Makarajyothi 2012

lecjXkgä~j ùMr OqîMem£e MjCXheaÍõM bXMlfnkXakjaä akäf bfùiuXEqèùleChjX aobXMem£ejX ùhCcecõuX

hájÔeKõaclox aãevflõX Mgíû haæÿjûlmõ ùhmaÿe YibezMem£e bmlf cevam

YtlveL moevÌemqbª Ytloãehjejìjìcue yeaueMeam£ lgYõX vace vcû

ãmõ OvVéjfq celehfle jgaùoeYfó©cûlX Mem£ejX DuX baÌcuessboõX oãevfOfX

Dvõoe MjCX vem£flVacb MjCX cclmxceox kejgCõ Yeabvjì jì cueùhaYe!

anekbrjõX cuehtpõXmqbª jìekjX bfYgXheqbªlr uôoãevÌXMem£ejX ùhCcecõuX

bfùh htpõX bfMV bÌõXbfóÛg MXaYeû ùhfãX mglXìfùh ùhmeovfjlXMem£ejX ùhCcecõuX

cècelXi icvXkejgCõecôl htjflXmqbª bfIxv ujX aobXMem£ejX ùhCcecõuX

DmxclxkganMVjX aobXDmxclxßùlg bfveMvXDmxcofóØ ùhoelejXMem£ejX ùhCcecõuX

ùMr uaj vcûhelg htqCÛùlãrMû

becX heoX ùhmejõ ùMflogjfl ujXoìfCX kgÂxpãflVe

pevgvõeOeã beacljcfljYgpXaMóaYesi vfOeã

hËelx heCfoVaãv ùhlfYëMcavMXKòaùk oOevû

aoabe YtóeOfãg©û ùlfoMhlfvglûhelghtqCÛùlãrMû

- 4 -

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2012

“£b-Øn¬ \n∂pw {XmW\w sNøp-∂Xv” (\m-i-Øn¬

\n∂pw c£n-°p-∂-Xv) ‘t£{Xw’ F∂ A¿∞-amWv {io i¶-cm-

Nm-cy¿ `K-hXv KoXbv°v cNn® `mjy-Øn¬ \evIn-bn-´p-f-f-Xv.

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-t£{Xw Cu A¿∞sØ

]q¿Æ-am-°p-∂p. Cu t£{X-Ønse tZhs\ Adn™v Bcm-[n-

°p-∂-h¿°v k¿Δ- sF-iz-cy-ßfpw {Ia-Øn¬ h∂p tNcp-∂p.

Xma -cw -Ip -f -ßc t£{X-Ønse apJy - {] -XnjvT

{io [¿Ω-im -kvXm -hn -t‚-Xm -Wv. Chn -SpsØ tZhs\

N{a-h-´-Ø-∏-\mbpw `‡-P-\-ßƒ Bcm-[n-®p-h-cp-∂p. he-Xp-

I -c -Øn¬ Aar -X -I -e -i -hp -ambn IpSn -sIm -f -fp∂

{io[¿Ω-im-kvXmhv Xs‚ `‡-cpsS GX-`n-em-jhpw km[n-®p-

sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dmbn Ccn-°p-I-bm-Wv. I∂n-aq-e-bn¬

KW-]Xn `K-hm\pw sXs° Xncp-ap-‰Øp≈ t£{X-Øn¬

`{Z -Imfn tZhnbpw `‡-P-\ -ßƒ°v A\p- {K -l-ßƒ

\¬Ip-hm -\mbn hmW-cp -fp -∂p. IqSmsX \mK-cm -Pm -hv ,

{_“-c-£kv F∂o D]-tZ-h-∑m-tcbpw ChnsS {]Xn-jvTn-°-s∏ n p≠v.

hnf-°p-h-bv]v, Nμ\w Nm¿Ø¬, \ocm-RvP\w, Ff-fvXn-cn,

A∏w \nth-Zyw , ]mbkw \nthZyw XpS -ßn -b -h -bmWv

{io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-\p-ff apJy-h-gn-]m-Sp-Iƒ. hnti-j-Zn-h-k-ß-

fn¬ K-hm\v ]mev, s\øv F∂o {Zhy-ß-sf-s°m≠v {]tXyI A`n-

tj-I-ßfpw \S-Øn-h-cp-∂p. F√m-h¿jhpw aI-c-amkw 1˛mw

XobXn (a-I-c-hn-f°v Znh-kw) cmhnse `K-hm\v \S-Øn-h-cp∂

AjvSm-`n-tj-I-ß-fn¬ (F-Æ, s\øv, ]m¬, tX≥, ]©m-ar-Xw,

Icn-°v, kvaw, If`w F∂o -{I-a-Øn¬) \qdvI-W-°n\v ‡-P-\-

ßƒ ]s¶-SpØv Xß-fpsS A`n-tj-I-Øn-¬ `K-hXv _nw_w

Bdm-Sp-∂Xv I≠v -sXm-gpXv kmbq-Py-a-S-bp-∂p.

aI-c-amkw 1˛mw XobXn hen-b-hn-f°v hcpw-hn[w sImSn-

I-bdn c≠mw-Xo-bXn Bdm-t´m-´p-IqSn kam-]n-°p∂ 6 Znh-ksØ

aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-amWv Cu t£{X-Ønse {][m\ D’-hw.

CXp-Iq-SmsX Nnß-am-k-Øn¬ \nd, ]pØ-cn, hn\m-b-I-

N-Xp¿∞n, I∂n-am-k-Øn¬ ]qP-h-bv]v,hr›nIw, [\p amk-ß-

fn¬ aWvU-e-°m-ew, ao\-am-k-Øn¬ `K-hms‚ Xncp-\m-fmb

ss]¶p\n D{Xw, taS-am-k-Øn¬ hnjp-Zn-hkw hn-ti-jm¬ AjvS-

{Z-hy- K-W-]Xn tlmaw, I¿°n-S-I-Øn¬ cmam-b-W-am-km-N-cWw

F∂n-hbpw t£{X-Øn¬ hn]p-e-ambn BtLm-jn-®p-h-cp-∂p.

A©v ]Xn-‰m≠v apºv cq]o-Ir-X-amb t£{X-]-cn-k-c-hm-kn-

I-fpsS kwL-S-\-bmWv Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø-∏-tk-hm-k-an-Xn. Cu

t£{X-Ønse ssZ\w-Zn-\-Im-cy-ß-fpw, D’-hm-tLm-j-ß-fpw,

\n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \S-Øn-h-cp-∂-Xv Aø-∏- tkhm

k-an-Xn-bm-Wv. t£{X-Øns‚ D∂-a-\-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb ]e \n¿Ωm-W

-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw CXn-\Iw sNbvXp-Xo¿°p-hm≥ kan-Xnbv°v

km[n-®n- p-≠v. t£{X ]p\-cp-≤m-cW b⁄-Ønse \memw-L- -

ambn Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io [¿ΩimkvXm-hns‚ Du´p-]p-c-bpsS

\n¿ΩmWw `K-hm≥ {io [¿Ω imkvXm-hns‚ A\p-{K-lm-»n pw

`‡-P-\-ß-fpsS k¿Δm-fl-\m-bp≈ klmb kl-I-c-W-ßƒ

sIm≠pw aI-c-hn-f-°n\v ap≥]mbn ]q¿Øo-I-cn®v K-hm\v ka¿∏n-

°p-hm≥ km[n®p F∂-Xn¬ kan-Xn°v Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-ap-≠v.

- 5 -


Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-imkvXm t£{X-Ønse Cu

h¿jsØ aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-Øn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v “kwKo-Xw”

F∂ hnj-b-Øn\v {]mapJyw sImSp-Øp-sIm≠v “a-Ic tPymXn”F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ kvac-WnI {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂p F∂v

Adn-™-Xn¬ hf-sc-b-[nIw kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p. “a-IctPymXn”

F√m hn`m -K -°m¿°pw hn⁄m\{]Z -am -Is´ F∂pw

{]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

{io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i-s‚-bpw, Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-

kvXm-hn-s‚bpw A\p-{K-lm-in- p-Iƒ F√m-h¿°pw D≠m-Is´

F∂pw {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

F∂v

]pen-b-∂q¿ A\p-P≥ \mcm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd

21-12-2011

vejeãCz Dvgpz vêtlfjfh¥eëxhgnfãÿtq cvh f . Z . Sj t q , l ôh ¥ tC fègJSJCekgäX - 682 306

aHeQ: 0484 - 2775817

- 6 -


THAMARAMKULANGARA AYYAPPA SEVA SAMITHYTASS Mandir, Thamaramkulangara, Thripunithura - 682 301, Ernakulam Dt.

BapJw

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-imkvXm t£{X-Ønse aI-c-hn-f°v D’-hm-tLmj kvac-WnI ""aI-c-tPymXn'' 10- masØ ]Xn-

∏n-tebv°v IS-°p-I-bm-Wv. t£{X-ß-tfm-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ Imcy-ßƒam{Xw Dƒs°m-≈n®v (B-Nm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ, t£{X-I-e-

Iƒ, KP-ho-c-∑m¿, tafw, D’-hm-tLm-j-ßƒ XpS-ßn) AXm-Xns‚ ]q¿Æ-Ku-c-h-tØm-sS-Xs∂ Ign™ HºXv ]Xn-∏p-I-fpw,

{io[¿Ω imkvXm-hns‚bpw {io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i-s‚bpw A\p-{K-l-Øm-epw, ‡-P-\-ß-fpsS kl-I-c-W-ßƒsIm≠pw, kvXpXy¿l-

amb coXn-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ kan-Xnbv°v km[n-®-Xn¬ XnI™ Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-ap-≠v.

10-˛masØ ]Xn∏v ""kwKoXw'' F∂ A]mc kmK-csØ ASp-Ø-dn-bp-hm-\p≈ Ffn-b-{i-a-am-Wv.

""kwKo-X-a]n kmlnXyw

kc-kzXym: kvX\-Zzbw

GIw B]m-Z-a-[pcw

A\yZv Btem-N-\m-arXw'' F∂ i¶-cm-Nmcy hmIy-Øn¬ \n∂pw kwKoXw F∂ alm-Xv`p-X-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw {Kln-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q. XymK-cm-

P-kzm-an-Iƒ, apØp-kzman Zo£n-X¿, iyma-im-kv{Xn-Iƒ, jSvIm-e-tKm-hn-μ-am-cm¿, sNssº sshZy-\mY mK-h-X¿ XpS-ßnb kwKoX km{am-´p-I-fpsS ]mZ-

kv]¿i-ta‰ ]pWy- q-an-bn¬ hkn-°m≥ km[n®p F∂Xv Hmtcm mc-Xo-b-s‚bpw ku`m-Ky-am-Wv. kwKoXwsIm≠v Ah¿ cNn® alm-Zv`p-X-ß-fpsS IY-Iƒ

tI´mWv \mtam-tcm-cp-Øcpw hf¿∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ aI-c-tPym-Xn-bn-eqsS km[m-c-W-°m-c\v kwKo-XsØ ASp-Ø-dn-bp-hm\p≈ Rß-fpsS {iaw

Xo¿Øpw DNnXw F∂p-Xs∂ Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

Iem-Im-c-\m-hpI F∂Xv F√m-h-cmepw km[n-°p∂ H∂√. Hcp XnI™ Iem-Im-c-\m-Im≥ P∑-kn-≤-amb hmk-\-Iƒ IqSntb Xocq. F∂m¬

Hcp \√ Bkzm-Z-I-\m-Ip-hm≥ km[n-°pI F∂Xpw Hcp Ie-bm-Wv. kwKo-X-sØ-°p-dn®v Adn-bp-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-sX√mw Adn-bp-hm-\pw, kwKoXw

Bkz-Zn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ignhp h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm\pw CØ-h-WsØ ""aI-c-tPymXn''°v km[n°pw F∂v Rßƒ Dd®v hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Ign™ HºXv ]Xn-∏p-

Ifpw t]mse Xs∂, Cu kvac-Wn-Ibpw At\z-jW IpXp-In-Iƒ°v Hcp ""d^-d≥kv {KŸw'' BIpw F∂-Xn\v X¿°-an-√. ap≥h¿j-ß-fn-se- ]Xn-∏p-

Iƒ°v ‡¿ \¬Inb kzoI-cWw Cu h¿jhpw e`n°pw F∂v hniz-kn-°-s´.

F´p Znhkw \o≠p-\n∂ {io]q¿Æ-{X-boi t£{X-Ønse hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øn-\p-tijw, Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bnse `‡-P-\-ßƒ BImw-£-tbmsS

ImØn-cn-°p∂ D’-h-amWv Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ aI-c-hn-f°v BtLm-j-ßƒ. 2012˛se aI-c-hn-f°v D’hw P\p-hcn 11- mw XobXn

sImSn-I-b-dn. 16-˛mw XobXn Bdm-t´m-Sp-IqSn kam-]n-°p-∂p. D’-h-°-º-°m¿°pw, taf-t{]-an-Iƒ°pw Cu h¿jsØ D’-hhpw Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb

Zriy-˛-{imhy A\p-`-h-ßƒ krjvSn°pw F∂-Xn¬ X¿°-an-√.

Ign™ Ime-b-f-hp-I-fn¬ Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø-∏-tkhm kan-Xn-bpsS F√m {]h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ°pw `‡-cpsS k¿Δm-fl-\m-bp≈ kl-I-cWw

Rßƒ°p e`n-®n-´p-≠v. {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ A\p-{K-lw-sIm≠v Gs‰-Sp-°p∂ Hmtcm {]h¿Ø-\hpw awK-f-I-c-ambn ]cy-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-hm≥ C∂p-

hsc kan-Xn°v km[n-®n- p-≠v. t£{X-]p-\-cp-≤m-c-W-hpw, {iotIm-hnepw, Np‰-º-ehpw sNtºme tabm≥ km[n-®Xpw t£{X-Øn\p ]Sn-™mdphi-Øp≈

ÿew kz¥-am-°p-hm≥ km[n-®Xpw DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.

Aø-∏-tk-hm-k-anXn Gs‰-SpØ Hcp _rlXvkwcw-`-amWv Du´p-]pc \n¿Ωm-Ww. \n¿ΩmWw Bcw-`n-°p-hm-\p≈ {iaw XpS-ßp-tºmƒ {io[¿Ω

imkvXm-hn-s‚-bpw, {io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i-s‚bpw A\p-{K-l-ß-fpw, ‡-cpsS {]m¿∞-\bpw am{X-am-bn-cp∂p kan-Xn-bpsS aqe-[-\w. \n¿Ωm-W-Øns‚ {]mcw-

-L´w apX¬ \n¿ΩmW ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS Cu Ah-km-\-L´w hsc kmº-Øn-I- -km-t¶-Xn-I-ß-fmb Hcp Imcy-Øn-\p-ap-∂nepw ]I®p \n¬t°≠ Hchÿ

kan-Xn°v D≠m-bn-√. {io[¿Ω imkvXm-hns‚ AZr-iy-I-c-ßƒ X°-k-a-b-ß-fn¬ ‡-cpsS klm-b-ß-fpsS cq]-Øn¬ Rßƒ°v ]n¥p-W-bpw, ss[cyhpw

\¬In. 2011 Unkw-_¿ 31-˛mw Xo-b-Xn, ""Du´p]pc'' `K-hm\p ka¿∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv.

kan-Xn-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v i‡n-]-I¿∂v, F√m kl-I-c-W-ßfpw \¬Inb ‡¿°pw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ°pw {io[¿ΩimkvXm-hns‚ A\p-{K-

l-ßƒ \n¿tem`w e`n-°s´ F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. GsXmcp kvac-Wn-I-bp-sSbpw IcpØv AXns‚ D≈-S-°-amWv F∂v kan-Xn°v XnI™ t_m[y-ap-≠v. Cu

kvac-Wn-Ibv°v Bh-iy-amb teJ-\-ß-fpw, hnh-c-ßfpw \¬In A\p-{K-ln® Hmtcm alXvhy‡n-tbbpw Xpey-{]m-[m-\y-tØm-sS, \μn-tbmsS kvacn-°p-∂tXmsSm∏w.

Ah¿t°-h¿°pw {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ A\p-{K-l-Øm¬ Bbq-cm-tcm-Ky-ßƒ e`n-°p-am-dm-Is´ F∂v Bflm¿∞-ambn {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

""aI-c-tPymXn'' {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ ]mZm-c-hn-μ-ß-fn¬ ‡ym-Z-c-]q¿Δw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p......

Fkv. lcn

sk{I-´-dn, Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm kanXn

kzmantb icWaø∏...........

- 7 -


aI-c-tP ym-Xn-bn-eq-sS...

A©p-]-Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fmbn Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-imkvXm t£{X-Ønse \nXy-\n-Zm-\-ßfpw B´-hn-ti-j-ßfpw Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø-∏-tkhm kanXn F∂ `‡-P\kwL-S-\-bpsS Npa-X-e-bn-em-Wv \S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. `K-hm≥ [¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ A\p-{K-l-Ømepw ‡-P-\-ß-fpsS \n¿tem- -amb klmb kl-I-c-W-ß-fmepw Cu t£{Xw\nXy-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bn-em-sW∂v kk-t¥mjw Adn-bn-®p-sIm-≈-s´. F√m hnti-j-ßfpwAXn-t‚-Xmb {]m[m-\y-tØm-Sp-IqSnØs∂ \S-°p∂p F∂p≈ Imcyhpw F√m-h¿°pw

Adn-hp-≈-Xm-W-t√m.

{io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ aI-c-hn-f°v atlm-’hw F√m h¿jhpw `wKn-bmbn \S∂phcp-∂p.Ign™ H≥]Xp h¿j-ß-fmbn "aI-c-tPymXn' F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ Hcp kvac-Wn-Ibpw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂p. kmwkv°m-cn-Ihpw Iem-]-chpw t£{X-kw-_-‘n-bp-amb GsX-¶nepw Hcp hnj-b-Øn\p{]m[m\yw \¬In-s°m-≠mWv F√m h¿jhpw Cu kvac-WnI `‡-P\ ka£w ka¿∏n-°m-dp-≈-Xv.]Ømw hm¿jn-I-amb Cu thf-bn¬ kvac-Wn-I-bv°mbn kzoI-cn-®n-´p≈ hnjbw "kwKoXw' F∂-Xm-Wv. Ie-I-fpsS Cu‰n-√-amWv Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d. tIc-f-Ønse G‰hpw henb Iem-t£-{X-ß-fn¬ H∂mbB¿.-F¬.-hn. tImtf-Pp-Xs∂ Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bpsS A`n-am-\-am-Wv. kwKoX {]Xn- -I-fm¬ C{Xbpw A\p-{K-lo-X-amb as‰mcp ÿehpw tIc-f-Øn-se-∂√ `mc-X-Øn¬ Xs∂-bp-t≠m F∂p kwi-bn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ch-cpsS FÆw AwKp-eo-]-cn-an-X-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ t]sc-SpØp ]d-bm≥ km[y-hp-a-√. Cuiz-cm-cm-[-\bv°p apJy-amb LS-I-ß-fn¬ ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂Xv kwKo-X-amWv. a{¥-ßƒ, taf-ßƒ, `P-\, Xp≈¬, IqØv, IY-I-fn, tkm]m\ kwKoXw apX-emb t£{X-kw-_-‘n-bmb Ie-I-fpsSsb√mw Poh≥ kwKo-X-am-Wv. \ΩpsS tZho-tZ-h-∑m-cp-tSbpw Ejn-I-fp-tSbpw Ic-ßsf Ae-¶-cn-®n-cn-°p∂XpXs∂ kwKo-tXm-]-I-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. Cu {]]©w Xs∂ kwKo-Xm-fl-I-am-Wv. {]`mX ]£n-I-fpsS If-Iq-P-\-ßƒ, \Zn-I-fpsS Hgp°v Ch-sb√mw kwKo-X-a-b-am-Wv. kwKo-X-Øns‚ A\p-c-W-\-ß-fn-s√-¶n¬ Cu {]]-©-Øn-\p-t]mepw AÿnXz-an-√. inip-°ƒt]mepw Dd-ßp-∂Xv Xmcm-ńs‚ eb-am-[p-cy-Øn-emWv.

kwKoX {]Xn-`-I-fp-sS, Bkzm-Z-I-cp-sS, hna¿i-I-cpsS {]uV-Kw-ò-c-amb teJ-\-ßƒ ]T-\-ßƒ,hna¿i-\-ßƒ F∂n-h-bm¬ kº-∂-amb Cu kvac-WnI s]mXp-P-\-k-a£w `‡ym-Z-c-]q¿Δw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. CXn-\p-th≠n Atlm-cm{Xw {]b-Xv\n® kanXn {]h¿Ø-I¿, t{]m’m-l\w \¬Inb Kpcp-P-\-ßƒ, CXn-te-bv°mbn hne-s∏´ teJ-\-ßƒ \¬Inb teJ-I¿, ]c-ky-ßfpw a‰pw-X∂v klm-bn® hym]mc, hyh-kmb, ÿm]-\-ßƒ, hy‡n-Iƒ, Ia-\o-b-ambn A®-Sn®v IrXy-k-a-b-Øp-Xs∂Rßƒ°p \¬Inb "amXm {]nt‚gvkv', AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ CXns‚ hnP-b-Øn-\mbn {]h¿Øn-®n-´p≈ F√m k÷-\-ß-tfmSpw kan-Xn-bpsS \μnbpw IS-∏mSpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≈p-∂p. Cu kwcw-`-Øn-\p-th≠n klm-bn-®n-´p-≈ F√m-h¿°pw tZi-\m-Y-\mb {io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i-t‚-bpw, Xma-c-Ip-f-ßc{io[¿Ω imkvXm-hn-s‚bpw A\p-{K-lm-in- p-Iƒ D≠m-Is´ F∂p {]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p.

{ioltc \axXma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXmth icWw

k¿thiv i¶¿ Fkv.

I¨ho-\¿, aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmjIΩn-‰n.

THAMARAMKULANGARA AYYAPPA SEVA SAMITHYTASS Mandir, Thamaramkulangara, Thripunithura - 682 301, Ernakulam Dt.

- 8 -


kma-th-Zhpw kwKo-Xhpw ˛ tUm. tXm´w inh-I-c≥ \ºq-Xncn 9

`mcX kwKoXw Ncn-{X-Øn-eqsS -˛ tUm. F. PeP h¿Ω 15

kwKoX {Xnaq¿Øn-I-fpsS ap≥Km-an-Iƒ ˛ tUm. `ph-t\-izcn Pn. 20

kwKo-X-˛-km-ln-Xy-`mhw Xpfpºn \n¬°p∂ t£{X ]©-c-Xv\-Ir-Xn-Iƒ˛ 25

tUm. Fkv. `mKy-e£van Fw.-F. ]n.-F-®v.-Un.

{io apØp-kzman Zo£n-X¿ IrXn-I-fnse A\p-]a kwKo-X-˛-km-lnXy ka-\zb kuμcyw ˛ 29

tUm. {]oXn sI.

\mZ-cq-]n-Wnsb {]Xy-£-am-°nb iymam-im-kv{Xn-Iƒ ˛ tUm. aRvPp tKm]m¬ 33

kzmXn kvarXn-I-fn-eq-sS ... ˛ AizXn Xncp-\mƒ cma-h¿Ω 36

It®cn [¿Ωw ˛ tUm. {ioh’≥ sP. tat\m≥ 42

\h-hn[ `‡n-bpw, kwKo-Xhpw ˛ -tUm. B¿. {ioteJ 45

t£{X-kw-KoXw ˛ HcmapJw ˛ APnXv \ºq-Xncn 48

kwKoXhpw kmlnXyhpw ˛ tUm hn B¿ {]t_m[N{μ≥ \mb¿ 51

tIc-f-Ønse t£{X-ßƒ ˛ I¿Æm-SI kwKoX Io¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ ˛ 56

tUm. ANyp-Xvi-¶¿ Fkv. \mb¿

kwKoXw Cuiz-c≥ ˛ Sn.-F-kv. cm[m-Ir-jvWPn 60

kwKo-X- kw-kvIm-c-ß-fpsS ka-\z-b-ambn lnμp-ÿm\n kwKoXw ˛ tUm. A{`m-ZnX _m\¿Pn 63

tkm]m\ kwKoXw ˛ Hcp kmam-\ym-h-tem-I\w ˛ tUm. eoem HmwtNcn 67

IY-Ifn kwKo-X-Øns‚ hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ ˛ cta-i≥ Xºp-cm≥ 76

a-e-bmä-bpsS `mh-cm-K-ßƒ ˛ inh-Zmkv h¿Ω 80

A`n-apJw :˛ ]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn ˛

""Ka-I-h-iyX''bm¿∂ IrjvW kwKo-X-Øns‚ Fgp-]-Ø©v h¿j-ßƒ ˛ 83

]fl-`q-j¨ Sn.-F≥. IrjvW≥

kwKoXhpw BtcmKyhpw - tUm. _n. ]pjv] IrjvW≥ 86

kwKo-X-]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ i_vZ-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-\p≈ {]m[m\yw ˛ {io. A\n¬ 88

kwKo-Xm-`ym-k\w˛ C∂-se, C∂v ˛ tUm. ]fl Fkv. Xºp-cm≥ 90

P¬km L¿ - ˛ IrjvW-aq¿Øn 94

efnX kwKo-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw imkv{Xob kwKo-X-Øn-tebv°v ˛ Fw.-F-kv. e£van ip` 97

D≈-S°w

- 9 -


tUm. tXm´w inh-I-c≥ \ºq-Xncn

kma-th-Zhpw kwKo-Xhpw

{_“-ap-tJm-¤p-X-amb NXp¿tΔ-Z-ßƒ EIv,

bPp v, kmam, Y¿Δ-W-ß-fm-W-t√m. ""{_“-\n-

iz-knXw thZw:'' F∂m-Wv {]am-Ww. ⁄m\-`-

WvUm-Km-c-ß-fmb thZ-ßƒ A\m-Znbpw A\-¥-

hp-am-sW∂v \n¿Æ-bn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬-

Øs∂ A]u-cp-tj-b-amWv thZ-ßƒ. ⁄m\w

Hcp hy‡n-bm¬ cNn-bv°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ km≤y-a√

F∂-Xn-\m¬ a\p-jy-kr-jvS-a√ thZw F∂p ]d-

bp -∂-Xn¬ Akmw -KXyw H´pwX-s∂-bn -√.

⁄m\sØ a\p-jy≥ Is≠-Øp-I-bmWv AYhm

Z¿in-°p-I-bm-Wv sNøp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m-emWv Ejn-

amsc a{¥-{Z-jvSm-°ƒ F∂v hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv. Ejn

F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞w Xs∂ {Im¥-Z¿in

F∂m-Wv.

F√m a{¥-ßƒ°pw Ejn-—-tμm- -tZ-h-X-Iƒ

D≠v. Ejn-am¿ Z¿in-®, km£m¬°-cn® a{¥-ß-

sf-bmWv E°p-Iƒ F∂p-]-d-bp-∂-Xv. a{¥-{Z-jvSmhv

Ejn-bpw, hrØw Oμ p-am-Ip-∂p. GsXmcp tZh-

Xsb Dt±-in-®mtWm a{¥w {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv,

AXmWv tZh-X. hnizm-an-{X≥, IWz≥, hkn-jvT≥,

A{Xn, hma-tZ-h≥, Bt{Xbn, Aw-`r-W]p-{Xn-bmb

hm°v F∂n-h¿ {]kn-≤-cmb Ejn-am-cm-Wv. Kmb-

{Xn, XpjvWn-Iv, A\pjvSp-∏v, _rl-Xn, {XjvSp-∏v,

PKXn F∂nh Oμ p-I-fm-Ip-∂p. C{μ≥, A·n,

hcp-W≥, cp{Z≥, hmbp, khn-Xmhv XpS-ßn-bh tZh-

X-I-fpsS DZm-l-c-Ww.

thZ-ßƒ {]Ir-Xn-tbbpw {]]-©-tØbpw

\ntj-[n-°p-∂n-s√∂p am{X-a-√, AwKo-I-cn-°p-

Ibpw {]iw-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-ap-≠v. Pohn-

XsØ bYm¿∞-ambn hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬, thZw

GXp Ime-Øpw, Gh¿°pw hgn-Im- n-bmbn h¿Øn-

°p-∂p. BZn-ù-Xn-I-am-bpw, BZn-ssZ-hn-I-am-bpw,

B≤ym-fln-I-ambpw a‰pw hnhn[ Xe-ß-fn¬

thZsØ hymJym-\n-®-h-cm-Wv \ΩpsS ]q¿Δ-kq-

cn-Iƒ. i_vZ-hyp¬∏-Ønsb ASn-ÿm-\-am°n

ss\cp -‡w, b⁄sØ ASn -ÿm-\ -am°n

bm⁄n-Iw, Bfl-X-ØzsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n

B≤ym-fln-Iw, CXn-lmk kw_-‘-ambn sFXn-

]m™m¬ {Kma-Ønse kma-th-Zn-Iƒ HØpIq-Sp∂ e£van \mcm-bW t£{Xw

- 10 -


lm-knIw F∂v \mep hn[-Øn¬ A¿∞-a-dn-tb-

≠-Xm-sW-∂m-Wv bmkv°-a-Xw.

\ΩpsS hnPvRm\ kmK-c-Øn¬, thZ-Øn¬

\n∂v DXv`qX-amb AkwJyw hn`m-K-ß-fpw, Ah

hnh-cn-°p∂ Bbn-c-am-bncw {KŸ-X-√-P-ßfpw

\ΩpsS kwkv°m-csØ kº-∂-am-°p∂p. {_m“-

W-ßƒ, Bc-Wy-I-ßƒ, D]-\n-j-Øp-°ƒ, D]-

th-Z-ßƒ, thZm-MvK-ßƒ, Z¿i-\-ßƒ, {iuX-kq-

{X-ßƒ, Krly-kq-{X-ßƒ, kvarXn-Iƒ, CXn-lmk

]pcm-Wm-Zn-Iƒ, Imhy-\m-S-Im-Zn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn-

ep≈ CuSp-shbv∏v as‰mcp cmjv{S-Øn\pw Ah-

Im-i-s∏-Sp-hm-\n-√-X-s∂.

kwln-X, {_m“-Ww, Bc-Wy-Iw, D]-\n-

jØv F∂n-ßs\ Hmtcm thZhpw \membn hn`-

Pn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp a\p-jys‚ {_“-N-cym-

{i-a-Øn¬ kwln-X-bv°pw, Km¿l-ÿy-Øn¬

{_m“-W-Øn-\pw, hm\-{]-ÿØn¬ Bc-Wy-I-

Øn-\pw, k\ym-km-{i-a-th-f-bn¬ D]-\n-j-Øn\pw

{]m[m\yw KWn-bv°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

D]m-k\m {][m-\-amb kma-th-Z-Øn\v

Fs¥-∂n-√mØ {]m[m-\yw, tkma-bm-Km-Zn-{iuX

I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ \¬In hcp-∂p-≠v. ""kma-bXn tZhm≥

At\\ CXn-kma'' F∂mWv kmb-W-a-Xw.

tZh≥amsc can-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv kmaw F∂¿∞w.

hm°n-t\mSpw {]mW-t\mSpw IqSn -tN¿∂Xv

GXmtWm AXmWv kmaw F∂v _rl-Zm-cWy

tIm]-\n-j-Ønepw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. kam-iz-kn-∏n-°p-

∂Xv (Soothing), XpjvSn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv kma-am-Ip-

∂p. kmaw kmXzn-I-am-Wv. (km-a-th-Z-Øns‚ Bizm-

k-Zm-bI kz`m-hsØ°pdn®v ]n∂o-Sv {]kvXm-hn-

°p-∂p≠v.)

kma-th-Z-Øn\v IuYp-aw, cmWm-b-\o-bw,

ssPao-\obw F∂o aq∂p kwln-X-Ifpw (im-J),

XmWvUyw, Omtμm-Kyw, ssPan-\obw AYhm Xe-

h-Imcw F∂v aq∂v {_m“-W-ß-fp-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

""kl-{k-h¿flm kma-thZ:'' F∂mWv ]X--RvPen

alm- m-jy-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Bbncw imJ-

I-fp-≈-XmWv kma-th-Zw F∂m-Wn-Xns‚ Xmev]-

cyw. AkwJyw imJ-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p

Icp-Xn-bmepw sX‰n-√. Hmtcmtcm Ejn-am-cpsS t]cp-

I-fn¬ AXmXv imJ-Iƒ Adn-b-s∏-´p-h-cp-∂p.

thZsØ \mem°n hn`-Pn® IrjvW-ssZz-]m-b\

al¿ln Hmtcm∂pw Hmtcm injy≥am¿°p-]-tZ-

in-®p. kma-thZw ssPan-\n-°m-Wp-]-tZ-in-®-Xv. AXv

injy-{]-injy ]c-º-c-bm¬ \nc-h[n imJ-I-fmbn

{]N-cn-°-s∏-´p.

{]kn-≤-amb Ztim-]-\n-j-Øp-I-fn¬ Omtμm-

Kyw, tI\w F∂nh kma-th-Zm-¥¿K-X-am-Ip-∂p.

Omtμm-tKym-]-\n-j-Ønse ""XXz-akn'' BWv kma-

th-Zo-b-amb alm-Im-hyw. (O-μ- ns\ Km\w sNøp-

∂-h¿ Otμm-K≥am¿. kma-th-Zn-Isf Otμm-

K≥am¿ F∂v hyh-l-cn-°m-dp-≠v.)

ta¬∏-d™ aq∂v imJ-I-fn¬ ssPan-\ob

imJ-bm-Wv tIc-fØn¬ \S-∏n-ep≈Xv. I¿Æm-S-

Iw, Xan-gv\m-Sv, B{‘m-{]-tZiv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnepw

ssPan-\ob kma-thZw {]Nm-c-Øneps≠¶nepw,

tIc-fob {_m“-W-cmb \ºq-Xn-cn-am-cpsS thtZm-

®m-cW coXn AXy¥w hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. IuYp-a-

imJ Hdo , DØ¿{]-tZ-iv, _wKmƒ, I¿Æm-S-I,

Xan-gv\mSv F∂o mK-ß-fn-epw, cmWm-b-\o-b-imJ

I¿Æm-S-Iw, cmP-ÿm≥, alm-cm-jv{S, KpP-dmØv,

B{‘m-{]-tZ-iv, DØ¿{]-tZiv F∂o kwÿm-\-

ß-fn-epw, Nne-bn-S-sØ√mw ipjv°-am-sW-¶n-epw,

{]Nm-c-Øn-ep-≠v.

kma-th-Z-kw-ln-X-bnse a{¥-ß-fn¬, \qdn¬

Xmsg-bp-≈h HgnsI F√mw Xs∂, EtKz-Z-Øn-ep-

≈h Xs∂-bm-Wv. F∂m¬, sNm√p∂ coXn ˛

kzc-hn-[m\w ˛ Gsd hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. kmam-\y-

kz-c-Øn-ep-≈, AXm-bXv DZm-Øm-\p-ZmØ kzcnX

]q¿Δ-I-amb EIv kwln-X-bpw, AtX a{¥-ßƒ

Xs∂ kzcn®v Km\m-fl-I-ambn sNm√p∂ Km\-kw-

ln-Xbpw tN¿∂-XmWv kma-thZ kwln-X. C-cp-

]-Øn-b©v A[ym-b-ß-fp≈ Bc-Wy-I-Km\w

AYhm N{μm-kmaw IqSn Dƒs∏-Sp -∂-XmWv

- 11 -


kwln-X; a‰v mK-ßƒ ]Xn-hn-s√-¶nepw N{μm-kmaw

k\ym-km-{i-an-I-fmb kzman-bm¿amcpw sNm√m-dp-≠v.

F√m thZ-ßƒ°pw Hmtcm D]-th-Z-ap-s≠∂v

kqNn-∏n-®p-h-t√m. Km‘¿ΔthZ-amWv km-a-th-Z-

Øns‚ D]-th-Zw. AXm-bXv kwKoXw kay-°mb

KoXw AYhm Km\w BWv kwKoXw. {]]-©-

kw-KoXw Xs∂ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-XmWv kma-th-Zw.

aq∂p kma-thZ imJ-I-fnepw h®v ssPan-\ob

kma-th-Z-amWv IqSp-X¬ kwKo-Xm-fl-I-sa∂v

kmμ¿`n-I-ambn {]kvXm-hn-®p-sIm-≈-s´. kma-

Øn¬ \n∂v P\n-®-XmWv kwKoXw F∂-Xn-\m¬

kmaPw F∂ ]Zw kwKo-X-Øns‚ ]cym-b-ambn

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

kma-th-Z-Øn¬ \n∂mWv kwKoXw D¤-hn-

®-sX-∂-Xn\v ]ucm-WnI {KŸ-ß-fn¬ \nc-h[n

{]am-W-ßƒ ImWp-h≥ Ign-bpw. NneXp am{Xw

Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p.

""kma-th-Zm-ZnZw KoXw

kwP-{Kml ]nXmalx'' F∂v im¿MvK-tZ-h≥

kwKoX cXv\m-I-c-Ønepw

""P{Kml ]mTy-arKvthZm¬

kma-t`ym-Ko-X-tah N'' F∂v `c-X-ap-\n-bpsS

\mSy-im-kv{X-Ønepw

""EIv`n: ]mTy a`qXv KoXw

kma`y: ka-]-ZyX

bPq¿t`ym-`n-\Ow PmXm˛

ckm-›m-Y¿ΔW: karXm:'' F∂v kwKoX Z¿∏-

W-sa∂ {KŸ-Ønepw,

""kma-th-ZmZv kztcm PmX:

kztct`ym {Kma-kw-`hm:'' F∂v amXw-K≥ _rl-

t±in-I-bnepw

""k]vX-kz-cmkvXp Kobt¥

kma-`n- m-a-ssK¿∫pss[:'' F∂v amWvUpIy-

inIvjbnepw ]d-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

CXn¬\n∂v, kwKo-X-Ønse {]amW {KŸ-

ß-sf-√mw, kwKo-X-Øns‚ D¤hw kma-th-Z-Øn¬

\n∂m-sW∂pw kma-th-Z-Øn¬ k]vX-kz-c-{]-

tbmKw Ds≠∂pw AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-s≠∂v hy‡-

am-W-t√m.

thtZm-®m-cWw {][m-\-ambn aq∂p hn[-Øn-

em-Wp-≈-Xv. B¿®n-Iw, KmYn-Iw, kman-Iw. EIv,

KmY, kmaw F∂n hm°p-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏- mWn

]Z-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B¿®nIw GI kzc-

am-Wv. \ΩpsS \mńse ]e BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-

fnepw (A-ssh-Zn-I-hpw) B¿®nI coXn-bm-W-h-ew-

_n-°p-∂-Xv. KmYn-Iw, DZm-Øm-\p-Zm-Ø-ßƒ

tN¿∂-Xm-Wv. bPq¿tΔZ {_m“-W-ßƒ (Nne D]-

\n-j-Øp-I-fpw) Cu k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ sNm√n hcp-

∂p. kman-I-am-I-s´, DZm-Øw, A\p-Zm-Øw, kzcnXw

F∂nh tN¿∂-Xm-Wv. EtKz-Zhpw bPq¿tΔ-Zhpw

DZm-Øm-Zn-kz-c-{X-b-k-ta-X-amWv sNm√p-∂-Xv.

""Dss®-cp-ZmØ:, \ossN-c-\p-ZmØ:......'' F∂o hn[-

Øn¬ kzc-{]-b-Xv\sØ sshøm-I-c-W-∑m-¿ hnh-

cn-®n-´p-≠v. hmt§-b-Im-c-∑m-cpsS coXn-bn¬, "\n'

kzcw A\p-Zm-Ø-Øn-\pw, "k' kzcw DZm-Ø-Øn\pw

"cn' kzcw kzcn-XØn\pw kam-\-am-Wv. ({]-N-bw,

Iºw F∂o kzc-t`-Z-ßfpw hnc-f-ambn {]tbm-Kn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.)

kzc-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-am\w am{X-bm-Wv.Xma-c-Ip-fßcbn¬ 2010- ¬ \S∂ kma-th-Zm¿®\

- 12 -


am{X-bn¬ hyXymkw h∂m¬ thZw sNm√p-∂Xv

]ng-®-Xmbn IW-°m-°pw. icn-bmb am{X-bn¬,

kzc-Øn¬, ho≠pw Bh¿Øn-°-Ww. sX‰n

sNm√p-∂Xv ]m]-am-sW-∂m-Wv hnizm-kw. \n›nX

coXn-bn¬ sNm√-W-sa∂v hn[n-bp-≠v. kzc-Øn¬

ISp-InS am‰w hcp-Øp-hm≥ sNm√p-∂-h\v Ah-Im-

i-an-√. AXm-b-Xv, at\m-[¿Ω-Øn\v {]k-‡n-bn-

s√∂v Npcp-°w.

tkma-bm-Kw, AXn-cm{Xw F∂n-h-bn¬ kma-

th-Zn-I-fmb DZvKm-Xm-°ƒ kma-Km\w \S-Øp-

tºmƒ, CXc thZn-I-fmb a‰v EXzn-°p-Iƒ (D-]-

Km-Xm-°-sf-∂mWv Chsc hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv)

]Xn-\mep am{X-bn¬ AI-ºSn ]mS-W-sa∂v

{iuX-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ hn[n-bp-≠v. bmK-Øn\v imem-

am-{X-bn¬ sNm√pI F∂ Hcp coXn Xs∂ hnti-

j-am-bp-≠v. EtKz-Z-Ønse PS, cY XpS-ßnb hnIr-

Xn-I-fn-epw, bPq¿tΔ-Z-Ønse sIm v, tLmjw XpS-

ßnb {]tbm-K-ß-fnepw, kwlnXm kzc-k-{º-Zm-

b-Øn¬ \n∂v hn`n-∂-am-bn-´m-Wv thZm-em-]-\w.

{ihW kpμ-c-amb Cu {]tbm-K-ßƒ tIc-f-

Øns‚ am{Xw {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.

DZm-Øm-Zn-kz-c-ßƒ tem-I-Øn¬ a‰n-S-ß-

fnepw aX-]-c-amb NS-ßp-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-

h-cp -∂p-≠v. ASp-Øn-sS, kpdn-bm\n hn`m-K-

Øn¬s∏-´, kwKo-X-⁄-cmb Nne {InkvXob

]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS D’m-l-Øn¬, ""kocn'' F∂

kwL-S\-bpsS Iogn¬, tIm´-bØp h®v kwKo-X-

hn-j-b-I-ambn Hcp skan-\m¿ \S-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

kma-th-ZsØ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn®v Cu teJ-I\pw

]s¶-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. \ΩpsS thtZm-®m-c-W-

Øns‚ coXnbpambn hfsc kmay-ap≈ coXn-bn-

emWv Ah-cpsS Nne {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ. lo{_p,

em‰n≥ `mj-I-fn-ep≈ Bem-]-\-ß-fp-am-bp≈

kmZr-iy-ßfpw N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-bn. lo{_p kwKo-

Xhpw kma-kw-Ko-Xhpw XΩn-ep≈ KmV-amb

kmZr-iy-sØ-°p-dn®v Bdv Zim-_vZ-ßƒ°p ap≥]p-

X-s∂, aZn-cm-in-bnse tUm. hn. cmL-h≥ ]T\w

\S-Øp-Ibpw {]_‘w {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXn- p-≠v. (The Music of Hebrews - Resemblanceto Samaveda Chart)

\mev, A©v, Bdv, Ggv kzc-ßsf D]-tbm-K-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ kwKo-X-sØ-°p-dn®v hni-Z-amb hnh-

c-W-ßƒ imkv{X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ImWmw. kzcm-¥-

cw, HuU-hw, jmU-hw, kºq¿Æw F∂n-ß-s\-

bm-Wn-h-bpsS kmt¶-XnI \ma-ßƒ.

