hi mnh thc xuyn qua

60. bng ti. Cng nh c mt tn -t thin-ngh hay mi tp-s ang dng dao bn rch bng ti. Tuy nhin ngh-lc ti vn mnh. Cm-gic au-n nh th khng h nh-hng g n tm ti. Mt ln na, ti li t ngh: Hay l ta li tham-thin v s nn th mt ln na! Ri ti kim- sot hi th ra th vo bng ming, bng l mi v bng l tai. Khi ti nn th th mt hi nng kinh- khng thiu t thn ti. Cng nh c hai ngi lc-s ang nm cht tay chn ti t ln mt ng than chy cho n khi thn ti b thiu ri. D vy ngh-lc ti vn mnh. Cm-gic au-n nh th khng h nh-hng n tm ti. Lc by gi c nhng v thin-thn thy ti nh vy th ni vi nhau rng: o-s kh-hnh Gotama cht. Vi v khc ni: o-s kh-hnh Gotama cha cht, nhng ang cht dn. Trong khi vi v khc ni: o-s kh-hnh Gotama cha cht, cng khng phi ang cht dn v ngi l mt v A-la-hn. y ch l li sng ca mt v A-la-hn. Ri ti t ngh: Hay ta th hnh php tuyt thc hon-ton! Lc by gi c nhng v thin-thn n gn ti v ni: Tha ngi, ngi khng nn hnh php tuyt thc hon-ton. Nu ngi lm nh vy, chng ti s rt thin-tinh-th b-dng vo thn ngi qua cc l chn lng nui sng ngi. Ti ngh: Nu ta ni ta hnh php tuyt thc m cc thin-thn li rt thin-tinh-th b-dng vo thn qua cc l chn lng nui sng ta, t ra ta gian-di. Thi ta khng cn phi tuyt thc. Ri ti li ngh: Hay ta ch th thc mi ngy mt bm nc u hoc rau c! Khi ti ch dng tht t vt thc c hoc lng nh th th thn ti tr nn gy kh nh nhng cng sy ghp li vi nhau. Bn ta ca ti ch cn bng ci mng chn con lc-. Xng sng ti nh mt xu chui dng ng ln v cong vo. Xng sn ti ta nh mt ci sn nh b sp . Trng mt ti chng khc no hnh nh nhng ngi sao di y ging su. Da u ti rng tc, nhn nheo nh mt tri mp phi kh. Khi mun r da bng th tay ti ng nhm xng sng. Khi mun r xng sng th tay ti ng nhm da bng. V thiu vt thc, da bng ti p st vo xng sng. Lc mun ng dy i tiu tin th ti lung-cung t ng xung. Ti p nh tay chn cho thn mnh ti sng li. Than i, lc p nh th, lng trn mnh ti l-t ri xung t v cht gc. Nhng ngi thy ti nh vy th ni: o-s Gotama da en. C ngi li ni: o-s Gotama da khng phi en m xanh. C ngi li ni: o-s Gotama khng en, khng xanh m nu sm. Mu da sng sa ca ti tr nn tn-t n nh th v thiu vt thc. Ri ti t ngh: D cc o-s kh-hnh hay B-la-mn trong qu kh chu ng nhng cm-gic nhc-nhi, au-n, xt-xa nh th no th cng n mc ny l cng, khng th hn na. D cc o-s kh-hnh hay B-la-mn trong tng-lai s chu ng nhng cm-gic nhc-nhi, au-

61. n, xt-xa nh th no th cng n mc ny l cng, khng th hn. Tuy nhin, d tri qua bao nhiu khc-kh, kh-khn, au-n, ti vn cha t c s gic-ng ti thng v ni tm vt ln trn trng-thi con ngi. Hay l cn con ng no khc dn n s Chng-Ng ti thng? Thy sa-mn Gotama gn k ci cht m cha t c ch nguyn, Ma-Vng lin hin n gn ngi v ni: Ny o-s gy cm, thn hnh tiu-ty! Gi cht gn k. Thn th ngi cht mn gn ht, ch cn li mt phn ngn. Nhng hy sng, hi o-s, i sng rt tt p. C sng mi to c phc. Hy sng c thn v