""B¿®n-tIm-Km-Yn-I-ss›h

kman-I› kzcm-¥c:

HuU-hw, jmUhw ssNh

kºq¿Æ-tizXn k]vXa:

GI-kz-c-{]-tbm-tKmln

B¿®nI: tkm`n-[o-btX

KmYn-tIm-Zzn-kz-tcm-t⁄b:

{Xnkz-c-ss›h kmanI:

NXp-kz-c-{]-tbm-tKmln

IYn-XkvXp kzcm-¥c:''

F∂p XpS-ßnb t«mI-ßƒ aXw-Ks‚

_rl-tZ-in-I-bn¬ D≈-Xm-Wv.

kcn-Ka XpS-ßnb k]vX-kz-c-ßƒ°v aqem-

[m-c-amb kma-th-Z-Ønse kzc-ßƒ°v, {IpjvSw,

{]Y-aw, ZznXo-bw, a[y-aw, NXp¿∞w, a{μw, AXn-

kzmcyw F∂n-hbmWv \ma-ß-sf∂v ssXØn-cob

{]mXn-im-Jy-Ønepw hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. (Xm-c-Xayw

hyp¬{I-a-am-bn-´m-Wv thWp-\m-Z-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-

SpØn \mc-Zob in£-bn¬ Cßns\ ]d-™n-cn-

°p-∂p˛

""b: kma-Km\mw {]Ya:

kth-tWm¿a-[ya: kzc:

tbmZzn-Xob: k Km-‘mc:

XrXo-bkvXzr j`: kvarX:

NXp¿∞w jUvP CXymlp:

]©tam ss[htXm `th¬

jjvtTm \njmtZm hnt⁄b:

k]vXaw ]©a: kvarX:''

- 13 -


(a-K-cn-k-[-\n] F∂v {Iaw)

GXm\pw h¿j-ßƒ°p ap≥]v I¿Æm-S-I-

Ønse {io cma-N-{μm-]pcw aTØn¬ h®v \S∂

A¥m-cmjv{S kma-thZ ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]s¶-S-

°p-∂-Xn\pw Hcp {]_‘w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-

Xn\pw Ah-kcw e`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. XZ-h-k-c-

Øn¬ km£m¬ tbip-Zmkpw a‰v {]K-¤cpw k`m-

] -Xn -I -fmbn D≠m-bn -cp -∂p. {]_-‘m-h -X -

cWØn\n-S-bn¬Øs∂ kPo-h-am-bpw, hfsc

A\p-Iq-e-ambpw k¿Δ{io tbip-Zmkv CS-s]-Sp-

Ibpw ssPan-\ob kma-Km-\-Øns‚ hnti-j-X-Iƒ

FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. Jc-l-c-{]nb cmK-

tØmSv tN¿Øphbv°m-hp-∂-tXm, kmZr-iy-ap-≈-

tXm, Bbn-´mWv kma-Km-\sØ At±lw \ncq-]n-

®-Xv. CXn-\-Sn-ÿm\w ta¬∏-d™ \mc-Zob in£-

bnse {]kvXm-h-am-sW∂pw Icp-Xmw. At±lw

FSp-Øp-]-d™ as‰mcp Imcyw a‰v tZiob k{º-

Zm-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-am-bn, \ºq-Xn-cn-am-

cpsS HmØp-sNm-√-en¬ {ipXn-bpsS A`m-h-hpw,

X¬^-e-am-bp≈ A`w-Knbpw apg®p \n¬°p-∂-

Xmbn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. Xan-gv\m- nse

IuYp-a-imJm k{º-Zm-b-amWv Jc-l-c-{]n-b-tbmSv

A\p-Kp-W-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂pw {i≤m¿l-am-Wv.

bmKmZn I¿Ω-ß-fn-epw, t£{X-ß-fnse

{]Xn-jvTm-Zn-ip` I¿Ω-ß-fnepw a‰pw kma-Km\w

\n¿∫-‘-am-W-t√m. It®cnIfnepw a‰pw D≈-Xp-

t]me ]°-tafw thZm-em-]\ ka-bØv C∂v \S-

∏n-en√. F∂m¬, tkma-bm-K-Ønse AXn-hn-in-

jvS-amb cY-¥-c-kmaw (`-Imc cY-¥cw ˛ aqe-a-

{¥-Ønse A£-c-ßƒ°p ]Icw ` Im-c-amWv

sNm√p-∂-Xv. kzc-Øn\pw A®n\pw hyXym-k-an-√.

DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v ""AZvKv[m-Ch'' F∂-Xn\v "" ``q-

`m-`n-t`....'' F∂v kzcn®v sNm√p-∂p.) sNm√p∂

ka-bØv GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn¬ D®-Øn-ep≈

sIm´¬ C∂pw A\p-jvTn®p hcp-∂p-≠v. sNºntem

IpS-Øntem ]m´bntem BWv I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv.

CXn\v Dt]m-Zv_-e-I-ambn {iuX-{K-Ÿ-ß-fnepw

{_m“W {KŸ-ß-fnepw hmZy-ßƒ hmbn-°p-hm≥

hn[n-bp-≠v. a‰n-S-ß-fn¬ Ct∏mgpw AXmXv ka-b-

ß-fn¬ hmZyw apg-°m-dp-≠v.

1980 Ifn-em-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p, _\m-dkv

lμp-bq-Wn-th-gvkn-‰n -bnse kwKo-X-imkv{X

hn`mKw tae-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ {ioaXn cMvK-\m-

bIn Aø-¶m-cpsS D’m-l-Øn¬ kma-th-Z-˛-kw-

KoX kw_-‘n-bmbn Hcp skan-\m¿ \S-°p-I-bp-

≠m-bn. kma-th-Zm-em-]\Øn\v AI-º-Sn-bmbn

GXv ]°-hm-Zy-amWv IqSpX¬ A\p-tbmPyw

F∂pw a‰pw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn-Øs∂ hne-bn-cp-

Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. X’-a-bØv kma-th-Zhpw

kwKo-Xhpw XΩnep≈ _‘hpw Gsd N¿® sNø-

s∏- p.

tZi-Ime h¿§-h¿Æ hyXym-k-ßƒ°v D]-

cn-bmWv ip≤ kwKo-X-sa∂v ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Øp∂

Hcp A\p- hw IqSn ChnsS ]¶p-h-bv°-s´. DtZymK

kw_-‘-ambn Ad_n cmPy hmk-Øn-\n-S-bn¬,

jnb, kp∂n hn`m-K-ß-fn¬s∏´ ap…nw ]ptcm-ln-

X-cpsS {]m¿∞\ (hm-¶p-hn-fn) ÿnc-ambn {i≤n-

°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A¤p-X-I-c-sa∂p ]d-b-s´,

thZm-em-]-\-hp-ambn AXy¥w kmZriyw D≈-Xm-

bn-´mWv tXm∂n-b-Xv. (tI-c-f-Ønse hm¶p-hn-fn°v

C{Xbpw kmZriyw tXm∂m-dn-√.)

]uc-kvXy-am-I-s´, ]m›m-Xy-am-I-s´, ]ucm-

Wn-I-amb kwKoX[mc-Iƒ F√mw Hcp Nc-Sn¬

tIm¿Ø aWn-I-fm-sW∂v CXn¬ \n∂v hy‡-am-

W-t√m. as‰√m kwkv°m-c-ß-tf-°mfpw ]pcm-X-

\hpw DØ-tam-Ø-a-hp-amb \ΩpsS k\m-X\

kwkv°m-c-Øns‚ aln-abpw Kcn-abpw DØ-tcm-

Øcw \sΩ A¤pX ]c-X-{¥-cm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p.

kam-izmk NnIn-’-bnepw (Palliative),

kwKoX NnIn-’-bnepw (Music Therapy) kma-th-Z-

Øn\v AXn-{]-[m-\-amb ]¶p-h-ln-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-

sa-∂mWv Cu teJ-Is‚ A`n-{]m-bw. AXmXv

- 14 -


tUm. tXm´w inh-I-c≥ \ºqXncn : kma-thZn, tPjvT≥ {io tXm´w IrjvW≥

\ºq-Xn-cn-tbm-Sp-IqsS Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-c-bn¬ kma-th-Zm¿®\ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

Ipdn-®n-Øm\w {io[cn Bbp¿tΔ-ZnIv sk‚dnse No^v ^nkn-jy≥.

kma-Km-\-Øn\v tbmPn® X{¥n-hm-Zy-tam, kpjn-

c-hm-Zy-tam, Ah-\-≤-hm-Zytam D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn

C∂sØ B[p-\nI temI-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ IqSp-

X¬ D]-Imc-{]-Z-am-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ thZm-em-]-

\sØ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ th≠ Kth-jW ]T-

\ -ßƒ \S -Øp -hm≥ imkv{X -⁄m-\n -Iƒ

apt∂m-´p-h-cs´ F∂p {]m¿∞n-®p-sIm≠v ""hncm-a-

kvXm-h¬''.

k¿tΔ `h¥p kpJn\:

k¿tΔ -k¥p \ncm-abm:

k¿tΔ `{ZmWn ]iy¥p

am I›n¬ Zp:J-`m-Iv`-th¬

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t£{X \ho-I-cW b⁄ ]¶m-fnØ ê-{ipXn

t£{X \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ [\-k-a¿∏Ww \S-Øn-bm¬ Ign™ Ggv P∑-ß-fn-tebpw hcp∂ Ggp-P-∑-ß-fn-tebpw ]m]w C√m-Xm-Ip-sa∂v sshjvWh kwln-X-Iƒ]d-bp-∂p.

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mqbªcXiä oeãkav MjCcÖh¥!ImWn°bnS¬ {][m\w

SnâebqóbgX ckjbfäTgofbmX ceùlceCx lecjXkgä~j ùMrOqîMem£ebfsvjeùlfãfw aìùlèfvg hgJaèsTBgÿgúfTgÿlx. DnRejYtóflveãipbrjszÜ cgkäfw beoõaIeó~ägsë Dkêëfaãesë SBgÿgúgÿ YibevxkeCfTãqh¥fTgÿlx GÑfóxë kejõmeíõèfvx Gèccsùl. SBgÿúfh¥xaìùlèfvkèx ùhabMfTgaêeW Y©pv~WTx keCfTãqh¥fTgbevgúmdkjõX GçeãfjfTgÿleCx. mqbªenRejYtóflveãf SBgÿúgÿ YibesvkQkgäfqsT oqMfòªx keCfTãqh¥fòªx mdYeiõX avëgbez Y©pv~WTxbqóèfsnejg ùhebMõX ceùlX kfögÿ DbmjceCflx.

- 15 -


tUm. F. PeP h¿Ω

`mcX kwKoXw Ncn-{X-Øn-eqsS

kwKo-X-Øns‚ D¤hw {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ \n∂p

Xs∂-bm-Wv. lrZ-b-Øn-s‚bpw izmk-tIm-i-Øn-

s‚bpw {Iaw-sX-‰m-sX-bp≈ Ne\w a\p-jy\v Xmf-

t_m[w \¬In-sb-¶n¬, Infn-I-fpsS If-Iq-P-\-

ßfpw, \Zn-I-fpsS If-I-fm-c-hhpw, h≠p-I-fpsS aqf-

epw, Im‰n≥ a¿Ω-c-hpw, Pohn-I-fpsS hnhn[ Xc-

Øn-ep≈ i_vZhpw tI´v Bkz-Zn®v a\p-jy\v

kwKo-Xm-kzm-Z-\-tijn e`n-®n-cn-°pw.

]pcm-X\ a\p-jy¿ tZh {]oXn-°p-th≠n \S-

Øn-h∂ ]qPmZn I¿Ω-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-

Wv {]mIrX kwKoXw `mc-X-Øn¬ DSseSpØ-Xv.

hyh-ÿm-]n-X-amb mc-Xob kwKo-X-Øns‚

D¤hw IrXy-ambn \n¿W-bn-°m≥ km[y-a-s√-

¶nepw kwKo-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ BZy {]Xn-]m-Z\w

thZ-ß-fn-em-Wv. ]mZ-ßsf kwKo-Xm-fl-I-ambn

{]tbm-Kn-®Xv EIv, kmaw F∂o thZ-ß-fn-em-Wv.

EtKzZ Ime-L- -Øn¬ BZn kwKoXw "\n' A\p-

Zm-Øw, "k' ˛ kzcn-Xw, "cn' ˛ DZmØw F∂n-

ßs\ 3 kzc-ß-sf-bmWv Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

Ime-{I-taW CXp hnI-kn®v "K' "[' kzc-ßƒ

IqSn k∂n-th-in-∏n®v ˛ K cn k \n k ˛ F∂n-

ßs\ 5 kzc-ß-fmbn Xo¿∂p. kma-Km\ Ime-L-

´-Øn¬ \n∂p XpS-ßnb Cu {]{Inb hnI-kn®v

D]-\n-jZv Ime-L- -am-b-t∏m-tgbv°pw ]q¿Æ-ambn

7 kzc-ßƒ "aK-cn-k-\n-[]' ˛ F∂n-ßs\ Ah-

tcm-lW {Ia-Øn¬ {]tbmKn-°-s∏-´p.

]ucm-WnI Imew apX¬°p≈ Cu kwKoX

]mc-º-cysØ am¿Kn kwKoXw F∂pw, Ime-

Øn\pw tZi-Øn\pw A\p-k-cn-®v, `mc-X-Øns‚

hnhn[ {]tZ-i-ßfn¬ hyXykvX coXn-bn¬

AXmXv kwkvImcw Dƒs°m-≠v, X\n-a-tbm-sS,

DƒXn-cn-™p-h∂ {]mtZ-inI kwKoX k{º-Zm-

bsØ "tZio' kwKoXw F∂pw hnfn-®p-t]m-∂p.

"tZio' kwKo-X-Øn\p DZm-l-c-W-ß-f-s{X.

t]¿jy≥ kzm[o -\-Øm¬ DØ-tc-¥y-bn¬

hym]n® kwKoX k{º-Zm-bhpw Z£n-tW-¥y-

bnse kwKoX k{º-Zm-b-hpw.

]pcm-X\ `mc-Xob kwKo-XsØ Bdv

kwKoX ]≤Xn (kv°qƒ) Ifmbn Xcw Xncn-bv°-

s∏-ń-´p-≠v. {_“aXw, inhaXw, \mcZaXw, l\p-

aZvaXw, `cXaXw, I√n-\mYaXw F∂n-ß-s\.

F.-Un. 1˛4 \q‰m-≠n-∂n-S-bn¬ hnc-Nn-X-ambn

F∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ `cXap\n-bpsS \mSy-im-

kv{XsØ A[n-I-cn®v hf¿∂p hnI-kn® ]≤-Xn-

bs{X B[p-\nI kwKo-X- -\rØ k{º-Zm-bw. cX

ap\n-bv°p-tijw 4˛7 \q‰m-≠n-∂n-S-bn¬ Fgp-X-s∏´

aXw-K-ap-\n-bpsS "_rl-±-in, 7˛11 \q‰m-≠n-∂n-S-bn¬

cNn® \mc-Z-ap-\n-bpsS "kwKoX aI-cμw' 11- 14 ∂nS-

bn¬ kmcß tZhs‚ kwKoX cXv\m-I-c-Øn\v

I√o-\m-Y≥ \¬Inb hymJym-\w, F∂o {KŸ-ßƒ

`mc-Xob kwKo-X-Øns‚ hf¿®-bn¬ kp{]-[m\

]¶p-h-ln-bv°p-∂p.

Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿°nS-bn¬ GIm- n-{]m-b-an-s√-

¶nepw a[y-G-jy-bn¬ \n∂p≈ Bcy-∑m-cpsS

A[n-\n-th-i-Øn\p apºv `mc-X-Øn¬ hyh-ÿm-

]n-X-amb Hcp kwKo-X-˛-\rØ kwhn-[m\w \ne-

\n-∂n-cp∂p F∂-Xn\v [mcmfw sXfn-hp-I-fp-≠v. mc-

X-Øn¬ \ne-\n-∂p-t]m-∂n-cp∂ AXn-{]m-No-\-Iem

kwkvIm-csØ kzmwio-I-cn-bv°m≥ Bcy-∑m¿

Xøm-dmbn. Aßns\ mc-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw cXap\n-

bpsS \mSy-im-kv{Xw, aXw-Ks‚ _rl-t±-io,

kmcß tZhs‚ kwKoX cXv\m-Icw apX-emb

{KŸ-ßsf ASn -ÿm-\ -am°n kwKo -Xhpw

\rØhpw Htc kc-Wn-bn¬ hf¿∂p hnI-kn-®p.

- 16 -


]n¬°m-eØv apKƒ cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS B{I-

a-W-hpw, t]¿jy, CuPn-]vXv, Atd_y XpS-ßnb

tZi-ß-fp-am-bp≈ kº¿°hpw \nanØw hntZi

kwKo-X-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-Øm¬ DØ-tc-¥y-bn¬

Hcp {]tXyI kwKoX kcWn DS-se-Sp-Øp. XXv -

e-ambn GI-tZiw 14-˛mw \q‰m-t≠msS `mc-Xob

kwKoXw lnμp-ÿm\o kwKo-X-sa∂pw I¿Wm-

SI kwKo-X-sa∂pw c≠p imJ-I-fmbn ]ncn-™p.

DØ-tc-¥y≥ kwKoXw F.-Un.

]›n-ta-jy-bn¬ \n∂pw hnhn[ Ime-ß-fn-

ep-≠mb sshtZ-inI B{I-a-W-Øn≥ ê-ambn

DØc mc-X-Øn¬ cq]w {]m]n® Iem kmwkv°m-

cnI kwtbm-P\w Fusion A.D 12-˛mw \q‰m-t≠msS

A∂p \ne-hn-en-cp∂ mc-Xob kwKoX kwkv°m-

c-Øn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-∂-am-bn, Gsd khn-ti-j-X-

I-tfmsSbp≈ Hcp kwKoX kwkv°mcambn amdn.

EIv, kmaw F∂o thZ-ß-fnse {ipXn-\n-_-≤-amb

at{¥m-®m-c-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ]cn-W-an® mc-Xob

kwKo-Xw, t]¿jy≥ kwKo-X-Øn-s‚-bpw, Aao¿

Ip{kp XpS-ßnb kq^n kwKo-X-⁄-cp-tS-bpw,

apKƒ N{I-h¿Øn-am-cpsS kwKoX kZ- nse

Sm≥k≥ apX-emb kwKo -X -⁄-cp -tSbpw

sshjvWh k\ym-kn-am-cpsS Io¿Ø-\-ß-fp-tSbpw

kzm[o-\-Øm¬ cmK-˛-Xmf \n_-≤-amb Hcp

hyXykvX kwKoX ka-\z-b-ambn amdn. XpS¿∂v

DS-se-SpØ kwKoX k{º-Zm-b-amWv C∂sØ

lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-Xw. 1900-˛mw am≠n¬ hnjvWp

\mcm-b-W≥ `mSv Jt≠ lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-X-

Øns‚ cmK k{º-Zm-bsØ hnhn[ Ym´p-I-fm°n

({I-am-\p-k-c-W-ambn hcp∂ kzc-k-aq-lw) Nn´-s∏-

Sp-Øn. AXn\p ap≥]v cmK-˛-cm-KnWn hyhÿ-bm-

bn-cp∂p D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. `m´v Jt≠-bpsS ka-Im-

en-I\pw A‘-\p-amb hnjvWp- Zn-K-º¿ ]ep-

kvIm¿, Xm≥ emtlm-dn¬ 1901-˛¬ ÿm]n®

Km‘¿h alm-hn-Zym-eb kwKoX ]mT-im-e-bn-eq-

sS, cmP-Iob sIm´m-c-ß-fn¬ am{Xw HXpßn \n∂n-

cp∂ hnhn[ "Lcm\-I-fn¬ \n∂v DØ-tc-¥y≥

kwKo-XsØ hnap-‡-am-°n, AXn\v Hcp P\-Iob

kz`mhw ]I¿∂p.

10 Ym´p-Ifpw Ah-bpsS D]-hn-`m-K-ß-fmb

cmK-ß-fp-amWv Cu kwKoX k{º-Zm-b-Øn\v B[m-

cw. Imew, kabw F∂n-hsb _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈

cmK-ß-fpsS {]tbmKw lnμp-ÿm\n kwKoX

k{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ Hcp khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. {Zp]Zv

Jym¬, Tpavcn F∂nh ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn ]mSn-h-

cp∂ kwKoX cq]-ß-fm-Wv. I¿°-i-amb \nb-a-

ß-fn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb {Zp]Zv kwKoXw 15-˛mw

\q‰m-≠n¬ Kzmfn-tbm¿ `cn-®n-cp∂ am≥knßv

tXma¿ alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ ImeØv Bhn¿`-hn-®-Xm-

sW∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Aao¿ Ip{ºp-hns‚

Ime-ØmWv "Jym¬' kwKoXw Bcw- n-®-Xv. {]tbm-

K-Øns‚ hyXymkw A\p-k-cn®v tOm´m Jym¬,

_Sm-Jym¬ F∂n-ßs\ c≠v D]-hn-`m-K-ß-fp-≠v.

GXm≠v 160 sIm√-ßƒ°p apºmWv eIv\u-hn¬

"Tpadn'bpsS D¤-hw. Jam-Pv, ss`chn ]oep,

_nwπmkn F∂o cmK-ß-fn¬ A[n-Ihpw Ah-X-

cn-∏n-bv°-s∏-Sp∂ irwKm-c-ck {][m-\-amb Tpa-

dnbv°v _\m-d-kv, ]©m-_v, eIv\u F∂o 3

ssien (L-cm-\) Ifp-≠v. ]©m-_n, lnμn F∂o

`mj-Iƒ Ie¿∂ \mS≥ ssien-bn¬ 18-˛mw

\q‰m≠p apX¬ t{]a KoX-ßƒ ]mSn t]mcp∂

coXn-bmWv T∏. (DZm: loc-cm-©) Tpavdn t]mep≈

as‰mcp kwKoX cq]-amWv Zm{Z. Xmf-s®m-√p-Isf

Dƒs∏-SpØn Jym¬ kwKo-X-Øn¬ \n∂v DƒØn-

cn™v 14-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ cq]m-¥-c-s∏´ as‰mcp

kwKo-X-cq-]-as{X "Xcm\'.

]me-°m´v cma mK-h-X¿ I¬∏mØn Ipw`m- n-tjIw 1957

- 17 -


Xangv kwKoX ]mc-ºcyw

{]mNo\ Imew apX¬°p Xs∂ Xangv

\mń¬ hfsc hnImkw {]m]n® Hcp kwKoX

]≤Xn \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xm-bn, {InkvXp-h¿jw

2˛mw \q‰m-≠n-ep≠mbXv F∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂

""Nne-∏-Xn-Imcw'' F∂ Xangv Imhy-Øn¬ \n∂pw

a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-°pw. Cu ]≤-Xn°v c-Xs‚

\mSy-imkv{Xw XpS-ßnb kwkvIrX {KŸ-ß-fn¬

ImWp∂ `mc-Xob kwKo-X-hp-ambn ASn-ÿm\

XØz-ß-fn¬ kmZr-iy-ap-s≠-¶nepw kmt¶-XnI

\ma-I-c-W-ß-fnepw coXn-I-fnepw hyXymkw ImWp-

∂p. BZyw ]¥o-cm-bncw cmK-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-

Xmbpw ]n¬°m-eØv Ah Npcpßn 103 ]Ïƒ

(ap-Jy-cmK-ßƒ) Bb-Xmbpw ImWp-∂p. ]nwKf

\nL-≠p....-t]m-ep≈ {]mNo\ {KŸ-ß-fn¬ hnh-

cn-®p-Im-Wp∂ ]Ï-fn¬ A¥m-fn, hcm-Sn, ]©-

aw, [\m-{in, C¥-fw, Km‘m-cw, Iuin-Iw, {ioIm-

a-cw apX-emb {]mNo\ cmK-ßƒ A¤p-X-sa∂p

]d-bs´ tIc-f-Øns‚ X\-Xmb IqSn-bm-´-Ønepw

IY-I-fn-bnepw {]tbm-K-Øn-ep-≠v.

{]mNo\ Xangv kwKoX ]≤Xn "h´-∏msse'

F∂mWv Adn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xv. Cu k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬

12 kzc-ßsf 12 {Kl-ß-fp-ambn kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®n-cn-

bv°p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. k]vX-kz-c-ßƒ jUvPw,

cnj-`w, Km‘m-cw, a≤y-aw, ]©-aw, ss[h-Xw,

\njm[w kcn-K-a-]-[-\n˛ {]mNo\ Xangv kwKoX

]≤-Xn-bn¬ Ggp kzc-ßƒ°v Ipd¬, Xp{Sw,

ssI°n-ssf, Dssg, Xpfn, hnem-cn, Xmcw F∂o

t]cp-I-fn-emWv Adn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xv F∂v 8˛mw \q‰m-

≠n¬ cNn® "Xnhm-Icw' F∂ Xangv \nL-≠p-

hn¬ ImWp-∂p. C∂p \ne-hn-ep≈ \ma-I-cW

]≤-Xnbv°v 800 sIm√sØ ]g-°-ta-bp-≈p.

]gb Xangv kwKoX kwkv°m-c-Øn¬ \ne-

\n-∂n-cp∂ hnhn[ kwKoX ]≤-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn®v

{]Xn-]m-Zn-bv°p∂ `mjm imkv{X-{K-Ÿ-amWv

kwL-Ime L -Ønse "sXm¬°m-∏nbw'. CXn¬

sXmgn¬]-c-ambn {]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hmZy-kw-Ko-

X-Øns\ "]ssd' F∂pw am\-knI D√m-k-Øn-

\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns\ "bmgv' As√-¶n¬

"]¨' F∂n-ß-s\-bm-Wv hn`-Pn-bv°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-

Xv.

7,8,9 F∂o \q‰m-≠p-Isf tXhm-cw, Znhy-{]-

_‘w F∂o Znhy kvtXm{X-ß-fpsS Ime-L-´-

ambn Icp-Xmw. Xncp-\m-h-°-c-i¿, Xncp-⁄m\

kw_-\v[¿, kpμ-c-aq¿Øn \mb-\m¿ \mb≥am¿

F∂o 3 ssih aX k\ymknamcmWv tXhmc

kvtXm{X-ßƒ cNn-®-Xv. 24 hnhn[ "]¨' Ifn-em-

bmWv Ch-bpsS kwKoXw. AXn-{]m-No\ cmK-ß-

fn¬ H∂mb taml-\-cm-K-Øns‚ {]tbmKw I≠p-

h-cp-∂Xv CtX ImeL´-Øn¬ Xs∂ cNn®

as‰mcp ssih-aX k\ym-kn-bmb amWn°yhmNn-

I¿ cNn® "Xncp-hm-NIw' F∂ kvtXm{X-ß-fn-em-

Wv. GXm≠v CtX Ime-L-´ -Øn -emWv 12

sshjvWh k\ym-kn-am¿ (Bgvhm¿) \mem-bncw

Znhy-{]-_‘w F∂ sshjvWh kvtXm{X-ßƒ

cNn®Xv. am¿Kgn amk-ß-fn¬, Xangv \mń¬ {]`m-

X-Øn¬ ]mSn hcp∂ Cu Km\ßfpsS tiJ-csØ

"Xncp-∏mssh' F∂p hnfn-bv°p-∂p. `mc-X-Ønse

hmt§b Imc-∑m¿°n-S-bnse BZy h\nX F∂

]Zhn e`n® B≠mƒ Cu sshjvW k\ym-kn-

am-cn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. F.-Un. 15˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-

®n-cp∂ {]kn≤ hmt§b Imc-\mWv AcpW Kncn-

\m-Y≥; hnhn[ Xmf k{º-Zm-b-ßsf Dƒs°m-

≈n®v apcp-Is\ {]Io¿Øn®v At±lw cNn® Km\-

k-ap-®-b-amWv Xncp-∏p-Iƒ. 15˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-

®n-cp∂ Acp-Wm-Ne Ihncmb¿, apØp-Xm-WvU-

h¿, amcn-ap-Øp-∏nss≈ F∂o Xangv aq¿Øn-I-fmWv

Xangv kwKo-X-Øns‚ a‰p D]-⁄m-Xm-°ƒ.

tIcf kwKoXw

tIc-f-Øn\p X\-Xmb Hcp kwKoX ]mc-º-

cy-apt≠m F∂ tNmZyw ]WvUn-X¿ \nc-h[n

XhW Db¿Øn-bn-´p-≠v. kzmXn-Xn-cp-\mƒ alm-

cm-Pm-hns‚ kwKoX cN-\-Iƒ°p apºv tIc-f-

Øn¬ imkv{Xob kwKoXØn\v bmsXmcp ASn-

- 18 -


Ø-dbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂ney Fs∂mcp sX‰n-≤m-c-

W-t]mepw ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p

F∂Xv XnI®pw tJZ-I-c-am-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬

I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Øns‚ B-hn¿`m-h-Øn\p

ap≥]p-Xs∂ ChnsS (tI-c-f-Øn¬) hyh-ÿm-]n-

X-amb Hcp kwKo-X-]m-c-ºcyw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.

tIc-f-Ønse t£{X-ß-fn¬ XnI®pw tIc-fo-b-

amb hmZy-hr-μ-ß-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmsS ]mSp∂

""sImń-∏m-Sn-tkh'' apX-emb kwKoX coXn-Iƒ

[mcm-f -ambn D≠m-bn -cp -∂p. t£{X-ß-fn¬

kwkvIrX \mS-I-ßsf CXn hrØ-am°n Ah-X-

cn-∏n-bv°p∂ IqSn-bm-´-Øn¬ "aqV≥ {ioI-WvTn,

sXm≠m¿, C¥-fw, thfm-[pfn apX-emb Ccp-]-

tXmfw ]pcm-X\ {ZmhnU cmK-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-

cp-∂p. ]qPm ka-b-ß-fn¬ tZho tZh-∑msc

{]Io¿Øn®v ]mSp∂ sImń-∏mSn tkh-bn¬

tNßn-e, Ce-Øm-fw, CSbv° F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈

X\Xp hmZy-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Btcm-l-Wm-h-tcm-

l-W-{I-a-Øn-ep≈ iwJp-hnfn H´pan° t£{X-ß-

fnepw ]qPmZn I¿Ω-ß-fpsS Ahn-`mPy LS-I-am-

Wv. {iotIm-hn-ens‚ \S-b-S-bv°p∂ ka-bØv Xr∏-

Sn-bpsS (tkm-]m-\w) hiw tN¿∂v hS-t°m´p

Xncn™p \n∂v CSbv° sImń amcm¿ BZyw

{Xnÿm\ kzc-ßfpw (k,-],k) XpS¿∂v KW-]Xn

ssIbpw ]mSn-b-Xn-\p-tijw {]tXyI cmK-Øn¬

{][m\ aq¿Ønsb {]Io¿Øn®v "XymWn' ]mSp-

∂p. ka-b-t`Za\p-k-cn®v sNmt√≠ cmK-ß-fpsS

]ń-I-X-s∂-bp-≠v.

Dj ]qPbv°v ˛ tZim-£n, {ioIWvTn

]¥o-cSn ]qPbv°v ˛ ae-lcn

D® ]qPbv°v ˛ Bln-cn, `q]mfw

Zo]m-cm-[-\bv°v ˛ kma¥ ae-lcn

AØmg ]qPbv°v

{]tZmj k‘ym-]q-Pbv°v ˛ A¥mfo F∂n-ß-

s\.

Bcy≥am-cpsS A[n-\n-th-i-Øn\p apºp-

Xs∂ tIc-f-Ønse Imhp-I-fnepw XdI-fnepw Ifw-

]m´p \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. `{Z-Im-fn-∏m´v, k¿∏w ]m´v,

K‘¿h≥ ]m´v F∂nh Nne DZm-l-cWw am{Xw.

_p≤-aX ssP\-aX {]`m-h-ß-fm¬ F.-Un. 4˛mw

\q‰m-≠n-\p-tijw t£{X-ß-fn¬ D’-hm-tLmj

thf-bn¬ kwKo-X-Øn\pw \rØ-Øn\pw IqSp-X¬

{]m[m\yw ssIh-∂p. ]n∂oSv `‡n {]ÿm-\-

Øns‚ Bcw- -tØmsS ssih sshjvWh k\ym-

kn -am¿ tIc-f -Ønse {][m\ t£{X-ßƒ

kμ¿in-°p-Ibpw kvXpXn-Ko-X-ßƒ (tX-hm-cw,

Xncp-hm-bvsam-gn) cNn-bv°p-Ibpw ]mSpIbpw

sNbvXp. F.-Un. 12˛mw \q‰m≠p apX¬ Pb-tZ-h-

cpsS KoXm-tKm-hnμw hnhn[ tZi-ß-fn¬ {]mtZ-

inI kwKo-X-cq-]-ambn ]cn-W-an-®p.

Npcp -°-Øn¬ Xan -gn¬ "HmSp -hm-°ƒ',

"tImhn¬ ]m v' F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏- n-cp∂ t£{X-

ß-fn¬ ]mSn-bn-cp∂ tXhm-c-hpw, Bgvhm¿am¿ ]mSn-

bn-cp∂ "Xncp-hm--bvsam-gnbpw'kwkvIrX t«mIw

]mS¬ XymWn F∂n-h-bn-eqsS IS∂v Pb-tZ-h-

cpsS AjvS-]-Znbpw Dƒs°m≠v tIc-f-Ønse

t£{X-ß-fn¬ amcm-∑m¿ CS-bv°-bpsS AI-º-Sn-

tbmsS sNm√p∂ sImń-∏mSn tkh AYhm

tkm]m\ kwKo-X-ambn hf¿∂p.

XymWn, tXhm-cw, Xncp-hmbvsamgn F∂o

imJ-I-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ {]mNo\ Xangv cmK-ß-

fmb tIZmcKuU, ]¥phcm-Sn, \mY-\m-a-{In,

Imtam-Z-cn, Fcn-°ne Imtam-Z-cn XpS-ßnb cmK-

ßfpw Pb-tZ-h-cpsS AjvS-]-Zn-bn¬ I≠p-h-cp∂

DØ-tc-¥y≥ cmK-ß-fmb ss`c-hn, kucmjv{Sw

F∂n-hbpw tIm´bw Xºp-cms‚ cma-\m-´-Øn¬

ka-÷-k-ambn ktΩ-fn-®n-cn-bv°p-∂Xp ImWmw.

IqSmsX GIw, Nº, sNº-S, {Xn]p-S, AS-¥, apdn-

b-S¥ apX-emb Xmf-ß-fpsS {]tbm-Khpw ImW-

s∏-Sp-∂p.

cma-\m- -Øn¬ \n∂v DƒØn-cn-™p-h∂ IY-

Ifn kwKo-X-Øn-se-Øp-tºmƒ `‡n-`m-h-Øn\p

]pdsa a‰p ]e ck-ßƒ D±o-]n -∏n -bv°m≥

kμ¿t`m-Nn-X-ambn cmK-ßsf k∂n-th-in-∏n-®n-cn-

- 19 -


°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. DZm -l-c -W-Øn\v

i¶-cm-`-cWw, I√ymWn F∂nh irwKm-c-Øn-\v,

hoc-Øn\v Imtam-Z-cn, apJm-cn, ]p∂m-K-h-cmSn

F∂nh timI-Øn\v, hm’-ey-Øn\v \oemw-_cn

F∂n-ß-s\. CØ-c-Øn¬ {]mtZ-in -I-amb

kwKoX kwkv°mcßfpsS Iq´m-bva-bn¬ \n∂pw

Dcp -Øn -cn™p h∂ khn -ti-j-X -bm¿∂

Hcp kwKoX ]mc-ºcyw tIc-f-Øn¬ kº-∂-am-

bn-cp-∂p.

tIc-f-Øn-em-I-s´, Xangv \mń-em-I-s´, DØ-

tc-¥y-bn-em-Is´ kwKo-X-Øns‚ D¤-h-Øn¬ Ncn-

{X-Øn\p ]¶p-s≠∂p ImWmw. GsXmcp kwKo-

Xhpw I¿Wm-S-I-am-Is´, lnμp-ÿm-\n-bm-I-s´,

]m›m-Xy-am-I-s´, efn-X-am-I-s´, kwKoXw A\m-

Zn -bm-Wv. {]]©w D¤-hn -®-t∏mƒ \mZhpw

\mZ-Øn¬ \n∂v kwKo-Xhpw ]nd-∂p F∂p ]d-

bp-∂-Xmhpw icn. AXv Ime tZim-Zn-Iƒ°v

AXo-X-am-Wv.

tUm. F. PeP h¿Ω : Imen-°‰v k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bnse kwKoX hn`mKw

ta[m-hn.

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ckjbfäTx ofbmX ùMrOqîMem£ebfvxvfabofòª Dh¥X, DjbC,

iChlfTx vfabofòª aceokXSÿfb kdçJfw vfÿgX nYfTgÿleCx.

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mVecf MjCXD’h Znhkßfn¬ ùMrakebfnfvgúf¬svÖxbfäTgkW ceùlceCx släfãfTgÿlx.

FlfvebMõceã svÖx Y©pv~WTx bBfheëeãfDqh¥fTebgÿleCx.

- 20 -


tUm. `ph-t\-izcn Pn.

kwKoX {Xnaq¿Øn-I-fpsS ap≥Km-an-Iƒ

]e \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-em-bn, ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn

BN-cn®p hcp∂ Hcp kwKoX k{º-Zm-b-am-Wv

""I¿Æm-SI kwKoXw''. Cßs\ BN-cn-®p-h∂

kwKoX k{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]cn-Wm-a-amWv 18-˛mw

\q‰m-≠n¬ kwKoX {Xnaq¿Øn-I-fmb XymK-cm-P-

kzm-an, apØp-kzman Zo£n-X¿, iyma-imkv{Xn

F∂n-h-cpsS BK-a-\w. Cu Ime-L-´-sØ-bmWv

I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Øns‚ ""kph¿Æ Ime-L´w''

F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. "I¿Æm-SI kwKoXw'

AXns‚ AXyp-∂-X-bn-te°v FØn-t®¿∂Xpw

Cu ka-b-Øm-Wv.

kwKoX {Xnaq¿Øn-I-fpsS Ime-L-´-Øn\p

ap≥]p-Xs∂ {]kn-≤-cmb ]e hmt§-b-Im-c-∑m-

cpw, cN-bn-Xm-°fpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ch-cn¬ ]ecpw

Ah-cpsS hnhn[ kwKoX cq]-ß-fn¬°qSn CjvS-

tZ-h-X-Isf {]Io¿Øn-°p-I-bpw, AXn-eqsS Ah-

cpsS D≈n¬ \nd-™n-cp∂ `‡n˛ AXm-bXv

Pohmflm ˛ ]c-amfl _‘sØ {]Im-in-∏n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.

"a[p--c- ‡n'bn¬ ebn-°p∂ kwkvIrX mj-

bnse alm-Im-hy-amb Pb-tZ-h-cpsS "KoXm

tKmhnμ-w', teme a[p-c-amb sXep¶p `mj-bn¬

cNn-®n-´p≈ Xmf-∏m°w A∂-am-Nm-cy-cpsS IrXn-

Iƒ ]pc-μcZm-k-cpsS "tZh¿\m-a-ßƒ' Acp-Wm-

Ne Ihn-bp-sS "cma-\m-SIw' F∂ kwKo-X-Øn¬

tIm¿Øn-W-°nb IY "cma-\m-SI Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ',

`{Zm-New cma-Zm-k-cpsS ‡n \n¿`-c-amb Io¿Ø-

\-ßƒ, \mcm-bW Xo¿∞-cpsS kwkvIrX `mj-

bn-ep≈ IrjvW-eoem Xcw-KnWn F∂ kwKoX

\mS-Iw, irwKm-c-ck {][m-\-amb `‡n-tbm-Sp-Iq-

Sn-bp≈ t£{X-PvR-cpsS sXep¶p ]Z-ßƒ, apØp-

Xm-WvU-h-cpsS Xangv ]Z-ßƒ, DuØp-°mSv

sh¶nS kp∫-ø-cpsS \¿Ø\ cq]-Øn¬

\n¬°p∂ {ioIrjvW K-hms\ {]Io¿Øn-°p∂

"{ioIrjvW kvXpXn-Iƒ' XpS-ßnbh {Xnaq¿Øn-

I-fpsS ap≥Im-e-L-´-Ønse \mgnI I√m-Wv.

kwKoX {Xnaq¿Øn-I-fpsS ap≥]v Pohn-®n-cp-

∂-Xpw, kwKoX imJbv°v Aaqey kw`m-h-\-Iƒ

\¬In-bn- p-≈-h-cp-amb hmt§-b-Im-c-∑m-tcbpw, cN-

bn-Xm-°-tfbpw ChnsS hni-I-e\w sNømw.

12-˛mw \q‰m≠p apX¬ 17-˛mw \q‰m≠p hsc-

bmWv Z£n-tW-¥y-bn¬ `‡n-{]-ÿm\w {]Nm-c-

Øn-en-cp-∂Xv. Ime-{I-a-Øn¬ C¥ybne-tßmf-an-

- 21 -


tßmfw `‡n-bpsS ckw ]c-Øp-hm≥ `‡n-{]-

ÿm\w apJy-]-¶p-h-ln-®p.

12- mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Hdo -bnse "Inμp-_n¬hw'

F∂ {Kma-Øn-emWv Pb-tZ-h¿ P\n-®-Xv. Ct±-l-

Øns‚ kwKoX temI-tØ-°p≈ A\-iz-c-amb

kw`m-h-\-bmWv "KoXm-tKm-hnμw' F∂ kwKoX

\rØ-\m-S-Iw. Cu Imhyw 12 k¿§-ß-fn-embn hn -

Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. DØa kwkvIrX mj-bnepw Ae-

¶m-c-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp-amWv Nn -s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. Chsb "AjvS-]Zn' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXnse

Hmtcm Km\-ßƒ°pw 8 Nc-W-ßƒ D≠v. IqSmsX

"Pb-tZh' F∂ Ihn-ap-{Zbpw D≠v. a[p-c- -‡n-bmWv

(Po-hm-fl- -]-c-amfl _‘w) AjvS-]-Zn-I-fn¬ IqSn

{]I-S-am-°p-∂-Xv.

14˛mw \q‰m-≠nse Hcp henb inh-`-‡\pw

hmt§-b-Im-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂p apØp-Xm-WvU-h¿. \t∂

sNdp-∏-Øn¬Øs∂ Ct±lw Hcp Ihn-bm-bn-cp-

∂p. Ct±lw Hcp Dƒhn-fn-bpsS {]tNm-Z-\-Øn¬

NnZw-_c \S-cmP k∂n-[n-bn¬ sN∂p. AhnsS

sh®v BZy-IrXn ""`qtemI ssIem-k-Kncn NnZw-

_cw'' F∂ ]Zw cNn-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ hfsc

{]ikvXn t\Snb as‰mcp ]Z-am-Wv ""Acp-a-cp-

s¥mcp X\n-a-cp¥v Aº-etØ It≠t\''˛ (Imw-

t_mPn cmKw cq]-I-Xm-fw) F∂ IrXn. Ct±lw

Xangv ]Z-ßƒ cNn-°p-∂-Xn¬ A{K-K-Wy\mb Hcp

hmt§-b-Im-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

15˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ ""Xncp-∏p-Igv

kvtXm{X-ßƒ'' cNn®v kwKoX temI-tØ°v

Aaqey kw`m-h\ sNbvXn- p≈ Hcp alm ]WvUn-

X-\pw, kwKoX⁄\p-am-bn-cp∂p ""Acp-W-Kn-cn-\m-

Y¿''. jäp-Js\ {]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Xan-

gvIr-Xn-Iƒ, Akm-[m-cW Xmf-ß-fn-emWv Nn´-s∏-

Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnhn[ hrØ-ß-fn¬ IrXn-

Iƒ cNn-°p-hm-\p≈ ]mWvUnXyw IW-°m°n

Ct±-l-Øn\v "Nμ-∏m-h-e-s]-cp-am≥' F∂ _lp-a-

Xnbpw sImSp -Øn -´p -≠v. ssZhoI Bcm-[ -

\bv°pap]-cn-bm-Wv \oXn-\ymb hyh-ÿ, kXy-

k-‘-X-t]m-ep≈ aqey-ßƒ. Chsb Db¿Øn-°m-

Wn-°p-∂-h-bmWv "Xncp-∏p-Igv t«mI-ß-fpsS' D≈-

S-°w.

15˛mw \q‰m-≠n-emWv Xmf-∏m°w A∂-am-

Nmcy Xncp-∏-Xn-bn¬ P\n-®-Xv. BZn i¶-c-cpsS

AssZzX kn≤m-¥-ßsf ]n≥Xp-S¿∂ Hcp IpSpw-

_-Øn-emWv At±lw P\n-®-Xv. P\ ]≤-Xn-bpsS

]mc-º-cy-Øn\v XpS-°-an-´Xv A∂-am-Nm-cy-cpsS

IrXn-I-fm-Wv. Pb-tZ-h-cpsS AjvS-]-Zn -bn¬

ImWp∂ coXn-bn-ep≈ Bcm-[\ ˛ Pohmfl ˛

]c-amflm `‡n-bmWv A∂-am-Nm-cy-cpsS IrXn-I-

fpsS D≈-S-°w. Ct±-l-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ

F√mw-Xs∂ hnjvWp K-hms\ {]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm-

≠p-≈-h-bm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ \ne-hn-ep≈ kwKoX cq]-

ß-fnse ]√-hn, A\p-]-√-hn, NcWw F∂ hn`-

P\w A∂-am-Nm-cy-cmWv Bhn-jv°-cn-®-Xv.

- 22 -


15˛mw \q‰m-≠n-emWv ]pc-μcZm-k-cpsS BK-

a-\w. Ct±lw I¿Æm-SI kwÿm-\-Ønse

"]μ¿]q¿' F∂ {Kma-Øn-emWv P\n-®-Xv. Ct±lw

hymk-cm-b-cpsS injy-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ct±lw I∂S

`mj-bn-epw, kwkvIr-X-Ønepw [mcmfw IrXn-Iƒ

cNn-®n- p-≠v. I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-

\-amb kcfn hcn-»-Iƒ, [m´p-h-cn-»-Iƒ, PWvU

hcn-»-Iƒ XpS-ßnb ]mTy-]-≤Xn Ct±-l-amWv

Bhn-jv°-cn-®-Xv. AXn-\m¬ Ct±lw ""I¿Æm-SI

kwKoX ]nXm-al≥'' F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂p.

17˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ Hcp henb

hmt§-b-Im-c-\mWv t£{X-⁄¿. Ct±lw B\v{[m-

{]-tZ-inse "aqh-]pcn' F∂ {Kma-Øn-emWv P\n-

®-Xv. sXep¶p ]Z-Øns‚ ]nXm-a-lm-\mWv t£{X-

⁄¿. a[p-c-`-‡n-bm-Wv t£{X-⁄-cpsS ]Z-ß-

fpsS kmcmw-iw. efn-X-amb sXep-¶v-˛-kw-kvIrX

`mj-bn¬ cNn-®-h-bmWv t£{X-⁄-]-Z-ßƒ. Pohn-

X-Øn¬ hcp∂ F√m kμ¿`-ßƒ°pw A\p-tbm-

Py-amb ]Z-ßƒ cNn-°p-hm-\p≈ Akm-am-\y-amb

Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp∂p t£{X-⁄¿°v. At±lw ]Z-

ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ cmK-ß-fmb ˛ ss`c-

hn, I√ym-Wn, Imwt_m-Pn, tXmSn, kmth-cn, i¶-

cm-`-c-Ww, _nelcn F∂o {][m\ cmK-ß-fn-epw,

IqSmsX A]q¿Δ-cm-K-ß-fmb ssk‘-ho, JWvU

XpS -ßn -b -h -bnepw ]Z -ßƒ cNn -®n -´p -≠v .

Imwt_mPn At±-l-Øns‚ {]nb-s∏´ cmK-am-bn-

cp-∂p. timIw, `‡n, irwKm-cw, B\-μw, ]p—w,

hntZz-jw, Akq-b apX-emb hnIm-c-ßsf Ah-

bpsS ]mc-ay-X-bn-epw, hyXkvX coXn-bnepw ]Z-

ß-fn¬°qSn {]I-S-am-°n-bn- p-≠v. t£{X-⁄-cpsS

]Z-ßƒ \rØm-`n-\-b-Øn\v DØ-a-am-b-h-bm-Wv.

AXn-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb {Xn]pS Xmf-Øn-emWv an°-

]-Z-ßfpw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Ct±lw X©m-

hq -cnse hnP-b-cm -L-h-\m -bIv cmPm -hns\

{]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v A©p ]Z-ßƒ cNn-®n-´p-

≠v. Ahsb "hnP-b-cm-L-h-]-©-cXv\w' F∂-t]-

cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

17˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ X©m-hq-cn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂

{io\m-cm-bW Xo¿∞¿ ˛ ""IrjvW eoem-X-cw-

KnWn'' F∂ kwKoX \mS-I-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-

hm-Wv. hfsc sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Xs∂ kwKo-X-Øn-

epw, \rØ-Ønepw ss\]pWyw t\Sn-bn-cp-∂p.

Ct±-lsØ Pb-tZ-h-cpsS Hcp ]p\¿P-∑-am-sW∂p

]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. {ioIr-jvW-eo-em-X-cw-KnWn 12

k¿§-ß-fmbn Xcw-Xn-cn-®n- p-≠v. CXn¬ 147 Io¿Ø-

\-ß-fpw, 267 t«mI-ß-fpw, 39 KZy-ßfpw AS-ßn-

bn-´p-≠v. {ioaXv `mK-h-XsØ kwKoX cq]-Øn¬

tIm¿Øn-W°n kwKoX \rØ-cq-]-ambn Nn´-s∏-

Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. CXn¬ K-hm≥ {ioIr-jvWs‚ P\-

\w, _me-eo-e hnt\mZw XpSßn cp‹nWn kzbw-

hcw hsc \o≠p-\n¬°p-∂-h-bm-Wv Cu kam-lm-

cw. Ct±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-Iƒ Ip®n-∏pSn \rØ-Øn-

epw, mK-h-X-taf \mS-I-ß-fnepw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

17˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ as‰mcp alm-

`-‡\pw kwKo-X-⁄-\p-amWv {io`-{Zm-New cma-

Zm-kv. Ct±lw B{‘m-{]-tZ-in¬ sKm¬s°m-≠-

- 23 -


bn-emWv P\n-®-Xv. Ct±lw I_o¿Zm-kns‚

{][m\ injy-\pw, kwKo-X-Øns‚ imkv{Xob hi-

ßƒ a\- n-em-°n-b-Xv, I_o¿ Zmk-cpsS ]°¬

\n∂p-amWv F∂mWv ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ct±lw Hcp

XnI™ {iocm-a-`-‡-\m-bn-cp-∂p. XmcI at{¥m-

]-tZiw I_o¿ Zmkv \¬In-bn-´p-≠v F∂pw Icp-

X-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ct±lw sXep-¶n¬ [mcmfw IrXn-

Iƒ cNn-®n-´p-≠v. Ct±-l-Øns‚ {]kn≤ IrXn-I-

fmWv "F∂-Km-\p-cm-a-`-P\' ]¥p-h-cm-fn-cm-Kw-˛-cq-

]-I-Xm-fw, ]ep-t°-_w-Kmc B\-μ-ss -chn cmKw,

BZn Xmfw, Ga-ø-cma ˛ Imwt_mPn cmKw ˛

JWvU-Nm∏p Xmfw XpS-ßn-b-h.

apØp-Xm-WvU-h-tc-t∏mse ]Zw F∂

kwKoX cq]-Øn¬ {]mhoWyw t\Sn-bn-cp∂ 17˛mw

\q‰m-≠n¬ B{‘m-tZ-iØv Pohn-®n-cp∂ Hcp cN-

bn-Xm-hm-bn-cp∂p {io kmcw-K-]m-Wn. Ct±lw

kwkvIr-X-Ønepw sXep-¶nepw ]Z-ßƒ cNn-®n-

´p-≠v. Ct±lw \qdn¬]cw ]Z-ßƒ cNn-®n-´p-≠v.

{ioIr-jvW-`-K-hms\ {]Io¿Øn-°p-∂-h-bmWv

an°-]-Z-ß-fpw.

18˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬, {Xnaq¿Øn-Iƒ°p ap≥]v

Pohn-®n-cp∂ Hcp Xangv cN-bn-Xm-hm-bn-cp∂p {ioam-

cn-apØp]nss≈. NnZw-_cØn\-SpØv "Xnss√-hn-

SwKw' F∂ {Kma-Øn-emWv P\n-®-Xv. Ct±lw Hcp

ssih- -‡-\m-bn-cp-∂p. \t∂ sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Xs∂

Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ cNn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ignhv Inń-bn-cp-

∂p. Ct±-l-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-I-fn¬ "]p-en-bq¿

shº' F∂ {]_‘w Xangv \mń¬ {]kn-≤n-

bm¿÷n® H∂mWv.

18˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ "Acp-Wm-Ne Ihn-cm-b¿'

X©m-hq¿ Pn√-bnse "Xnss√-bSn' F∂ {Kma-

Øn¬ P\n-®p. Ct±lw Xangv Ihn-bmb Iº-cpsS

Iº-cm-am-b-W-Øn¬ {]mhoWyw t\Sn-bn-cp-∂p.

Iº-cm-am-b-W-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ Dƒs°m-≈n-®p-

sIm≠v cNn®XmWv "cma-\m-SI Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ'.

taml\ cmK-Øn-ep≈ G≥ ]≈n sIm≠o-cø

F∂ IrXn hfsc {]kn-≤-amb H∂mWv. Ct±-l-

Øn\v kzX-kn-≤-amb Ihn-Xm-hm-k-\-bp-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. "cma-\m-SIw' IqSmsX io¿lmgn tImssh,

io¿lm-gn-ÿe ]pcm-Ww, l\p-am¿]nss≈ XpS-

ßnbh a‰p kw`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv. "cma-\m-SIw' km[m-

cW°m¿°v a\- n-em-°m≥ DX-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬

hfsc efn-X-amb Xangv `mj-bn¬ cNn-®n-´p-≈-Xp-

sIm≠v hfsc {]Nmcw t\Sn.

18˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ X©m-hq-cn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂

kwKo-X-⁄-\pw, hmt§-b-Im-c\pw Hcp sshWnI

hnZzm-\p-am-bn-cp∂p {io ]®n-an-cnbw BZn-b-∏-ø.

kwKoX {Xnaq¿Øn-I-fn¬ iymam imkv{Xn-bpsS

Kpcp-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. kp{]-kn-≤-amb "hncn-t_mWn'

˛ ss`chn AS-Xmf h¿Æ-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-

hmWv. Ct±-l-Øn\v Xm\m-h¿Æ-am¿§-Z¿in F∂

_lp-a-Xnbpw Inń-bn-´p-≠v.

- 24 -


tUm. Pn. ph-t\-izcn : Fd-Wm-Ipfw alm-cm-Pmkv tImtfPnse kwKoX hn`mKw

ta[m-hn. kwKo-X-⁄.

Xangv \mńse Xncp-hnssi s\√q-cn¬ 18˛mw

\q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ Hcp k\ym-knbpw Ihn-

bp-am-bn-cp∂p {io kZm-inh {_t“-μ¿ kwkvIrX

`mj-bn¬ [mcmfw Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ cNn-®n-´p-≠v.

Ah-bn¬ "am\k k©-ctc' ˛ iyma-cm-Kw, "]n_-

tc-cm-a-ckw' ˛ Bln¿ ss`c-hn, k¿Δw {_“-

abw ˛ a[p-h-¥n, `Ptc tKm]mew ˛ lntμmfw

F∂o Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ {]kn≤n t\Sn-b-h-bm-Wv.

Ct±lw IrXn-I-fn-eqsS thZm-¥w, XtØzm-]-tZiw

F∂n-hbv°v {]m[m\yw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

XymK-cm-P-kzm-an, kzmXn-Xn-cp-\mƒ alm-cm-

Pmhv XpS-ßn-b-htc Xs‚ IrXn-IƒsIm≠v kzm[o-

\n® Hcp cN-bn-Xm-hm-bn-cp∂p am¿§-Z¿in tij-

ø-¶m¿. Ct±-l-Øns‚ kwkvIrX `mj-bn-ep≈

]mWvUnXyw ]n≥ImeL´-Øn¬ h∂ ]e-tcbpw

BI¿jn-®n- p-≠v.

DuØp-°mSv sh¶nS kp∫-b¿ X©m-hq¿

Pn√-bn¬ 18˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂p. At±lw

{ioIrjvW `K-hms‚ XnI™ `‡-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

GI-tZiw 400 Io¿Ø-\-ß-fpw, 9 \hm-h-cW

Io¿Ø-\-ßfpw Ct±lw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. lnμp-a-X-

Ønse H´pan° tZho tZh-∑m-sc-°p-dn®p IrXn-

Iƒ cNn-®n-´p-≠v. "\¿Ø-\-cq-]-Øn¬' \n¬°p∂

{ioIrjvW K-hm-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ IrXn-I-fmWv qcn-

`mKhpw. Cu Io¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ an°-Xnepw PXn-˛-

sim¬s° v F∂nh ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \rØ-Øn-

\-\p-tbm-Py-amb hn[-Øn-emWv DuØp-°m-Sns‚

IrXn-I¬ `qcn-`m-K-hpw.

18˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ Hcp alm-kw-

Ko-X-⁄-\pw, hmt§-b-Im-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂p {iocm-a-

kzman Zo£n-X¿. Ct±lw apØp-kzman Zo£n-X-

cpsS ]nXm-hm-Wv. Xan-gv\m-ńse Im©o-]p-c-Øn-\-

Sp-Øp≈ hncn-©n-]pcw F∂ {Kma-Øn-emWv

Ct±lw P\n-®-Xv. {iocm-a-kzman Zo£n-X-cpsS

kwKoX temI-tØ-°p≈ hne-a-Xn-bv°m-\m-hmØ

kw`m-h-\-bmWv 108 "cmK-Xmf amenI' (A-jvtSm-

Øc iX-cm-K-am-enI) lwk-≤z\n cmKtØ

kwKoX temI-tØbv°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXp

Ct±-l-am-Wv.

cma-kzman Zo£n-X-cpsS ka-Im-en-I-\m-bn-

cp∂p {io s]±e Kpcp-aq¿Øn imkv{Xn. Ct±lw

Xan-gv\m- n¬ Xncp-∂¬th-en-bn¬ P\n-®p. Ct±lw

KoXw F∂ kwKoX cq]-Øns‚ ]nXm-a-l≥ F∂p

]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. 1000 KoX-ßƒ cNn-®n-´p≈ s]±e

Kpcp-aq¿Øn imkv{Xnbv°v "shbn-KoX' s]±e Kpcp

aq¿Øn-imkv{Xn F∂ _lp-aXn \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

kwKoX {Xnaq¿Øn-I-fpsS Ime-L-´-Øn\p

ap≥]p≈ kwKo-XsØ hne-bn-cp-Øm-\pw, Xmc-X-

ay -s∏-Sp -Øp-hm\pw {]bm-k-amWv. Imc-Ww,

A∂sØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬, bYm¿-∞-Øn¬ cNn-

®n -cp∂ kwKoX]mTw, kzc -s∏-Sp -Øn -tbm,

kq£nt®m sh®n-cp-∂n√m. IqSmsX A∂sØ

kwKo-X-]-T\w I¿Æ ]c-ºc- hgn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

kwKoX kwkv°m-c-tØ-bpw, aqey-tØbpw \ne-

\n¿Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ C{Xbpw _e-amb I¿Æ

]c-º-c-bp-≈Xp sIm≠p-X-s∂-bmWv F∂-Xn¬

bmsXmcp kwi-b-a-hp-an-√.

CXp-hsc hni-I-e\w sNbvX-Xn¬ \n∂pw

{Xnaq¿Øn-I-fpsS ap≥Im-e-L-´-Ønse kw`m-h-\-

Iƒ I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Øns‚ ASn-Ød ]mIp-

hm≥ \n¿Æm-bI ]¶p-h-ln-®n-´p-≠v F∂v a\- n-

em-°mw.

- 25 -


tUm. Fkv. `mKy-e£van Fw.-F. ]n.-F-®v.-Un.

`mc-Xob kwKo-X-Øn¬ kmln-Xy-k-_p-jvS-

X, kwKo-X-ta∑, sshhn-[y-X, hyXy-kvXX `‡n-

k-º-∂X F∂n khn-tij KpW-ß-fm¬ thdn´p

\n¬°p∂ cN-\-I-fmWv

XymK-cmP IrXn -Iƒ.

km[m-c-W-°m¿°v {Kln-

°m\pw Bkz-Zn-°m\pw

X° coXn-bn¬ efn-X-ß-

fm -bn -´p≈ XymK-cmP

IrXn -Iƒ A\-iz -c -ß-

fmbn {]tim -`n -°p∂

cXv\-ß-fmWv! \njv°m-a-

-‡n°v DØ-tam-Zm-l-c-W-

ß-fmWv Ct±-l-Øns‚

H´pan° cN-\ -I -fpw .

"kwKo -X-Øn-eqsS `K-

hZvkm£m-Xv°mcw' F∂

Bibw ê-h-Øm-Ipw-

hn[w t{ijvT-ß-fmWv

\mtZm-]m-k-I-\pw, BNm-

cy-\p-amb XymK-cm-P-kzm-an-

Iƒ cNn® kwKoX IrXn-

Iƒ.

"IrXn-k-ap-®-b-ßƒ'

F∂ Bibw {]mh¿Øn-

I-am-Ip-∂-Xv kwKo-X-{Xn-

aq¿Øn-I-fpsS BK-a-\-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. IrXn-]-c-º-

c, IrXn-irw-Je, Io¿Ø\ ]c-º-c, t£{X-Ir-Xn-

Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ hyXy-kvX- \m-a-ß-fn¬ cNn-°-

s∏-ń-´p≈ IrXn-k-ap-®-b-ßƒ ]c-º-c-bm-bpw,

hyXykvX IrXn-I-fmbpw It®-cn-I-fn¬ ÿm\w

]nSn-®n-´p-≠v. IrXn-I-fpsS Iq´w, kaq-lw, Nß-e,

kap-®bw Fs∂√mw hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂ cN-\-

I-fpsS FÆw 5,7,9,11,13,16 F∂ {Ia-Øn-em-bn-

kwKo-X-˛-km-ln-Xy-`mhw Xpfpºn

\n¬°p∂ t£{X ]©-c-Xv\-Ir-Xn-Iƒ

cn°pw. Htc Bi-b-tØtbm, tZh-X-tb-tbm,

t£{X-sØ-tbm, ÿe-sØtbm Bkv]-Z-am°n

cNn-®n-´p≈ IrXn ]c-º-c-I-fmWv IrXn-k-ap-®-bw,

IrXn kam-lm-cw, kap-

Zmb IrXn -Iƒ F∂n

t]cp-I-fn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-

∂-Xv. Chsb ]©-c-Xv\w,

]©-enwK ÿe IrXn-

Iƒ, \h-{Kl IrXn-Iƒ,

\h-cm{Xn Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ,

\hm -h -cW Io¿Ø-\-

ßƒ, \h-hn[ `‡n

Io¿Ø-ßƒ, tjmU-i-K-

W-]-Xn-Ir-Xn-Iƒ, D’-h-

k-{º-Zmb Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ,

D’-h-{]-_‘w F∂n-

ßs\ hn`-Pn-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

t£{X-Ir-Xn-Iƒ F∂v

hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏´ IrXn

]c-º-c-bn¬ A©p IrXn-

Iƒ hoXw Dƒs∏-Sp∂

]©-cXv\ IrXn-I-fmWv

Gsd {]i-kvX-am-b-Xv.

XymK-cmP kzman-Iƒ cNn-

®n-´p≈ L\-cmK ]©-

cXv\ IrXn -Iƒ \m´,

Kuf, Bc-`n, hcmfn {io F∂o cmK-ß-fn -

ep≈hbm-Wv. IqSmsX Xncp-shm-‰n-bq¿ tKmhq¿,

em¬Kp-Un, {iocwKw Xncp-h-øm¿, F∂n-hn-S-ß-

fnse t£{Xw tZh-X-Isf {]Io¿Øn®v A©p

IrXn-Iƒ Dƒs∏´ ]©-cXv\ IrXn ]c-º-c-Ifpw

D≠v.

`mc-Xob XXz-im-kv{Xhpw, ]pcm-tW-Xn-

lm-k-ß-fpw, kwJym-im-kv{X-hp -a -\p -k-cn®v

- 26 -


3,5,7,9,11,13,15,16 F∂n-h-bvs°√mw Gsd {]m[m-\y-

ap-≠v. kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ "A©v' F∂ kwJybv°v

]©w, ]©Iw F∂v kw⁄ \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

ss^hv, ]m©v, A©v, AbvZp F∂n-ßs\ hnhn[

`mj-I-fn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. `mc-Xob BNm-c-ß-

fnepw aX-]-c-amb NS-ßp-I-fnepw "A©v' F∂

kwJybv°v kap-∂-X-ÿm\w \¬In ImWp-∂p.

"]©-IrXy' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ A©v LS-I-

ßƒ Dƒs∏- -XmWv \ΩpsS qa-WvU-ew. krjvSn,

ÿnXn, ebw, Xntcm-`-hw, A\p-{Klw F∂nh

Dƒs∏´ "]©-IrX-Xy-ßsf A©v ssII-fn-embn

Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-´p≈ `K-hm≥ hn\m-b-I≥ "sF¶-

c≥' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw CXp-sIm-≠m-W-t{X.

a\p-jys‚ {][m\ icn-cm-h-b-h-ß-fn¬

{][m-\-s∏´ ]t©-{μn-b-ßƒ IÆv, ImXv, aq°v,

\m°v, Xz°v F∂n-h-bm-Wv. Z¿i-\w, {ih-Ww,

{LmWw, cpNn -°¬, kv]¿i\w XpS -ßnb

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-ń-´p-≈-h-bm-Wv.

⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

temI-X-Xzhpw a\p-jy-X-Xzhpw ]©-`q-X-ß-

fn-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-´mWv I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv. ]rYzn,

A]p, tXbp, hmbp, BImiw F∂n-ßs\ A©p-

`q-X-ß-fn-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn- mWv kI-e-N-cm-N-c-ßfpw

\ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.

a{¥-im-kv{X-Øn\v B[m-c-am-bn- p≈ _nPm-

£-c-ßƒ Hmw, sFw, {low, ¢nw, kuw F∂n-

ßs\ A©m-Wv. tZh-X-Isf {]Io¿Øn-°p-

tºmƒ _oPm-£-c-ß-fpsS {]tbmKw {][m-\-am-

Wv.

Ima-tZ-hs‚ hn√n¬ A©p-_m-W-ß-fmWv

sXmSpØp hnSm-dp-≈-Xv. Aw_nIm K-h-Xnsb ]©-

_m-tW-izcn F∂t{X hnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp-≈-Xv. Ac-

hn-μw, Atim-Iw, NpXw, \h-a-√n-I, \otem-Xv]ew

F∂n-ßs\ A©p-Xcw ]pjv]-ß-fmWv ]©_m-

W-ß-fmbn Ima-tZ-h≥ sXmSp-Øp-hn-Sp-∂-Xv.

]©-bm-X\ ]qP-bn¬ inh≥, hnjvWp,

kqcy≥, KW-]-Xn, tZhn XpSßn A©p-tZ-h-X-I-

sf-bmWv ]qPn-°p-∂-Xv. ]qP-Iƒ°pw A`n-tj-I-

Øn\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ A©p hkvXp-°ƒ°v

"]©-Kayw' F∂t{X t]cv. ]m¬, ssXcv, s\øv,

tKmaq-{Xw, tKmabw F∂nh Dƒs∏-´-Xm-Wv.

Ch IqSmsX ]©-]-{Xw, ]©-]-£n, ]©-

`-£yw, ]©-enw-K-ßƒ, ]©-a-lm-i-_vZ-ßƒ,

F∂n-ßs\ "A©v' F∂ kwJy-ambn _‘-s∏´v

[mcmfw hkvXp-°ƒ D≠v.

kwKo-X-Øn-em-Is´ A©p-Xcw Xmf-s®m-√p-

Isf \mK-_‘w, kzXn-Iw, Ae-·w, ip≤w, ka-

Im-enIw F∂n-ßs\ Xncn-®n-cn -°p-∂p. Ch

A©pw ]c-a-in-hs‚ A©p apJ-ßƒ ˛ ktZym-

Pm-Xw, hma-tZhw, AtLm-cw, XXv]p-cp -jw,

Cuim\w F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂v DS-se-Sp-Ø-Xm-

sW∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]©-hm-Zy-Øn¬

iwJv, sImºv, Xnan-e, a±-fw, CSbv° XpS-ßnb

A©p-hm-Zy-ßƒ tN¿∂-Xm-Wv. t£{X-hm-Zy-ß-

fn¬ {][m\ XX-hm-Zy-at{X ]©-ap-J-hm-Zyw. C{]-

Imcw `mc-Xob kwKoX imkv{X-{]-Imcw "A©v'

F∂ kwJym-kw-⁄°v Gsd {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-

Xmbn ImWmw. ]©-K-Xn, ]©-Pm-Xn, ]©-a-kz-

cw, HuU-h-cm-K-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn-se√mw A©ns‚

{]m[m\yw {]I-S-am-Wv. t£{X-IrXn F∂ Bi-

b-Øn\v cq]w \¬In-bXv jmPn alm-cmPmhmsW-

¶nepw t£{X-IrXn kap®b cN-bn-Xm-°-fn¬ kap-

∂-X-am-bn- p-≈Xv XymK-cm-P-kzm-an-Ifpw, apØp-kzm-

an-Zo-£n-Xcpw BWv. XymK-cm-P-kzm-an-Iƒ Xncp-shm-

ń-bq¿, tImhq¿, {iocwKw em¬Kp-Un, Xncp-h-øm¿

F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse t£{X-ßƒ kμ¿in-®-t∏mƒ

Ahn-SpsØ tZh-X-I-sfbpw t£{X-tØbpw

{]Io¿Øn®v IrXn-]-c-º-c-Iƒ cNn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

Ch-bmWv t£{X-]-©-cXv\ IrXn-I-fmbn {]Npc

{]Nmcw t\Sn-b-Xv.

Xncp-h-øm¿ ]©-cXv\w

X©m-hq-cn\pw, Xncp -h-øm-dn\pw at≤y

ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ A©v Bdp-Iƒ (\-Zn-Iƒ) Imth-

cn, Ac-i-em¿, shÆm¿, hS-bm¿, IpS-ap-cpń F∂o

A©p Bdp-Iƒ°v a[y-Øn-embn ÿnXn sNøp∂

"Xncp-h-bm¿' XymK-cmP kzman-I-fpsS kam[n ÿe-

ambn {]kn-≤n-bm¿÷n-®n-´p-≠v. ]©-\-Zo-iz-c≥,

{]W-Xm¿Yn-l-c≥ F∂nßs\ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂

- 27 -


Chn-SpsØ tZhs\ {]Io¿Øn®v XymK-cm-P-kzm-

an-Iƒ cNn® IrXn-]-c-º-c-bmWv Xncp-h-bm¿ ]©-

c-Xv\w.

1. kmcn-sh-U-en\ ˛ Akm-thcn ˛ BZn

2. Ce-tem-{]-≠-Xm¿Yn ˛ ATmW ˛ BZn

3. Gln PK-Zni ˛ kmcwK ˛ Nm∏v

4. ap®S {_“m-Zp-eIp ˛ a[y-am-hXn ˛ BZn

5. Gh-cp-∂mcp ˛ amf-h{in ˛ BZn

]©-\-Zn-Iƒ IrXn-Iƒ F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-

Sp∂ Cu ]c-º-c-bn¬ Imthcn \Zn-bpsS `wKn-

]q¿Æ-ambn Bhn-jv°-cn-®p-Im-Wp∂p. "Fh-cp-

∂mcp' amf-h{in IrXn Xptem-{]-Nmcw Ipd™

cN-\-bm-Wv.

Xncp-shm- n-bq¿ ]©-cXv\w

Xan-gv\m-ńse sNss∂-˛-]q-¶m \K-c-Øn\v

a[y-Øn-embn ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Xncp-shm- n-bq-cnse

{Xn]p-c-kp-μc t£{X-Ønse {Xn]p-c-kp-μ-cnsb

{]Io¿Øn®v kzman-Iƒ cNn® IrXn kap-®-b-amWv

Xncp-shm-ń-bq¿ ]©-c-Xv\w. hoW Ip∏-ø-cpsS

A`y¿∞\am\n®v t£{Xw kμ¿in-®-t∏m-gmWv

Cu IrXn-Iƒ cNn-®-Xv. kzbw`penw-K-Øn¬ \n∂pw

Dcp-Øn-cn-™Xpw lwk \S\ cq]-Øn-ep≈

{Xn]pc kpμcn (B-Zn-]p-cn-iz-cn)sbbmWv IrXn-

I-fn¬ h¿Æn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

1. kpμ-cn-\n\p ˛ BcZn ˛ an Nm∏p

2. kpμcn \oZnhy ˛ I√ymWn ˛ BZn

3. Zmcn-Wn-sX-epkp ˛ ip≤-km-thcn ˛ BZn

4. I∂-X√n ˛ kmthcn ˛ BZn

5. kpμ-cn-\≥ ˛ t_KU ˛ cq]I

Cu ]c-º-c-bnse ip≤-kw-thcn IrXn°v

he-P-t]´ sh¶-S-c-aW `mK-h-X¿ at\m-l-c-am-bn-

´v Nn´-kzcw cNn-®n-´p-≠v.

I√ym-W-cmK IrXn°pw Nn -kzcw D≈-Xmbn

tcJ-Iƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. t_KU IrXn-bn¬

A¥y, ZznXnb {]mk-Øn\v [mcmfw DZm-l-c-W-

ßƒ D≈-Xmbn ImWmw. BcZn IrXn-bn¬ i¶-

cm-Nm-cy-cpsS kuμcy el-cn-bn¬ \n∂p≈ ]cm-

a¿i-ßƒ e`n-°p-∂p. A©p IrXn-I-fnepw t£{X-

ap{Z Dƒs∏-SpØn ImWp-∂p. Nne IrXn-Iƒ°v a[y-

a-Ime kmlnXyw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≈Xv cmK- mhw

h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p.

tImhq¿ ]©-cXv\w

"tImhq¿' F∂ t]cv "tKmhq¿' F∂

kw⁄-bn¬ \n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-™-Xm-Wv. tImhq¿

kpμc apX-en-bm¿ A`y¿∞n-®-X-\p-k-cn®v kzman-

Iƒ Chn-SpsØ kpμ-tc-i-t£{Xw kμ¿in-°p-I-

bp-≠m-bn. tImhq¿ {Kma-Øns‚ t]cns\ kw_-

‘n-°p∂ Hcp sFXn-ly-ap-≠v. ]s≠m-cn-°¬

inhs\ X]- p-sN-bvXn-cp∂ ]cm-i‡n am¶m-Sn¬

]©m-·n-bn¬ \n∂p-sIm-≠mWv X] p sNbvXn-

cp-∂-Xv. Ah¿°p ]mep \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw tZho-tZ-

h-∑msc k¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ambn ]c-a-in-h≥

\ntbm-Kn-®Xv Ima-t[-\p-hn-s\-bm-Wv. Ima-t[\p

\n∂n-cp∂ {]tZiw "tKmhq¿' Bbn ]n¬°m-eØv

tImhq -cmbpw amdn. kpμ-tc-iz -c -aq¿Ønsb

{]Io¿Øn-®p≈ A©p IrXn-Iƒ Dƒs∏´ ]c-º-

c-bmWv tImhq¿ ]©-c-Xv\w.

1. iwt`m alm-tZh ˛ ]¥p-h-cmfn ˛ cq]Iw

2. tImcn-tk-hnw] ˛ Jc-l-c-{]nb ˛ BZn

3. Cu hkp[m ˛ ilm\ ˛ BZn

4. kpμ-tc-iz-cp\n ˛ i¶-cm-`-cWw ˛ BZn

5. \Ωn-hm-Nn\ ˛ I√ymWn ˛ cq]Iw

Acq-]n-bmb inh\pw kuμ-cy-\m-b-In-bp-

amWv Chn-SpsØ tZhn-tZ-h-∑m¿. XymK-cmP kzman-

Xncp-h-øm¿ XymK-cm-Pm-cm-[\ 1956

Acn-b-°pSn, alm-cm-P-]p-cw, Be-Øq¿ kp∫-ø¿, siΩm-¶p-Sn,

Pn F≥ _n, Sn. B¿. _mep, Be-Øq¿ {io\n-hm-k-ø¿

- 28 -


Iƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ inh `‡n-bm-Wv IrXn-I-fn¬

{]Xn-^-en-®p-Im-Wp-∂-Xv. F√m IrXn-I-fnepw

t£{X-ap{Z Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

ilm\ cmK-Øn-ep≈ "Cu hkp[m' F∂

IrXn°v at\m-l-c-amb Nn´-kz-chpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-´p-≈-Xmbn ImWmw.

{iocwKw ]©-cXv\w

Xan -g v\m -ńse Xncp -®n -d -∏ -≈n -°-SpØv

{iocwKw F∂ ÿeØp ÿnXn -sN-øp∂

cwK\mY-kzman t£{X-Ønse {iocw-K-\mY

kzmansb {]Io¿Øn®v XymK-cmP kzman-Iƒ cNn-

®n-´p≈ IrXn ]c-º-c-bmWv {iocwKw ]©-c-Xv\w.

A©p IrXn-Iƒ Dƒs∏´ Cu ]c-º-c-bn¬ cwK-

\mY kzman-bpsS kuμcyw AtX-]Sn Bhn-jv°-

cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. s]cn-b-tIm-hn-ense s]cnb s]cp-

am-fmbn Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp∂ t£{X-at{X {iocwKw

t£{Xw.

1. PqXm apcmtc ˛ BcZn ˛ cq]Iw

2. Hmiw-K-imbn ˛ Imwt_mPn ˛ BZn

3. cmPp-sh-Se ˛ tXmUn ˛ cq]I

4. Icp-W-PqU ˛ kmcwK ˛ BZn

5. hn\-cmZm ˛ tZh-Km-‘mcn ˛ BZn (tZ-im-Zn)

{iocw-K\m-Ys\ cwK-imbn, ImthcncwK≥,

IkvXqcncwK≥, cmK-]Xn F∂n-ßs\ ]e t]cp-

I-fn¬ h¿Æn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. k¿Δm-`-cW hn`q-jn-X-

\mb at\m -l-c -ß-fmb BS-bm -` -c -W-ßƒ

AWn™ irwKmc \mb-I-\mb tZh-\m-bn-´mWv

{]Io¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu ]c-º-c-bnse cmPp-

sh-S-e, Hmcw-K-imbn F∂o IrXn-Iƒ Gsd {]kn-

≤-ß-fm-Wv. Hmcw-K-imbn F∂ IrXn-bn¬ {iocw-

KsØ qtem-I-ssh-Ip-WvT-ambn k¶¬]n®v h¿Æn-

®n-cn-°p-∂p.

em¬KpUn ]©-cXv\w

em¬Kp-Un-bnse k]vXEjo-iz-c-t£{Xw

kμ¿in-®-t∏mƒ cNn® IrXn ]c-º-c-bmWv

em¬KpUn ]©-cXv\w Xs‚ injy-\mb em¬Kp-

U-cm-a-ø-tcm-sSm-∏-amWv kzman-Iƒ Cu t£{Xw

kμ¿in-®-Xv. ]c-a-in-h-s\bpw efn-Xmw_m tZho-

tbbpw {]Io¿Øn-®p≈ Cu ]c-º-c -bn¬

aqs∂Æw sXep-¶nepw cs≠Æw kwkvIr-X-Øn-

ep-amWv cNn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

1. efn-tX{in {]hrt≤ ˛ ss`chn ˛ BZn

2. KXn-\o-h\n ˛ tXmUn ˛ BZn

3. tZh-i-EKw ˛ a[y-am-hXn ˛ {Xn]pS

4. alnX {]hr≤ ˛ Imwt_mPn ˛ Nm∏p

5. Cui-]m-lnamw ˛ I√ymWn ˛ cq]Iw

{]uV-Kw- o-c-ß-fm-bn- p≈ cmK-ß-fmWv Cu

]c-º-c-bv°mbn Xnc-s™-Sp-Øn- p-≈-Xv. tZhX ap{Z-

Iƒ Cu ]c-º-c-bn¬ tN¿Øn- p-≈-Xmbn ImWmw.

IqSm-sX- bXn{]mkw-b-aIw F∂n `mjm-e-¶m-c-

ßfpw IrXn-I-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn -°p-∂p.

Imwt_mPn IrXn-bn¬ Nc-W-Øn¬ "hmln' F∂

kwPvR-b-a-I-Øn\v DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. "Cui-]m-

lnamw' F∂ I√ymWn cmK-Ir-Xn-bn¬ c≠m-asØ

hcn-bn¬ "PK-Zoi' F∂p tIm¿Øn-W-°n-bn-cn-°p-

∂p.

]©-c-Xv\-ßƒ A√msX Xm≥ kμ¿in-®n-

´p≈ t£{X-ßsf {]Io¿Øn®v H‰bv°p≈ IrXn-

I-fmbpw t£{X-Ir-Xn-Iƒ cNn-®n-´p-≠v. ]c-º-c-

bnse Hmtcm IrXnbpw kmln-Xy-`w-Kn-sIm≠pw

kwKo-X-ta-∑-sIm≠pw al-Ø-c-ß-fm-Wv. A£-

cm¿∞-Øn¬ A\-iz-c-ß-fm-bn´p Pzen-®p-sIm-≠n-

cn-°p∂ cXv\-ß-fmWv hyXy-kvXhpw sshhn-[y-

hp-am¿∂ IrXn-Iƒ Dƒs∏´ t£{X ]©-cXv\

IrXn-Iƒ.

tUm. Fkv. `mKy-e£van : C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v Nn¬{U≥kv en‰-td-®dns‚

FUn-‰-dmbn hnc-an-®p. cmK C≥ I¿Æm-SnIv ayqkn-Iv, a[pcIe, kwKoXv

]mT-ame XpS-ßnb {KŸ-ß-fpsS cN-bn-Xm-hm-Wv.

- 29 -


tUm. {]oXn sI.

I¿Æm-SI kwKoX {Xnaq¿Øn-I-fmb {io

iym-a-im-kv{Xn, {io XymKcm-P-kzm-an, {io apØp-

kzman Zo£n-X¿ F∂n-h-cpsS

ka-{K-amb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ

Fs∂∂pw Hm¿Ωn-°-s∏-tS-

≠-h-bm-Wv. C∂sØ I¿Æm-

SI kwKo-X-Øns‚ kº-∂-

X-bpsS ]n∂nse {][m\

IrXn-c-Xv\-ßƒ Cu alm-\p-

`m-h-∑m-cpsS AXp-ey-amb

`‡n-bpsSbpw, kwKo-X-tØm-

Sp≈ BZ-c-hn-s‚bpw A¿∏-

W-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw êw

sIm≠p-≠m-b-h-bm-Wv.

"AjvtSm-Ø-c-i-X-cm-K-

Xm-f-am-enI' F∂ {]kn-≤-

amb cmK-am-en-I-bpsS I¿Øm-

hpw, lwk-≤z-\n-cm-K-Øns‚

krjvSn-I¿Øm-hp-amb {io

cma-kzman Zo£n-X-cp-sS-bpw,

{ioaXn kp∫mw-_-bp-sSbpw

]p{X-\mbn Xncp-hm-cq-cn-emWv {io apØp-kzman

Zo£n-X¿ P\n-®-Xv. {io NnZw-_-c-\m-Y-tbm-Kn-bn¬

\n∂p {iohn-Zym-a{¥w D]m-k\ kn≤n At±lw

t\Sn. Kpcp-hns‚ D]-tZ-i-{]-Imcw Xncp-ØWn

kp{_-“-Wy-t£-{X-Øn¬ `P-\-an-cp∂v kp{_-“-

Wy-kzm-an-bpsS A\p-{K-l-Øm¬ At±-l-Øn\v

kwKo-X-I-hnXzw kn≤n-®p. "{io\m-YmZn Kpcp-Kp-

tlm-P-bXn PbXn' F∂p XpS-ßp∂ ambm-am-f-h-

Kuf IrXn-bmWv BZy-c-N-\. AXn-\p-tijw B\-

μ-ss`-chn cmK-Ønse "amk-\-Kp-cp-Kpcp' F∂

IrXn cNn-®p. Xs‚ Kpcp-hmb apcp-Is\ kvacn-®p-

sIm≠v "Kpcp-Kpl' F∂ \maw At±lw IrXn-I-

fn¬ ap{Z-bm-°n.

{io apØp-kzman Zo£n-X¿ IrXn-I-fnse

A\p-]a kwKo-X- -km-lnXy ka-\zb kuμcyw

apØp-kzman Zo£nX-cpsS IrXn-Iƒ F√mw

Xs∂ {]uV-Kw-ò-c-amb kwkvIrX `mj-bn-em-

Wv. hmt§-b-Im-c-\m-Ip-∂-Xn\v

apºv Xs∂ At±lw thZw,

kwkvIrXw, tPymXnj hymI-

c-WmZn imkv{X-ßƒ, kwKo-

Xw, hoW F∂n -h -bn¬

]mWvUnXyw t\Sn. ]nXm-hmb

cma-kzman Zo£n-X¿ Xs∂-bm-

bn-cp∂p BZy-Kp-cp. Bflob

Kpcp-hmb NnZw-_-c-\m-Y-tbm-Kn-

bpsS klm-b-Øm¬ Imin-

bn¬ h®v lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-

X-Ønepw Adnhv kºm-Zn-®p.

]n¬°m-eØv lao¿I-√ym-Wn,

ZznPm-h-¥n, bap-\m-I-√ym-Wn,

hrμm-h-\-km-cwK F∂o cmK-

ß-fnse IrXn-Iƒ cNn-°p-hm≥

Cu Adnhv klm-b-I-am-bn.

Zo£n-X-cpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ

Zo£n-X-cpsS IrXn-Iƒ

Ah-bps-S kmlnXy `wKn-sIm-≠pw, cmK-`mhw

sIm≠pw, sshhn[yw sIm≠pw Gsd {it≤-

b-am-Wv.

1. kaq-l-Ir-Xn-Iƒ / hn`-‡n-Ir-Xn-Iƒ

kaqlIrXn cN-\-bn¬ G‰hpw ap≥]-¥n-

bn-ep≈ hmt§-b-Im-c≥ Zo£n-X-cm-Wv. Xncp-hm-cq¿

Ia-emw-_sb kvXpXn-®p-sIm≠v At±lw cNn®

Ia-emw-_m-\-hm-h-cWw H≥]Xp -Ir-Xn-I-fpw, Hcp

[ym\-Ir-Xn-bpw, awK-f-Ir-Xnbpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Hmtcm IrXn-bp-sSbpw XpS-°-Øn¬ Hmtcm hn`‡n

{]tXyIw tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p. {ioN-{IsØ Bkv]-

Z-am°n cNn-®n-´p≈ Cu IrXn-I-fn¬ Hmtcm Bh-

- 30 -


c-W-ß-sfbpw AXnse tZh-X-am-tcbpw Ipdn®v

hni-Z-ambn ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm cmKhpw apgp-

h≥ kuμ-cyhpw {]I-S-am-°p∂ coXn-bn-emWv Cu

IrXn-Iƒ At±lw D]-tbm-Kn -®n -cn -°p-∂-Xv.

s]mXpth hnfw-_n-X-Im-e-Øn-emWv Cu IrXn-Iƒ

]mSn-h-cp-∂-Xv. IrXn-I-fpw, cmK-ßfpw NphsS sImSp-

°p-∂p.

1. [ym\-IrXn Ia-emw-_ntI tXmUn cq]Iw

2 If

2. H∂mw Bh-c-W-IrXn Ia-emw-_m-kw-c-£Xp

˛ B\-μ-ss`-chn ˛ Nm∏v

3. cmw Bh-c-W-IrXn ˛ Ia-emw-_mw-`-Ptc ˛

I√ymWn ˛ BZn 2 If

4. aq∂mw Bh-c-W-IrXn ˛ {ioI-a-emw-_n-Ibm

˛ i¶-cm-`-cWw ˛ cq]Iw 2 If

5. \memw Bh-c-W-IrXn ˛ Ia-emw-_n-Imssb ˛

Imwt_mPn ˛ AS

6. A©mw Bh-c-W-IrXn ˛ {ioI-a-emw-_n-

Imbmx ss`chn ˛ an{i-Pw]

7. Bdmw Bh-c-W-IrXn ˛ Ia-emw-_n-Imbmx

]p∂-K-h-cmfn ˛ cq]Iw ˛ 2 If

8. Ggmw Bh-c-W-IrXn ˛ {ioI-a-emw-_n-Imbmw

˛ ilm\ ˛ Nm∏v

9. F´mw Bh-c-W-IrXn ˛ {ioI-a-emw-_ntI ˛

L ˛ BZn 2 If

10. HºXmw Bh-c-W-IrXn {ioI-a-emw-_m-P-bXn

˛ Blncn ˛ cq]Iw ˛ 2 If

11. awKf IrXn ˛ {ioI-a-emw-_ntI ˛ {iocmKw ˛

JWvU-PmXn GI.

ambm-hcw t£{X-Ønse A`-bmw-_m-tZ-

hnsb {]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v bYm-{Iaw I√ym-Wn,

ss`c-hn, i¶-cm- -c-Ww, bZp-Ip-e-Imw-t_m-Pn-, tIZm-

c-Ku-f, tIZm-cw, ilm-\, tXmUn, {iocmKw F∂o

cmK-ß-fn¬ At±lw A`-bmw_m hn`‡n IrXn-

Iƒ cNn-®n-´p-≠v. XymK-cmP hn`‡n IrXn-I-fn¬

At±lw ATm-W, bZp-Ip-e-Imw-t_m-Pn, kme-K-

ss`-c-hn, t_K-U, Z¿_m¿, cp{Z-{]n-b, kmcw-K,

hoc-h-k¥w F∂o cmK-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-

∂p. \h-{Kl IrXn-Iƒ : Xncp-hm-cq¿ XymK-cm-P-

kzman t£{X-Ønse ip≤-a-±-f-°m-c-\mb Xºn-b-

∏≥ F∂ Xs‚ injys‚ hb-dp-th-Z\ ian-∏n-°p-

∂-Xn-\mbn Zo£n-X¿ Xºn-b-∏s‚ PmXIw ]cn-

tim-[n®v Kpcp-hns‚ (hym-gw) {]Xn-Iq-e-ÿn-Xn-

bmWv tcmK-Øns‚ ImcWw F∂p I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-

Ibpw XpS¿∂v _rl-kv]-Xn-bp-sS A\p-{K-l-Øn-

\mbn ATm-W-cm-K-Øn¬ "_rl-kv]sX' F∂

IrXn-c-Nn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXv \nXyw ]mcm-

bWw sNbvX-t∏mƒ tcmK-i-a\w D≠m-bn. ]n∂oSv

injys‚ At]£ {]Imcw At±lw F√m {Kl-

ß-sf-°p-dn®pw IrXn-Iƒ cNn-®p. BZn-Xy≥ apX¬

i\n-h-sc-bp≈ Ggp-Ir-Xn-I¬ iqemZn k]vX-Xm-

f-Øn-em-Wv. Hmtcm IrXn-I-fnepw {Kl-Øns‚ cmin

BZn-]-Xyw, {Kl-ß-fpsS KpW-tZm-j-^-e-ßƒ,

{Kl-{]o-Xn-°p≈ hn[n-Iƒ F∂nh At±lw

hy‡-ambn ]d-bp-∂p. CXn¬ kucm-jv{Sw, Akm-

th-cn, kpcp- n, \m -°p-dp-™n, ATm-W, ]c-iv, bZp-

Ip-e-Imw-t_m-Pn, cam-a-t\m-lcn (cm-a-{]n-b), Nmacw

(jäp-J-{]n-b) F∂o cmK-ß-fmWv D]-tbm-Kn-

®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \h-{K-l-Ir-Xn-Iƒ \ntXy\ ]mSp-

∂Xv t{ib-kv°-c-am-sW∂p hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ]©-

enw-K-ÿ-e-Ir-Xn-Iƒ : ]rYzn (`q-an), A]v (P-ew),

tXP v (A-·n), hmbp (B-Im-iw) F∂o ]©-

enw-K-ßsf kvXpXn-®p-sIm≠v bYm-{Iaw ss`chn,

bap-\m-I-√ymWn, kmcw-K, lptk-\n, tIZmcw

F∂o cmK-ß-fn¬ sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ Cu IrXn-Iƒ

hfsc hnti-j-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv. Im©n-]p-cw, Pw_p-

tI-izcw, Xncp-h-Æm-asse, Imf-l-kvXn, NnZw-_cw

F∂o ÿesØ enwK-ß-sf-bmWv CXn¬ hnh-

cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Xncp-hm-cq-cnse AN-te-iz-c≥, lS-

tI-iz-c≥, hm¬ao-tI-iz-c≥, B\-μ-tμ-iz-c≥, kn≤o-

iz-c≥ F∂o ]©-enwK {]Xn-jvT-I-sf-°p-dn®pw

At±lw IrXn-Iƒ cNn-®n-´p-≠v. KW-]-Xn-bpsS 16

cq]-ßsf {]Io¿Øn®v At±lw tjmU-i-K-W-]-

Xn-Ir-Xn-Iƒ cNn-®p. Xncp-hm-cq¿ t£{X-Øn-emWv

Cu {]XnjvT ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv. X{¥-imkv{X

A[n-jvTn-X-amWv Cu IrXn-Iƒ. BsI 24 IrXn-

Iƒ KW-]-Xn-sb-°p-dn®v am{Xw At±lw cNn-®n-

- 31 -


´p-≠v. kp{_-“Wy kzmansb {]Io¿Øn-®p-

sIm≠pw At±lw Kpcp-Kp-l-hn- ‡n IrXn-Iƒ cNn-

®n- p-≠v. CXnse kmln-Xyhpw, kwKo-Xhpw At±-

l-Øns‚ Bflo-b-⁄m-\-Øn-s‚bpw, ]cn-]-Iz-

amb thZm-¥-Nn-¥-bp-sSbpw cmK-ß-fn-ep≈ At±-

l-Øns‚ AKm-[-]m-WvUn-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw hy‡-

amb sXfn-hp-I-fm-Wv. {io\m-Ym-Zn-Kp-cp-Kp-tlm-P-

b¥n F∂ BZyIrXn H∂p ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Nc-

W-Ønse ambm-ab hnizm-[n-jvTm-t\m, ambm-Im-

cy-I-e-\m-lot\m, ama-I-k-l-{k-I-a-em-ko-t\m, aXn-

aXmw lrZ-b-tKm-]pc Zot]m F∂o ]Z-ßƒ

A¿∞-hym-]vXn-bp-≈-hbpw {]uV-amb kwkvIrX

`mj-bnse {]mk-`wKn \nd-™-Xp-amWv F∂v

ImWmw. CXn¬ At±lw ÿe-ap{Z (am-bm-am-f-h-

Ku-f-tZ-im-Zn), cmK-ap-{Z, hmt§-b-Im-c-ap{Z F∂n-

hbpw tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. BZy-Ir-Xn-bn¬ ambm-am-f-h-

Kuf cmKw D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xns‚ HuNn-Xyhpw {it≤-

b-am-Wv. apI-fn¬ hnh-cn® kaq-l-Ir-Xn-Iƒ

IqSmsX {ioIr-jvW≥, cma≥, kc-kz-Xn, ao\m-

£n, imkvXmhv F∂o tZh-X-Isf {]Io¿Øn®v

At\Iw IrXn-Iƒ At±lw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. {io

sh¶n-S-a-Jn-bpsS 72 Ak-ºq¿Æ taf ]≤-Xnsb

\ap-°mbn ImØp-kq-£n-®Xv {io apØp-kzman

Zo£n-X¿ IrXn-I-fm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn At±lw

I\-Imw-_cn F∂p XpS-ßp∂ IrXn kcn-a-]-[-k-

\n-[-]-a-K-cnk F∂ Btcm-lW Ah-tcm-lW

{]Im-c-amWv cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚

IrXn-Iƒ am{X-amWv taL-c-RvPn, ssk¥-hn,

B{Zm-tZ-in, amcp-h, cma-I-en, \mK-h-cm-fn, taml-

\-\m´ F∂o hfsc A]q¿Δ-ambn tIƒ°p∂ cmK-

ß-fpsS hy‡-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ. C{X-b-[nIw

IrXn-Iƒ At±lw cNn-®n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Hcp

]t£ Ak-ºq¿Æ-taf ]≤-Xn-bn-ep≈ cmK-

ßfpw, ]e A]q¿Δ-cm-K-ßfpw ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬

am{Xw kzc cq]-Øn¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

At±lw "t\m´p-kz-c-ßƒ' F∂ t]cn¬ 40

]m›mXy coXn-bnep≈ t\m´p-Iƒ°p-th≠n

cNn® kmlnXyw henb Hcp hnkvabw Xs∂-bm-

Wv. Cu t\m´p-kz-c-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-∂Xv kzc-ß-fpsS

IrXy-amb ÿm\w a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xn-\pw, kzc-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp Nhn-´p-]-Sn-bmbn I¿Æm-SI

kwKoX hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v D]-tbm-K-{]-Z-hp-am-Wv.

sshWo-I-\mb At±-l-Øns‚ Ka-I-ß-fn-ep≈

{]mhoWyw ss`c-hn, I√ym-Wn, i¶-cm-`-c-Ww,

tXmUn, Ka-I-{Inb F∂o cmK-ß-fnse IrXn-I-

fn¬ hfsc hy‡-am-Wv. qcn- mKw IrXn-Ifpw hnfw-

_n-X-Im-e-Øn¬ Xs∂-bm-sW∂p ]d-bmw. ]t£

At±-l-amWv hnfw-_nXIme IrXn-I-fpsS Ah-

km-\-`m-KØv a≤y-a-Ime kmlnXyw \¬In "eb-

k-a-\zbw' km≤y-am-°nb bYm¿∞ Kth-j-I≥

F∂p ]d-bmw. "ka-jvSn-N-cWw' F∂ A\p-]-√-

hn-bp-sSbpw, Nc-W-Øn-s‚bpw A¿∞w Dƒs°m-

≈p∂ AwKw At±-l-amWv BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-

®-Xv. k]vX-Xm-f-ß-fnepw At±lw IrXn-Iƒ cNn-

®n-´p-≠v. 2 If cq]-Iw, Xn{k-{Xn-]p-S, JWvU-PmXn

GI F∂o Xmf-ßfpw At±lw IrXn-I-fn-eqsS

{]kn-≤-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. cmK-ß-fpsS t]cv AYh

cmK-ap-{Z, IrXn-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n- p≈ A{K-K-Wy-

\mb kwkvIrX ]WvUn-X-\mWv Zo£n-X¿.

kmlnXyØns‚ A¿∞-Øn\p `wKw hcmsX

F∂m¬ AXns‚ `wKn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-amdv AXmXv

IrXn-I-fpsS cmK-ß-fpsS t]cv At±lw IrXn-I-

fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n- p-≠v. "kwkm-c- o-Xym-]tl' F∂

Bc`n cmK-Ønse "{io kc-kzXn' F∂ IrXn-

bnse A¿∞-]q¿Æ-ambn cmK-ap{Z hfsc Kwò-c-

am-Wv. "lwk-≤z\n `qjnX' tlcw`w F∂-Xn¬

lwk-≤z-\n-cm-K-Øm¬ B`q-jn-X-\mb hmXm-]n-

bnse tlcw-_-K-W-]-Xnsb hnh-cn-°p-∂p. "I\-

Imw-_cn Imcp-Wym-ar-X-e-lcn' F∂ IrXn-bn¬

"I\-Imw-_cn' F∂Xv cmK-\m-a-sØbpw, I\I

hkv{Xw [cn® tZhn-sbbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

At±lw cNn® 500-˛-¬∏cw IrXn-Iƒ GI-tZiw

268 IrXn-I-fn¬ cmK-ap{Z ip≤-cm-K-ap-{Z-bm-bpw, kqNn-

X-cm-K-ap-{Z-bmbpw {]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ bXn, {]mkw,

F∂o kw-kvIrX `mj-bpsS kuμ-cy-ßƒ `wKn-

bmbn ktΩ-fn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. {iocm-K-

Ønse "{ioh-c-e£vao' F∂ IrXn-bnse {iokm-

c-k-]-tZ-˛-c-k-]-tZ-˛-k-]-tZ-˛-]tZ F∂Xv tKm]p-—-

b-Xn°v DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. At±lw kwkvIrXw

- 32 -


IqSmsX aWn-{]-hm-f-Ønepw (kw-kvIr-Xw, sXep-

¶v, Xan-gv) IrXn-Iƒ cNn-®n-´p-≠v. At±-l-Øns‚

"{iohn-iz-\mYw' F∂ 14 cmK-ßƒ tN¿∂ cmK-

am-en-I-bpw, "]q¿Æ-N-{μ-_nw_ hnPb' F∂ Bdv

cmK-ßƒ tN¿∂ cmK-am-en-Ibpw "knwlm-k-\-

ÿntX' F∂ kucmjv{Sw, hk-¥, kpcp-ń, a[y-

am-hXn F∂o 4 cmK-ßƒ tN¿∂ cmK-am-en-Ibpw

{]kn-≤-am-Wv. Ct±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-Iƒ F√mw

Xs∂ t£{X-ß-fpsS kzm[o\w hfsc hy‡-am-

Wv. At±lw cNn® IrXn-I-fnse t£{X-ß-fpsS

amlmflyw F√mw Xs∂ IrXn-I-fnse kmln-Xy-

Øn-ep-S-\ofw ImWmw. GI-tZiw 64 t£{X-ßƒ

At±lw t\cn´p kμ¿in®p Xs∂ IrXn-Iƒ cNn-

®n- p-≠v. tIc-f-Ønse Kpcp-hm-bq¿ IrjvW-s\-°p-

dn -®pw, ]g -h -ßmSn KW-]-Xn -sb-°p -dn®pw,

imkvXm-hn-s\-°p-dn®pw At±lw IrXn-Iƒ cNn-

®n- p-≠v.

`mc-Xob kwKo-X-Øns‚ Z£n-tW-¥y≥,

DØ-tc-¥y≥, ]m›mXyw F∂o F√m-Øcw

Km\ssien-Ifpw, kzmwio-I-cn®v Xs‚ IrXn-I-fn-

eqsS kwKo-X-tem-I-Øn\v A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-°nb

Hcp AXpey {]Xn-`-bpw, ]WvUn-X-\p-amWv apØp-

kzman Zo£n-X¿.

tUm. {]oXn sI. : ImeSn {io i¶c kwkvIrX k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bnse kwKoX

hn`mKw Akn-Ã‚ v {]^-k¿.

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EvãtöxckjbfäTx ofbmX GòªTx Zjg cCfTx aìùlvëãfwbòªx EvãtöxGçeãfjfTgÿleCx. Evkägsë FóØbfYb~äeã aòeJx, svÖx,MqTj, hBX, kjfêx FbãeCx vwkgÿlx. Evãtöfw hRgaòjezEùiufTgÿbq DÖh¥ambemcflfãgceãf yÀsh¥aëçleCx.

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ùMr OqîMem£e MjCX!DÿoevùhYgabû MjCcÖh¥e DÿoevX cueoevX

F√m h¿jhpw hr›nI amk-Øn¬ imkvXmw-]m- n-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®pw

ss]¶p\n D{Xw \mfnepw \S-Øp∂ ""A∂-Zm\w'' ≠n-te°v DZm-c-

ambn kw`m-h\ sNøp-I. kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ‡-P-\-ß-fpsS t]cn¬

F≥tUm-hvsa‚mbpw Aø∏ tkhm-k-an-XnbpsS ]°¬ G¬∏n-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv.

- 33 -


tUm. aRvPp tKm]m¬

\mZ-cq-]n-Wnsb {]Xy-£-am-°nb iymam-im-kv{Xn-Iƒ

X©m-hq¿ Bÿm-\-ambn hf¿∂p

hnImkw {]m]n® I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Øns‚

kph¿Æ-Im-e-sa∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂ 18-˛mw \q‰m-

≠n¬, Xncp-hm-cq-cn¬ `qPm-

Xcmb kwKoX {Xnaq¿Øn-I-

fn¬ {iohnZym D]m-k-I-\m-bn-

cp∂p ˛ {io iymaimkv{Xn-

Iƒ, (1762-˛1827). At±lw Hcp

DØa hmt§-b-Im-c-\pw, kwKo-

X-⁄-\pw, Imam-£n-tZ-hn-

bpsS A¿®-I-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

P\-\w, hnZym- ymkw

{io iyma-imkv{Xn 1762

G{]n¬ 26˛mw XobXn {io

hniz -\mY Aø-cp -sSbpw

{ioaXn sh¶-e-£van-bp-sSbpw

]p{X-\mbn P\n-®p. B{‘-{]-

tZ-inse "Iºw' kztZ-in-I-fm-

bn -cp -∂p, At± -l-Øns‚

]q¿Δn-I¿. Ah¿ Im©o-]p-cw,

Pn©n, DZ-b¿]m-f-bw, B\-°p-

Sn, hnP-b-]q-cw, \mKq¿, aS-∏p-cw, kn°n¬ F∂o

tZi-ß-fn-eqsS \q‰m-≠p-I-tfmfw Xß-fpsS Ipe-

tZ-h-X-bmb _wKmcp Imam-£n-bp-ambn (kz¿Æ-

Øn-ep≈ Imam£n hn{K-lw) k©-cn®v HSphn¬

Xncp-hm-cq -cn¬ F-Øn-t®¿∂p. Chn-sS-bmWv

imkv{Xn-I-fpsS P\-\w.

XpfP alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ (1765-˛1787) tkh-I-

\m-bn-cp∂ {io. hniz-\mY Aø¿, [mcmfw `qkz-

Øn-\p-S-a-bm-bn-cp-∂p. sh¶-Sm-N-e-]-Xn-bpsS A\p-

{K-l-Øm¬ At±-l-Øn\p e`y-amb ]p{X-\mWv

iyma-im-kv{Xn-Iƒ. Im¿ØnI \£{X-Øn¬ P\n-

®-Xn-\m¬ sh¶-S-kp-{_-“-Wy-s\∂v \ma-I-cWw

sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw iyma-Ir-jvW≥ F∂ Hma-\-t∏-

cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

5˛mw hb- n¬ ]T-\-am-cw- n® At±lw \mep-

sIm-√-Øn-\p-≈n¬ ivtfmI-ß-

fpw, kvtXm{X-ß-fpw, Aa-c-tIm-

ihpw a‰pw lr{Zn-ÿ-am-°n.

IqSmsX kz]n-Xm-hn¬\n∂v

kwkvIr-Xw, sXep-¶v, thZ-

ßƒ, D]-\n -j -Øp -°ƒ,

X{¥w, {ipXn-Iƒ, kvar-Xn-Iƒ

F∂n-h -bn¬ ]cn -⁄m\w

t\Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xs∂-

t∏mse iyma -Ir -jvW\pw

sshZn-I-hr-Øn-bn¬ hym]r-X-

\m-I-W-sa-∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p

A—s‚ A`n-em-jw. hnhn[

hnj-b-ß-fn -ep≈ iyma-Ir-

jvWs‚ AKm-[-]m-WvUnXyw

At±-l-Øn\v imkv{Xn-Iƒ

F∂ t]¿ t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Øp.

kwKoX ]T\w

imkv{Xn-I-fpsS kwKo-Xm-`n-cpNn A`n-hr-≤n-

s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p≈ A\p-Iq-e-amb kml-Ncyw At±-

l-Øns‚ IpSpw-_m-¥-co-£-Øn¬ C√m-bn-cp-∂p.

Xs‚ amXq-e-\n¬ \n∂pw kwKo-X-]-T\w Bcw-`n-

®n-cp-s∂-¶n-epw, kwKo-X-⁄-c-√mØ amXm-]n-Xm-

°-fpw, a‰p _‘p-°fpw At±-lsØ t{]m’m-

ln-∏n-®n-cp-∂n-√.

Hcn°¬, ]nXm-hns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ Hcp `‡-

\p-th≠n Imam£n tZhn°v A¿® \S-Ønb thf-

bn¬ At±lw kwKo-Xm-fl-I-ambn efnXm kl-{k-

\m-a-ap-cp-hn- p. XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬ B ‡≥ kΩm-\n®

- 34 -


DØ-co-b-amWv At±-l-Øn\p e`n® GI t{]’m-

l-\w.

]n∂o-Sv, NmXp¿amky hrX-a-\p-jvTn-°m≥

hniz-\mY Aø-cpsS Krl-Øn¬ FØn-t®¿∂

kwKoX kzman-Iƒ F∂ bXn-h-cy≥ iyma-Ir-

jvWs‚ kwKo-X-ss\-]pWyw Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw

At±-l-Øns‚ Kpcp-hm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

GI-tZiw \mep-am-kw-sIm≠v \m\qdv e£W

KoX-ß-fpƒs∏sS cmK- -Xm-f- -kzc {]kvXm-c-ß-sf-

°p-dn-®p≈ Kl-\-amb Ah-Kmlw At±lw t\Sn.

]n¬°m-eØv imkv{Xn-Iƒ kwKoX kzman-I-fpsS

\n¿t±-i-{]-Imcw ]®n-an-cnbw BZn-b-∏® F∂

kwKo-X-⁄-\p-ambn kulrZw ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw

AXn-eqsS Xs‚ kwKo-X-]m-Shw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-

°p-Ibpw, {ItaW HcpØ-a-hm-t§-b-Im-c\pw anI-

hm¿÷n® Hcp kwKo-X-⁄-\p-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

imkv{Xn-I-fpsS tZho- ‡n

Xs‚ Ipe-tZ-h-X-bmb Imam-£n-tZ-hn-bpsS

\ntXym-]m-k-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p, imkv{Xn-Iƒ. _wKm-

cp-Im-am-£nsb IqSmsX Im©n-Im-am-£n, a[p-c-

ao-\m-£n, \oe-b-Xm-£n, _rl-Zw-_, [¿Ω-kw-

h¿≤\n F∂n-ßs\ hnhn[ t£{X-ß-fnse tZho-

k-¶¬]sØ {]Io¿Øn®pw At±lw Io¿Ø-\-

ßƒ cNn-®n- p-≠v. sh≈n-bm-gvN-I-fnepw a‰p {][m\

A\p-jvTm\ Znh-k-ß-fnepw At±lw aWn-°q-dp-

I-tfmfw X]:\njvT-tbmsS tZhn-]qP sNbvXn-cp-

∂p-sh∂pw AXn-\p-tijw `mh-k-ºp-jvS-amb

Io¿Ø-\-ß-fm-e-]n-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw tcJ-I-fn¬

ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Hcn°¬ ]pXp-t°m-´-bnse _rl-Zw_

t£{X-Øn¬ {]m¿∞\ \nc-X-\mbn \n∂-th-f-

bn¬ Hcp `‡≥ a[p -c -ao -\m£n tZhnsb

{]Io¿Øn®v Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ cNn-°p-hm-\m-h-iy-s∏-

´p. X©m-hq-cn-se-Øn-b-tijw At±lw 7 IrXn-

Iƒ cNn-°p-Ibpw a[p-c-bn-te-°p≈ bm{Xm-th-f-

bn¬ a‰p c≠p Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ IqSn ]q¿Øn-bm-

°p-I-bpw, Chsb CW-°n-t®¿Øv \h-c-Xv\-am-enI

F∂ Io¿Ø-\-k-ap-®bw tZhn-°p-ap-ºn¬ Be-]n-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. "ambΩ' F∂p XpS-ßp∂

Blcn cmK Io¿Ø-\m-em-]-\-Øn¬ Bth-i-`-cn-

X-\mb Hcp `‡≥ s]s´∂v K¿`-Kr-l-Øn-te°p

IS∂v tZho-in -c - n -e-Wn-bn -®-cp∂ hkv{Xw

imkv{Xn-I-fpsS inc- n¬ AWn-bn-®p. as‰mcp

hy‡n hymfoap-J-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp Xw_pcp

kΩm-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tZho-`-‡-\mb hmt§-

b-Im-c\p e`n® AwKo-Im-c-am-bn-am-dnb Cu kw`hw

Ncn-{X-Øm-fp-I-fn¬ ]Xn-™p.

]√hn a’-c-ß-fn-te¿s∏-tS≠n h∂ iyma-

im-kv{Xn-Iƒ, Hcn°¬ "t_m_nen tIihø'

F∂ kwKo-X-⁄-\p-ambn am‰p-c-°p-∂-Xn\p sXm´p

Xte-Zn-hkw tZhn-bpsS kao-]-Øp-\n∂v a\-ap-cpIn

krjvSn® A]q¿Δ cmK-amWv "Nn¥m-aWn'. Cu

cmK-Øn-ep≈ "tZho-t{_m-hm-k-a-b-antX' F∂

Io¿Ø\w I¿Æm-S-I-kw-Ko-X-tem-IØv C∂v Nnc-

]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv.

tZhnsb ambΩ (F‚ AΩ), PK-Zw-_, X√n,

Aw_, {Xntem-I-amX F-s∂√mw At±lw

kwt_m-[\ sNøp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ inip-Xp-

ey-amb \njv°-f-¶-X-bpw, ]q¿Æ-amb Bfl-k-a¿∏-

W-hpw, tZhn-Z¿i-\-Øn-\pw, A\p-{K-l-Øn-\p-ambn

bmNn-°p∂ Hcp `‡s‚ lrZ-bhpw {]kvXpX

IrXn-I-fn¬ \nd™p \nev°p-∂p.

DZm : 1. amb-Ω-b-\nt\ ]ne-NntX amSvfm-S-dmZ?

\mtXm amSvfm-S-dmZm?

(Rm≥ AΩ-sb∂v hnfn®v Ae-ap-d-bn-Sp-

tºmƒ AtΩ! \o F¥mWv Ft∂m-Sp-cn-

bm-Sm-ØXv?)

\ymbam? ao\m -£n -°-Zn -\n -∂p -hn\

thscZns°-h-cp-∂mcp?

(CXp \ymb-amtWm? \ob-√msX a‰m-cp-

s≠-\n°v?)

(B-l-cn-Ir-Xn-bn¬\n-∂v)

- 35 -


2. \∂p t{_mhp efnX AXnth-Kta

(Fs∂ c£n-®mepw tZhn! F{Xbpw

s]s´∂v Fs∂ c£n-®m-epw)

(e-fn-X-cmK IrXn)

3. tZhn! t{_mh-k-a-b-antX AXn-th-Kta

h®n!

(c-£n-°m-\p≈ ka-b-an-XmWv tZhn,

F{Xbpw s]s´∂p hcp-I)

(Nn-¥m-aWn IrXn)

hnIm-c-Xo-{h-amb CØcw Io¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS

cmK- -Xm-f- -e-b-k-tΩ-f\w A\-\y-am-Wv. hnfw-_nX

eb-Øn¬ kmln-Xy-`mhw cmK-`m-h-tØm-Sn-W-ßn-

t®¿∂v \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ Xs∂,

Cu IrXn-I-fpsS Bem-]\w Xmc-X-tay\ {]bm-

k-ta-dn-b-Xm-Wv. AXn kq£va-amb eb-hy-Xym-kw-

t]mepw Cu IrXn-I-fpsS `mh-Øn\v hn]-co-X-

ambnamdp-∂p.

IrXn-I-fpsS FÆ-Øn¬, imkv{Xn-Iƒ Xs‚

ka-Im-eo-\-cmb XymK-cmP kzman-I-fp-sSbpw apØp-

kzm-an-Zo-£n-X-cp-sSbpw ]nd-In-em-sW-¶nepw Ah-

bpsS krjvSn-ssh-`-hhpw eb-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb

hnin-jvS-amb LS-\-bp-amWv kwKoX {Xnaq¿Øn-

I-fn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ ÿm\w Dd-∏n-®-Xv.

iyma-im-kv{Xn-Iƒ 300 Hmfw kwKoX cN-\-

Iƒ \n¿Δ-ln-®-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw, GI-

tZiw \qtdmfw cN-\-Iƒ am{Xta At±-l-Øns‚

Ime-tijw {]N-cn-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. Ch-bn¬ Xs∂

Npcp-ßnb FÆw am{X-amWv It®-cn-I-fn¬ ]mSn-

∏-Xn-™-h. {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb 72 Io¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬,

2 FÆ-sam-gnsI tijn-®h hnhn[ tZho-k-

¶¬∏sØ {]Io¿Øn-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv.

k¶o¿Æ-amb cmK-ß-fn-epw, AXn-ep-]cn

k¶o¿Æ-amb Xmf-ß-fnepw At±lw cN-\-Iƒ

\n¿Δ-ln-®n- p-≠v. injy-∑m-cpsS Zu¿e- y-hpw, Xmf-

{]-kvXm-c -Øn-e-[n -jvTn -X -amb IrXn -I-fpsS

k¶o¿Æ-amb LS-\bpw At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-

fpsS {]Nm-c-Øn\v hnLm-X-ambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂p.

F∂m¬, kmln-Xy- m-h-Øn-s‚ emfnXyw Hcp

bYm¿∞ `‡s‚ a\- ns\ sXm´-dn-bm≥ A\p-

hm-N-I¿°v Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p-∂p. Aan-X-amb

kzmX-{¥y-tØm-sS, Hcp ]n©p-Ip™v Xs‚ amXm-

hn-t\mSp kwh-Zn-°p∂ ssien-bmWv At±-l-

Øns‚ cN-\-I-fn¬ A[n-I-hpw.

a‰p Nne {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ

1. kwkvIr-Xw, Xan-gv, sXep¶v F∂o `mj-Iƒ

IrXn-c-N-\-°mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

2. KW-]-Xnsb kvXpXn-°p∂ Io¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS

A`m-hw.

3. KoXw, h¿Æw, kzc-Pm-Xn, IrXn, kap-Zm-b-IrXn

XpS-ßnb sshhn-[y-amb kwKoX cN-\-Iƒ

4. B\-μ-ss` -chn F∂ cmK-Øn -t\m -Sp≈

{]tXyI B`n-apJyw

5. "ic-`-\-μ\' F∂ \ho-\-Xm-f-Øns‚ cq]o-I-c-

Ww.

iyma-im-kv{Xn-I-fpsS kwKoX krjvSn-Iƒ

_u≤n-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb A\p- hw {]Zm\w

sNøp-∂p. F-Æ-Øn-\-√, anI-hn-\mWv AwKo-Im-c-

sa∂v At±-l-Øns‚ kwKo-X-c-N-\-Iƒ sXfn-bn-

®n-cn-°p-∂p. F√m-‰n-ep-ap-]cn At±-l-Øns‚ tZho-

`‡n thdn´p \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.

tUm. aRvPp tKm]m¬ : ImeSn {io i¶c kwkvIrX k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bnse

kwKoX hn`mKw Akn-Ã‚ v {]^-k¿.

- 36 -


kzmXn kvarXn-I-fn-eq-sS ...

‘alm-cmP kzmXn-Xn-cp-\mƒ’; B \ma-kva-c-

W-t]mepw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmP-hw-i-Øns‚

Ctß-b-‰sØ Hcp IWn-I-bm-Im≥ mKyw kn≤n®

Fs‚ a\- n¬ A`n-am-\hpw Bfl-\n¿hr-Xnbpw

\nd-bv°p-∂p.

`mc-Xob kwKoX KwK, lnμp-ÿm-\n,

I¿Wm-SnIv F∂o c≠p

ssIh-gn-I-fmbn A\¿Kfw

HgpIp-∂p. F∂m¬ ]e-

t∏mgpw Cu kwKoX ]≤-

Xn-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ InS-a-’-

c-ßfpw hnhn[ Lcm-\-Ifpw

At\Iw _mWn-Ifpw Rm≥

aotX Rm≥ aotX F∂-co-

Xn -bn¬ \nc¿∞-I-ambn

hmZn -°p -tºmgpw ip≤

kwKo-XsØ Bcm-[n-°p∂

bYm¿∞ kwKoX a\- p-

Iƒ Akz-ÿ-am-Im-dp-≠v.

Cu kwKoX sshhn-

[y -ß-tfbpw Ah-bpsS

am[p-cy-sØbpw tZi-Ime

hyXy m -k -ßƒ°∏pd w

s\t©‰nb alm-cm-Pm-hm-bn-

cp∂p kzmXn -Xn -cp -\mƒ.

AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Cu c≠v kwKo-X-[mc-

Iƒ°pw sNdp-X-√mØ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬Im≥

At±-lØns‚ kwKoX Pohn-X-Øn\v km[n-®p.

kwKoX ]nXm-als\-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]pc-μ-

c-Zm-k¿ ]mSnb hcn-I-fn-¬ \n∂pw {]tNm-Z\w

Dƒs°m-≠nt´m F∂-ptXm-∂p-amdv kzmXn-Xn-cp-\mƒ

AizXn Xncp-\mƒ cma-h¿Ω

\rØ-kw-Ko-X-Ønepw Xs‚ hy‡n-ap{Z ]Xn-∏n-®n-

cp-∂p.

X©m-hq-cn¬ \n∂pw D≈ Hcp \rØ hnZp-

jn-bm-bn-cp∂ kpμ-c-e£van F∂ \¿Ø-Insb

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se-Øn®v Hcp ZsØ-Sp-°-en-eqsS

Xs‚ dmWn-bmbn kzoI-cn-®p. Xm≥ cNn®v Nn -s∏-

Sp-Ønb \nc-h[n ]Z-ßfpw

Pmh-en-Ifpw \rØ-cq-]-Øn-

em-°m≥ a\- p-Im-Wn® B

alm-flm-hns\ Iem-tem-I-

Øn\v Fßs\ ad-°m-\m-Ipw.

C { X b p w s I m ≠ v

At±lw kwKo-X-k-]-cy -

bn¬ am{Xw a\ v ka¿∏n-

®n-cp∂ Hcp cmPm-hm-bn-cp-∂p-

sh∂v [cn-°-cp-Xv. Xncp-hn-

Xmw-Iq-dn¬ `c-W-cw-KØv

Imtem-Nn-X-amb ]e-]-cn -

jvIm-c-ßfpw \S-∏n-em-°nb

`c-Wm-[n -Im-cn -Iq -Sn -bm-bn -

cp∂p kzmXn -Xn -cp -\mƒ.

{]mIr-X-ß-fmb ipNo{μw

ssIap°v, Nn{X-h[w XpS-

ßnb A\m-Nm -c -ßƒ

\n¿Ø-em -°n Xs‚

cmPysØ Ime-Øn-s\m∏w \oßm≥ {]m]vXam-

°nb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw.

Ct∏mƒ Gsd hnhm-Z-ßƒ°v Xncn-sIm-fp-

Øn-bn-´p≈ {io]-fl-\m` kzman t£{X \ne-h-d-

I-fnse a-lm-\n-[n-sb-°p-dn®v B¿°pw F¥pw ]d-

bm-hp∂ ÿnXn-bm-Wt√m!

- 37 -


F∂m¬ hne-a-Xn-°m-\m-ImØ kwKoX alm-

\n[n Xs∂ ]n≥X-e-ap-dbv°v kΩm-\n® alm-cmP

kzmXn-Xn-cp-\mƒ I¿Wm-SI kwKo-X-Øn¬ Xs∂

Xm\-h¿Æw, ]Z-h¿Æw, kzc-PXn, Io¿Ø-\w, cmK-

am-en-I, ]Zw, Pmh-en, Xn√m\ F∂n-ßs\ F√m

imJ-I-fnepw Xt‚-Xmb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬In-bn-

´p-s≠-¶nepw injy-{]-injy ]c-º-c-I-fpsS A`m-h-

Øn¬ Cu krjvSn-I-fn¬ ]eXpw Ah-bpsS

bYm¿∞ mh-Øn¬ \n∂pw amdnadn-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

kzcm-£cw

kzmXn-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS X\na injy-]-c-º-c-I-

fpsS A`m-h-Øn¬ \jvS-s∏-s´-¶nepw At±-l-

Øns‚ "kzcm-£cw' F∂ {]tbmKw IrXn-I-fpsS

kzc-{]-tbmKhpw kmlnXy `wKnbpw Cg-tN¿∂v

Hcp {]tXyI hiyX \¬Ip-∂p.

km \n[n-]Xn Knco-i........ F∂ kzcm-£-c-

{]-tbmKw {i≤n-®m¬ Cu ka-\z -b-Øns‚

kuμcyw Bkz-Zn-°m-\m-hpw. Cu Io¿Ø-\-Øns‚

kzc-{]-tbmKw kmln-Xy-hp-ambn CgpIn tNcp-∂-

Xns‚ Bkzm-ZyX- H∂pthsd Xs∂-bm-Wv.

km \n [ ] a K cn k F∂ kzc-k-©m-c-

Øn\v tbmPn-®-hn-[-Øn¬ km \n[n-]Xn Knco-i.....

F∂v at\m-l-c-amb kmlnXyw k∂n-th-in-∏n-®n-

cn-°p-∂p.

CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ kzcm-£c {]tbm-K-ßƒ

BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ apØp-kzman Zo£n-Xcpw ]n∂oSv

Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y-\mb tUm. Fw. _me-ap-cfn

IrjvWbpw BWv sNbvXp-tI-ń-´p-≈-Xv.

_me-ap-cfo IrjvW-bpsS ""tXmUn''bnep≈

e£vao-tZ-hnsb kvXpXn-°p∂ am.....am\n-\n......

F∂ IrXn Gsd {]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ kzcm-£c

{]tbm-K-am-Wv.

GXm\pw Nne kzmXn-Ir-Xn-Iƒ ]n∂oSv lcn-

tI-i-s\-√q¿ apØø `mK-h-X¿, ap ncn kp{_-“-

Wy-A-ø¿, siΩm-¶pSn {io\n-hm-k-A-ø¿ XpS-ßnb

{]K-¤¿ Nn -s∏-SpØn ]mSn {]N-cn-∏n-®n- p-≠v.

XymK-cm-P-Ir-Xn-Iƒt]mepw CØ-c-Øn¬

am‰n-a-dn°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. ""kwKo-X-⁄m-\ap `‡n-hn-

\m..'' Io¿Ø\w CØ-c-Øn¬ 1950Ifn-setßm

ho≠pw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

AXn-\p-tijw Fw.-Un. cma-\m-Y\pw ]n∂oSv

Ct∏mƒ Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y\pw B IrXn-I-fpsS

bYm¿∞ `mh-`w-Kn-bn¬ ]mSp-tºmƒ ]e Bkzm-

Z-Icpw CXmWv ]pXnb coXn-sb-∂p-t]mepw [cn-

°p-∂p-≠v.

kzmXn-Xn-cp-\mƒ sXep-¶v, ae-bm-fw, I∂-

U, lnμn F∂o `mj-I-fn¬ At\Iw IrXn-Iƒ

kΩm-\n-®n-´p-≠v. \hcm{Xn aWvU]Øn\v am{X-

ambn 9 kc-kzXn Io¿Ø-\-ßfpw \h-hn-[-`-

‡nsb {]Io¿Øn-°p∂ 9 Io¿Ø-\-ßfpw Gsd

{]i-kvX-am-Wv.

\h-hn[ ‡n-Iƒ kwKo-X-Øn-te°v k∂n-

th-in-∏n-®-t∏mƒ alm-cm-Pmhv ""kJy''-Øn\v BWv

{]mapJyw \¬In-b-Xv.

Akm-am-\y-amb Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØmsS K-

hms\ Bfl-kp-lr-Ømbn I≠p-sIm-≠mWv

At±lw IrXn-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv.

irwKm-c-]-Z-ßƒsIm≠v a\p-jy-a-\- ns\ Xc-

fn-X-am-°p-tºmgpw ""Imcyw-hn\m \ Imc-Ww..'' F∂

XXz-Nn-¥-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb kmln-Xy-`m-hhpw

kzmXn-Xn-cp-\m-fns‚ Xqen-I Xpºn-eqsSbmWv

kwKo -X -Nn -dIv hncn -® -X v . Ch-bn¬ Nne-

AizXn Xncp-\mƒ cma-h¿Ω It®cn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p

- 38 -


Xns‚sb¶nepw bYm¿∞ Nn´-kz-c-ß-fpsS Bte-

J\w sNbvX-h-cn-Iƒ Hcp {]ikvX kwKo-X-⁄-

bpsS Iøn¬ D≠v.

alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ alm-`q-cn-]£w IrXn-I-fp-

sSbpw tcJm-¶nX ]I¿∏p-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-s´-∂n-

cns° Cu A]q¿Δ IrXn-I-fpsS tiJ-cw, Xncp-

hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmP-Ip-Spw-_mwKw F∂ ]cn-K-W-\-bv°-

∏pdw Hcp kwKoX hnZym¿∞n F∂ \ne-bn¬

Ah-cpsS Iøn¬ Ds≠∂v ]d-bp∂ B hne-a-Xn-

°m-\m-ImØ BteJ-\-ßƒ H∂pIm-Wm-s\-

¶nepw A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂ Fs‚ At]£ B

kwKoX hnZpjn \njvI-cpWw \nc-kn®p. Cu kw -

hsØ F∂Xv B[p-\nI kwKoX temIØv \ne-

\n¬°p∂ A\m-tcm -Ky -I -c -amb ]c-kv]-c -

kv]¿≤bv°v Hcp km£y-]-{X-ambn Icp-Xmw.

I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-sØ-t∏mse Xs∂

lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-X-sØbpw {]W-bn® kzmXn-

Xn-cp-\mƒ \nc-h[n ]Z-ßƒ B kwKo-X-im-

Jbv°pw kw`m-h\ sNbvXp. tZh\v tI ]-Xn- C-

{μm.... XpS-ßnb lnμp-ÿm\n IrXn-Iƒ Chbv°v

DØ-tam-Zm-l-c-W-ßfmm-Wv.

lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-X-Ønse ""Xcm\''

{]tbm-K-ßƒ amXr-I-bm°n kzmXn-Xn-cp-\mƒ

At\Iw Xn√m-\-Iƒ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

IptN-tem-]m-Jym\w, APm-an-tfm-]m-Jym\w

XpS-ßnb kwKo-tX-Xc kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Ifpw

kym\-μqc]pc-h¿Æ\w F∂ `‡n-Im-hyhpw

kzmXnXncp-\m-fns‚ kmlnXy kw`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv.

CsXm-s°-bm-sW-¶nepw Cu alm-{]-Xn-`-

bpsS kzXzsØt∏mepw tNmZyw sNøm≥ ss[cyw

ImWn® Fkv. _me-Nμ-dn-s\-t∏m-ep≈ ""alm-{]-

Xn`''Ifpw D≠mbn F∂Xv hn[n-ssh-]-co-Xy-sat∂

]d-tb-≠q.

F∂m¬ Chn-sSbpw Hcp \ntbm-Kw-t]mse

B¿.-]n. cmPm (B¿. {]Xm-]-knw-l-cmP) F∂

Hcp Kth-j-W-Ip -XpIn \yq sse‰v˛Hm¨

kzmXnXncp\mƒ F∂ Xs‚ IrXn-bn-eqsS sshWo-

I-\m-bn-cp∂ Fkv. _me-N-μ¿ Db¿Ønb Hmtcm

ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-ß-fmb Btcm-]-W-ßƒ°pw

B[n-Im-cn-I- ]-T-\-Øn-eq-∂nb adp-]-Sn-Iƒ \nc-Øn.

am{X-a√ CXn-s\√mw ]pdsa kzmXn-kw-KoX

alXzw hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p∂ A{]-Im-in-X-ß-fmb

At\Iw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ khn-kvXcw Db¿Øn-

Im-´p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

injy-{]-injy ]c-º-c-I-fpsS A`m-hhpw

hn[n-ssh-]-cn-Xyhpw Hcp kwKoX N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS

ka-{K-kw- m-h-\-Isf \njv{]- -am-°m≥ {ian-®m-epw,

PK-∂n-b-¥m-hmb B \n¿h-N-\m-XoX tXP- v,

hy‡n-I-fn-eq-sStbm kw`-h-ß-fn-eq-sStbm Hcp

\ntbm-K-cq-]-Øn¬ kwKoX Ncn-{X-Ønse ""LS

Zo]'' ambn amdn-tb-°pam-bn-cp∂ B s]m≥sh´w

h¿≤nX tim`-tbmsS \ap°v ap∂n¬ Ah-X-cn-

∏n®p F∂Xv \ΩpsS alm`m-Kyw.

\h-cm{Xn kwKo-X-a-WvU-]w......

kzmXn-Xn-cp-\m-fn-\p ap≥]p-X-s∂ Iº-cm-am-

bW I¿Øm-hmb Iº¿ thWmSv alm-cm-Pm-hn\p

sIm-SpØ kc-kzXo hn{K-l-am-bn-cp∂p \h-cm{Xn

aWvU-]-Øn\p Imc-W-amb Imcyw.

- 39 -


]fl-\m-`-]pcw sIm´mc-Øn¬ \h-cm{Xn

aWvU-]-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p BZy-Ime kwKoX kZ-

p-Iƒ. Xm≥ FhnsS Bbmepw AhnsS \h-cm{Xn

aWvU]w Hcp°pw F∂m-bn-cp∂p alm-cm-Pmhv

Iº¿°v sImSpØ hm°v. D’h hn{K-l-Øn-\p-]-

Icw Iº¿ ]qPm-ap-dn-bn¬ kq£n-®n-cp∂ aqe

hn{Klw Xs∂sIm≠p-h-∂p. AΩ alm-dm-Wn-bm-

bn-cp∂ tkXp ]m¿ΔXn `mbn-bpsS Imew apX¬

]fl\m- -]pcw sIm´m-c-Ønse \h-cm{Xn aWvU-]-

Øn¬ ap√-aqSp `mK-h-X¿am-cmWv It®cn Ah-X-cn-

∏n-®p-h-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy

]IpXn apX¬ ]fl-\m- -kzman t£{X-Øn\p apºn-

ep≈ kwKoX aWvU-]-Øn¬ {]K-¤-cmb ap ncn

kp{_-“Wy Aø¿, alm-cm-P-]pcw hniz-\mY

Aø¿, Pn.-F≥.-_n., Fw.-Un. B¿. XpS-ßnb {]ap-

J¿ ]s¶-SpØp XpS-ßn. A°m-e-ß-fn¬ {]K-¤-

cmb Cu Kmb-I¿ {][m\ Io¿Ø\w Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p-tºmƒ kwKo-X-⁄¿ IqSn-bmb t{imXm-°ƒ

Io¿Ø-\-Øns‚ GXm\pw `mK-ßƒ ]mSp-am-bn-cp-

∂p. A°m-esØ t{imXm-°fpw t]sc-SpØ kwKo-

X-⁄-cm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ aWvU-]-

Ønse It®-cn-I-fpsS \ne-hmcw hfsc hfsc Db-

c-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. am{X-a√ A°m-esØ kZ- p-Iƒ

ka-b-_-≤-ambncp∂n-√-Xm-\pw.

]n∂oSv Bƒ C¥ym tdUntbm XpS-ßn-

bXn\p Gsd ap≥]v {Smh≥Iq¿ tdmUntbm \ne-

hn¬ h∂-Xn\pti-j-amWv \h-cm{Xn aWvU-]-

Ønse kZ- p-Iƒ X¬k-abw kwt{]-jWw

sNbvXp XpS-ßn-b-Xv. At∏mƒ apX¬ IrXyw 6.00

aWn°v XpS-ßp∂ It®cn IrXyw 8.30\v Xocp-am-

bn-cp-∂p. X’-ab kwt{]-jWw F∂ H‰°m-

cWwsIm≠mWv ka-b-¢n-]vX-X-sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv.

A√msX Cu ka-b-¢n-]vXX°v A\p-jvTm-\-]-ctam

A√m-sXtbm D≈ Hcp Imc-W-hp-an-√.

]n∂oSv CS-bvs°-t∏mtgm X’-ab kwt]-

jWw F∂ coXn- amdn cm{Xn 9.30\v aWvU-]-Ønse

It®-cn-Iƒ kwt{]-jWw sNøp-hm≥ XpS-ßn.

Fs‚ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ Cu coXn-bn¬

kwt{]-jW kabw am‰n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ka-

b-¢n-]vX-X-bpsS A\m-hiy \nb-{¥Ww Bh-iy-

an√ F∂p Xs∂-bm-Wv F¶nepw Ct∏mgpw AXv

Aßs\-Xs∂ XpS-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ aWvU-]-Ønse

Kmb-I-cp -ambn kplr-Z v_‘w ]pe¿Øp∂

Hscfnb Kmb-I-\m-b-Xn-\m¬ kZ- ns‚ Ah-km\

]mZ-Øn¬ ]mSp∂ Io¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Nc-Wtam ]√-

hntbm ]mSp-∂Xv 8.30\v tij-am-sW-¶n¬t]mepw

aWn-b-Sn®v kZ v \n¿Øm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°m-dn-√.

AXv A\p-jvTm\]c-amb Hcpho-gvNbpw hcm-ØXv

BsW∂v Gh¿°pw Adn-bmw.

tdUntbm {]t£-]-W-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sØ-

°p-dn®v F\n°v Nne hyXykvX A`n-{]m-b-ß-fp-

≠v. aWvU-]-Ønse kZ- nse Io¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬

kzmXn-Xn-cp-\mƒ Hmtcm Znh-k-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v

FgpXn Xøm-dm-°nb {][m\ Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ Xs∂-

bmWv h¿jm-h¿jw tdUntbm {]t£-]Ww hgn

t{imXm-°sf tIƒ∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 6

apX¬ 8.30 hsc \h-cm{XnIfn¬ aWvU-]-Øn¬

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ It®-cn-I-fn¬ {ihW a[p-c-ß-

fmb F{Xtbm Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ {][m\ IrXn°p

]pdsa Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-h-cp-∂p. CXn¬ hyXy-kvX-

X-bm¿∂Xpw A]q¿Δ-ß-fp-amb IrXn-Iƒ {]t£-

]Ww sNøp-I-bm -sW-¶n¬ AØcw IrXn -

]fl-\m- -]pcw sIm´mcw

- 40 -


Iƒ°qSn {]Nm-c-Øn-em-Ipw. ]s£ Ime-ß-fmbn

XpS-cp∂ Nne amaq-ep-Iƒ am‰p-∂-Xn¬ BIm-i-

hm-Wn°pw a‰p-]-e¿°pw Hcp ]s£ ssha-\-ky-

ap-≠m-Imw.

FÆ-hn-f-°ns‚ kz¿Æ-tim-`-bn¬ tZhn-

bpsS ap∂n¬ Hcp `‡≥ \S-Øp∂ \mtZm-]m-k-

\-bmbn am{X-amWv \h-cm{Xn aWvU-]-Ønse

kwKoX kZ- p-Isf IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. a‰v sshZypX

Zo]m-e-¶m-c-ßtfm tLmjtam Chn-sS-bn-√.

ssIøSn-tbm, ‘t`jv t`jv’ {]tbm-Ktam C√msX

`‡nbpw {i≤bpw am{Xw a\- n¬ \nd-®mWv

kwKo-X-⁄cpw t{imXm-°fpw aWvU-]-Øn¬,

kwKoX \nan-j-ß-fn¬, kzbw ad-∂n-cn-°p-I.

Fs‚ Ipń-°m-eØv Rm≥ tI´p-Xp-S-ßnb

kwKoX kZ- p-I-sf√mw Xs∂ \h-cm{Xn aWvU-

]-Øn-te-Xm-Wv. B A]q¿Δ kwKoX \nan-j-ß-

fn¬ Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bpsS sN∏n¬ Rm≥ \n[n-

t]mse kq£n®n´p≈ \nan-j-ßƒ Fw.-Un. cma-

\m-Ys‚ It®-cn-I-fm-Wv.

Fw.-Un. Bdns‚ Ccn∏pw i_vZ-Kmw- o-cyhpw

kwKo-X-Ønse AXo-{μn-b- m-hhpw A∂pw C∂pw

Fs‚ a\- n¬ \nd™p \n¬°p-∂p. cmKw,

Xm\w, ]√-hn-bn¬ "Xm\'Øn\v arZwKw hmbn-

°p∂ ]Xnhv \h-cm{Xn aWvU-]-Ønse kZ- p-

I-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.

Hcn°¬ ]me-°mSv aWn Aø¿ a{Zmkv

ayqknIv A°m-Z-an-bn¬ arZwKw hmbn-°p∂ ka-

bØv Hcmkzm-Z-I≥ "Xm\'Øn\v arZwKw hmbn-®p-

tIƒ°m≥ B{Klw {]I-Sn-∏n-®-t∏mƒ "Xncp-h-\-

¥-]pcw \h-cm{Xn aWvU-]-Øn¬ h∂m¬

tIƒ∏n°mw' F∂m-bn-cp∂p alm-\mb arZwK N{I-

h¿Øn-bpsS adp-]-Sn. \h-cm{Xn aWvU-]-hp-ambn

aWn Aø¿°p≈ Bfl _‘-Øns‚ as‰mcp

\nan-jhpw ]d-bmsX hø. aWn Aø-cpsS Pohn-

X-Øn¬ BZy-ambn, {]ikvX hb-en≥ {Xbw F∂v

Adn-b-s∏- n-cp∂ F¬. kp{_-“-Wyw, F¬. i¶¿,

F¬. sshZy-\m-Y≥ F∂n-h-tcm-sSm∏w FUn≥_-

tdm-bn¬ It®-cn°p t]mIm≥ Ah-kcw D≠mbn.

aWvU-]-Ønse It®-cn-bpsS ka-b-am-bn-cp-s∂-

¶nepw \n¿_-‘-Øn\p hgßn aWn Aø¿

FUn≥_-tdm-bn-seØn \h-cm{Xn XpS-ßn-b-

tXmsS aWn Aø-cpsS FUn≥_-tdm-bnse Xma-

k-ÿ-eØp\n∂v Hcp sSe{Kmw FØn; “I amcoming” F∂m-bn-cp∂p D≈-S-°w.

\h-cm{Xn aWvU-]-Ønse 9 kZ- p-I-fn-

sebpw arZwKw Xocp-am-\n-®p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw

hb-en≥ {Xb-tØm-sSm-∏-ap≈ hntZi kwKoX kZ-

p-a-Xn-bm°n ]d-s∂-Ønb ]me-°m´v aWn

Aø¿°pth≠n Hcp Iem-Im-c≥ thZn- H-gn-™p-

sIm-Sp-Øp. F∂m¬ C∂p- t\sc Xncn®pw kw -hn-

°p-∂p-≠v. aWvU-]-Ønse It®-cn°v XobXn

\¬In-b-Xn-\p-tijw AXv Iym≥k¬ sNbvXp

hntZ-iØv ^yqj≥ ayqknIv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥

t]mIp∂ Iem-Im-c≥am-scbpw F\n°v ASp-Ø-dn-

bm≥ Ign-™p.

aWvU-]-Øn¬ Ign™ Ipsd-°m-e-ambn

It®-cn-I-fpsS \ne-hmcw Db¿∂p XpS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v.

AΩ alm-dmWn Bbn-cp∂p BZy-Ime aWvU]

It®-cn-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xn¬ ap≥ssI FSp-Øn-cp-

∂-Xv. hb-en≥ Sn.-F≥. IrjvW≥ aWvU-]-Øn¬

]°w hmbn-°p-tºmƒ 9 hb- p≈ 4˛mw ¢mkp-

Im-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

IpXnc amfnI

- 41 -


AizXn Xncp-\mƒ cma-h¿Ω : Xncp-hn-Xm-w-Iq¿ cmP-Ip-Spw-_mw-Kw, {]ikvX

kwKo-X-⁄≥, \h-cm{Xn aWvU-]w, kzmXn kwKo-tXm-’hw F∂n-h-bpsS

apJy kwLm-S-I≥

alm-dm-Wn-bpsS ImeØv sNssº sshZy-

\mY `mK-h-X¿, NuUø XpS-ßnbhsc√mw Ah-

cpsS Iuamc°me-Øm-bn-cp∂p, Du¿÷-kze-amb

Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ aWvU-]-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-

®n-cp-∂-Xv.

alm-dm-WnbpsS Ime-tijw Cu {]Xn- -Iƒ

HmtcmcpØ-cmbn aä-d™p XpS-ßn-b-tXmsS

]pXnb {]Xn-`-Isf Is≠-Øm≥ Bfn-√m-Xm-bn.

]n∂oSv aWvU-]-Øn¬ kZ v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥

Ign-™Xv AΩ alm-dm-Wn-bpsS ]n≥ap-d-°m¿°v

XmXv]cyw D≈-hcpw As√-¶n¬ Ah¿°p ap∂n¬

sh≈nØ -Øn¬ Xncp-ap¬ImgvN \¬Ip∂hcp-am-

bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ kwKoX kZ- ns‚

\ne-hmcw Xmtg-°p-t]m-bn.

CØ-c-Øn¬ Xncp-ap¬ImgvN \¬In kZ- p-

I-fn¬ CSw-t\-Snbhsc Hgnhm-°m≥ Rm≥ Hcp

Imc-W-°m-c-\mbn. am{X-a√, alm-dm-Wn-bpsS

ImeØv XpS-ßn-h® Iuam-c-°m-cpsS thZn F∂

JymXn hos≠-Sp°p-hm\pw Rm≥ {i≤n-®p.

kRvPbv kp{_-aWyw XpS-ßnb Du¿÷-kz-e-

cmb kwKoX {]Xn-`-Isf aWvU-]-Øn¬ Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-®p. \h-cm{Xn aWvU-]-Ønse Iem-

Im-c-∑m¿°p≈ {]Xn- ew, 1930˛I-fn¬, A∂-sØ-

°m-eØv \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ {]Xn-^-e-ß-fn¬

G‰hpw IqSp-X-em-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ime-Øn-\-\p-

k-cn®v am‰w hcp-Øn-bnń-√. Rm≥ Npa-X-e-°m-c-\mb

1980-˛90 ImeØv 750/˛ Bbn-cp -∂p. ]n∂oSv

AXn-\p-am‰w hcp-Øm≥ {ian-®p. am{X-a√ Iem-Im-c-

∑msc Xnc-s™-Sp -°p∂ coXn -bnepw am‰w

hcp-Øn.

ChnsS kzmXn-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS {]Nm-c-Øn¬

kzbw Xev]-c-cmbhcpw aWvU-]-Øns‚ kv\nKv[-

Xbpw im¥-Xbpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-hcpw Bb Iem-

Im-c-∑msc IqSp-X¬ ]s¶-Sp -∏n -°m≥ BWv

Ct∏mƒ Rßƒ {i≤n-°p-∂-Xv. \h-cm{Xn aWvU-

]-Øn¬ kv{XoI-fpsS i_vZw apg-°nb kwLm-S-

I≥ F∂v Rm≥ Adn-b-s∏-´p. am{X-a√ F≥. ca-

Wn-bpsS ]p√m-¶p-gepw ‰n.-F≥. IrjvWs‚ hb-

en\pw chn-In-c-W-ns‚ tKm´p-hm-Zyhpw aWvU-]-

Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-p. AXn\p-tijw ]md-ime

s]m∂-Ωmƒ aWvU-]-Øn¬ kZ v Ah-X-cn-∏n-

®p. am{X-a√, BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ kv{XoI-fmb

t{imXm-°ƒ aWvU-]-Øn\p ]pdØv BWv Ccp-

∂n-cp-∂-Xv. C∂v B Ah-ÿbv°pw am‰w h∂n-´p-

≠v.

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i\n-bm-gvN-tXm-dp-ap≈ \ma-k-¶o¿Ø-\-Øn¬]s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥ F√m ‡-P-\-ß-tfmSpw A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p.

- 42 -


tUm. {ioh’≥ sP. tat\m≥

It®cn [¿Ωw

h¿Æw apX¬ Xn√m\ hsc-bp≈ kwKo-X-

-I-t®-cn-bpsS LS\ almkwKoX hnZzm-\mb {io.

Acn-b-°pSn cmam-\pP Aø-¶m¿ \ap°v ]I¿∂p

X∂n´v Ct∏mƒ GXm≠v \qdv h¿j-ßƒ Bbn-

cn-°p-∂p. Cu LS-\-tbmSv \oXn ]pe¿Øp-hm≥

I¿Wm-SI kwKo-X-⁄¿°v Ign-™n- p≠v F∂Xv

CXns‚ {]m[m-\yhpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-Xbpw \sΩ

]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. sNdnb Nne ]co-£-W-ß-sfm-gn-

®m¬ It®-cn-I-fn¬ LS-\m-]-c-amb am‰-ß-sfm∂pw

Xs∂ kw`-hn-®n-ń-√. F∂m¬ Cu N´-°q-Sn-\p-

≈n¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v [mcmfw ]co-£-W-ßƒ \S-

Øn-bn-´p-ap-≠v. Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥ bi:ico-c-\mb

{io s\øm-‰n≥Ic hmkp-tZ-h≥ kmdns‚ ]Ÿmhv

]n≥Xp-S¿∂p-sIm-≠p≈ k{º-Zmb LS-\-bmWv

ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. CXv ]d-bp-tºmƒ

hmkp-tZ-h≥ kmdns‚ {][m\ Kpcp-°-∑m-cmb {io.

siΩm-¶pSn {io\n-hmk Aø¿°pw, cma-\mSv

IrjvW\pw ssien-]-camb hyXym-k-ß-fp-≠m-bn-

cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw LS-\m-]-c-amb kmayX D≠v

F∂p-≈Xv {it≤-b-am-Wv. hyXykvX ssien-Iƒ

D≈ Fw. -Un. cma -\m -Y -\pw, a[p -ssc -aWn

Aø¿°pw, Un.-sI. ]´-Ωm-fn-\pw, LS-\m-]-c-amb

sFIyw \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠nse

cmam-\pP Aø-¶m-cpsS ]cn-jvIm-c-Øn\v km[n-®p.

GI-tZiw 3˛4 aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ \o≠p-\n¬°p∂

I¿Wm-SI kwKoX k{º-Zmb It®cn LS-\-bn-

eqsS H∂v ItÆm-Sn-°mw.

It®cn XpS-ßp-∂Xv BZn-Xm-f-Øntem AS-

Xm-f-Øntem D≈ h¿Æ-Øn¬ \n∂m-Wv. CXv

c≠v Ime-Øn¬ ]mSp-∂-XmWv ]Xn-hv. It®-cn-

bpsS taf-s°m-gp-∏n\v XpS°w Ipdn-°p-hm≥ CXv

{][m-\-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-sa-¶nepw h¿Æw IrXy-X-

tbm-sSbpw kq£va-X-tbm-sSbpw ]mtS≠ H∂mWv.

cmK-kz-cq]w apgp-h-\mbn ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂-h-bmWv

h¿Æ-ßƒ. cmK-Øns‚ k©m-cw, {]tbm-K-ßƒ

F∂o hni-Zmw-i-ßsf h¿Æ-ßƒ sIm≠v hy‡-

am-°p∂p. {io. em¬KpSn Pb-cm-a≥, sslZ-c-_mZv

{_tZgvkv F∂o alm-kw-Ko-X-⁄¿ h¿Æ-ßsf

hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-h-cm-

Wv. KW-]Xn kvXpXn-bmWv ASp-Ø-Xv. hnLv\-

- 43 -


ßƒ Hgnhm°n

apt∂m- p≈ {]bmWw

kpK-a-am-°p-hm≥ alm-

K-W-]-Xnsb kvXpXn-

°p-∂Xv \ΩpsS ]mc-

º-cy -Øns‚ Xs∂

`mK-am-W-t√m. \m´,

Kuf, lwk-[z\n

F∂o cmK-ßsf

Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bn- p≈

KtW-i-kvXp -Xn -bm-

sW-¶n¬ It®-cn -

bpsS Bcw-` -Øn\v

Kmwò-cy-ta-dpw. CXn-\p-

tijw kc-kzXn

kvXpXntbm tZho

kvXpXntbm ]mSpI ]Xn-hm-Wv. {iocm-Kw, Im\-

U, ATmW F∂o cmK-ß-fn-ep≈ tZho Io¿Ø-

\-ßƒ Cu ÿm\Øv ]mSp-hm≥ A\p-tbm-Py-am-

Wv. BZysØ cmKm-em-]\w {lkz-ambn Cu tZho-

kvXp-Xn°v apt∂m-Sn-bmbn ]mSm-hp-∂-XmWv KW-

]Xn kvXpXn°pw tZho-kvXp-Xn°pw at\m-[¿Ω-

kzcw km[m-c-W-bmbn kwKo-X-⁄¿ ]mSn-

t°ƒ°m-dp-≠v. XpS¿∂v taf-s°m-gp-∏n-\p-th≠n

{ZpX-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ Hcp sNdnb IrXnbpw Kmwò-cy-

ap≈ Hcp ]Xn™ Ime IrXnbpw ]mSmw. Zo£n-

X¿, iyma-imkv{Xn IrXn-Iƒ Iogv°m-e-Øn¬

]mSp-hm≥ ]‰nb al-XvIo¿Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv. c≠m-

asØ {][m\ cmKm-em-]\w (submain) A©m-a-

\mbn hcn-Ibpw CXns\ XpS¿∂v IrXnbpw at\m-

[¿Ω \nc-hepw kzchpw ]mSmw. k_vsa-bn-\n-

\mbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ cmKw ]n∂o-Sp≈ {][m\

cmKsØ B{i-bn-®n-cn-°pw. {][m\ cmKw ip≤-a-

[y-a-cm-K-ß-fmb (sN-dnb "a') Imwt_m-Pn, i¶-cm-

`-c-Ww, tXmSn, ss`c-hn F∂n-h-sb-¶n¬ k_vsa-

bn≥ {]Xn-a-[ya cmK-ß-fmb (h-enb "a') ]¥p-h-

cm-fn, ]q¿Δn I√ym-Wn, hcmfn F∂o cmK-ß-fn-

ep≈ Io¿Ø\w Xnc-s™-Sp-°mw. F∂m¬

{][m\ cmKw {]Xn-a-[ya cmK-ß-fmb I√ym-Wn,

jäp-J-{]nb F∂n-h-bm-sW-¶n¬ k_vsa-bn≥

B\μ ss`c-hn, coXn-Ku-f, ilm\ F∂o cmK-

ß-fnse IrXn-bm-bn-cn°pw DØ-aw. Aßs\ "a'

F∂ kzcw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-s°m≠v 72 taf

I¿Øm-cm-K-ßsf 36 ip≤-a-[y-a-cm-K-ß-fmbpw 36

{]Xn-a-[y-a-cm-K-ß-fmbpw hn`-Pn-°p-∂-Xv t]mse

It®cn ]≤-Xn-bnepw "a' F∂ a[ya kzcw \n¿Æm-

b-I-amb Hcp ]¶v hln-°p-∂Xv ImWmw. ta¬∏-

d™ cmK-ßƒ DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ am{X-amWv ae-b-

am-cp-Xw, heNn t]mep≈ cmK-ßƒ a[yaw C√m-

Ø-h-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Bem-]-\-tØmSpw kzc-tØm-

Spw-IqSn Ch It®-cn-bn¬ Be-]n-°p-hm≥ A\p-

tbm-Py-am-Wv. {][m\ IrXn°v \nc-h¬ kzcw ]mSn-

I-gn-™m¬ arZw-Kw, LSw, K©n-d, apJ¿iw-Jv

F∂o ]°-taf hnZzm-∑m-cpsS X\n-bm-h¿Ø-\-am-

Wv. hmZy-ß-fpsS hn\n-a-bhpw taf-\hpw k¿§m-

fl-I-X-tbmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI F∂p-≈-XmWv

Ch-cpsS [¿Ωw. {][m-\-IrXn Ign-™m¬ km[m-

c-W-bmbn eLp imk-{Xob Km\-ßƒ Be-]n-

°p-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. F∂m¬ hnZz-’-Z- p-I-fn¬

cmKw, Xm\w, ]√hn (RTP) \n¿∫-‘-ambpw ]mSp-

- 44 -


hm≥ {ian-°-Ww. CXv X\n-bm-h¿Ø\w Ign-™-

bp-S-s\-tbm, Hcp sNdp IrXn°v tijtam ]mSm-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv. B¿.-‰n.-]n.- -bnse ]√-hn-°mbn kzoI-

cn-°p-∂-Xmfw {][m-\-Ir-Xn-bpsS Xmf-hp-ambn

kmay-ap-≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ {i≤n-°-Ww. Xm\w

]mSp-tºmƒ Nne kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ arZwKw AI-º-

Sn-bmbn hmbn-°m-dp-s≠-¶nepw arZw-K-an-√msX ]mSp-

∂-XmWv Z£n-tW-¥y-bnse hg-°w. ]√-hn-°mbn

Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ Bibw kwKo-X-]-c-ambpw

kmln-Xy-]-c-ambpw KWnX imkv{X-]-c-ambpw DØ-

a-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]√hn Htc Ime-Øntem aq∂v

Ime-Øntem (Io-gv°m-ew, ta¬°m-ew, Xn{iw)

]mSm-dmWv ]Xn-hv. A]q¿Δw Nne kwKo-X-⁄¿

NXp-c-{i-Xn{iw F∂ as‰mcp Ime-Øn¬ IqSnbpw

]√hn ]mSm-dp-≠v. Cu ]√-hn-bpsS Ah-km\w

at\m-[¿Ω-kzcw ]mSn, hnhn[ cmK-ß-fn-ep≈ cmK-

am-enI kzc-ßƒ Iqń-bn-W°n ]√-hn-bpsS `wKn

h¿≤n-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp eLw X\n-bm-

h¿Ø\w ]√-hn°v hmbn-°p∂ ]Xnhv Nne-bn-S-

ß-fn-ep-≠v. Nne-t∏mƒ ]√-hn-°p-tijw Xs∂-bm-

bncn°pw {][m\ X\n-bm-h¿Ø-\w. X\n-bm-

h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p-tijw A¿≤-im-kv{Xob kwKoXw

]mSm-hp-∂-XmWv F∂v \Ωƒ t\csØ ]d-™p-

ht√m ChnsS `P≥, ]Zw, Pmhfn F∂o imJ-

bn¬s]´ Km\-ßƒ ]mSm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xncp-∏p-Iƒ,

AjvS-]-Zn, Imh-Sn-®n¥v F∂n-hbpw ]mSp∂

[mcmfw kwKo-X-⁄-cp-≠v. Xn√m-\-bmWv G‰hpw

HSphn-e-tØ-Xv. B\μw ]I-cp∂ {ZpX-K-Xn-bn-ep≈

Xn√m-\-Iƒ°v Hcp {]tXyI hiy-i-‡n-bp-≠v. a[y-

am-h-Xn-bntem kucm-jv{S-Øntem awKfw ]mSn

It®cn Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p.

hnhn[ hmt§-b-Im-c∑mcpsS hnti-jn®pw

XymK-cm-P-kzm-an, apØp-kzman Zo£n-X¿, iyma-im-

kv{Xn, kzmXn-Xn-cp-\mƒ F∂n-h-cpsS Io¿Ø-\-

ßƒ ]ń-I-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ {i≤n-°-Ww.

]e Xmf-Ønepw ]e cmK-Ønepw hnhn-[-Xcw mh-

ßƒ krjvSn-°p-hm≥ DX-Ipw hn[-ap≈ IrXn-Iƒ

thWw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-hm≥. Nne kwKo-X-⁄¿

Ipd®v IrXn-Iƒ am{Xta ]mSp-I-bp-≈q, F∂m¬

a‰p Nne¿ IqSp-X¬ IrXn-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øpw. Nne¿

cmKw {lkz-ambn Be-]n-°pw, a‰p Nne-cpsS cmKm-

em-]\w ssZ¿Ly-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Nne¿ kzcw

]mSp-∂-Xn¬ Xev]-c-cm-Wv, a‰p Nne¿ cmKw, Xm\w,

]√-hn°v IqSp-X¬ {]m[m\yw sImSp-°p-∂p.

Cßs\ It®-cn-bpsS LS-\m-]-c-amb N´-°q-ń¬

\n∂p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ D≈nse kuμ-cy-t_m-[sØ

IrXn-bmbpw cmK-ambpw kzc-ambpw kwKo-X-⁄≥

/ kwKo-X⁄ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu kuμcy

k¶¬∏-Øns‚ hyXymk-ß-fmWv hmkvX-h-Øn¬

Hcp kwKo-X-⁄s\ as‰mcp kwKo-X-⁄-\n¬

\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\m-°p-∂-Xv. hn{im-¥n, `‡n,

cmKm-em-]\w F∂n-h-tbm-Sp≈ Iqdv Hcp kwKo-X-

⁄-s‚bpw / kwKo-XPvRbp-sStbm ssieo-]-c-

amb t{ijvT-Xbv°v Imc-W-ß-fmbn hn-°p-∂p.Hcp

]t£ hnhn-[-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Km\-t{iWnIsf

Hcpan-∏n-°p-hm≥ It®cn LS-\-bv°v Ign-bp-∂-Xp-

sIm-≠mImw hnhn[ Bkzm-Z-\-X-e-Øn-ep≈ Bfp-

Iƒ I¿Wm-SI kwKo-X-Øn-te°v BIr-jvS-cm-Ip-

∂-Xv. Hmtcm Bkzm-Z-I\pw Ah-\-h-\p-th≠ ckw

\pI-cp-hm\pw Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-hm\pw Ign-bp-∂p.

I¿Wm-SI kwKo-X-Øns‚ C∂sØ hf¿® LS-

\m-]-c-amb am‰-Øns‚ CS-s]-S¬ sIm≠v kw`-

hn-®-Xm-sW∂v \n w-ibw ]d-bmw.

tUm. {ioh’≥ sP. tat\m≥ : aÆpØn tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-

bnse Atkm-kn-tb‰v s{]m^k¿. {]ikvX kwKo-X-⁄≥.

- 45 -


-tUm. B¿. {ioteJ

\h-hn[ `‡n-bpw, kwKo-Xhpw

]pcm-X\Imew ap-X¬°v Xs∂ `‡n-bpw,

kwKo-Xhpw XΩn¬ At`-Zy-amb _‘-am-Wp-≈-

Xv. kwKo-X-Øns‚ Dev]Øn F∂m-bn-cp-s∂-t∂m,

Ft∏m-gm-bn-cp-s∂t∂m ]d-bm≥ B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn

Ign -bn -s√-¶nepw AXns‚ {]mtbm-Kn -Ihpw,

imkv{Xobhpam-bn-´p≈ hf¿® thZ-Imew apX-

ev°m-sW∂v {]mNo-\-{K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ \ap°v a\- n-em-°mw. BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬

`K-hXv tkhbv°v th≠n am{Xm-Wv kwKo-XsØ

D]-tbm-Kn -®n -cp -∂-Xv .

thZ-ß-fnse at{¥m-®m-

c-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv

k ] v X - k z - c - ß ƒ

Hs∂m∂mbn \nP-s∏-Sp-

Ø-s∏-´-Xv. BZy-amZyw

tIhew Hcp kzc-Øn¬

\o≠p-\n-∂n-cp∂ thZ-a-

t{¥m-®m-cWw aSp-∏mbn

tXm∂nb BZn-ssh-Zn-

I¿ {ItaW a{¥-ßƒ

D® -ÿm -b n - b n - e p w ,

Iogvÿm-bn-bnepw D®-cn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. A{]-

Imcw D®-ÿm-bn-bn¬ DZm-Øhpw (cn), Iogvÿm-

bn-bn¬ A\p-Zm-Øhpw (\n), Cu c≠p ÿmbn-

Iƒ°p-an-S-bn¬ a≤y-ÿm-bn-bn¬ kzcnXw (k)

F∂ kzchpw D¤-hn-®p. kzc-{Xbw am{Xw

Dƒs°m-≠n-cp∂ at{¥m-®m-cWw ]ns∂bpw

hf¿∂v kzc-]-©-I-ambpw (K-cn-k-\n-[), ]n∂oSv

kma-k-]vX-I-ambpw (a-K-cn-k-\n-[-]) ]n∂oSv iXm-

_vZ-ß-tfmfw \o≠p-\n∂ Kth-j-W-ß-fn-eqsS

k]vX-kz-c-ß-fmbpw hnI-kn-®p. kwKo-XsØ

ssZhn-I-am-bn- p≈ Imcy-ßƒ°mWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-

cp-∂-sX∂v {KŸ-ß-fn-eq-sS-bpw, t£{X-ß-fnse

Nph-sc-gp-Øp-I-fn¬ IqSnbpw a‰pw \ap°v a\- n-

em-°mw. Aßns\ sslμh kwkv°m-c-Øn¬

`‡n-bv°pw, kwKo-X-Øn\pw Xpey-{]m-[m-\y-am-Wp-

≈-Xv. Cuizc km£m-Xv°m-c-Øn-\p≈ Ffp-∏-

am¿§w kwKo-X-am-sW∂v ]g-a-°m¿ hniz-kn-®n-cp-

∂p. "kwKo-X-⁄m-\w' XpS-ßnb IrXn-I-fn-eqsS

\ΩpsS kwKo-Xm-Nm-cy-∑mcpw Cu hnizm-ksØ

icnhbv°p-∂p. \mcZ¿, Xpw_p-cp XpS-ßnb

tZh¿jn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS a[p-c-amb kwKo-X-Øn¬

IqSn-bmWv CjvS-tZ-h-∑msc {]km-Zn-∏n-®n-cp-∂Xv

F∂v ]pcm-W-ßƒ ]d-

bp∂p. Cßns\ t\m°p-

tºmƒ kwKo-X-Øns‚

ASn-ÿm\ `mhw `‡n

Xs∂-bm-sW∂v Dd-∏n®v

]d-bmw. \n¿hym-P-amb

`‡nbn¬ \n∂p -amWv

ip≤ kwKoXw Bhn¿ -hn-

®n -´p -≈-Xv . Pb-tZ -h¿,

A∂-am-Nm-cy, {Xnaq¿Øn-

Iƒ XpS-ßnb \ΩpsS

kwKo -Xm -Nm -cy -∑m -cpsS IrXn -I -sf√mw

Xs∂ \nd™ `‡n-bn¬ \n∂pw D≠m-bn-´p-≈-

Xm-Wv.

`‡n F∂m-se-¥mWv? Pv (kvt\-lw), ‡n

(tk-h-\w) F∂o c≠v hm°p-Iƒ tN¿∂mWv

`‡n. AXm-bXv kvt\l-]q¿Δ-amb As√-¶n¬

t{]a-]q¿Δ-amb tkh-\tam As√-¶n¬ K-hm-t\m-

Sp≈ \njv°-f-¶-amb A¿∏-Wtam BWv `‡n.

\h-hn[ `‡n F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ {ih-Ww,

Io¿Ø-\w, kvac-Ww, ]mZ-tk-h-\w, A¿®-\w, hμ-

\w, Zmkyw, kJyw, Bfl-\n-th-Z\w F∂n-ßs\

`‡n°v H≥]Xv mh-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. hnhn[ mjm-

- 46 -


]m-WvUn-Xy-hpw, cN-\m-ssh-`-hhpw D≈ kzmXn-

Xn-cp-a-\ v \h-cm{Xn Io¿Ø-\w, \h-c-Xv\-am-en-

I, h¿Æw, ]Zw, Xn√m-\, D]m-Jym-\w, P≥, {]_-

‘w, kvtXm{X-Imhyw F∂n-ßs\ \h-hn-[-Øn-

ep≈ cN-\-Iƒ \n¿Δ-ln-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. \h-hn[

`‡n hnhcn-°p∂ `‡n aRvPcn `‡-∑m-cpsS

hnin-jvSm-`-c-W-am-Wv. Xncp-a-\- ns‚ \h-cXv\

amenIm Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ AYhm \h-hn[ `‡n

Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ H≥]Xv ‡n am¿§-ß-sfbpw hy‡-

am-°p-∂p.

{ihWw Io¿Ø\w hnjvtWm: kvacWw ]mZ-tk-

h-\w,

A¿®\w hμ\w Zmkyw kJy-am-fl-\n-th-Z\w

({io-aZv `mK-hXw kvXcw 7,5,23)

Io¿Ø\w ˛ cmKw ˛ Xmfw ˛ am¿§w

1. `h-Zob IYm-`n-\h kp[ ˛ ss`chn ˛ sNºS

˛ {ihWw

2. Xmh-a-Xm-am\n ˛ tIZm-csKuf ˛ ’º ˛

Io¿Ø\w

3. kX-Xwkw kvacm-Wol ˛ \oemw-_cn ˛

AS¥ ˛ kvacWw

4. ]¶-Pm-£-Xh ˛ tXmSn ˛ cq]Iw ˛ ]mZ-tk-

h\w

5. Bcm-[-bman ˛ _e-lcn ˛ AS ˛ A¿®\w

6. htμ-tZ-h-tZh ˛ t_KU ˛ ’º ˛ hμ\w

7. ]c-a-]p-cpj ˛ B\cn ˛ AS¥ ˛ Zmkyw

8. `h-Xn-hn-izmtkm ˛ apJmcn ˛ AS¥ ˛ kJyw

9. tZh-tZh Iebman ˛ \mY-\m-a-{Inb ˛ cq]Iw

˛ Bfl-\n-th-Z\w

{ioa-Zv `mK-h-X-Ønse taep-≤-cn® t«mI-

Øn¬ {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p≈ H≥]Xv `‡n am¿§-

ßsf bYm-{Iaw Ah-e-ºn®v kzmXn-Xn-cp-a-\- n-

\m¬ cNn-bv°-s∏´ Io¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv ta¬∏-d-™n-

cn-°p-∂-Xv.

kwKo -X -⁄m\w h¿≤n -∏n -°p -∂-Xn¬

tIƒhn-⁄m-\-Øn\v hen-sbmcp ]¶p-≠v. AXp-

t]mse `K-hXv Io¿Ø-\-ß-fpw, a{¥-ßfpw ]mSp-

∂-Xp-t]m-setbm Dcp-hn-Sp-∂-t]m-se-tbm D≈ e-

amWv Ah {ihn-®mepw D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. A{]-Imcw

{ihW am¿§-Øn-eqsS K-h-Xv]m-Z-ß-fn-se-Øp-∂-

Xm-Wv {ih-Ww.

{Xnaq¿Øn-Iƒ, A∂-am-Nm-cy, Pb-tZ-h¿,

\mcm-b-W-Xo¿∞¿, Acp-Wm-Ne Ihn-cm-b¿, `{Zm-

New cma -Zm -kv , ]pcμ-c -Zm -k¿, `‡-ao -c ,

I_o¿Zmkv XpSßn \ΩpsS kwKo-Xm-Nm-cy-∑m¿,

tam£w AS-™Xv `K-hXv Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ Be-

]n-®n-´m-Wv. `‡-{]-lvfm-`≥ \mcm-bW a{¥w Dcp-

hn-´mWv tam£sØ {]m]n-®-Xv. Cuiz-cs\

{]Io¿Øn®v IrXn-Iƒ Be-]n-bv°p∂ am¿§-amWv

Io¿Ø-\w.

a\- n¬ \nd™ A‘-Im-csØ Zqco-I-cn-

bv°p-∂-Xn-\mbn F√m-bvt∏mgpw `K-h-Xv]m-Z-sØ,

F√m-amb ]c-{_-“sØ kvacn-°p∂ ‡n-am¿§w

kvac-Ww.

`K-hXv]mZ-ßsf `‡n-]q¿Δw tkhn-bv°p-

∂Xv ]mZ-tk-h\w, kwKo-Xw-sIm-≠pw, ]pjv]w-

sIm≠pw `K-hms\ A¿®\ sNbvXv ]qPn-bv°p-

∂Xv A¿®-\w. F√m-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ ]qPm-hn-[m-\-

ß-tfmSpw, at\m-hmIvI¿Ω-ß-tfmSpw IqSn `K-

hms\ hμn-bv°p∂Xv hμ-\w. K-hms\ F√m-ambn

IcpXn ASn-a-bmbn tkhn-bv°p-∂Xv Zmkyw. l\p-

am≥ kzman°v {io-cm-a-kzm-an-tbm-Sp≈ ‡n Zmky-

`-‡n-bv°p-Zml-c-W-am-Wv. `K-hms\ kvt\ln-X-

\mbn I≠p≈ `‡n-bmWv kJyw. A¿÷p-\\v

{ioIrjvW `K-hm-t\m-Sp≈ `‡n kJy-Øn-\p-Zm-

l-c-W-am-Wv. F√mw Ahn-SpsØ Xr∏m-Z-Øn¬

A¿∏n®psIm-≠p≈ ka¿∏-W-amWv Bfl-\n-th-

Z-\w.

\h-hn[ `‡n-bn°v ]pdsa ]c-am-flm-hns\

\mb-I-\m-bpw, Pohm-flm-hns\ \mbn-I-bmbpw

k¶¬∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ a[p-c-`-‡nbv°v kwKoX

IrXn-I-fn¬ {][m-\-am-sbmcp ÿm\-ap-≠v. 13-˛mw

- 47 -


iX-I-Øn¬ KoXm-tKm-hn-μ-sa∂ Pb-tZ-h-cpsS

irwKm-c- ‡n \mSy-Im-hy-Øns‚ hc-thm-sS-bmWv

Cßn-s\mcp `‡n kzm[o\w \ΩpsS kwKoX

IrXn-I-fn-ep-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. tIcf kwKo-X-Øn\v

X\Xv hy‡nXzw D≠m-°nb KoXm-tKm-hn-μsØ

XpS¿∂v \mcm-b-W-Xo¿∞-cpsS {ioIrjvW eoe

Xcw-Kn-Wn, t£{X-⁄-]-Z-ßƒ, kzmXn ]Z-ßƒ,

A∂-am-Nm-cy-cpsS sh¶n-tSi IrXn-Iƒ Ch-bn-

se√mw Xs∂ a[p-c-`‡n hnj-b-am-bn.

C{]-Imcw Xmfm-fl-I-am-bn, kwKo-Xm-flm-I-

ambn a{¥-ß-fp-®-cn-°p-∂Xv XpSßn Znhy-\m-a-

Io¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS hf¿∂v C∂sØ IrXn-I-fn-

seØn \n¬°p∂ `mc-Xob kwKo-X-Øns‚

Hmtcm L´hpw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ `‡n-bpw, kwKo-

Xhpw F{X-am{Xw _‘-s∏-´p-In-S-°p∂p F∂v

\ap°v a\- n-em-°mw. `mc-X-Øn¬ a‰p kwKo-X-

im-J-Isf At]-£n®v [mcmfw `‡n-Io¿Ø-\-

ßƒ D≠mbXns‚ Imc-Whpw CXv Xs∂-bm-Wv.

tUm. B¿. {ioteJ : Ic-a\ F≥. F v. F v tImtf-Pnse kwKoX hn`mKw

Atkm- n-tb‰v s{]m^-k¿. {]ikvX ]n∂Wn Kmb-I-\m-bn-cp∂ Iap-Id

]pcp-tjm-Ø-as‚ aIƒ.

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MvfãeBxòªaleJgcgú vfJcen, bfäTgbãxh¥x Sÿfbvëègbez Y©pv~ägsë

mueãmukjC~W ùhlrìfòªgskeúgÿg.

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lecjXkgä~j aìùl hgvjgíejCùhbqèv~äfw mqbªeÎve mukjfTgk

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kzman icWw

Du´p-]pc F∂ kz]v\ km£m-XvIm-c-Øn-\mbn kan-Xn-tbmSvk¿Δm-fl\m kl-I-cn® F√m ‡ P\-ß-tfm-Sp-ap≈ IrX-⁄X

Aø∏ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂p.

- 48 -


APnXv \ºq-Xncn

t£{X-kw-KoXw ˛ HcmapJw

"imkv{Xob kwKoXw' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂

"`mc-Xo-b -k-\m-X-\-kw-KoXw' (Indian ClassicalMusic) \q‰m -≠p -I -fpsS X]-kybpw km[-

\bpwsIm≠mWv C∂p \mw tI -\p- -hn-°p∂ coXn-

bn-ep≈ A\p- -h-X-e-ß-fn-se-Øn-t®¿∂-Xv. Bbn-

c-°-W°v ka¿∏nX P∑-ß-fpsS \nc-¥-c-amb

D]m-k-\-bn-eq-sS-bmWv `mc-Xob kwKo-X-Ønse

C∂p tIƒ°p∂ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ cq]-s∏-ń-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. temI-Ønse a‰p kwKo-X-ssi-en-bn¬

\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn AXn-kq-£va-amb \mZ-_n-

μp-°-fpsS bp‡-amb kwtbm-K-amWv `mc-Xob

kwKo-XsØ C{X-b-[nIw Kuc-h-X-c-am-°p-∂Xpw

[ym\-]q¿W-am-°p-∂-Xpw. A\n¿Δ-N-\o-b-amb Xe-

ß-fn-te°v a\- ns\ \bn-°m\pw Bfl-\n¿hrXn

]I-cm\pw `mc-Xob kwKo-X-Øn\p Ign-bp-∂p.

"`‡n' F∂ am\-kn-I-`mhw As√-¶n¬

Bflo-b- mhw B[m-c-am-°n-bmWv mc-Xob k\m-

X-\-I-e-Iƒ (Indian Classical Arts) F√mw hf¿∂p

h∂n-´p-≈-Xv. `‡n-bn¬ ebn®v Xmt\-]m-Sn-bXpw

D]-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ hmbn-®-Xp-amb kwKo-Xm-fl-I-k-

c-Wn-I-sf√mw ]n¬°m-eØv "imkv{Xo-b-kw-KoXw'

F∂ alm-km-K-c-Øn¬ ebn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

`‡n-bpsS Btμm-f -\-ßfpw Bghpw

au\hpw P∑-kp-Ir-Xam-bn-Øs∂ GsXm-cm-fn-ep-

ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. kz¥w Krl-Øn¬Øs∂ Aß-

s\-sbm-c-¥-co£w krjvSn-°m\pw AXn¬ ebn-

°m\pw Hcmƒ°p Ign-bp-sa-¶nepw ‡n-bpsS ]mc-

ay-X-e-ß-fn-te°p k©-cn-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿

t£{Xm-¥-co-£-sØ-bmWv AXn-\p-th≠n B{i-

bn-°p-∂-Xv. Bbn-c-°-W-°n\p h¿j-ß-fmbn mc-

Xo-b-cpsS A`b tI{μ-ß-fm-bn-cp∂ t£{Xm-¥-

co-£-Øn-emWv k\m-X-\-I-e-Iƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-

Ibpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Bkz-Zn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp-h-∂-Xv. Krl-ß-fn¬ \n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn

t£{Xm-¥-co-£-Øn¬ hfsc s]s´-∂p-Xs∂ a\-

n\v ‡n-bpsS Ahm-Ny-amb A\p- qXn ]I¿∂p-

In-´p-∂p. {]mNo-\-amb k\m-X-\-I-e-I-fnepw IY-

I-fnepw \nd™p \n¬°p-∂Xpw `‡n Xs∂-bm-

W-t√m.

t£{X-kw-KoXw

t£{X-ß-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ As√-

¶n¬ t£{Xm-\p-_-‘n-bmb kwKoXw F∂p

Xs∂-bmWv "t£{X-kw-KoXw' F∂ hm°p-

sIm≠v Dt±-in-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. DØ-tc-¥y-bnse

{[p]-Zv, Io¿Ø≥, AZw-Kv, lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-X-

Ønse a‰p ]e-Xcw hn`m-K-ßƒ, Z£n-W-`m-c-X-

Ønse I¿Wm-SI kwKo-Xw, tkm]m\ kwKo-

Xw, hmZy-hn-ti-j-ßƒ XpSßn "imkv{Xo-b-kw-

KoXw' F∂p hnfn-°m-hp∂ an° cq]-ßfpw

"t£{X-kw--KoX'Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ s]Sp-∂p.

Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ, ]Z-ßƒ, {]_-‘-ßƒ

Cßs\ Cuiz-cs\ kvXpXn-°p∂ kmlnXy`mK-

ßƒ hcp∂ Km\m-flI cN-\-Iƒ hmbv]m´p cq]-

Ønepw Km\-hm-Zy-ß-fn-ep-ambpw Xmf-hm-Zy-ta-f-ß-

tfmSp tN¿∂pw Xmf-ta-f-ßƒ am{X-ambpw Hmtcm

kμ¿`-Øn-\-\p-tbm-Py-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂Xv.

t£{Xm-¥-co-£-ß-fn¬ ‡n-]p-c- cw F∂ \ne-

bn-em-Wv˛]n¬°m-eØv AXp hnt\m-Z-Øn\pw

B\-μ-Øn\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw.

\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºp-Xs∂ kp_-≤-amb

Hcp imkv{Xob kwKoX coXn tIc-f-Ønse

t£{X-ß-fn¬ \ne-\n -∂n -cp -∂p. I¿Wm-SI

kwKoXw cmK-Xm -f -a -b -amb Hcp _rl-Z v] -

≤Xnbmbn hnImkw {]m]n-®p-I-gn-s™-¶nepw

Z£n-W-`m-c-X-Ønse tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]g-

- 49 -


b-Ime kwKo-X-Øns‚ _m°n-]-{X-Øn¬ cmK-

ß-sf-°mfpw Xmf-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. Km\-hm-Zy-ß-sf-

°mfpw tIc-fob t£{X-kw-Ko-X-Øn-ep-≈-Xv Xmf-

hm-Zy-ß-fm-Wv. H´pan° cmK-ß-sfbpw I¿Wm-SI

kwKo-X-Øn\v IqsS \n¿Øm≥ Ign-s™-¶nepw

Ime-Øns‚ IpsØm-gp-°n¬ tIcfw Xmf-Øn\v

IqSp-X¬ {]m[m\yw hcp∂ hmZy-ta-f-Øn\v

{]m[m\yw \¬In.

tkm]m\ kwKoXw t]mse-bp≈ Xmc-X-

tay\ imkv{Xo-b-ip-≤-X-bp≈ Bem-]\ coXn-

Ifpw IY-Ifn kwKo-Xhpw Hcf-hn¬°-hn™v cmK-

Xm-f-a-b-amWv F¶n¬t∏mepw Xmf-hm-Zy-ta-f-

ßƒ°v tIc-fob t£{X kwKo-X-Øn¬ apJy-

ÿm-\-ap-≠v. C{X-b-[nIw Xmf-hm-Zy-ß-fp≈

as‰mcp tZiw temI-Øn¬ Xs∂ thsd-bn-√.

kwKo-Xw, Music, t£{X-kw-KoXw

]e-t∏mgpw "kwKoXw' F∂ ]Z-Øn\p

Xpey-ambn \mw "Music' F∂ Cw•ojv ]Zw D]-

tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. "kwKoXw' F∂ ]ZØn\p Xpey-

a√ "Music' F∂ ]Zw. Cw•o-jn¬ "Music' F∂

]Z-Øn\p Iogn¬ ]m´pw hmZy-ta-fhpw F√mw hcp-

∂p. ]s£ A¿∞-hym]vXn t\m°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

"kwKoXw' F∂Xv kay-°mb "KoXw' BWv.

AXm-bXv F√mw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ As√-¶n¬

]q¿W-amb KoXw/]m´v BWv. ]mń¬ hmZy-tafw

tN¿∂p-h-cm-sa-¶nepw ]m´p-I-e-cmØ hmZy-ta-fsØ

"kwKoXw' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ hym]vXn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-

Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bn-√. ]s£ ]m´pw Xmf-ta-f-hp-sa√mw

tN¿ØmWv \mw C∂v "kwKoXw' F∂ ]ZsØ

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu coXn km¿Δ-{Xn-I-am-bn-cn-

°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Chn-sSbpw "t£{X-kw-KoXw' F∂v

ka-{K-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°mw.

C{Xbpw ]d-™Xv tIc-fob t£{X-kw-Ko-

X-Øns‚ Hcp khn-ti-jX Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m-

\mWv. KoX-hn-`m-Khpw Xmf-hn-`m-Khpw Hcp Xriq¿

]qc-Øn-se-∂-t]mse IpS-am‰w \S-Øp∂ AXy-

]q¿Δ-amb Hc\p-`hw tIc-fob t£{X-kw-Ko-X-

Øn¬ am{X-ta-bp-≈q. tkm]m-\-kw-Ko-Xw, IY-Ifn

kwKoXw F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ hmbv]m´p coXn-Iƒ

Ds≠-¶nepw Xmf-hm-Zy-ß-fn-ep-W-cp∂ taf-s∏-cp-

°-ßƒ tIc-fob kwKo-X-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb

khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. temI-Øn¬ sh®p-Xs∂

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Xmf-hm-Zy-ß-fp≈ tZi-amWv

tIcfw. F∂p-am-{X-a√ temI-Ønse G‰hpw al-

Ømb "Xmf-Øns‚ knw^Wn' \S-°p-∂Xv

Xriq¿ ]qc-Øn-em-Wv. t£{X-kw-Ko-X-Øns‚ Hcp

_rl-Zvim-J-bmWv Xriq¿ ]qc-Øns‚ \mfp-I-fn¬

\ΩpsS \mSns‚ bi-t -‰p-∂-Xv.

`mc-X-Ønse t£{X-kw-Ko-X-hm-Zy-ß-fpsS

IW-s°-Sp -°p -I -bm -sW-¶n¬ tIc-f -Øn\p

Xs∂bmbn-cn°pw H∂mw ÿm\w. A{Xbv°pw

{]m[m-\y-ap-≠v tIc-fob t£{X-kw-Ko-X-Øn-\v.

`mc-Xob k\m-X\ kwKo-X-Ønse apJy-[m-

c-I-fmb I¿Wm-SI kwKo-X-Øn\pw {[p]-Zv, lnμp-

ÿm\n kwKoXw XpS-ßnb DØ-c- m-c-Xob kwKo-

X-ssi-en-Iƒ°pw D]-cn-bmbn t£{X-kw-Ko-X-

Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcm-hp∂ hninjvS kwKo-X-

ssi-en-I-sf-°p-dn®pw hmZy-hn-ti-j-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-

ap≈ ]T-\-ßƒ AXoh {]m[m-\y-tØmsS \S-

t°≠Xp≠v. {]tXy-In®pw CØcw kwKo-X-ssi-

en-Isf ip≤-ambpw ka¿∏-W-tØm-sSbpw D]m-

kn-°p-∂-h¿ Ipd-™p-h-cp∂ C°m-eØv t£{X-

kw-Ko-X-Øns‚ ]T-\-Øn-\p-th≠n IqSp-X¬ {]b-

- 50 -


Xv\hpw {i≤bpw IcpXepw Bh-iy-ap-≠v. t£{X

kwKo -X -Øn\v `mc -Xo -b¿ \¬Ip -∂-Xp -

t]msebp≈ {]m[m\yw temI-Øn¬ as‰m-cn-S-Øp-

an-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Cu cwKØp \S-t°-

≠p∂ Bte-J-\-ß-fp-sSbpw Kth-j-W-ß-fp-

sSbpw {]m[m\yw AXo-h-Kp-cp-X-c-am-bn-Øs∂

ImtW-≠-Xm-Wv. Hcp NS-ßp-t]mse \S-Øp∂

APnXv \ºq-Xncn : {]ikvX kwKo-X-⁄≥, AarX Snhn Ah-Xm-c-I≥

Kth-jW Bte-J-\-ß-fn-ep-]cn ka¿∞-ambpw

Kuc-h-X-c-ambpw Bflm¿∞-ambpw Ch sNøm≥

k∂-≤-ambn k¿°m-cn-X-c-I-em-t]m-j-I-˛-kw-c-

£I kwL-S-\-Iƒ cwKØp htc-≠-Xp-≠v. \ΩpsS

Ie-Isf kwc-£n-°m\pw ]n≥X-e-ap-d-bv°p-th≠n

AXns‚ e£-W-ßƒ IcpXn sh°m\pw \ap°p

_m[y-X-bp-≠v.

hmZy-I-e-I-sf-t∏mse Xs∂ hmZy-I-em-Im-c-∑m-scbpw kvt\ln-®v, AIm-e-Øn¬

\sΩ hn´p-]n-cn™ Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø-∏- tkhm kan-Xn-bpsS ap≥ sk{I- -dn-- hn\-

bs‚ kvac-W-°mbn Cu h¿jw apX¬ Hcp Io¿Øn-ap{Z A¿l-X-s∏´ Hcp hmZy-I-em-

Im-c\v \¬Ip-hm≥ kan-Xnbpw, kplr-Øp-°fpw tN¿∂v Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. hmZy-

I-em-Im-c-∑msc kmam\ya\p-jy-cmbn I≠v Ah-cpsS ZpxJ-\-jvS-ßsf kz¥w ZpxJ\jvS-

ß-fmbn Icp-Xn-t∏m∂ hn\-b≥ Hcp Iem-kzm-Z-I-s\∂Xn-ep-]cn Hcp XnI™ Iem-Im-

c-kvt\-ln-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. GsXmcp hmZy-I-em-Im-cs‚ ap∂nepw At±-l-Øns‚ Krl-hm-

Xn¬ Xpd∂p InS-∂n-cp-∂p. hn\-bs‚ Hm¿Ω-Ifpw Nn¥-Ifpw kanXn {]h¿Ø-I¿°v

F°m-eØpw henb {]tNm-Z\w Xs∂-bm-Wv. hn\-bs‚ kvacW \Ω-fn¬ Gh-cnepw

\ne-\n¬°-Ø°hÆw G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb ""hn\-b≥ kvamcI Io¿Øn-ap{Z''bv°v Cu

h¿jw A¿l-\m-bXv {]i-kvX Ce-Ømf hnZzm≥ {io. shfn-b-Øp-\mSv X¶pam-cmcmWv.

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc t£{X-Øn¬ h¿j-ß-tfmfw D’-h-ta-f-Øn¬ Ce-Ømf {]amWn Bbn-

cp∂p {io. X¶p-am-cm¿. At±-l-Øn\pw At±-l-Øns‚ IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ°pw k¿Δ-

B-bp-cm-tcmKykuJy-ßfpw \¬In {io ]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i-\pw {io [¿Ω-im-kvXmhpw

A\p-{K-ln-°s´ F∂v Bflm¿∞-ambn {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

XmacwIp-f-ßc Aø-∏-tk-hm-k-anXn

hn\-b≥ kvamcI Io¿Ønap{Zhn\-b≥ kvamcI Io¿Ønap{Zhn\-b≥ kvamcI Io¿Ønap{Zhn\-b≥ kvamcI Io¿Ønap{Zhn\-b≥ kvamcI Io¿Ønap{Z

- 51 -


tUm hn B¿ {]t_m[N{μ≥ \mb¿

kwKoXhpw kmlnXyhpw

`mhkwKoXw

{ioIrjvWt\mSp hnShmßp∂ IptNes‚

sXm≠bnSdns°m≠p≈ hm°pIƒ tIƒ°pI:

Xz¬∏mZw tNcpthmfw A¬t]Xcbmb `‡n

A{]tab X∂otSWw, Ct∏mglw bman tKlw.

(cmKw: kpcpń; tNehrØw B´°Y)

ChnSsØ B A{]tab F∂ hm°v

bi»coc\mb Iemafiew i¶c≥ F{ºm¥ncn

]mSnbncp∂Xnse kwKXn`wKnIƒ cknIP\

ßfpsS a\ n¬ Ct∏mgpw A\pcW\w sNøp∂p-

≠mhpw. kmlnXy]mTØnse G F∂ kzcw

F{ºm¥ncn Fs¥¥p sshNn{Xyßtfm

sSbmbncp∂p AhXcn∏n®pt]m∂sXt∂m!

kμ¿`w `Kh±qXv . {ioIrjvW≥

]mfih¿°pth≠n Zptcym[\t\mS v

aSntbXpan√msX ho≠pw ho≠pw Cc°p∂p:

]mXn cmPyw, AXns√¶n¬ A©p tZiw,

AXpans√¶n¬ A©p hoS v , AXpw

km[yas√¶n¬ Htcsbmcp hoS v ˛˛

F∂nßs\bmbncp∂pht√m Khms‚ At]£.

Hmtcm L´Ønepw H´pw hn´psImSp°msX

Zptcym[\≥ ISpw ]nSnØw XpScp∂p. Cu

cwKsØ kmlnXy]mTw kwKoXØnte°p

]Icptºmƒ IemIpie∑mcmb KmbI¿

Zptcym[\s‚ hmIyßsf√mw Htc cmKØnemWv

AhXcn∏n°mdv. ]mfih¿°p sImSpØnSm (=

sImSp°pIbn√) F∂nSsØ sImSpØnSm

aq∂pXhW Bh¿Øn°pIbpw sNøpw.

Nn”LS\mXeØnep≈ Cu hnh¿Ø\X{¥w

B Zp„IYm]m{Xw a\∏q¿hw ssIs°m≈p∂

A\ßm∏md\bØns‚ kphy‡kqNI

ambn`hn-°p-∂p.

AtX kabw IrjvWs‚ hmIyßfn¬

B´°YmImc≥ cmKam‰sam∂pw kqNn∏n®nń

ASnaecnWXs∂ IrjvW ASnbs\mc

hew_w F∂p XpSßp∂ CcbnΩ≥ XºnbpsS

at\mlcamb apJmco cmKIo¿Ø\w

D≈n¬Øń AhXcn∏n°p∂ KmbI≥ / KmbnI

BZysØ hcnbnse hnhn[kwKXnIfn¬

Hmtcm∂nepw IqSn IS∂pt]mIptºmƒ

AßbpsS Im¬∏qhpIƒ am{XamWv F\n°v

Htc Hcm{ibw, Ahb√msX as‰mcp Xmßn√

F∂nßs\ A¿YØns‚ hnhn[ AScpIƒ

a\ n¬ hnScp∂p. kmlnXy]mTw au\amtbm

Dds°Øs∂tbm hmbn®m¬sØfnbmØ

A¿Y]cºcIfmWnh. CΩń¬ kmlnXyw

am{XwaptJ\ FØnt®cm\mhmØ Bgß

fnte°pw Dbcßfnte°pw kwKoXw \sΩ

Iqńs°m≠pt]mIp∂p. kz¿Wm`cWØn\v

kpK‘hpw D≠mbmesØ ÿnXnbmWv

kmlnXytØmSv HuNnXy]q¿hw kwKoXhpw

CWßnbm¬ D≠mhpI.

Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºn

- 52 -


s√¶nepw KmbI¿ `mhm\ptcm[amwhÆw ]e

cmKßfpw {]tbmKn°m≥ kzmX{¥ysaSp°p∂p.

IrjvWs‚ Zptcym[\{]oW\mflIamb

bmN\bpsS XpS°w Ipdn™nbnemWv.

`qcnhn{Iahmcnt[! _lp˛

kmcam\k! \n∂psS

]mcnens∂mcp aμncw \r]!

]mfih¿°p sImSp°Ww

F∂ `mKamhptºmƒ cmKw kn‘pss`chn

bnte°p amdp∂p. Hcp aμncØnse Hcphn¬

`mhtZymXIamwhn[w GX\pKrloXKmbI\pw

\nch[n kwKXnIƒ Dƒt®¿°pw.

Ip‰m°qcncp´Øv \rØmKcw F∂

clkykt¶XØn¬ aqSn∏pX®pInS°p∂

hethj[mcnbmb òatk\s\ amen\n F∂

at\mtamln\nbmb sskc{‘n F∂p

sX‰n≤cn®v klib\Øns∂mcpßp∂ IoNI≥

X\ns°m∂p XShm≥ Xcw Inńb B IcXew

F¥mWv C{X ]cp]cpØncn°p∂Xv F∂p

]cn{àn°p∂p; NXnbn¬s∏´pt]mtbm Xm≥

F∂‘mfn°p∂p.

]√htImafX\pX√Pw F¥tlm Xh

I√nt\mSpXpeyw! \oXm≥ A√√o amen\o!

(IoNIh[w B´°Y; cmKw: ss`chn)

F∂ `mKsØ \oXm≥ apX¬ IoNIs‚

hnlzeXbmkIew Hmtcm kzcØnepw

Xp≈nØpfpºpwańemWv F{ºm¥ncn

]mSnbncp∂Xv! AtXmsS B A¥co£Ønse

Iqcncpń¬ B Zpc¥\mbI≥ B\mkw

BinckvIw Ba·\mbnt∏mhp∂ {]XoXn

bpfhmbncp∂p.

\falmcmPmhns\ Zab¥nbpsS

\ncp]akuμcymXntcIw h¿Wn®ptIƒ∏n°p∂

lwkw sImń°emin∏n°pwań¬ km Aac[ma

h[qaZ`qa hncmaZ tImafnam F∂nSsØØp

tºmƒ KmbIcpw kzcam[pcn°p tIm´sam∂pw

X´msX {ipXnbpsS ]caImjvTbn¬

FØn\n¬°m≥ Atßb‰w {i≤n°p∂p.

(\fNcnXw 1. Imwt_mPn cmKw)

IrΩoch[Ønse kpZ¿i\Øns‚

`mjWw (am[h Pb iutc! almfl≥!... cmKw:

\m´°pdn™n) ]mTØns‚ A¿Yw

{ihWm\p`hw Xs∂ F∂ k¶¬∏tØmsS

bmWv cNn®n´p≈Xv. ]Zm¿Ym`n\bw t]mbn´v

hmIym¿Ym`n\bwt]mepw Dt±in®nń√mØ

coXnbnemWv AXns‚ kwhn[m\w. Ccp

ssIIfnepw IØp∂ ]¥w ]nSn®v Hmtcm

NcWØns‚bpw HSphn¬ {]tXyIXcw

NphSphbvt∏msS apΩq∂e¿® ˛ A{Xbpta

kpZ¿i\w AcßØp sNtø≠Xp≈q.

am[h! apclc! aIcmIrXn[c! aμtcm≤mcNXpc!

alnXkqIcmhXmc! am\yXc-

tLmc\carK! NmcphSphc!

iqc`rKpkpX! kqc\r]Ipeloc!

Ic[rXkoc! bZphoc! I¬Inkpicoc!

\n≥ XncphSnbpsS \ntbmKaps≠∂mIn¬

Fs¥m∂km[ysa∂m¬!

Nnc¥\! Nn¥n®sX¥n\p amw?

lX! Z\pPIrXm¥! kZba\¥! hZ \cIm¥!

\ckpcIm¥!

Pe[n\nim¥! ap\nIm¥mhμnX]Zm¥!

hcpWmeban∂p acp`qanbm°ph≥;

[cWo[cßsfbpw [\yioe! XI¿ØoSph≥

A[p\m XmhIo\

IcpW bZn abn XcpW Zn\aWnIncW

]cnekZv AcpWkcknP

akrW arZpXc NcW!

\XicW! IukvXp`m`cW!

F∂ kmlnXy]mTw AXn{ZpXImeØn¬

\m´°pdn™ncmKØn¬ AcßØp ]mSp∂Xv

Iemafiew ssienbntem ]≠sØ sX°≥

ssienbntem GXnembmepw alm]cm{IamI

camb kpZ¿i\N{IØns‚ almhnjvWp

hnt[bXbpw kvXpXnbpw F∂ A¿YkmIey

a√msX AXns‚ hnhn[LSIßƒ B ka{Km¿

YØnte°p \¬Ip∂ kw`mh\ HcmkzmZI

- 53 -


s‚bpw D≈n¬sØfnbmdn√, AXns‚ Bhiy

samń√Xm\pw. CØcw kμ¿`ßfn¬

kmlnXyin¬]Øn\v kwKoXw Poh{]XnjvT

\¬Ip∂p F∂pthWw IcpXm≥.

en\nSbv°v \n›nX L´ßfn¬ ZnK¥ßƒ

s]mńsØdn°pamdp tIƒ°mhp∂ IXn\sb

t∂mWat√ CXnse kwbp‡hyRvP\

hn\ymkw?

CtX kabw h\m¥Øn¬ GIm¥Øn¬

Ipbnens‚ ]m´pw ]n®n∏qaWw t]dp∂

sX∂epw a‰pw HØnWßnb Hcp cXneoem\p

Iqekμ¿`Øn¬ ]m©mecmPX\bsb

A\p\bn∏n°m≥ {ian°p∂ òatk\s\

tIm´bØpXºpcm≥ AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv

Hscm‰ hyRvP\ kwbp‡Øns‚ I√pISn

t]mepan√mØ a[pctImafIm¥]ZmheoIen

Xamb Hcp at\mlct«mIw aptJ\bmWv:

Imte IZmNnZY ImanP\m\pIqte

amtebamcpXhntemfnXameXotI

eoemctk\ hnNc≥ hn]nt\ hnt\mZ˛

tememw kaocWkptXm caWow A`mWoXv.

kwKoX˛\rØßfpsS tNhSnIfn¬ kmlnXyw

\SØp∂ k¿hkzka¿∏WmflIamb km„mwK

{]WmaamWv Xn√m\. tasºmSn°p am{Xat√

AXn¬ kmlnXyap≈q?

kmlnXyIrXnIfnse kwKoXw

kwKoXIrXnIfnse kmlnXysØ

°pdn®mWt√m CXphsc \mw BtemNn®Xv.

CXns‚ adp]pdamWv kmlnXyIrXnIfnse

kwKoXw.

Ime≥ Hmtcm PohnbpsSbpw Bbp v F∂

hr£Øns‚ ISbv°¬ kz¥w sh◊gpsIm≠v

CSXShn√msX B™p shńs°m≠ncn°p∂p;

AXns‚ i–w lrZbanSn∏ns‚ cq]Øn¬

Gh¿°pw tIƒ°mw F∂ Na¬°mc`mkpcamb

Bibw almIhn D≈q¿ I¿W`qjWØn¬

BhnjvIcn®ncn°p∂Xv C{]ImcamWv:

ImeØpw D®bv°pw A¥n°pw cmhnepw

Ime≥ X≥ sh◊gp ssIsbSmsX

Bbp¿{Zp aqeØn¬ B™m™p sh´p∂p˛

≠mbXp lrXv kv]μthZyam¿°pw.

tIcfh¿ahenbtImbnØºpc≥ cNn®

l\paZpZv`hw B´°Ybnse tIkcnbpsS

Xnct\m´w AhXcn∏n°p∂ t«mIØns‚

kz\LS\ {i≤n°pI:

Zw{„mL´\ \njvTpcm´lknXmkvt^mS

ÿhnjvTmcssh˛

cp¬kmcymip KcnjvTòXnN]em≥

t\ZnjvTIWvTochm≥

]rjvtT ameyhXkvXzNnjvThnS]n {ZmLnjvT

imJm—Sm˛

_wlnjvtT hnPlmc tkm]n I]nhrμnjvTx

{]YnjvT{inbm.

Xr»q¿ ]qcØns‚ shSns°ń¬ Iq´s∏mcn®n

tIcfh¿ahenbtImbnØºpc≥

- 54 -


BZyhcnbnse Hmtcm aq∂£cØn\pw tijw

tIƒ°mhp∂ ˛Dw F∂ kz\Øn\pth≠{X

Du∂¬ \¬Ins°m≠p≈ AhXcWØn¬

lrZbanSn∏pXs∂ {]Xn[z\n°p∂pthm F∂p

tXm∂nt∏mIpw. IhnXbnse cq]Øn\pw

`mhØn\pw CSbnep≈ ]¿hX{]Xn_‘sØ

D≈q¿k p {_“Wyk z m a n t£{XØnse

tZhXbpsS th¬ Ft∂mWw D≈q¿

almIhnbpsS hmIvi‡n \ncmbmkw Xpf®v

adp]pdsØØp∂p.

Bbncw kpkwkvIrXt«mI]pjv]Øm¬ Kpcp˛

hmbpaμntcis\∏qPn®p hgnt]mse

BbpcmtcmKykuJyw t\Snb Iho{μ\mw

{iobpX\mcmbW`´]mZ¿ F∂nßs\

tIImhrØØns‚ \mephcnIfn¬ FdnbIqdpw

\nd™p\n¬°p∂ D÷zehmMvabwsIm≠v

DØpwK{]`mh\mb ta¬]pØq¿ \mcmbW

`´Xncn∏mSns\ AhXcn∏n®n´v At±lØns‚

ap∂nemWv almIhn h≈tØmƒ ]qt¥\mw ]e

Imhyw IÆ∂p \nthZn® ]q¥m\w, ⁄m\∏m\

]mSnb ]pwktImInew F∂ a[ptcmZmc

hntijWtØmsS emfnXyØns‚ \ndIpSamb

]q¥m\w \ºqXncnsb B\bn°p∂Xv.

Bem]\Øn¬ Hscm‰ izmkwsIm≠pthWw

`´XncnbpsS AhXcWw; ]q¥m\Øn\v Hcp

izmkw t]mepw XnI®pw Bhiyan√Xm\pw!

("`‡nbpw hn`‡nbpw')

"]pØ≥ hnclw A\p`hn®v \nj[

cmPmhns\ Hm¿an®pwsIm≠v Zab¥n

P∑KrlØn¬ ]m¿°ptºmƒ \mń¬s®√p∂Xp

\mWt°sS∂ tXm∂temsS \f≥ ZpxJw thKw

AI∂pt]mhm≥ km„mwKw \akvIcn®v

h\tZhXItfmSv Cc∂pwsIm≠p {]m¿Yn®p.' CXv

IYmJym\mflIamb Hcp t«mIw am{Xw.

tXmSncmKØn¬ AXy¥w ]Xn™ ań¬

Be]n°mdp≈ AXns‚ cN\ Ih\Iema¿a

⁄\mb DÆmbnhmcnb¿ \n¿hln®ncn°p∂Xv

F{]Imcw F∂pt\m°pI:

\h hnclab¥ymw ss\j[w Nn¥b¥ymw

P\n`phn Zab¥ymw PmXXm]w hk¥ymw

hyk\aIsebmhm≥ hoWnc∂mip tZhm≥

\f≥ A`PX Zmhm≥ \mSp ]qhm≥ {X]mhm≥.

(\fNcnXw 3)

F{X thWsa¶nepw \oń∏mSmhp∂ ˛¥ymw

F∂pw ˛B≥ F∂pap≈, kz\hn⁄m\

(Phonetics) Zr„ym \mZw (voice) ap¥n\n¬°p∂,

kz\k©bØns‚ XpSschcp∂ Bh¿Ø\

ØneqsS ISense Hmfw t]mse, \fs‚ Icfnse

AS°m≥ F{X ]mSps]´mepw ASßmØ

tXß¬ BkzmZIlrZbm¥cmfßfn¬

BgØn¬ ams‰mens°m≈p∂p.

ImfnZmkt‚Xv F∂p IcpXnt∏mcp∂

iymafmZfiIØnse hm°pIfpsSbpw h¿

WßfpsSbpw LS\ B kvtXm{Xw D≈n¬Øń

Be]n°p∂h¿°p ap∂n¬ iymafm`KhXn

{]Xy£s∏Sp∂ {]XoXnbpfhmIØ°hÆ

amWv. tZhoicoch¿W\Ønse c≠p Jfiw

am{Xta ChnsS DZmlcn°p∂p≈q:

hmkcmcw`themkap÷rwàmWmchnμ{]Xn

Zzμzn]mWnZztb! k¥tXmZy±tb! AZztb!

ZnhycXvt\m¿anImZo[nXn kvtXma k‘ymb

am\mwKpeo]√thmZy∂tJμp {]`mafite!

k∂XmJfite! NnXv{]`mafite! t{]m√kXv

Ipfite!

(]pe¿ ImeØv hnS¿∂pbcp∂ sN¥mac∏q

°ƒ°p t\cmb Xrss°Ifp≈htf! F√mbv

t∏mgpw Zb D≈n¬ DZn®psIm≠ncn°p∂htf!

cs≠∂ mhan√mØhtf! ZnhycXv\ßƒ ]Xn®

alm-Ihn D≈q¿

- 55 -


tamXncßfn¬\n∂v HmfwX√p∂ {]ImiIncW

k©bØm¬ A¥nØpSp∏nb∂ Xfn¿ss°

hncepIfn¬ \n∂pZn°p∂ \JN{μ{]`mafie

ßfm¿∂htf! tZth{μ≥ kmZcw \akvIcn°p

∂htf! ⁄m\{]Imiw {]kcn∏n°p∂htf!

Gsd Xnfßn CfInbmSp∂ IpfießfWn

™htf!)

`‡P\ßfn¬ _lp`qcn]£Øn\pw CØcw

htNmhnemkØns‚ s]mcpsfm∂pw ]nSnIn´m

\nSbns√¶nepw CXv X´pw XShpan√msX

sNm√nt°ƒ°ptºmƒ Ah¿°v tZhokm∂n[yw

A\p`hs∏Sp∂p. Xmf\n_≤amwhÆw kw`hn

°p∂ kz\k©bkwLS\Øns‚ A¬`pXmh

lamb C{μPmeamWv Cu A\p`hw F∂pthWw

IcpXm≥.

kmlnXyhpw kwKoXhpw kaRvPkw

ktΩfn°p∂ ]mTßƒ ssIImcyw sNøm≥

NpaXes∏´h¿ AhbpsS A¿Yw a\ nem

°m\pw `mhw tNm¿∂pt]mhmsX ]I¿∂p\¬

Im\pw X° coXnbn¬ A£cip≤n \ne\n

¿Øm\pw ]camh[n a\ ncptØ≠Xns‚

{]m[m\yamWv ap≥ JfinIIfn¬ \n∂pcpØn

cnbp∂Xv.

bm Iptμμp Xpjmc lmc [hfm... F∂p

XpSßp∂ {]kn≤amb kckzXokvXpXnt«mIw

Hcmƒ \nt»jPmUym ]lm F∂p ]eIpdn ]mSn

Ahk\n∏n°p∂Xp tIƒ°m\nSbmbn.

ASpØncp∂ncp∂ HcmkzmZI≥ Ft∂mSp

tNmZn®p: ""Cu "]lm' F∂m¬ F¥mW¿Yw

k¿?''

""KmbIt\mSpXs∂ tNmZn®p t\m°q''

It®cn Ign™v thZnbn¬ \n∂ndßnb KmbI

\n¬\n∂v At±lØn\p Inńb {]XnIcWw

Cßs\: ""A∏w Xn∂m¬t∏mtc? AXnse

IpgnIsfms° FÆnt\m°os´¥m Imcyw! A¿Yw

At\zjn®psIm≠ncp∂m¬ It®cn BkzZn°m≥

]‰n√.''

IncmXw IYIfn: A¿Pp\\pw IncmX\pw XΩn¬

s]mcn™ bp≤w.

""t]mSm! \o BscSm? aqVm! Rms\bvX

Infnsb°qtS hs∂bvXnSmtamSm aqVm?''

F∂ Bh¿Øn®p≈ ]m´ptI v IncmX≥ IÆn¬

Xo ]mdns°m≠v ]n∂n-te°p t\m°n; t{]£ Icn¬

]ecpsSbpw s\‰n Npfn™p; Nne¿°p Nncn s]mń.

\S≥ Infn F∂ hnUvVnØØn¬ hoWn√; InSn

(= ]∂n) F∂ icn Xs∂ ImWn®p.

\fNcnXw H∂n¬ \n¿P\w F∂tXbp≈q

KpWtam F∂ thIScmK]Zw. {]ikvX\mb

s]m∂m\n_v`mKhX¿ ]ehpcp ]mSns°mSpØp:

""]SpX a∑Z\s‚ ]ShoSntX''

A{X {]ikvX\s√¶nepw B´°Ym]mTw

A¿Yadn™p ]Tn®ph®ncp∂ in¶nSn ""]SpXa≥

aZ\s‚ ]ShoSntX'' F∂ icnhgnXs∂ XpS¿∂p.

\fNcnXw aq∂nse hk hk kqX F∂

{]kn≤]ZØn¬

""]Nnt°Ww `qkpcsc; `pPn∏nt°Ww'' F∂p

]mSnt∏mIp∂Xpw tIƒ°m\nSbmbn´p≠v,

""]Nnt°Ww; `qkpcsc `pPn∏nt°Ww''

F∂Xn\p ]Icw!

tUm. hn B¿ {]t_m[N{μ≥ \mb¿ Fw F. ]n F®v Un (tIcf), ]n F®v Un (e≠≥)

{]kn≤ mjmimkv{X⁄≥, FgpØpImc≥, {]`mjI≥, ¢mkn°¬ IeIfn¬

\njvWmX≥; Zo¿LImew tIcfk¿hIemimebnse `mjmimkv{Xhn`mKw

A[y£≥, A¥mcm{„ tIcf]T\tI{μØns‚ UbdIv‰¿, ]uckvXy

]T\^m°¬ń Uo≥; kztZiØpw hntZißfnepw hnhn[k¿hIemimeIfn¬

AXnYn˛{]^k¿. Ct∏mƒ Xncph\¥]pcØv Xp©≥ kvamcIw, FgpØ—≥

\mjW¬ A°mZan, hnthIm\μ kmwkvImcnI tI{μw, kwkvIrXn

F∂nhbpsS A[y£≥.

- 56 -


tUm. ANyp-Xvi-¶¿ Fkv. \mb¿

I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Ir-Xn-I-fnse Hcp hn`m-

K-amWv t£{X-Ir-Xn-Iƒ. Hcp {]tXyI t£{X-

Ønse tZh-Xsb ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ IrXn-I-fmWv

Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp-I. t£{X-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-

sØ-°p-dn®pw sFXn-ly-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw BNm-c-ß-

sf-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ Hcp tcJ-bmbn Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw

CØcw IrXn-Iƒ amdm-dp-≠v. I¿Æm-S-I kwKoX

Xraq¿Øn-I-fmb XymK-cm-P≥, Zo£n-X¿, iyma-

imkv{Xn F∂n-hcpw Ah¿°p ka-Im-eo-\-cm-bn-

cp∂ kzmXn-Xn-cp-\mƒ, Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºn XpS-ßn-

b-hcpw kao-]-Ime kwKoX cN-bn-Xm-°-fmb ]m]-

\miw inh≥, Xpf-ko-h-\w, Aw_p-Pw-Ir-jvW≥

F∂n-hcpw CØcw IrXn-Iƒ cNn-®n-´p-≠v. tIc-f-

Ønse t£{X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ t£{X-Ir-Xn-I-

fmWv Cu teJ-Ønse ]cm-a¿i-\-hn-j-bw.

kwKo-X-Xr-aq¿Øn-I-fn¬ Zo£n-X-cmWv tIc-

f-Øn¬ kμ¿i\w \S-Øp-Ibpw Chn-SpsØ

t£{X-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ cNn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvX GI hy‡n. Xan-gv\m- nse t£{X-ß-fn¬

{]ap-J-ß-fm-b-h-sbms° Xs‚ kwKo-X-Ir-Xn-

Iƒ°v hnj-b-am-°nb Zo£n-X¿ DØ-tc¥y apX¬

tIcfw hsc k©-cn-®n- p-≈-Xmbn At±-l-Øns‚

tIc-f-Ønse t£{X-ßƒ ˛I¿Æm-SI kwKoX Io¿Ø-\-ßfn¬

PohNcn-{X-Øn¬ \n∂p a\- n-em-°mw. {iocwKw

t£{X-sØ-°p-dn®v At±lw hrμ-mh-\-km-cwK

cmK-Øn¬ cNn-°p-Ibpw `mc-X-cXv\ {ioaXn Fw.-

F-kv. kp∫-e£van Ah¿I-fpsS Bem-]-\-Øn-

eqsS Z£n-tW-¥y-bn-ep-S-\ofw {]Nm-c-Øn-em-Ip-

Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≈ ""{io cwK-]p-c-hn-lmc'' F∂

Io¿Ø\w Ct±-l-Øns‚ t£{X-Ir-Xnbv°v anI®

DZm-l-c-W-ambn ]d-bmw. Ct±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-

km-bm-”-Øn¬ injy-\mb hSn-th-ep-hns‚ £W-

Øn-em-bn-cn°mw Ct±lw Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-sØ-Øn-

b-Xv. I¿Æm-SI kwKoX temIØv {]i-kvX-\mbn

XpS-ßn-bn-cp∂ kzmXn-Xn-cp-\m-fns‚ kZ- n¬

1832-˛-emWv hSn-thep FØn-t®-cp-∂-Xv. kzmXn-Xn-

cp-\mfpw Zo£n-Xcpw XΩn¬ I≠-Xn\p sXfn-shm-

∂p-an-s√-¶nepw {io]-fl-\m` kzman-sb-°p-dn®v

Zo£n-X-cpsS Io¿Ø\w {]NmcØnep-≠v. ""]∂-

K-i-b\'' F∂ a[y-am-h-Xn-cmK Io¿Ø-\-Øn¬

""D∂X ]mWvUy tIcf \nhmk'' F∂pw ""]mb-

km∂ {]nb-Ic'' F∂pw ""]c-ip-cma t£{X-{]-

`mh'' F∂pw ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v.

""c‡-K-W-]Xnw'' F∂ taml-\-cm-K-Io¿Ø-

\-Ønepw ""]c-ip-cm-a-t£{X {]`mhw'' F∂v Zo£n-

X¿ {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-s≠-¶nepw CXv GXp t£{X-

sØ-°p-dn-®m-sW∂p hy‡-a√.

i_-cn-ae [¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn--s\-°p-dn-®p≈

Io¿Ø-\-amWv Zo£n-X-cpsS IrXn-I-fn¬ tIc-f-

kw-_-‘-ambn G‰hpw {]ap-JambXv. ""{io lcn-

l-c-]p{Xw'' F∂ hk-¥-cmK Io¿Ø\w [¿Ω

imkvXm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ G‰hpw ]gb I¿Æm-

SI kwKoX Io¿Ø\w Xs∂ (1835-˛\p ap≥]m-bn-

cn-°Ww CXns‚ cN-\-˛-Zo-£n-X¿ 1835-˛¬ A¥-

cn-®p.) ae-bm-fn-bmb kzmXn-Xn-cp-\m-tfm, Cc-bn-Ω≥

Xºntbm [¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns\ kvXpXn®v Fgp-Xn-

b-Xmbn Adn-hn√ F∂Xv {]tXyIw {it≤-b-am-Wv.

- 57 -


1830- -I-fn¬ i_-cn-a-e-bn-tebv°v Z£n-tW-¥y-bn¬

\n∂p-ap-gp-h-\p≈ Hgp°v {]i-kvX-am-bn-cp∂p F∂-

Xn\p sXfnhv 1838 -˛¬ Xncp -h-\-¥-]p -csØ

Kh:{] n¬ \n∂v kzmXn-bpsS ImeØp Xs∂

]pdØp h∂ tlmgvkn-en-bpsS Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿

Ncn{X ]pkvXIw Xs∂ ˛ CXn¬ ""sNmh-cn-

ae''bn¬ I∂-S-˛-sX-ep¶v tZiØp \n∂p-hsc

`‡¿ FØp-∂-Xmbn ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. IqSmsX

i_-cn-a-e-bn¬ 1006 taSamk-Øn¬ I≈-∑m¿

Ibdn tamjWw \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Ahsc Xan-

gv\mńse Iºw Ducn¬ \n∂p ]nSn-®-Xn\pw a[p-

c-bnse tImS-Xn-bn¬ hnNm-cW \S-Øn-b-Xn-\p-

ambn 133 cq] Nne-hm-b-Xmbn sIm√-h¿jw 1007-

˛se lPq¿ Xnc v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, {]i-

kvXn -s°m∂pw Ahcpw Ipd-hn -√m-bn -cp -∂p,

F∂m¬ Hcp kºq¿Æ ssZh-ambn Aø-∏≥

A∂p kh¿Æ-cpsS CS-bn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏- n-cp-

∂n√ F∂p kwi-bn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Zo£n-X-

cpsS Io¿Ø-\-Øn¬ Aø-∏-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿i-

ß-fn¬ ""Kucn-Kncn hnlmcw-, ""^m¬Kp-\-am-k-

]u¿Æn-am-h-Xmcw-, ""]mWvUy-tI-c-fm-Zn-tZ-i-{]-`m-

Icw'' F∂pw ""]pjv]-i-tc-£p-Im¿ap-I-[-cw'', p√-

I¬lmc ZWvU-[-c-Icw F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

`‡n-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ \n∂p I¿Æm-SI

kwKoX thZn-bn-se-Ønb Hcp Km\-sØ-°p-dn®v

IqSn ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv {]k-‡-am-bn-

cn°pw F∂p tXm∂p-∂p. lcn-h-cm-k\w F∂

Aø∏-kvXpXn a[y-am-hXn cmK-Øn¬ Gsd {]Nm-

c-Øn-ep-≠v. {io.-Pn. tZh-cm-P≥ CuWw \¬In

kn\n-a-bn-eq-sS-bmWv Cu Km\w C∂sØ kwKo-

X-in-ev]-ambn P\-a-\- n¬ {]Xn-jvT-t\-Sn-b-Xv.

A⁄mX I¿XrXzw D≈ Cu Km\-km-lnXyw

hnI-e-am-sW∂pw Nn¥m-Ip-g-∏-ap-≠m-°p∂ hcn-Iƒ

D≈-Xm -sW∂pw {io. FXn -c≥ IXn -c -h≥

tªmKnepw B\p-Im-en-I-ß-fnepw IqsS hmZn-°p-

I-bp-≠m-bn. CXv ]q¿Æ-ambpw icn-b-s√∂v Cu

teJ-I\pw hmZn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ""]pen-hm-l-\≥''

F∂p-]-d-bmsX ""B\-hm-l-\≥'' ""IpXn-c-hm-l-

\≥'' F∂p am{Xta ]d-™n- p≈q F∂ hmZ-Øn\v

adp-]-Sn-bmWv Zo£n-X-cpsS Io¿Ø\w. CXn¬ ""cY-

K-P-Xp-cwKw'' F∂m-Wt√m ]cm-a¿iw.

Kpcp-hm-bq¿ {ioIr-jvW-s\-°p-dn-®mWv Zo£n-

X-cpsS tijn-°p∂ Hcp tIc-f-Ir-Xn. tXmSn-cm-K-

Ønse ""{ioIrjvWw `P-am-\k'' Gsd {]i-kvX-

am-Wv. Nc-W-Ønse a[y-a-Ime kmln-Xy-Øn¬

""Kpcp-]-h-\-]p-cm-[o-iw-tem-tIiw'' F∂v t£{X

]cm-a¿iw D≠v.

C\n kzmXn IrXn-I-fn-tebv°v IS-°p-∂-Xn\p

ap≥]v Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºnsb ]cm-a¿in-t°-≠n-bn-cn-

°p-∂p. tIcf hmt§-b-Im-c-∑m-cpsS Io¿Ø-\-ß-

fn¬ ae-bm-fn-bpsS a\- n¬ Nnc-{]-XnjvT t\Snb

Io¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ H∂v Xºn-bpsS Icp-W-sNbvhm≥

Xs∂. {iocm -K -Øn¬ ]mSn -h -∂n -cp∂ Cu

Io¿Ø\w sNssº bZp-Ip-e-Imw-t_m-Pn-bn¬ am‰n-

∏m-Snbtijw c≠p coXn-bn¬ C∂v {]Nm-c-Øn-

ep-≠v. ""Kpcp-hm-bq¿ ]pcw X∂n¬ acp-hp-a-Jne Zpcn-

X-l-cW `K-hm≥'' F∂p {]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v

hmXmZn tcmKw Xo¿ØpsIm≈m≥ A`y¿∞n-°p-

∂Xv sFXn-ly-kva-c-W-bn-em-sW∂p hy‡w.

A{X {]i-kvX-a-√mØ a‰p Nne Io¿Ø-\-

ß-fnepw Xºn Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏s\ ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p-

≠v. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmP-hw-i-Øns‚ ]c-tZ-h-X-

bmb B‰n-ß¬ Xncp-hm-dm-´p-Imhv `K-h-Xnsb

{]Io¿Øn®v Xºn-bpsS Ht´sd IrXn-Iƒ ImWmw.

Bc-`n-cm-K-h¿Æ-amb ""Aw_ Kucn Kncn-It\y''

HcpZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. sIm√sØ Np‰p-ae `K-hXn

t£{X-hp-ambpw Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºn-bpsS IpSpw-_-

Øn\p _‘-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬ AXpw Hcp IrXn-bn¬

(i-¶-cm-`-c-Ww) ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v.

- 58 -


C\n kzmXn Io¿Ø-\-ß-fnse t£{X-Ir-

Xn-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. Ing°v I\ym-Ip-amcn tZhn

apX¬ hS°v Kpcp-hm-bq¿ hsc kzmXn-bpsS Xqen-

Ibv°v ]m{X-am-bn-´p-≠v. \h-cm{Xn Io¿Ø-\-ß-

fn¬ 8˛m-a-tØ-Xv, \m´-°p-dn©n cmK-Ønse ]mln

P\\n k¥Xw ˛ I\ym-Ip-_vP-hm-kn-bmb tZhn-

sb-°p-dn-®m-Wv. I\ym-Ip-amcn Pn√-bnse Xs∂

ipNo{μw t£{Xw (htμ atl-izcw Bc-`n-cmKw

˛ hmk-h-ip-Nn-Icw F∂p ]cm-a¿iw, Ietb

]m¿ΔXn \mYw-˛-i-¶-cm-`-c-Ww), ]fl-\m-`-]p-csØ

B\-μ-h√n tZhn-t£{Xw (B-\-μ-h√n ˛ \oem-

_w-cn) F∂n-hbpw {]i-kvX-ß-fm-Wv. Xncp-h-\-

¥-]pcw Pn√-bn¬ FØn-bm¬ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw

]fl-\m-` -a -b-amb Io¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv \ap°v

ImWm≥ km[n-°p-I. ]fl-\m- -kvXp-Xn-I-fmb Ccp-

∂q-dn-e-[nIw Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ Ds≠-¶nepw t£{X

]cm-a¿iw hnc-en-se-Æm-hp-∂-h-bm-Wv. \ma-am-{X-

amb ]cm-a¿i-ß-fmWv A[n-I-hpw. kym\-μq-]p-c-

A-a-e-Zo]w (tkth {ioIm¥w ˛ taml-\-I-eym-

Wn), kym\μq-c-\-K-co-tim-`m-b-am-\-tKlw (km-

tamZw ˛ ip≤-[-\ym-kn), kym\-μq-c-]p-tci (]-c-a-

]p-cpjw ˛ hk-¥) F∂nh DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ.

F∂m¬ t`mKo-{μ-i-mbn\w (Ip-¥-f-h-cm-fn- -J-WvU-

Nm-∏v) thdn´p \n¬°p-∂p. Znhm-I-c-ap-\n-bp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ t£{X sFXn-ly-amWv c≠mw Nc-W-

Ønse ]cm-a¿iw. h©n am¿Øm-WvU-h¿Ω

\n¿Ωn® Im©-\-hn-am-\-Øn¬ ekn-°p-∂-h-

\mbpw, e£-Zo]w XpSßn h©n cmPm-°-∑m¿

\S-Øp∂ D’-h-ß-fn¬ can-°p-∂-h-\mbpw aq∂pw

\mepw Nc-W-ß-fn¬ ]fl-\m-`≥ h¿Æn-°-s∏-ń-

cn-°p-∂p. GXm-≠ntX D≈-S°w Xs∂-bmWv Pb

Pb ]fl-\m` F∂ {]i-kvX-amb kc-kmwKn cmK-

Ir-Xn-bnepw tkth-{io-]-fl-\m-`-a-\niw F∂

taml-\-cm-K-Ir-Xn-bnepw ImWm-hp-∂-Xv. ]vXa-\m-

-kzman t£{X-Øn¬ c≠p \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn kwL-

Sn-∏n®p hcp∂ \h-cm{Xn D’-h-sØ-°p-dn®p BZy

c≠p \h-cm-{Xn-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ hnh-c-Wap≠v (tZ-ho-

P-K-÷\\n ˛ i¶-cm-`-c-Ww, ]mln-amw-{io-hm-Ko-

izcn ˛ Ieym-Wn).

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw \K-c-Ønse as‰mcp {]apJ

t£{X-amb {ioI-WvtT-iz-csØ Ipdn®v GXm\pw

IrXn-I-fn¬ ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. ]fl-\m` kzman-t£-

{X-sØ-°mƒ ]g-°-ap-s≠∂p hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂

Cu t£{X-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv ""]me-b-am-a-bnt`m''

(J-a-mkv cmKw) F∂ Io¿Ø\w. Xncp-h-\¥-]pcw

Pn√-bn¬ B‰n-ß-en-ep≈ Xncp-hm-dm-´p-Imhv Gsd

tZhn-Io¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

]mln-]¿Δ-X-\-μn\n (B-c`n ˛9mw \h-cm{Xn

Io¿Ø-\w), P\-\n-]m-ln-kZm (ip-≤-km-th-cn ˛

7- mw \h-cm{Xn Io¿Ø-\w) F∂n-h-bn¬ ""hmln\o

XS-\n-hm-kn\n'' (hm-ln-\oXSw = B‰n-ß¬) F∂v

tZhnsb hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Bc`n Io¿Ø-\-Øn¬

""h©n-\r-]m-eI hwi ipt`m-Zb'' F∂v cmP-Ip-

Spw-_-Øns‚ ]c-tZ-h-Xm-ÿm\w FSpØp ]d-bp-

∂p-≠v. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øn\p ]pdØv Aº-e-∏pg

{ioIr-jvW≥ (tZh ]meb Akm-thcn ""Aw_-

c-\-Zo-hmk'' F∂p ]c-am¿iw), Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏≥

(]m-ln-]-¶-P-\-b\ Akm-thcn Ct∏mƒ Bt`-

cn-bn¬ ]mSn-h-cp∂p ""Kpcp-]-h-\-]p-cm-[n]'' F∂p

]c-am¿iw), hbv°w inh≥ (]m-ln-X-c-£-]p-cm-

eb ˛ B\-μ-ss`-c-hn), lcn-∏mSv kp{_-“-Wy≥

(tZ-h-am-abn tIZm-c-Ku-fw), Ipam-c-\-√q¿ K-hXn

- 59 -


({io-Ip-am-c-\-K-cm-etb ˛ ATm-W) F∂n-h-bmWv

a‰v {]apJ kzmXn t£{X-Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ.

tIc-f-Øn-e-s√-¶nepw kzmXn-bpsS ""hntiz-

izc'' `P≥ ]cm-a¿in-°msX hø. ""hntiz-iz-cs\

Z¿in-°m≥ a\-tk, Imin-bn-te°v t]mIq'' F∂

lrZb kv]¿in-bmb lnμp-ÿm\n `P≥ {it≤-

b-am-Wv. 34 hb- m-Ip-∂-Xn\p apºv Cl-tem-I-

hmkw shSn™ kzmXn-bpsS ùXn-Im-h-injvSw

Im-in-bn¬ Hgp°n-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂pw Adn-bp-I.

Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºn-bpsS aIƒ Ipń-Ip™p

X¶-®nbpw GXm\pw t£{X-Ir-Xn-Iƒ cNn-®n-´p-

≠v. ""£oc-X-Sm-I-X-Sm-e-b-hmtk'' F∂v ]m¬°p-

f-ßc tZhnsb Ipdn®v ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ Imwt_m-

Pn-cm-K-Ønse ""Im¿Xym-b-\namw'' F∂ IrXnbpw

""LrX-\-Zo-Xo-c-\n-e-b\w'' F∂v s\øm-‰n≥Ic

{ioIr-jvWs\ Ipdn®v ]cm-a¿i-ap≈ ""]mln-tam-

l-\m-IrtX'' F∂ JamkvcmK-Ir-Xn-Ifpw DZm-l-

c-W-ßƒ. CXn¬ c≠m-a-tØXv kmam\yw {]Nm-

c-ap≈ IrXn-bm-Wv.

Xangv kn\nam cwKØv Gsd {]i-kvX-\mb

]m]-\miw inh≥ H∂mwInS hmt§-b-Im-c≥ IqSn-

bm-bn-cp∂p. Ct±lw _mey-Imew Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-

c-ØmWv Nne-h-gn-®n-cp-∂Xv (20- mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ XpS-

°-Z -i -I -Øn¬). t^m¿´ v sslkv°qƒ

hnZym¿∞nbpw Bbn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Xan-gv\m-Sm-bn-

cp∂p I¿Ω aWvU-e-sa-¶nepw tIc-f-sØ-°p-dn®v

kzm`m-hnI Xmev]cyw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

i_-cn-ae [¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns\ kvXpXn®v Gsd

Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ At±-l-Øn-t‚-Xm-bp-≠v. ic-W-a-

ø∏m F∂ apJmcn cmK IrXn CXn¬ {]i-kvX-

am-Wv. Aw_pPw IrjvW-s\-t∏m-ep≈ Xangv Km\-

c-N-bn-Xm-°fpw tIc-fob t£{X-Ir-Xn-Iƒ cNn-®n-

´p≠v (Kp-cp-hm-bq-c-∏t\ ˛ coXn-Ku-f).

tIc-f-Ønse A`n-\h Km\-Ir-Øp-°-fn¬

Xpf-ko-h\w (B¿. cma-N-{μ≥ \mb¿) Gsd

t£{X Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ cNn -®n -´p≠v F∂v

{]tXyIw ]cm-a¿in-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Gsd Adn-

b-s∏-SmØ t£{X-ßfpw At±-l-Øns‚ Xqen-I-

bn-eqsS I¿Æm-SI kwKoX `q]-S-Øn¬ FØn-

t®¿∂n- p-≠v. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØ iwJp-apJw tZhn-

sb-°p-dn®v ""Kncn-h-c-]p-{Xnw, kc-kn-P-t\{Xnw''

F∂ ZznPm-h-¥n-cm-K-Ønse at\m-l-c-amb IrXn

DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv Ing-t°-tIm-

´bv°v kao]w ÿnXn sNøp∂ ]g-h-ßmSn alm-

K-W-]-Xnsb kvXpXn®v H∂ntesd Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ

Xpf-ko-h-\-Øn-t‚-Xm-bp-≠v (]¿Δ-X-X-\pP Jam-

kv, `P-am\k ˛ _lp-Zm-cn, GI-c-Z\w ˛ lntμm-

fw.) It®-cn-I-fpsS XpS-°-Øn¬ h¿Æw Ign™v

KW-]Xn kvXpXn-bmbn ]mSm≥ ]mI-Øn¬ Kmb-

I\v sXc-s™-Sp-°m≥ ]pXnb km[y-X-Iƒ

\¬Ip∂ Cu Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ kmam\yw {i≤

]nSn®p ]‰n-b-h-bm-Wv.

Cu teJ-\-Øn¬ CXp-hsc ]cm-a¿in-°-

s∏-Sm-sX-t]mb H∂pIqSn kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v

teJ\w Ah-km-\n-∏n-°mw. ]fl-\m` kzman

t£{X-Ønse 9 Znh -ksØ D’hw

h¿Æn®psIm≠v kzmXn Xncp-\mƒ 9 JWvU-ß-

fmbn cNn-®n-´p≈ D’h {]_‘w c≠p ImcWw

sIm≠v {it≤-b-am-Wv. Hmtcm Znh-k-sØbpw BNm-

c-ßƒ h¿Æn-°p∂p F∂ \ne-bn¬ CsXmcp

Ncn{X tcJ-bmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. IqSmsX ]®

ae-bm-f-Øns‚ {]tbmKw kzmXn-bpsS Fgp-Øn¬

G‰hpw ImWp-∂Xv CXn¬ Xs∂.

Xmgºq \nd-am¿∂ ]q¥p-In-eXpw

XmgØp sNtΩ-cn-[-cn˛

t®gm-ap-’h hmktc in_n-I-ta¬

hmgp∂p e£van-h-c≥

(D-’h {]_‘w 7˛mw Znhkw

t«mIw ˛ awK-f-Iuin-I-cm-Kw)

tUm. ANyp-Xvi-¶¿ Fkv. \mb¿ : Ub-dIvS¿, sk‚¿ t^m¿ _tbm

C≥^¿am-‰nIvkv, tIcf k¿Δ-I-em-ime, kwKoX \n]p-W≥, {]ikvX

imkv{X-⁄≥.

- 60 -


Sn.-F-kv. cm[m-Ir-jvWPn

kwKoXw Cuiz-c≥

Cuiz-c-kr-jvSn-bmb k]vX-kz-c-ßfpw kzc-

tZ-h-X-am-cm-Wv, F¶n¬ kwKoXw Cuiz-c≥ Xs∂-

bt√!

]pcm-W-Imew apX¬ `mc-Xob kwkv°m-c-

Øn¬ kwKoXw Cuizc Bcm-[-bv°p-th≠n am{X-

amWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fn¬

a\pjy a\- n\p `‡n-bpw, i‡nbpw \¬Ip∂

A¥-co-£-am-bn-cp-∂p.

ChnsS Fs‚ Kpcp-h-N\w Rm≥ Hm¿°p-I-

bm-Wv. \ΩpsS {Xnaq¿Øn-I-fmb hmt§-b-Im-c-∑m¿

{io XymK-cm-P-kzm-an-I-fpw, {io apØp-kzman Zo£n-

X-cpw, {io iyma-im-kv{Xn-I-fpw. Ah-cpsS F√m

Io¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw Cuizc km£m-Xv°mcw sXfn-

bn-®-h-cm-Wv.

{]tXy-In®pw XymK-cmP kzman-Iƒ AXn¬

apJy]¶p-h-ln -®n -cn -°p -∂p. At±-l-Øns‚

[\ymkn cmK-Øn-ep≈ ""kwKo-X-⁄m-\-ap`‡n''

F∂p XpS-ßp∂ Io¿Ø\w Xs∂ henb Hcp

DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ I¿Ω aWvU-e-ß-fn¬ ‡n-

bn-√msX ⁄m\w sIm≠p-am{Xw GXp I¿Ωw

sNbvXmepw AXp ]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂n-√. {]tXy-In®p

kwKo-X-Øn¬. hfsc ASpØ Ime-ØmWv \Ωƒ

kwKo-XsØ ]m´m-bpw, Km\-ß-fmbpw am‰n-b-Xv.

{]tXy-In®p \ΩpsS kn\nam Km\-ßfpw efnX Km\-

ßfpw CXns‚ DØ-a-amb DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.

`K-hms‚ \maw Io¿Øn-°msX sNm√p∂

Hcp krjvSnbpw kwKo-X-tØmSp ASp-°p-∂n-√.

\mak¶o¿Ø-\-sa∂p XymK-cm-P-kzm-anbpw `{Zm-

New cma-Zm-k-cpw, \mcm-b-W-Xo¿∞cpw a‰p

At\Iw alm-flm-°fpw \ap°p ImWn®p X∂

hgn \maw Io¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sS Cuizc km£m-

Xv°m-c-Øn\p hgn sXfn-bn-®p-X-cp∂p F∂-Xm-Wv.

ChnsS Hcp Imcyw Rm≥ ]d-bp-hm≥ B{K-

ln-°p-I-bm-Wv. kwKo-X-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb

XØz-hpw, kXyhpw {ipXn-am-Xm-eb:]nXm F∂

hmIy-am-Wv.

GXp Kmb-I\pw, Km-bn-Ibpw Xs‚ \mZ-Øn-

eqsS Cu {ipXnsb As√-¶n¬ kzcsØ tN¿Øp

Bem-]\w sNbvXn-s√-¶n¬ Cu kzc-ÿm-\-ßƒ

hnI-emw-K-cm-Ip∂p. F∂p sh®m¬ kzc-tZ-h-X-

am¿t]mepw CXn¬ _m[n-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v

]o∂oSpw km£m¬ {io\m-cZ al¿jn Xs‚

Xo¿∞-Pew Xfn®p Cu kzc-tZ-h-X-amsc ]q¿Δ-

ÿm-\-tØ-°p-sIm≠p hcp∂p F∂p-≈Xp Xs∂

henb Hcp DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

Cuiz-c\p ka¿∏n-t°≠ G‰hpw henb

\nth-Zy-amWv kwKo-Xw. \ΩpsS \nXy-]q-P-bn¬

t]mepw KoXw, hmZyw, \rØw F∂nh `K-hm\p

ka¿∏n-°p-hm≥ \ΩpsS Ejn-iz-c-∑m¿ \ap°p D]-

tZiw sNbvXn- p-≠v. Fs‚ Pohn-XsØ G‰hpw IqSp-

X¬ kwKo-Xw-sIm≠p A\p-{K-ln-®Xp Aø-∏-kzm-

an- am{Xw. Fs‚ kwKoX Pohn-X-Øn¬ G‰hpw

IqSp-X¬ Aø-∏-\m-a-ß-fmWv K-hm≥ F\n°p A\p-

{K-ln®p \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂

Fs‚ Ffnb Adnhp sh®p Aø-∏-kzman Fgp-Xn®

Cu \nthZyw Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏-kzm-an-bpsS

]mZ-Øn¬ Rm≥ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

Sn.Fkv. cm[m-Ir-jvWPn : {]ikvX kwKoX kwhn-[m-b-I≥. `‡nKm\˛\ma

k¶o¿Ø\ cwKØv kPo-hw.

a™{] taml-\s‚ \ma-k-¶o¿Ø\w

- 61 -


P\p-hcn 11 1187 [\p 27 D’hw sImSn-tb‰v

P\p-hcn 15 1187 aIcw 1 aI-c-hn-f°v

P\p-hcn 16 1187 aIcw 2 D’hw Bdm v

s^{_p-hcn 16 1187 Ipw`w 03 {io]q¿Æ{Xboi t£{XØnse ]d Fgps∂≈n∏v

am¿®v 24 1187 ao\w 11 [zP-{]-XnjvTmZn\w

am¿®v 26 1187 ao\w 13 ao\`cWn

G{]n¬ 05 1187 ao\w 23 ]¶p-\n- D-{Xw, \nth-Zy-kZy

G{]n¬ 14 1187 taSw 1 hnjp , alm-K-W-]-Xn-tlmaw

Pqsse 16 1187 I¿°n-SIw 1 cmam-b-W-amkw Bcw`w

BKÃv 16 1187 I¿°n-SIw 32 I¿°n-SI \nd-ame, X{¥n-]qP

BKÃv 21 1188 Nnßw 05 hn\m-bI NXp¿∞n, alm-K-W-]Xn tlmaw

HIvtSm_¿ 22,23,24 1188 Xpemw 6,7,8 \h-cm{Xn D’hw

\hw-_¿ 16 1188 hr›nIw 1 aWvU-e-Imew Bcw- w

\hw_¿ 24 1188 hr›nIw 9 imkvXmw]m v , \nthZykZy

Unkw-_¿ 26 1188 [\p 11 aWvU-e-]q-P, BZw-]n-≈n-°mhv K-h-Xn-bpsS

hnf-°n-s\-gp-∂-≈n∏v

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω imkvXm t£{XØnse2012 h¿j-Ønse hntij-Zn -h-k-ßƒ

- 62 -


t£{XØnse {][m\ hgn]mSpIƒ

Goãem£cvhtp

meìew òùcböèx Mem£ebfszÜ mVjthceã lec-jXkgä~j ùMrOqîMem£ebx cue ssboõvgX,ìfùhùhmeofãgX ECx. mqbªajeiMcvèfvgXGÑfóxSkejõmeíõèfvgX aìùlèfw Goãem£-cvhtp vëègÿlx Hnùhocsùl. DvgYbÆqhJåJfåx Fah¥eW aìùlèfw OejeäX ahqGoãem£cvhtp bBfheëeãf vëèfbjgÿg.

iChlf auecX

ùMrbfIxavMVj ùhrlfTeãf aìùlèfw SnâeofbmbgX cgë~esl jebfsn iChlf auecXbBfheëeãf vëèf bjgÿg. ktëglw Y©pv-~W Fd bBfheëx vëègbez cgaÿeöx bjC-scÿx DYõqÓfTgÿg.

Yiblf amb

Snâe sbúfãeBxòãgX cgë~esl Fd bBfheëx vë-èCscÿx mcflfTeùiucgçx. Y©pv~Wl~ägsë bkãeãf Flg vëègbez cgaÿeögb-jCscÿx DYõqÓfTgÿg.

vflõvfoevX

aìùlèfsn vflõhtp, vfaboõX Fb bBfheëeãfvëègÿlfvx 40 jthãeCx vfËãfòªfjfTgÿlx.OejeäX Y©pv~W DbjbjgaëãgX yÀgpv-~ägaëãgX p|vìùl~äfw Fd bBfheëx vëèf-bjgÿg.

vfJcen bfäTgbãxh¥x

aìùlèfw ofbmbgX “vfJcenãgX bfäTgb-ãxh¥gX” vëèCscÿx mcflfTeùiucgsçRfngXmeêèfk hjfcflfkW ctnX Snâe MvfãeBxòk-äfngX cJÜx bfaMóofbm~äfngX ceùlX Flx cgëTXktëesl vëèfbjgÿg. Y©pv~W bBfheëeãfFlx vëègbez cgaÿeögbjCscÿx DYõqÓf-Tgÿg.

bebghtp, EãfnõXhtp

Snâe cem~äfngX bebghtpãgX, EãfnõX vì-ùlèfw mqh¥èfvx EãfnõXhtpãgX, vtJgXhengX Dqh¥fTngX GçeãfjfTgÿleCx. Y©p-v~ägsë bBfheëeãeCx Fd htpkW vëèfbjg-ÿlx.

ktëesl ùMrOqîMem£ebfvx DóØeYfaókbgX,FóØ vfaboõ~äeã Súg heãmX, Dh¥XvfaboõX SÿfbãgX, iChlfTx ZJÜãh¥X vfaboõ-bgX Y©pv~W bBfheëeãf vëèfbjgÿg.

lgneYejX, aòeJtCx

ùMrOqîMem£ebfszÜ cgêfw DYróØmfífTeãflgneYejX, aòeJtCx Sÿfb vëègbevgúmdkjõbgX mcflf ZjgTfãfögçx.

ckjbfäTx ofbmX ùMrOqîMem£ebfvxvfabofòª Dh¥X, DjbC, iChlfTx vfabofòª aceokX

Sÿfb kdçJfw vfÿgX nYfTgÿleCx.

- 63 -


kwKo-X- kw-kvIm-c-ß-fpsSka-\z-b-ambn lnμp-ÿm\n kwKoXw

kma-thZ kwKo-X-sa∂ aqem-[m-c-Øn¬ XpS-

ßp∂ `mc-Xob kwKo-X-[mc c≠p ssIhgn-I-

fmbn ]ncn-™-Xs{X Z£nW `mcX kwKoXw

F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ I¿Æm-SI kwKo-Xhpw DØ-tc-

¥ybn¬ {]Npc {]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ lnμp-ÿm\n

kwKo-X-hpw.

12-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ Ahn-SsØ

`mc-X-Øns‚ mK-ß-fm-bn-cp∂ _w•m-tZ-iv, ]m°n-

ÿm≥, t\∏mƒ, A vLm-\n-ÿm≥ XpS-ßnb hS-

°≥ {]hn-iy-I-fn¬ thZ-kw-Ko-X-Øns‚ NphSv

]nSn®p cq]w-sIm≠ kam-\-kz-`m-h-ap≈ kwKoX

kc-Wn-I-fpsS kwK-a- -e-amhmw ÿqe-tØ-°mƒ

kq£-va-Øn¬ tI{μo-I-cn®p {]tbm-K-Øn¬ h∂

lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-Xw. t]¿jy≥ kwKoX kuμ-

cyw-IqSn Bhm-ln-s®-SpØv cq]w-sIm≠ lnμp-

ÿm\n kwKo-X-sØ \mw Ft∏mgpw hSt°¥y≥

kwKoXw F∂v hnfn-t∏-cn´psIm-≠mWv Bkz-Zn-

®n-cp-∂-Xv.

12-˛mw \q‰m-≠p-hsc GIXzm¿∂ KwKm-{]-

hmlwt]msebmbn-cp∂p `mc-Xob kwKoXw.

]n∂o -sS -t∏mtgm Bhmw AXv Xo¿Øpw

hyXykvX hy‡n {]`m-h-tØm-Sp-IqSnb c≠v

ssIh-gn-I-fmbn ]ncn-™Xv Cu c≠v kwKoX kc-

Wn-Ifpw cmK-`m-h-k-ºq¿Æhpw Xmf-\n-_-≤hpw

Bbn-cp-∂p. Cu thZ-kw-KoX imJ-Iƒ kma-th-

Z-Øn-s‚bpw ]n∂oSv EtKz-Z-Øn-s‚bpw am[pcyw

Dƒs°m-≠mWv ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te-°p≈ {]bmWw

XpS-ßn-b-Xv.

`c-X-ap-\n-bpsS \mSy-imkv{X Ime-L-´-

ØnemWv Cu kwKoX imJ ]pXp-a-bpsS Nnd-Ip-

Iƒ tXSn-bXv

lnμp-ÿm\n kwKoX ]Y-ß-fn-eqsS

apKƒ `c-W-Im-esØ Zn√n tI{μo-I-cn®v

hSt° C¥y-bn¬ thcp-Iƒ Dd-∏n® t]¿jy≥

kwKo-X-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-am-bn-cp∂p lnμp-ÿm\n

kwKo-X-sa∂ mc-Xob kwKo-X-im-J-bpsS hnImk

-]-cn-Wm-a-ß-fn¬ \mgn-I-I-√mbn amdn-b-Xv.

apKƒ N{I-h¿Øn-am-cpsS ]cn-em-f-\-ta‰v mc-

Xob kwKo-X-[m-c-bn¬ ebn®p tNcm≥ t]¿jy≥

kwKo-X-Øn\v Ign -™p. BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬

t]¿jy≥ kwKo-X-Øns‚ ta¬t°mbva D≠m-bn-

cp-s∂-¶nepw ]n∂oSv `mc-Xob kwKo-X-Øns‚

kzXzw -Xn -c n -® -dn™v ]men¬ ]©-kmc

F∂t]mse t]¿jy≥ kwKo-X-Øns‚ am[pcyw

lnμp -ÿm\n kwKo -X -Øn¬ Aen -™p-

tN¿∂p.as‰m -c¿∞-Øn¬ sslμ-h-˛ -ap…nw

kwkvIm-c-ß-fn¬ Du∂n-bp≈ hyXykvX kwKoX

]≤-Xn-I-fpsS ka-\zb cq]-ß-fmbn Jhm-en,

Jbm¬ XpS-ßnb kwKoX imJ-I-fpsS DZ-b-Øn\v

Imc-W-ambn. B[p-\nI lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-X-

Øns‚ ]nXmhv F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Zn√n kp¬Øm-

t\‰ v Ime-L-´ -Øns‚ kw`m -h -\ -bmb

Aao¿Jpkvdp (1252-˛1325) BWv.

Akm-am\y ssh`-h-ap≈ Cu kwKoX N{I-

h¿Øn t]¿jy≥, S¿°n-jv, Ad-_n°v F∂o

A\y-`m-j-Iƒ°v ]pdta {]mNo\ `mc-Xob _rPv

`mj-bnepw Bem-]\ kuI-cy-am¿∂ KoXI-ßƒ

Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-X-Øns‚ hnhn[ LS-

I-ßsf kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v B kwKoX ]≤-Xn°v kc-

f-amb Hcp LS-\m-cq-]o-I-cWw km≤y-am-°n.

A]q¿Δ-cm-K-ß-fmb koem-^v, k¿]¿Z XpS-ßnb

tUm. A{`m-ZnX _m\¿Pn

- 64 -


Hcp]nSn kwKo-X- m-h-ßƒ lnμp-ÿm-\n-bn¬ ebn-

∏n-°m\pw At±-l-Øn\v km[n-®p.

t]¿jy≥ km{μ-kw-KoXw AXn-k-¶o¿Æ-

amb mc-Xob {Zp]Xv Xmf-hp-ambn tIm¿Øn-W°n

Hcp mh-Zo-]vX-amb Jhmen kwKoX imJ Aao¿

Jp{kp-hns‚ kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. koØm¿ XpS-ßnb

X{¥n-hm-Zy-ßfpw a‰v \nc-h[n kwKoX D]-I-c-W-

ßfpw lnμp-ÿm\n kwKoX [mc-bn-tebv°v

sIm≠p-h-∂Xv, ]co-£-W-ßsf F∂pw lrZ-b-

tØmSp tN¿Øp-]n-Sn-®n-cp∂ Cu kwKoX {]Xn-`-

bm-Wv.

Aao¿ Jp{kp-hns‚ t]cn -s\m-∏-amWv

""Jbm¬'' kwKo-X-Øns‚ D¤-h-sØ-∏‰n ]d-™p-

tIƒ°p-∂-sX-¶nepw e`y-amb At±-l-Øns‚

kwKoX ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS i_vZ-tc-J-Iƒ Cu hmZ-

ap-J-ßsf \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂-X-√.

apl-ΩZvjm cwKo-te-bpsS Bÿm\ Kmb-

I-\m-bn-cp∂ ""\nba-XvJm≥'' (k-Z-cwKv) F∂

t]cmWv B[p-\nI Jbm¬ kwKo-X-Øn-t\mSv

tN¿Øv hnh-cn-®p-Im-Wp-∂-Xv. am{X-a√ kZcwKv

F∂ Cu t]cp-t]mepw Jbm¬ kwKo-X-Øns‚

]cym-b-ambn Icp-Xp-Ibpw \nb-a-XvJm≥ Cu

kwKoX kc-Wn-bpsS ]nXmhv Bbn AwKo-I-cn-

°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.

Cu Akm-am\y kwKoX {]Xn-`-I-fm¬

Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ]cn-jvI-cn-°-s∏´ Cu kwKoX

kcWn ]n∂oSv sslμh ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ hnebw

{]m]n-®p. _u≤n-I-a-WvU-e-ß-fn¬ am{Xw Xnf-ßn-

\n∂ kwkvIr-X-`m-j-hn´v A°m-eØv {]Np-c-{]-

Nm-c-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ _rP-`m-j-bnepw ]n∂oSv

adm-Øn, lnμn mj-I-fnepw D≈ kcf kmln-Xy-

Øns‚ AI-º-Sn-tbmsS Cu kwKoX[mc \q‰m-

≠p-I-tfmfw `mc-Xo-b-cpsS BflobNn¥ [mc-I-

fn¬ \n∂pw th¿s]-Sp-Øm-\m-ImØhn[w ""`‡n

{]ÿm\w'' F∂ cq]-Øn¬ `mc-Xob kwkvIr-

Xn-bn¬ thcp-d-∏n®p. I_o¿, \m\mIv XpS-ßnb

\njvIma ‡n-bpsS aq¿Øo-cq-]-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p Cu

`‡n-{]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Aa-c-°m¿. ]n∂oSv Pb-tZ-

h¿ (4- mw \q‰m-≠v) hnZym-]Xn (1375 F.-Un.), Nmμn-

Zmkv (14-˛15 \q‰m-≠v), aocm-`mbv (155-˛1603) XpS-

ßnb ]pWym-fl-°-fn-eqsS AXv ]S¿∂v ]¥-en-

®p. apKƒ N{I-h¿Øn-am¿ {]tXy-In®v Pem¬,

D≤n¬, AIv_¿ sslμ-h-[m-c-I-tfmSv IqSp-X¬

B`n-apJyw ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ kwKoX

\rØ-cq-]-ßƒ Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ hnIm-k-]-cn-

Wm-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-bn.

kwKo-X-tZ-h-X-bpsS hc-Zm-\-am-bn- IcpXn

h∂- Xm≥k≥ F∂ A¤pX {]Xn-`mkw AIv_-

dns‚ kZ- ns\ Ae-¶-cn-®n-cp-∂Xv Cu Ime-L-´-

Øn-em-Wv. k-ab _‘nX cmK-ß-fn¬ Hcp \nim-

cmKw {]`m-X-th-f-bn¬ ]mSn sXfn™ BIm-

isØ taLm-hr-X-am°n ag-s]-øn®Xpw ""Zo]Iv''

F∂ cmKw ]mSn AIv_-dns‚ Z¿_m-dn¬ Zo]w-

sX-fn-bn-®Xpw a‰m-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

Kzmfn -tbm¿ cmP-hw -i -Ønse cmPm -

am≥knßv tXma¿ (1486- 1516 F.-Un.) F∂ kwKoX

- 65 -


ckn-I≥IqSn-bmb alm-cm-Pmhpw kwkvIr-X-km-

ln-Xy-Øn¬ \n∂pw thdn´ icm-icn `mc-Xo-bs‚

`mj-bmb lnμn-bn¬ imkv{Xob Km\-ßƒ Nn´-

s∏-Sp-Øn.

`‡nbpw aX--\n-c-t]-£-Xbpw hnj-b-ß-

fm°n tXma¿ At\Iw Km\-ßƒ Fgp-Xp-Ibpw

Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ch-sb√mw t{ImUo-

I-cn®v At±lw Xøm-dm-°nb ""a¶p-Sp-l¬'' (B-

Imw-j-bpsS ]pkvXIw) Gsd {]kn-≤-am-Wv. {Zp]Zv

kwKoX imJ Kzmfn-tbm¿ cmP-hw-i-Øns‚ Iogn¬

hf¿®-bpsS ]pXnb ]S-hp-Iƒ Ib-dn. AXp-sIm-

≠p-Xs∂ ""Kzmfn-tbm¿ Jcm-\, C∂pw `mc-Xob

kwKoX a\- p-Isf Iog-S-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

apKƒ cmP-hw-i-Øns‚ ]X-\-Øn-\p-tijw

\m´p-cm-Py-ß-fmb eJv\u, ]mSym-e, _\m-dkv XpS-

ßnb cmP-hw-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n® t{]m’m-

l-\-ßƒ hnhn[ Jcm-\-I-fpsS DZ-b-Øn\pw {]Nm-

cW-Øn\pw CS-bm-°n. At∏mgpw sshhn-≤y-

am¿∂ Cu Jcm-\-I-fn¬ ]S¿∂p-I-bdn `‡n

kwKo-Xhpw kp^n-kw-Ko-Xhpw ]pXnb `mh-X-e-

ßƒ tXSns°m≠n-cp-∂p.

B[p-\nIbpKw

20-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ XpS-°-tØmsS cmP-`-c-

W-Øn\pw Z¿_m-dp-Iƒ°pw \miw-kw-`-hn-®p.

CtXmsS kwKo-X-sØ-]-cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p∂ cmP-]m-

c-ºcyw F∂t∂°p-ambn C√m-Xm-bn.

]s£ kwKoXw tIhew cmP-]-cn-c-£-bn¬

hf-tc≠ H∂√ F∂v sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

]n∂oSv `mcXw I≠ kwKoX hf¿®bpw hnImk-

hpw.

Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw CXn\p IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p-

∂Xv A¥:]pc-Ønse t`mK-ku-I-cy-ßtfm A[n-

Im-ctam C√msX kwKoX tZh-Xsb a\- m-h-

cn®v Km\-km-K-c-Øn¬ kzbw ebn-®p-tN¿∂ kam-

\-X-I-fn-√mØ GXm\pw kwKoX {]Xn-`-I-tfm-Sm-

Wv.

hmPnZv Aeo-jm-bpsS \njvIm-k-\-Øn-\p-

tijw 1857-˛¬ eJvkm-hnkv kwKoX ]mc-ºcyw

_wKm-fn kwKoX k{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-Øn-

em-bn.

20-˛mw \q‰m≠ns‚ BZy-]m-Z-Øn¬ hnjvWp

ZnKw-_¿ ]mep-kvI¿ (hn.-Un. ]mep-kvI¿) Xs‚

kz¿§ob kwKoX[mc-sIm≠v `mc-Xob kwKoX

a\- p-Isf Iog-S-°n.

12-˛mw hb- n¬ A‘-\mbn Xo¿s∂-¶nepw

ÿnX-{]-⁄-\mb ]mep-kvI¿ K‘¿h alm-hn-

Zym-ebv F∂ kwKoX hnZym-ebw ÿm]n°pIbpw

Ahn-SpsØ `mc-X-Ønse emtlm¿ tI{μ-am°n

XpS-ßnb Cu hnZymebw 1901 apX¬ kwKoX

temI-Øn\v ka-{K-amb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

- 66 -


A{`m-YnX _m\¿Pn : lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-X-⁄, tIcf k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bnse

kwKoX hn`mKw KÃv ^m°¬‰n

]mep-kvI-dns‚ ka-Im-en -I-\mbncp∂

NXp¿]-WvUn‰v hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-¨ `XvI¿ F∂

Kmb-I≥ A∂p-ap-Xte hnhn[ kwKo-X-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ

XΩn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ InS-a-’-c-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn™v

hnhn[ Lcm-\-I-fpsS D¤h ÿm\-ß-fn¬ \nc-

¥cw kμ¿i\w \S-Øn. `mc-Xnb kwKoX ka-

\z-b-Øn\pth≠n bXv\n-®p.

I¿Wm-SnIv Ft∂m lnμp-ÿm-\n-sbt∂m

hyXym-k-an-√msX F√m kwKo-X-]-≤-Xn-I-fn-tebpw

\∑-Iƒ kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°m≥ At±lw \S-Ønb

{ia-ßƒ «mL-\o-b-ß-fm-Wv.

1909-˛\pw 1932˛\pw CS-bn¬ Ct±-l-Øn-t‚-

Xmbn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ lnμp-ÿm\n kwKoX

]≤Xn (4 hmey-ßƒ) F∂ {KŸw `mc-Xob

kwKoX [mc-Isf ka-\z-bn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Hcp

B[n-Im-cnI {KŸ-ambnXo¿∂p. mc-X-Øn¬ C∂p

{]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ cmK-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ F√mw Xs∂ Cu

{KŸsØ A[n-I-cn-®p≈XmWv.

lnμp -ÿm\n kwKo -X -Øns‚ LS-\

Ggpkzc-ß-fn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amWv. F¶nepw AXn-

∂n-S-bn¬ 5 a≤y-a-kz-c-cq-]--ßfpw IqSn-tN¿∂v 12

kzc-hn-\ym-k-ßfn¬ kw£n-]vX-amWv lnμp-

ÿm\n kwKo-Xw. Ah-X-c-W-Øn¬ cmK-`m-h-Øn-

\p-Xs∂bmWv ap≥Xq-°w.

cmPm (hm-Zn) dmWn (k-a-hm-Zn) k¶¬∏-

Øn-ep≈ kzc-ßƒ tN¿∂v ]JUv F∂ cq]w.

Hmtcm cmK-Øn\pw AXn-t‚-Xmb aoÜv XpS-

ßnb {]tbm-K-ßƒ D≠v. at\m-[¿Ω kwKo-X-

Øn\p Gsd {]m[m-\y-ap≈ kwKoX imJ-bmWv

lnμp-ÿm-\n.

Xmƒ F∂ Xmf ]≤-Xnbpw Xm´v F∂ -

{ipXnip≤-Xbpw tN¿∂mWv CXns‚ Ah-X-cW

`wKn \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xv. a{¥-ÿm-bn, a≤y-ÿm-bn,

Xmc-ÿmbn F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv {ipXn-t`Zw.

Hcp lnμp-ÿm\n cmK-Øns‚ Ah-X-c-W-

Øn¬ c≠v \ne-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.

Bem]v F∂ amkva-c-i-‡n-bp≈ cmK-`mh

h¿Æ-\-bpw _≥Unjv AYhm K v F∂ kmlnXy

kta-X-am-bp≈ Km\ {]tbm-K-hpw. ChnsS X_e

]°-am-bn-h-cp-∂p.

XpS-°-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®-t]mse 20-˛mw \q‰m-

≠n¬ lnμp-ÿm\n kwKoXw AXns‚ Hu∂-Xy-

Øn¬ FØn-bXv kz¿§ob Kmb-I-cm-bn-cp∂ a√n-

Im¿÷p≥ a≥kp¿, Ipam¿ K‘¿h-, t_Kw

AJvX¿, òwsk≥ tPmjn, _nkvan-√-Jm≥ XpS-

ßnb {]Xn-`-I-fpsS klm-b-Øm-em-bn-cp-∂p. Ch-

scsb√mw Xs∂ kwKoX tZh-X-bpsS Ah-Xm-c-

ß-fmbn Icp-Xmw.

lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-X-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-

h∂ kwKXnIƒ {Zp]-Xv, Lbm¬, Xm∏, Xcm-\,

-Xpavdn F∂o k¶o¿Æ-ß-sf-¶nepw Bkzm-Zy-I-c-

amb kwKoX hnkvab-ßƒ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

K -ep-I-fm-hs´ lnμp-ÿm\n Bem-]\

kuIpamcyw \nd-s™m-gp-Ip∂ Hcp XcfnX kwKo-

X-{]-]©w Xs∂-bm-Wv. Kpemw Aenbpw ]¶Pv

DZmkpw a‰v At\Iw K ¬ Kmb-I-cpw, ip`

apZvKm¬ XpS-ßnb lnμp-ÿm\n \mtSmSn kwKo-

X-Øns‚ am[pcyw \ap°p ]I¿∂p-X∂ F{Xtbm

Kmb-Icpw Cu kwKoX [mc-bpsS h‰mØ Dd-h-I-

fm-Wv.

- 67 -


tUm. eoem HmwtNcn

tkm]m\ kwKoXw ˛ Hcp kmam-\ym-h-tem-I\w

F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw tIc-f-Øn\v Hcp

{]tXyI hy‡nXzw D≠v, kwKo-X-Øn-epw tIc-f-

Øns‚ X\n-a-s∏´ kwKo-X-am-Wv "tkm]m\w' F∂

kwKo-X-]-≤-Xn. F∂mWv Cu t]cv AXn\v hoW-

sX∂v Xo¿Øp ]d-bm≥ {]bm-k-am-sW-¶nepw

AXn - {]m -No -\ -Imew apX-ev°p -X-s∂,

tIc-f-Øn\p hy‡n-Xzhpw imkv{Xo-bm-Sn-ÿm-\hpw

D≈ Hcp kwKoXw D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈-Xn\v

[mcmfw sXfn-hp-I-fp-≠v. tIcf kwKoXw hyhÿ

sNbvXXv ]c-ip-cm-a-\m-sW∂v HsscXn-ly-ap-≠v.

[6000 h¿j-ßƒ°p-apºv

]pe¿∂n-cp∂ Ako-dn-b≥ kwkv°m-

c-Øn¬ "dmw' t\Xmhpw "\ºn' ]ptcm-

lnX {]am-Wnbpw Bbn-cp-∂p-h-t{X.

dman\v Hcp {]tXyI Bbp-[hpw D≠m-

bn-cp-∂p-t]m-epw. Cu dmw Iptd \ºn-

I-fp-ambn kap{Zw hgn `mc-X-Øns‚

sXt°-aq-e-bn¬ hs∂∂pw Ah-sc,

AtX ÿm\am-\-ß-tfmsS `mcXw AwKo-I-cn-

s®∂pw ]d-bs∏-Sp-∂p. \ºn F∂ ]Zw BZyw

Cuiz-c-s\-°p-dn®p ]ecpw Aßs\ k¶¬∏n®p

]mSpI t]mepw sNbvXp. "hmcWw Bbncw' F∂

Xncp-∏mssh ]mńse {]tbm-K-ßƒ CXn\p sXfn-

hm-Wv. {ItaW \ºn F∂ ]Zw ImW-s∏´ ssZh-

amb cm-Pm-hn-t\bpw ]ptcm-lnX {]am-Wn-bmb

X{¥n-tbbpw Ipdn®p "\ºn-bm¿' F∂p _lp-am-

\-kq-N-I-ambn B ]Zw Dcp-Øn-cn-™p. F∂mWv

B ]Zw sIm≠v hyh-l-cn-°-s∏´ P\w Xcw-XmWv

Aº-e-hm-kn-I-fm-b-sX∂v Adn-bn-√.]

]gb ]m´p-Ifpw Ah-bpsS cmKmw-i-ßfpw

]c-ip-cm-as‚ G¿∏m-S-\p-k-cn®v, inh-t£-{X-

Øn-tebpw hnjvWp-t£-{X-Øn-tebpw Bcm-[-

\bv°v {_m“-W-cpw, k¿∏-°mhv, `K-h-Xn-h´w

F∂o {ZmhnU ]qPm tI{μ-ß-fnse NSßpIƒ°v

a‰p P\-ßfpw \nb-an-X-cm-bn. Bcm-[\m I¿Ω-

ßsf apgp-an-°m\pw sImgp-∏n-°m-\p-am-bn-´mWv

Km\w, hmZyw, \rØw F∂ aq∂p Iem-cq-]-ßfpw

BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn®p XpS-ßn-b-Xv. Bcy-∑m¿

t£{X-Øn¬ kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ a{¥-ßƒ sNm√n-

b-t∏mƒ a‰v kap -Zm -b-°m¿ kwkmc `mj-

bn¬Øs∂ t«mI-ßfpw ]m´p-Ifpw cNn-®v, hmZy-

ß-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbm-Sp-IqSn ssZh-X-ßsf t]m‰n-

∏m-Sn. Aßs\ H´\-h[n ]m´p-Iƒ D≠m-bn. H∏w

kmap-Zm-bnI Km\-ß-fpw `{Z-Im-fn-∏m- v,

k¿∏w-]m-´v, K‘¿h≥]m-´v, tZth-

{μ≥]m-´v, the≥]m-´v, ImWn-∏m-´v,

hmXn¬Xp -d -∏m -´ v , hS -°≥]m-´ v ,

sX°≥]m- v, cma-I-Ym-∏m v XpSßn \qdp-

I-W-°n\p ]m´p-Ifpw `‡n Io¿Ø-\-

ßfpw Icn-¥-an-gn-s‚bpw a[y-a-e-bm-f-Øn-

s‚bpw hI-bmbn \ap°p e`n-®p. Ch-

bn¬ ]eXpw {]mIr-X-io-ep-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw

CØcw Km\-ß-fn¬ Dudn-°n-S∂ `mK cmKmw-i-

ßfpw Bem-]\ k{º-Zm-bhpw Hcp kº-∂-cm-K-]-

≤Xn \mń¬ hf-cm≥ klm-bn-®n-cn-°-Ww.

cmKmw-i-ßƒ F∂p ]d-™m¬ Hcp ÿmbw

AYhm k©mcw F∂¿∞-am-°mw. ct≠m

aqt∂m kzc-ßƒ tN¿∂ sNdnb k©m-c-am-Xr-I-

Iƒ Hcp {]tXyI mhsØ tZymXn-∏n-°m≥ t]m∂-

h-bm-bn-cn-°pw. C°q-´-Øn¬ ]eXpw B ÿmb-

tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn, AXn-\n-W-ßp∂ Iptd kzc-ßfpw

tN-cp-tºmƒ Hcp kºq¿Æ cmKw kwPm-X-am-hp-

∂p. AsX-ß-s\-sb∂p t\m°mw.

""Xpbn-ep-W-cq, Xpbn-ep-Wcq

{ioIrjvWm Xpbn-ep-Wcq

- 68 -


Imen-Isf ta®p \S∂

{ioIrjvWm Xpbn-ep-Wcq''

F∂ ]gb Xpbn-ep-W¿Øp ]mńs‚ ÿmb-

Øn¬ s]md-\o-cns‚ BZy-cq]w \mw Is≠-Øp-

∂p. ]q¿Δmw-K-Ønse B k©m-csØ D-Ø-cmw-K-

Øn¬ Bh¿Øn-®m¬ B cmKw kºq¿Æ-am-hpw.

B k{º-Zmbw {]mNo-\-am-Wv. imkv{X-bp-‡-am-Wv.

]≠-sØ kma-Km-\-cmKw kºq¿Æ-am-bXpw Aß-

s\-bm-Wv. Chn-sSbpw AX-ß-s\-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

AtX-t]mse ""FØp-an-t∏mƒ s]m≥a-Itf''

F∂ "ImcnI' Xmf-Øn¬ Nn´-s∏´ Ieym-W-∏m-

ń¬ ae-l-cn-cm-K-Øns‚ kzcq]w A¥¿eo-\-am-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. kmth-cn, kucm-jv{Sw, amf-h-Kufw

XpSßn ]e cmK-ßfpw {ItaW cq]w {]m]n-®n-cn-

°-Ww. Hmtcm cmK-Øns‚ hf¿®bv°pw ]‰nb

Hcp apJy-ÿm-bhpw (kzc-k-©mcw) Poh-kz-chpw

Cu ]m´p-Iƒ hgn Ahbv°p ]I¿∂p Inń-bn-cn-

°-Ww.

taep-≤-cn-®-Xp-t]mse F{Xtbm DZm-l-c-W-

ßƒ ]gb ]m´p-I-fpsS ioep-I-fn¬ Hfn®p InS-∏p-

≠v. Xs∂-bp-a-√, Hcp ]mt´m iotem ]e coXn-

bn¬ ]e Zn°n¬ ]mSm\pw Hcp {]tZ-iØv Hcp

{]tXyI tafw-am{Xw ]pe-cm\pw, B {]tXyI taf-

Øns‚ P\y-Øn¬ am{Xw hf-sc-b-[nIw a´p-Ifpw

]m´p-Ifpw P\n-°m\pw, ]e-t∏mgpw ]m´p-Iƒ Hcp

ÿmbn-bn¬am{Xw HXpßn-°q-Sm\pw, B ]m´p-I-

fn¬ Ka-I-ßƒ Ipd-bm\pw, DSp°v XpS-ßnb hmZy-

ß-fpsS [z\n ]m´p-I-fn¬ h∂p-Iq-Sm\pw a‰pw ]e

Imc-W-ßfpw D≠v F∂v Npcp°n ]d-bmw.

]pcm-X-\-{Zm-hnU kwKoXw

Aß-s\ ]gb ]m´p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw CW-

ßp∂ hmZy-®n-´-I-fn-eq-sSbpw tIc-f-kw-KoXw Hcp

imkv{Xo-b-]-≤-Xn-bmbn Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ cq]m-¥-

c-s∏-ń-cn-°-Ww. {]kvXpX kwKoXw ]pcm-X-\-{Zm-

hnU kwKo-X-Øn-s‚-Xs∂ Hcp `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Hcp {]tXyI mjsb C∂p Ipdn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw

"Xangv' F∂ ]Z-Øn-\v, tIhew `mj-sb∂

kmam\y A¿∞w am{Xta A∂p≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.

Cu kwKo-X-Øns‚ hy‡hpw hym]-I-hp-amb

cq]w Nne-∏-Xn-Im-cw, sXm¬Im-∏nbw XpS-ßnb

kwL-Im-e-Ir-Xn-Ifnepw hymJym-\-ß-fnepw Is≠-

Ømw. tUm. hmkp-tZ-h-s∏-Xp-hm-fns‚ `mj-bn¬

]d-™m¬ ""The early music of Travancore may besaid to be the same as pictured in the III canto ofSilapathikaram''. A°m-esØ Ie-Isf ˛ kwKo-

XsØ {]tXy-In®pw ka-{K-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂

Imhy-am-W-Xv. k]vX kzc-ßƒ, 22 {ipXn-Iƒ,

]msse AYhm {Kma-ßfpw taf-ßfpw, 103 ]Ïƒ

AYhm cmK-ßƒ, Xndw, Xnc-Øn-dw, kzcm-¥cw

XpS-ßnb HuU-h-˛-jm-U-h-˛-N-Xp-kzc sshhn-[y-

ßƒ, ]mWn, Xq°v F∂o Xmf kt¶-X-ßƒ, hcn,

]mhmcw apX-emb Km\-ßƒ, \mep-Xcw hmZy-ßƒ,

]Xn-t\m-cm-S¬, NmIym¿ IqØv, Bbv®n-bm¿,

Ipcssh XpS-ßnb \rØ-ßƒ F∂n-ßs\ H´\-

h[n Iem-Im-cy-ßƒ AXn-sem-Xp-ßp-∂p-≠v.

ssP\- -_u-≤-kzm-[o-\X

{InkvXph¿j-Øns‚ BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬,

{]kvXpX kwKo-XsØ Z£n-tW-¥y-bn¬ ]S¿∂p

Ib-dnb ssP\-_u-≤-aX {]Nm-c-I-cpsS kwKo-X-

ssien hfscb[nIw kzm[o-\n-®p. hniz-ssa-{Xn,

Zb XpS-ßnb \n¿Ωe `mh kn≤m-¥-ßsf a[pc

\mZw hgn ssIImcyw sNbvXp-h∂ {]kvXpX aX-

{]-Nm-c-I-cpsS kwKo-X-am-[y-asØ am{X-a-√, aX-aq-

ey-ß-tfbpw Xan-gv\mSpw tIc-fhpw AwKo-I-cn-®p.

cmPm-°-∑m¿hsc Ah-bpsS {]Nm-c-I-cm-bn. ]n∂o-

Sp≈ A©n-e-[nIw \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ B aX-ß-fp-

sSbpw kwKo-X-Øn-s‚bpw {]`m-h-Im-e-am-bn-cp-∂p.

B hmgvNbv°v De-®n-te¬°p-∂Xv Hcp sImSp-¶m-

‰p-t]mse sslμ-h-kw-kv°mcw ho≠pw DW¿∂p

hoin-b-t∏m-gm-Wv. AXns‚ i‡n-bn¬ a‰p c≠p

aX-ßfpw £bn-®p. ]t£ Ah-cpsS {]Nm-c-W-am-

[y-a-ß-fm-bn-cp∂ kwKo-X-\r-Øy-aq-ey-ßsf \in-

∏n-°m≥ sslμ-h¿°v Ign-™n-√. Xs∂-b-√, Ah-

- 69 -


cpsS {]uV-`-‡nbpw hc≠ aX-{]-Nm-cW {]`m-

j-W-ßfpw P\-km-am\yw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-

s√∂pw ssP\-_u-≤-cpsS a[p-c-am-[y-asØ DS-

s®-dn-bm-\m-hn-s√∂pw IqsS a\- n-em-b-t∏mƒ

AtX D]m-[n -Xs∂ Ahcpw Ah-ew-_n-®p.

AXns‚ ASn-sbm-gp°v Ggmw \q‰m-≠nse

"tXhmcw Xncp-hm-bvsamgn' XpS-ßnb ssih-ssh-

jvW-h-a-X-kw-Ko-X-Øn¬ Is≠-Øp-Ibpw sNømw.

tXhm-cw, Xncp-hm-bvsam-gn, Xncp-Aƒ]m XpS-

ßnb ‡n-Km-\-ßƒ ]gw-Im-e-kw-Ko-X-Ønse 103

]¨ AYhm cmK-ß-fn¬Ø-s∂-bmWv Nn´ G‰Xv.

Bi-bw, ssien, kwKo-X-in-ev]w, Bhn-jv°-cWw

F∂n-h-bn-sem-s°-Øs∂ Ahbv°v kzXxkn≤-

amb Hcp am[p-cyhpw hy‡n-Xz-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

tUm. hmkp-tZhs∏mXp-hm-fns‚ `mj-bn¬ ]d-

™m¬ “The composers of these religious hymns haveshowed an admirable instinct for form, grace and colour,sweetness and spiritual emotion and they have left forposterity, gems of spontaneous songs, mellifluous andwell balanced, with a diction, having a delicate beauty

of sound and a mounting and piercing melody whichgoes straight into the hearts of men.” (Travancore StateManual Vol. IV. p 555)

tIc-f-Ønepw

{ZmhnUtZi-ß-fn-sem-∂mb tIc-f-Ønepw

AtX kn≤m¥ßƒXs∂ {]h¿Øn-®p. {Ita-W,

B kwKoXw Bcy-t£-{X-ß-fnepw kwkv°m-c-

Ønepw kw{I-an-°m≥ XpS-ßn. Bcm-[-\m-th-f-I-

fn¬ kwkvIr-X-th-Z-]m-cm-b-W-ß-tfm-sSm∏w

{ZmhnU Km\-ßƒ°pw ÿm\w Iev]n-°-s∏- p. D -

b-th-Zm-¥-k-¶¬]w \ne-hn¬h-∂p. ssZ\w-Zn\

]qP-I-fnepw a‰v ASn-b-¥n-c-ß-fnepw hnti-jm-h-

k-c-ß-fnepw B k¶¬]w kPo-h-am-bn. "Cuiz-c-

kw-lnX' XpS-ßnb BKaim-kv{X-ßƒ Ah-bpsS

hn\n-tbm-K-ßƒ°p hn[n I¬]n-®p.

NXpx-j-jvSn-Im-amZymw {ZmanUow kvXpXnapØamw

Km]-tbZv sshjvW-h-kvssXss{Xx

hmZymt¥ Znt\ Znt\.

(Cu-iz-c-kw-lnX XII-246)

- 70 -


"A∏¿' XpS-ßnb ssih-k-∂ym-kn-I-fp-

tSbpw, "s]cn Bƒhm¿' XpS-ßnb sshjvW-h-`-

‡-cp-tSbpw `‡n kwKo-X-Øns‚ hmgvN-bmWv

Xan-gv\m-ń¬ ]n∂o-S-tßm-´v. `mjm--t`Zw D≠m-bn-

cp-s∂-¶nepw tIc-f-Ønepw AX-ß-s\-Xs∂ Bbn-

cp-∂p. Xs∂-bp-a-√, B`y-¥-c-e-l-f-I-fp-sSbpw amen-

°m-^-dns‚ B{I-a-W-ß-fp-sSbpw a‰pw sISp-Xn-

bn¬s] v CS-°m-eØv Hcev]w £oW-ta-s‰-¶nepw,

tNmf-cm-Pm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw \mZ-ap-\n-bp-sSbpw a‰pw

\nXm-¥-{]-b-Xv\-ß-fpsS ê-am-bn´v, `‡n-kw-

KoXw Z£n-tW-¥y-bn¬ BsIØs∂ ]q¿Δm-

[nIw DtØ-P\w t\SpIbpam-bn-cp-∂p. XpS¿∂p≈

]X-n\mepw ]Xn-\©pw \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ t£{X-kw-

Ko-XsØ G‰hpw hf¿®-bn-se-Øn® Ime-ambn

amdn. tIc-f-t£-{X-Ønepw, Xan-gv\m-ń-se-t∏mse

sImń-∏m-Sn-t -h-°m¿°pw \mSy-I-em-Im-c¿°pw

hmZy-°m¿°pw kwJym-_ew IqSn. {Zmhn-U-tZ-i-

ßƒ Ht´sd t£{X-I-em-Im-c-∑msc ]c-kv]cw

ssIam-dn. cmP-cm-P-tNm-f-t‚-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw,

X©m-hq¿ _rl-±o-iz-c≥ tImhn-en¬s∏-´-Xp-amb

Hcp Xangv inem-im-k-\-Øn¬ B t£{X-Øn¬

tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-cp∂ 400 t£{X-I-em-Im-c-∑m-

cpsS t]cv, ÿm\-am-\w, sXmgn¬, hnem-kw,

thX\w F∂nh sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. Ah-cn¬ ]Ip-

Xn-bn-e-[n-Ihpw tIc-fob-cmWv. hmZy-am-cm-b≥,

DSpss° amcm-b≥, sImń-a-Ø-f≥, K‘¿Δ≥,

K‘¿Δn-I-c-W-hn-Zym-[-cn, IqØ≥ XpS-ßnb Iem-

Im-c-∑m-cpsS Hcp \o≠ ]ń-I-bm-W-Xv. Ip´≥, am[-

h≥, A∏n, A—≥, tXhn, amWn-°-Ø-Ω, I≠n-

bp-cn, NotX-hn, \ºn, \ss¶, \ss¶-b-Ω, Nn{X≥,

tIi-h≥, IqØ≥, Ifcn A—≥, tKmhn-μ≥, Zmtam-

Z-c≥ XpS-ßnb hy‡n-I-fpsS t]cv, sXmgn¬, thX-

\w, hnemkw XpS-ßn-bh sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬

\n∂pw A-h-sc√mw tIc-fo-b-cm-sW∂p a\- n-em-

°mw.

Ic-W-hn-Zym-[-cn, Km‘¿Δn F∂o ]Z-ß-sf-

°p-dn®v FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. "Ic-W-hn-Zym-[cn'

F∂ hm°v ]e-X-c-Øn¬ hymJym-\n-°-s∏-ń-´p-

≠v. "IcW'sa∂ \rØ-apd Adn -bp -∂-hƒ

F∂sXm∂v; RmWn-t∑¬I-fn-t]m-se-bp≈ ico-

cm- ymkw sNøp-∂-hƒ "Ig-°q-ØmSn' F∂p Xan-

gn¬ ]dbpw ˛ F∂Xv as‰mcp hymJym\w; Bdp-

amkw {]mb-ap≈ Bń≥Ip-ń -bpsS XpI¬

s]mXn™ hmZyw hmbn-°p-∂-hƒ F∂Xp aq∂m-

asØ A¿∞w. C°m-eØv Xmf-°q´w am{Xw hmbn-

°p∂ Iem-Im-cn-bmbn cq]m-¥-c-s∏´p \n¬°p∂

tIc-fob hmZy-°m-cn, Hcp Ime-Øv, N¿Ω-hm-Zyhpw

hmbn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xn\p sXfn-hm-Wn-Xv. AP¥m

Kpl-I-fn¬ N¿Ω-hm-Zy-°m-cn-I-fmb Iem-Im-cn-I-

fpsS Nn{X-ßƒ [mcm-f-ap-≠v. ssP\-˛-_u-≤-a-X-

{]-Nm-c-I-tcm-sSm∏w tIc-f-Øn-se-Ønb ]mc-º-cy-

amImw AXv. \ºym-cpsS Xp≈-en¬ N¿Ω-hm-Zy-

hm-ZInamcpsS ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. Cu ]mc-ºcyw \ne-

®-sX-∂m-sWt∂m F¥p-sIm-≠m-sWt∂m hy‡-

a-√. AtX-t]mse "K‘¿hn' F∂ ]ZsØ Ncn-

{Xm-Xo-X-Imew tZh-k-am-\-I-fmb Iem-Im-cn-

Isf°pdn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sh-¶nepw Ncn-{Xhpw

inem-im-k-\-ß-fp-sa√mw B ]ZsØ KoXw, hmZyw,

\rXyw Ch aq∂pw AXn-hn-Z-Kv≤-ambn ssIImcyw

sNøp∂hƒ F∂ kmam-\y-amb A¿∞-Øn-emWv

{]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂p tXm∂p-∂p. ]pcm-W-

ßfpw A]vk-c- p-I-sfbpw K‘¿Δ-scbpw Cuiz-

c-cm°n Iev]n-®n-ń-√. aem-bf ktμ-i-Im-hy-ß-

fnepw a‰pw K‘¿Δ\pw K‘¿Δn-Ifpw Znhy-kz-cq-

]-ap-≈-h-cm-b-Xv, Cuiz-cmwiw D≈-Xn-\m-emtWm

Cuiz -cm -cm -[ -\m -] -c -amb "Xucy - {XnI Ie

ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-h¿' Bb-Xn-\m-emtWm F∂v

I≠p-]n-Sn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

tkm]m\ kwKoXw cq]w sIm≈p-∂p.

ta¬∏d™ t£{X-kw-KoX {]`m-h-Im-e-

Øm-bn-cn-°-Ww, tImhn¬∏m-´mbn ]pe¿∂n-cp∂

kwKoXw tkm]m-\ -ambn Dcp -Øn -cn -™-Xv .

tkm]m\w F∂ ]Zw t£{X-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w

Ipdn-°p-∂p. Xan-gv\m- nse t£{X-ß-fn¬ tXhmcw

]c-º-c-bmbn ssIImcyw sNbvXp-h∂ ""Xncp-ss°-

- 71 -


sImń'' F∂ Kmb-I-kw-L-Øn-s‚bpw Ah¿

\n∂p ]mSnb Xncp-ss°-sImń aWvU-]-Øn-

s‚bpw ae-bm-f-]-cym-b-am-bn-cn°mw ""sImń-∏mSn

tkh-°mcpw'' Ah¿ \n∂ "tkm]m-\-a-WvU]'hpw.

inh-kw-_-‘n-bmb "tXhmcw' "HmXp-hm-°ƒ'

]mSn-b-t∏mƒ, sshjvW-h-Km-b-I-cmb "Assc-b¿'

"Xncp-hmbv samgn-Iƒ' ]mSn BSn. tIc-f-Øn¬

amcm¿ F∂ {]tXy-I-Km-b-I¿ B tkh\w ssih-

ssh-jvW-h-t`-Z-an-√msX A\p-jvTn-®p.

ChnsS Hcp Imcyw FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.

Nne-∏-Xn-Im-chpw \mSy-im-kv{Xhpw apJyX

sImSpØv hnh-cn® \mSy-kw-Ko-X-am-bmepw icn,

tXhm-cw, Xncp-hmbvsamgn, sImń-∏mSn tkh XpS-

ßnb tZh-Im-cy-kw-Ko--X-am-bmepw icn, F√mw

KoXw, hmZyw, \rXyw F∂ Iem-{X-b-Øn¬ A[n-

jvTn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. kp{]-kn≤ t£{X-ß-fn-se-

√mwXs∂ KoX-hm-Zy-ßƒ°p ]pdta \S-\hpw Hcp

tkhm-hn-[n-bmbncp∂p. "KoXw ka¿∏-bman',

"hmZyw ka¿∏-bman', "\rXyw AYhm \mSyw

ka¿∏-bman' F∂v AI-Øn-cp-∂p-sIm≠v X{¥n

\n¿t±-in-°p-tºmƒ ]pdØv Cuiz-c-k-∂n-[n-bn¬

t£{X-I-em-Im-c¿, Ahsb Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-am-bn-

cp-∂p. AXp-Iq-Sm-sX, t£{X-Km-b-I¿ tXhmcw XpS-

ßn-bh ]mSn hew-h®p hcp-tºmƒ tZh-Zm-kn-Itfm

\mSym-Nm-cy-∑mtcm HmXp-hm-°tfm Ah-bpsS A`n-

\-bhpw Xmf-s®m-√p-Ifpw a‰pw {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-am-bn-

cp-∂p. HmXp-hm-apd C∂pw XpS-cp-∂p. tIc-f-Ønepw

Ch-sb√mw \S-∂n-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xn-\p, ]e {KŸ-

ßfpw sXfn-hm-Wv. \mSyw Fs∂m-cwiw sImń-

∏mSn tkh-bn¬ C∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠-t√m.

tIc-f-Ønse t£{X-\-S-\-ßsf {]Xn-]m-Zn-

°p-∂-Xpw, A]q¿Æambn am{Xw F\n°p e`n-®n-

´p-≈-Xp-amb Hcp Xmfn-tbm-e-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ ""\rØ-

Xm-fmZn'' F∂mWv t]cv ˛ \hk‘n \S-\-Øns‚

hnh-cWw sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. Iq´-Øn-sem∂v {_“-

k‘n \S-\-am-Wv.

{_“Xmf-an-tXm-NytX

{_“-Xm-fw, \njm-Z-kz-cw, taL-cm-Kw,

Ia-em-h¿Ø\ \rØw,

AWvU- aWvUe tImSn `mkvI-c˛

\m`n ]¶P hnjvTpcw

AWvU-aWvUNcmNcm-Jn-e˛

tZh-cm-£-k-krPv hn`pw

`qcn-Im-©\ hk\ hmc-W˛

- 72 -


lwk NnØ NXp¿apJw

t`cn a±f apch’¿’-cn˛

{_“-Xm-f-anZw alXv''

\n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ Cu GSns‚ H´pap°m¬

`mKhpw Po¿Æn-®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ipd-™Xv

Hc™qdp h¿jsØ ]g-°hpw ImW-Ww.

KoX tKmhnμw

ta¬ {]kvXm-hn® t£{X-]m-c-ºcyw Gsd-

°mew \o≠p-\n-∂p. AXns‚ N´-°q-Sn\p am‰w

hcp-∂Xv KoX-tKm-hn-μ-Øns‚ hc-thm-sS-bm-Wv. Pb-

tZ-hs‚ {]kvXpX irwKm-c- -‡n-\m-Sy-Imhyw tIc-

f-Ønse kwKo-X-\r-Xym-Zn-I-fn¬ sNep-Ønb

kzm[o-\X A¤p-Xm-h-l-amWv. s]mXp-hm-fns‚

`mj-bn¬, “It caused modifications in the sentiment ofthe music and drumming and in the elaboration of dress-ing, and of the changes in the subject, sentiment andmethod, developed the distinctive krishnanattam whichreached its fullest development in the 14th century.””(State Manual, Vol IV p. 549) AtX-°p-dn®v Ip™≥

cmP ]d-bp-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv:

“Krishnanattam was as adaptation of Jayadeva’sGita Govindam. The general structure of Kathakali ismore like Jayadeva’s Ashtapadi than any thing else.” (IIof Music Academy, 1958).

tÃ‰v am\p-h-ens‚ A`n-{]m-bhpw as‰m-∂-

√. “This music style which was later on adopted in themusic of Kathakali by Veera Kerala Varma Raja, on thewhole, had a strangeness added to beauty, modelledafter Jayadeva’s Ashtapadi” (State Manual Vol. IV, p.557)

B¥-cn-I- -‡nbpw _mly-irw-Km-chpw F∂

tbmKm-fl-I-kz-`m-hhpw a[pc`‡nbpw am‰n \n¿-

Øn-bm¬ \mSy-im-kv{Xhpw AXns‚ ktlm-Z-cn-

I-fmb kwL-Im-e-Ir-Xn-Ifpw {]Xn-]m-Zn® kn≤m-

¥-ß-fp-sS-Xs∂ Hcp ]n¬°me cq]-amWv KoX-

tKm-hn-μ-Ønse \mSy-kn-≤m-¥-ßfpw kwKo-X-ssi-

en -bp -sa∂p a\- n -em -°mw. Xucy - {Xn -I -

Øn¬Øs∂ AXpw thcp-d-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂p Npcp-

°w. B t]cn\v Pe-tk-N\w \n¿Δ-ln-®p-sIm-≠p-

X-s∂-bmWv tIcf t£{Xhpw cwK-a-WvU-]hpw

AXns\ AwKo-I-cn-®Xpw tIc-fo-b-am-°n-b-Xpw.

]t£ Xucy-{XnI k¶-ev]-Ønse \rØw F∂

AwisØ Hgnhm-°n-s°m-≠p≈ hf¿®-bmWv

I¿Æm-SI kwKo-XsØ It®-cn-∏m-´m-°n-Øo¿Ø-

Xv. c≠p kwKo-X-ß-fp-tSbpw auen-I-amb hyXym-

khpw AXp-X-s∂. B hyXymkw hcm≥ Hcp

ImcWw c≠n-s‚bpw e£yw c≠m-sW-∂p-≈-Xm-

Wv. \rXyw AwK-am-°nb tIcf kwKo-X-Øns‚

]c-a-e£yw `mh-{]-Im-i-\-am-Wv. \rXyw hn´p

hf¿∂ It®cn kwKo-X-Øns‚ e£yw t£m`-

\n-b-{¥-Whpw, kwKo-Xm-\p- q-Xn-bpw. B hyXymkw

Ka-Iw, {ipXn, cmK-cq-]o-I-c-Ww, Xmfw XpS-ßnb

kt¶-X-ßsf shtΔ-d-bm-bn´v AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m\pw Ahsb t{]cn-∏n-®n- p-≠v. AsX-

ß-s\-sb∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

tkm]m\w F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ

tkm]m\w F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ sXm´p

XpS-ßmw. tkm]m\w F∂ hm°n\v Iev]-S-

sbt∂m GWn-sbt∂m A¿∞w Iev]n-°mw. ]pXp-

t°mSv kZm-in-h-am-cm-cm-ims‚ mj-bn¬ kl+D]

+B\w = tkm]m-\w. kl F∂p sh®m¬ IqsS:

D] F∂p-sh-®m¬ ]qPm]q¿Δw; B\w F∂p

sh®m¬ Ka-\w. AXm-bXv _lp-am-\-]q¿Δw Ib-

dp-Ibpw Cd-ßp-Ibpw sNøp∂ I¬∏-S. i_vZ-Xm-

cm -h -en -°m -c≥ A¿∞w \n¿t± -in -°p -∂Xv

k+D]+B\w = tkm]m\w F∂-t{X. CXn≥{]-

Im-cw, apI-fn¬ t]mIm-\p≈ t{iWn AYhm

am¿§w, AXm-bXv tam£-{]m-]vXn-°p≈ am¿§w

F∂p Iev]n-°mw. C\n as‰mcp hymJym\w:

kl+D]-bm\w = tkm]m-\w. kl F∂ ]Z-Øn\v

im¥n-]q¿Δw, £am-]q¿Δw F∂ A¿∞hpw D≠v.

"D]-bm\w' F∂-Xn\p t]mhp-Ibpw Xncn®p hcn-

Ibpw sNøpI F∂v A¿∞hpw I¬]n-°mw.

- 73 -


At∏mƒ im¥n-]q¿Δw Ib-dp-Ibpw Cd-ßp-Ibpw

sNøm-\p≈ Hcp t{iWn F∂mbn Chn-SsØ

A¿∞w. B ]ZsØ kwKo-X-Øns‚ shfn-®-

Øn¬ hymJym-\n-®m¬ Hcp Kmb-I≥ kam-

[m\]q¿Δw AYhm `‡n-]q¿Δw am{Xw Btcm-

ln-°pIbpw Ah-tcm-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kzc-

t{iWn F∂p kn≤n-°p-∂p. P¿Ω≥ kwKo-X-

⁄¿ CXns\ note ladder F∂p-Xs∂ hnfn-°p∂p.

I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Ønse cmKm-em-]-\hpw hn\ym-

khpw kzc-{I-a-Øn-eqsSØs∂ Ib-dn-bn-d-ßp-I-

bm-sW-¶nepw c≠n\pw XΩn¬ {]I-S\-Øn¬

hyXym-k-ap-≠v. tkm]m-\-Øn¬ cmKm-em-]\w

s]mXpth Xmf-_-≤-am-Wv. AXv CS-bv°-bp-sStbm

Ce-Øm-f-Øn-s‚tbm sImń-\-\p-k-cn®v, Hcp cmK-

Øns‚ ÿmbn-kz-c-Øn¬\n∂v AXns‚ Iogvkz-

csØ A\p-kz-c-am°ns°m≠v ASpØ kzc-Øn-

te°v kw{I-an-°p-I-bpw, ÿmbn-kz-c-Øn-te°p aS-

ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXp Ign-™m¬ AtX {Ia-

Øn¬, c≠mw kzc-Øn-te°v AXp \oßp-Ibpw

aS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]ns∂ aq∂mw kzc-Øn-

te°v. Aßs\ Hcp cmK-Ønse kzc-ßƒ apgp-

h≥ Hs∂m∂m-bn, ÿmbn-bmbn, AYhm \ne-

bmbn Ibdn Cdßn AYhm ASn-ÿm-\-ambn

Iev]n-®v, Be-]n®v Bem-]\w kºq¿Æ-am-°p-

∂p.

I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Øn¬ CØcw cmKm-em-

]\w Xmf-_-≤-a-√. ]t£, lnμp-ÿm-\n-bnse

cmKm-em-]-\m-co-Xn°v CXn-t\mSp kmZr-iy-ap-≠v.

"[n≥, [n≥' F∂n-ßs\ \mep-\m-embn hogp∂

X_-e-s°m-ń-s\m-∏n®v AhnsS cmKhpw ]Zhpw

hn\ym-khpw P\n-°p-∂p, hf-cp-∂p, hne-bn-°p-∂p.

tkm]m\kwKoXw ÿmbn-am¿§ kwKo-X-

am-Wv. Cu kwKo-X-Øn\p ]e hymJym-\-ßfpw

D≠v. tam£sØ ÿmbn-bm°n e£y-am-°n-s°m-

≠p≈ kwKoXw F∂v kmam-\ym¿∞w. s]mXpth

tkm]m-\-∏m-ń¬ Hcp cmKw ]e-t∏mgpw Hcp

ÿmbn-bn¬ Ihn™p k©-cn-°m-dn-√. `mh-Øn-

\p-]-‰nbXpw kpK-a-am-b-Xp-amb ÿmbnbv°p

am{Xta AXn¬ {]k-‡n-bp≈q. B ]cn-an-Xnsb

IW-°m°n "ÿmbn --am¿§w' F∂p ]d -

™Xmhm\pw aXn. aq∂m-asØ hymJym\w Ipd-

®p-IqSn kmc-h-Øm-Wv. Xmb-ºI XpS-ßnb taf-

ß-fn¬ Hmtcm Ime-ß-sfbpw ÿmbn-bm-bn, \ne-

bmbn, kzoI-cn-®v, Ah-bn¬ Cc-ńbpw hI-Ifpw

sIm´m-dp-≠-t√m. AtX-t]mse Hcp cmK-Ønse

Hmtcm kzc-tØbpw ÿmbn-bm-bn, \ne-bmbn

kzoI-cn®v AXn¬ \n¿Øn-∏m-Sp-Ibpw hn\ymkw

sNøp-Ibpw sNøp∂ am¿§sØ AYhm {]h-W-

Xsb ]n≥]-‰p∂ kwKoXw F∂ A¿∞-am-W-Xv.

{ipXn kzcq]w

tkm]m -\ -Øns‚ as‰mcp hy‡nXzw

AXns‚ {ipXn-kz-cq-]-Øn-em-sW∂v B‰q-cm-Nm-

cy\pw kZm-in-h-am-cmcpw ]d-™Xv icn-bm-sW∂p

tXm∂p-∂p. I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Øn¬ 22 {ipXn-

Itf D≈p-sh∂p ]d-bp-sa-¶nepw, 12 kzc-ßƒ°v

Cuc≠p hoXw BsI {ipXn-Iƒ 24 BsW-∂mWv

Ah-cpsS ]£w. ]t£ am¿§ kwKo-Xm-h-ew-_n-

bmb tkm]m-\-Øn¬ 22 {ipXn-I-fm-sW∂v Ah¿

]d-bm-dp-≈Xv A\p- -h-Øn¬ icn-bm-sW-∂p-Xs∂

tXm∂p-∂p.

sh¶n-S-aJn 16 kzc-t∏-cp-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p-s≠-

¶nepw BsI 12 kzc-ÿm-\-ßƒ am{Xta ÿqe-

am-bn- p-≈q-sh-∂mWv s]mXpth A`n-{]m-bw. ]t£

kZm-in-h-am-cm¿ tkm]m-\-Øn¬ 14 kzc-ßƒ

Ds≠∂v hmZn-°p-∂p. tkm]m-\-Øn¬ A[n-I-ambn

Hcp Km‘m-chpw \njm-Zhpw [z\n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-

≠mWt±lw Aßs\ ]d-bp -∂-X v . Fs‚

s{]m^ -dm-bn-cp∂ e£vao-\m-cm-b-W≥ \mb¿

A[n-I-∏-‰mb Km‘m-c-sØbpw \njm-Z-sØbpw

ssIc-fo-Km-‘m-c-sa∂pw ssIc-fo-\n-jm-Z-sa∂pw

hnfn®v Rm≥ tIń-´p-≠v. Nne {ipXn-Isf kq£va-

ambn ]nSn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v, Ahbv°p aq¿—bpw

hy‡n-Xzhpw kzc-ÿm-\-kz-`m-hhpw tXm∂p-sa-

¶nepw Ah c≠pw, Km‘m-c-\n-jm-Z-ß-fpsS hnIm-

- 74 -


c-ambn IW-°m-°p-I-bm-bn-cn°pw DØ-aw. B c≠p

aq¿Om-{ip-Xn-Ifpw kzcw-t]mse \n-g-en-°p∂ ]m´p-

Iƒ tkm]m-\-Øn¬ F{Xtbm D≠v. ]gb Nne

AΩm-\-∏m- p-Iƒ DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. I¿Æm-SI

kwKo-X-Øn¬ KaIw hgn am{Xw kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂

B {ipXn-[z-\n-Iƒ Cu ]m´p-I-fn¬ angn-hp≈ kzc-

ÿm-\-ßƒt]mse [z\n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-W-Xv.

AtX-t]m-se, ssIc-fo-\n-jmZw F∂p

hnti-jn-°-s∏-Sp∂ \njmZw sX°≥ Xncp-hn-Xmw-

Iq-dn-em-Wv IqSp-X¬ tIń-cp-∂-Xv. "Cc-hn-Ip-ń-∏n-

≈t∏m'cn¬ F{Xtbm DZm-l-c-W-ß-fp-≠v. Npcp-

ń-cm-K-Ønse \njm-ZsØ kq£va-ÿm-\Øv

\n¿Øn _ew-sIm-SpØp ]mSp-∂-]£w Cu \njm-

Z-ÿm\w [z\n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv.

tkm]m-\-Øns‚ as‰mcp {]tXy-I-X, ÿmb-

ß-fpsS hyh-ÿ-bn-em-Wv. \mtSm-Sn-∏m-´p-I-fpsS

kwKo-X-sØ-∏‰n ]d-™-t∏mƒ Ah-bn¬ [z\n-

°p∂ {][m-\-kz-c-sØbpw AXns\ B{i-bn®v

GXm\pw kzc-ßƒ tN¿sØ-Sp-°p∂ ÿmb-sØ-

bpw-]‰n ]d-™p. ]q¿Æ-X-bn-se-Ønb cmK-ß-

fnepw CØcw Nne {]tXy-I-ÿm-b-ßƒ am{Xw

A\p-kyqXw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-Im-Wmw. Hcp

cmK-Ønse CØcw B[m-c-ÿmbw Hcp {]tXy-

I- m-hsØ tZymXn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. B mhw

{]I-S-am-t°≠ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ B ÿm-bw-am{Xw

kZm [z\n-∏n-®p-sIm≠v _m°n-bp-≈-hsb t\cn-

b-Xmbn am{Xw {]Im-in-∏n-°p-Itbm hn´p-I-f-bp-

Itbm sNøp∂ Hcp {]h-W-X-bm-W-Xv. tIc-f-Øn-

se -t∏mse lnμp -ÿm\n kwKo -X -Ønepw

CuÿmbØn\p {]m[m\yw D≠v. AXn¬ CXn\v

AwKw F∂p ]d-bpw. Hcp cmK-Ip-Spw-_-Ønse

F√m AwK-ßƒ°pw (P-\y -ßƒ°pw) Cu

ÿmbw Poh-ÿm-b-am-bn-cn-°pw. h¿Ω, Ipdp∏v

Fs∂ms° ÿm\-t∏cp-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se.

Cu {]h-W-Xsb \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Hcp cmK-

Ønse ]e k©m-c-ß-tfbpw Hcp {]tXyI

kμ¿`-Øns‚ ˛ ck-Øns‚ ˛ ]Zm-em-]-\-bn¬

Kmb-I≥ hntS-≠n-h-cpw. AXv Hcp cmK-Ønse Nne

kzc-ßsf hn´p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Imc-W-am-hp-∂p. B

\bw {]h-W-X-bmbn tkm]m-\-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-

°p-∂p. Hcp cmK-Ønse CS kzc-ßsf hn´pw-

sIm≠v "]'bn¬\n∂p "k'bn -te -t°m,

"a'bn¬\n∂pw "k'bn-tet°m hgpXn hogp∂ coXn

AXn¬ km[m-c-W-am-Wv. ]mSn, L≠mcw XpS-

ßnb cmK-ß-fn¬ {]tXy-In-®pw.

Cu hn´p-]n-Sn-°¬ ÿmbn-\n-_-‘-\bv°v

Imc-W-am-hp-∂p. Nne {]tXyI ]Z-ß-fpsS ÿmbn-

`m-h-Øn\p a{μ-ÿm-bntbm a{μa-[y-ÿm-bntbm

Bbn-cn°pw A\p-tbm-Pyw. AtX-t]m-se, a‰p

NneXn\p a[y-Xm-ctam Xmctam Bbn-cn°pw tbm-

Pn-°p-I.

kq£va kzc-{]-tbmKw

kq£va kzc-{]-tbmKw I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-

Ønepw Ds≠-¶nepw tkm]m-\-Øn¬ AXn\p

_mlpeyw IqSp-X-ep-≠v. Xs∂-b-√, Ieym-Wn,

tXmSn XpS-ßnb cmK-ß-fpsS kzc-ßƒ It®-cn-

bn¬ KaIw tN¿Øv Be-]n-°p-tºmƒ, tkm]m-

\-Øn¬ kq£va-ÿm-\Øv \n¿Øn-s°m-≠m-bn-

cn°pw {]tbm-Kn-°p-I. Xucy-{XnIw ]n≥]-‰p∂

kwKo-X-Øns‚ Hcp {]tXy-I-X-bm-W-Xv. am¿§

kwKoXw s]mń-hn-cn™ thZ-kw-Ko-Xw-sXm´v Cu

{]h-WX {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p. Hmtcm kzc-Øn\pw

Hcp \n¿±n -jvS -ÿm\w \¬Ins°m-≠mWv

kwKoXw A∂v Be-]n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. t£m`w {]I-Sn-

∏n-°m≥ i‡-amb Nne \mZ-ß-sf, "kvtXm`m-£-

c-ßƒ' F∂p t]cp-sIm-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]mepw

AXn¬ AwKo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. \mSy-im-kv{X-Im-eØv

B \mZ-ßƒ°v "cmKw' F∂ t]cp hoWp. cmK-

sa∂ t]cv C°m-esØ A¿∞-Øn-e√ A∂p-]-

tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-Xv. A\p-cmKw (a-\- n-\v), lcn-X-

cmKw (I-Æn-\v), cmK-jm-Uhw (\m-hn-\v) F∂n-

ßs\ ]t©-{μn-b-ßƒ°v cpNn-®-sX√mw A∂v

cmK-ßƒ F∂ s]mXp-t∏-cn¬ {]kn-≤-am-bn.

At∏mƒ tIƒhn°p cpNn® \mZhpw cmK-am-bn.

- 75 -


cmKw F∂ t]cp `c-X≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv Nne

{]tXyI kzc-ß-fpsS ck-kv^p-c-W-i-‡nsb

ap≥\n¿Øn-bm-Wv. "cmKw' F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-s´-

¶nepw, BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ IqSn-bm-´-Ønse "cmKw'

F∂ kt¶-Xw, AXn-kq-£va-ß-fmb `mh-\m-Z-

ßsf am{X-amWv Ipdn-®-sX∂p tXm∂p-∂p.

{ItaW B mh-\m-Z-ßƒ tkm]m-\-kw-Ko-X-Øn¬

kq£va-kz-c-{]-tbm-K-ß-fm-bn, `mhw Xo{h-am-°m-

\p≈ Hcp]m-[n-bmbn amdn. hnIm-c-kw-b-a\w ]cn-

]m-en® It®-cn-kw-Ko-X-Øn¬ AXns‚ Bh-iy-

an-√-t√m. Ka-I-ßƒ Ie¿Øn a[p-cna Iqń cmK-

ßƒ AhnsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

tkm]m-\-kw-Ko-X-Øns‚ as‰mcp {]tXy-IX

cmKm-em-]-\-Øn¬ CS-bv°n-Sbv°p tIƒ°m-dp≈

Hcp {]tXyI CuWhpw kzc-ßƒ°p sImSp-°p∂

hnd-bepw BWv. hnd-b¬ kwKo-X-Øns‚ ]g-asb

Ipdn-°p-∂p. CuWw kwkvIrX \mS-I-ß-fnse

t«mIw sNm√-en-t\m-Sp≈ _‘w ImWn-°p-∂p.

cmK- -Xm-f- -hmZy taJ-e-Iƒ

as‰√m taJ-e-sb-°mfpw hy‡n-Xz-ap-≈-

XmWv tkm]m-\-Ønse cmK-ta-J-e. tkm]m-\-kw-

Ko-X-Ønse cmK-ßƒ H´pap-°mepw ]gw-Ime

{Zmhn-U-kw-Ko-X-Øn¬ Is≠-Ømw. Ccp-f-Iu-in-

Iw, NoIm-h-cw, ]mSn, ]pd-\o-cp, Ipdn-©n, \m´ XpS-

ßnb F{Xtbm tIc-f -cm -K -ßƒ 103

]ÏpSw_Ønse AwK-ß-fmbn A‰-Ip-‰-ß-tfm-

sS-bm-sW-¶nepw C∂pw Ah-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

CØcw cmK-ßƒ \ΩpsS kwKo-X-Øn¬ am{X-

a√ b£-Km-\w, tXhm-cw, Xncp-∏p-I-gv, \mem-bnc

{]_-‘w, Nne t£{X-ß-fnse \h-k-‘n-\-S-\-

ßƒ XpSßn F{X-sb-{X-tbm- c-N-\-I-fn¬ \ng-

tUm. eoem HmwtNcn : tIc-fob kwKoX Kth-j-I. \nc-h[n {K‘-ßƒ

cNn-®n-´p-≠v.

en®p \n¬°p-∂p-≠v.

tkm]m-\-Øns‚ Xmf-tem-Ihpw A¤p-X-ß-

fpsS Hcp tiJ-c-am-Wv. I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Ønse

Xmf-]-≤-Xn-b-√, ]gw-Ime am¿§-Xmf ]≤-Xn-bmWv

C∂pw ChnsS {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. IqSmsX hrØ-

\n -_-‘-\-Isf A\p-k-cn -®p≈ Xmf-ßfpw

]pe-cp-∂p-≠v. I¿Æm-SIØn¬ eLp-hn\p ]e

kwJym-_-e-am-sW-¶n¬ ChnsS Ht∂bp-≈q. A\p-

{ZpXw AhnsS Nº-bn¬ am{X-am-sW-¶n¬ ChnsS

an° Xmf-ß-fnepw k¿Δ-km-[m-c-W-am-Wv. {]kn-

≤-amb Ggp Xmf-ßƒ IqSm-sX, ]e Xmf-ßfpw

]e-Xcw sshNn - {Xy -t` -Z -ß-tfmsS CXn¬

{]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p≠v. a¿Ω-Xm-fw, apS-°p-Xm-fw,

Imcn-I, _≤m-]Ww XpSßn ]e-Xpw. Xmf-°-W-

°n¬ i_vZhpw HcwK-am-Wv. Xs∂-b-√, sIm´p-

Iƒ°v Kpcp-e-LpXzw sImSpØp hyXymkw hcp-

Øp-∂Xpw Hcp {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. I¿Æm-S-I-Øn¬

Npcp-°-ambn am{Xw ImWp-∂-Xm-Wv CXv. t£{X-

ta-Je am{X-a√, \mSy-cwKw am{X-a-√, \mtSmSn taJ-

e-t]mepw ]e-Xcw Xmf-ß-fmepw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-

fmepw Kwò-chpw kº-∂-hp-am-Wv.

AXy¥w hy‡nXzw \nd-™-XmWv tkm]m-

\-Øns‚ hmZy-ta-J-e-bpw. c≠m-bncw h¿j-ß-fn-

e-[nIw {]mb-ap-≠m-bn´pw hm¿≤-Iy-ta¬°m-

ØXpw c-X-ap-\n-bpsS aqe-Ip-Spw-_-Ønse ]nd-∏p-

_-‘w hnSm-Ø-Xp-amb hmZy-ßƒ tIc-f-Øn\p

am{X-a-√, `mc-X-Øn\p am{X-a-√, temI-Øn-\p-

t]mepw Hcp apX¬°q-´m-Wv. ]pd-Ø-dn-bm-Ø-Xp-

sIm-≠p-am{Xw IpS-Ønse hnf-°m-bn, IpSn-hn-f-

°mbn an∂p∂ hmZy-ß-tfbpw taf-ß-tfbpw a‰p

temI-hp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ Npa-Xe

\ΩptSXmWv.

- 76 -


cta-i≥ Xºp-cm≥

IY-Ifn kwKo-X-Øns‚ hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ

GXv kwKo-XsØ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw

ÿe-Im-e-ßƒ A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Hcp kwKo-X-]-

≤-Xn-bpsS kz`mhw \n¿Æ-bn-°m≥ Cu c≠v am\-

Z -WvU-ßfpw IqSntb Xocq. ]Xn -s\´mw

\q‰m≠nse kwKoXw F∂p-]-d-™m¬ AXv

A]q¿Æ-am-sbmcp Bi-b-am-Wv. GXv tZisØ

kwKoXw F∂p-IqSn tN¿Ømte AXns‚ Nn{Xw

hy‡-am-hp-I-bp-≈q. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ B{^n-

°≥ kwKoXw F∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ GXv Ime-L-

´ -Øn-te-sX∂p IqSn -b -dn -™mte AXns‚

kz`mhw a\- n-em-Ip-I-bp-≈q.

\Ωƒ IY-Ifn kwKoXw F∂v hyh-l-cn-

°p-tºmƒ, tZi-]-cn[n tIc-f-am-sW-¶nepw \q‰m--

≠p-Iƒ ]c-∂p-In-S-°p∂ hn`n-∂-L- -ßsf hnkva-

cn-°-cp-Xv. {]mtZ-inI t`Z-ßfpw IY-Ifn kwKo-X-

Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£ C∂sØ ÿe-Ime

cmin-bn-ep≈ IY-Ifn kwKoXw am{X-amWv \ap°v

ap∂n¬ {]Xy-£-am-bp-≈-Xv.

tkm]m\ kwKoX ]≤-Xn-bmWv IY-Ifn

kwKo-X-Øn¬ kzo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v s]mXpsh

]d-bm-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ tkm]m\ kwKo-X-Øns‚

kzXz-sØ-°p-dn®v IrXy-amb Hcp \n¿Δ-N\w

\¬Im≥ B¿°pw Ign-bm-dn-√. Ka-I-ßfpw Ae-

¶m-c-{]-tbm-K-ßfpw hfsc Ipd™ Hcp Bem-]-

\-ssi-en-bmWv tkm]m\ kwKo-X-Øn-t‚-Xv.

D≈n¬ Xń-bp≈ Hcp {]m¿∞-\-bpsS kz`m-h-am-

bn-cp∂p AXn-\v.

IY-I-fn-bpsS ]cn-Wma hgn-I-fn¬ kwKoXw

]e L´-ß-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-bn-´p-≠v. cma-\m-´-

Øn¬ \S-∑m¿ Xs∂-bmWv ]mSn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. G‰p-

]m-Sm≥ ]n∂n-em-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sh´Øv cmPm-

hmWv hmNn-IsØ \S-\n¬ \n∂S¿Øn-am‰n

]n≥]m-´p-Imsc G¬]n-®-Xv.

BZy-Im-eØv hmNn-Imwiw \n¿Δ-ln-°pI

F∂-Xn¬ Ihn™v ]mń\v henb {]m[m\yw \¬-

I-s∏-ń-cp-∂n-√. I√-Sn-t°m-S≥ k{º-Zm-b-tØm-sS-

bmWv IY-I-fn-bn¬ kwKo-X-Øn\v {]map-Jy-ta-dn-

b-Xv. ]Z-ß-fpsS Nn´bpw k{º-Zm-bhpw IrXy-ambn

\njvI¿j sNøs∏-´p. `mh-Øn\p Ipd-®p-IqSn

{]m[m\yw e`n-®p. tIm´bw IY-I-fn-bnse ]Z-ß-

fpsS cq]-`m-h-L-S\ {i≤n-®m¬ B inev]-`-{ZX

\ap°v hy‡-am-Ipw.

Iπn-ßm-S≥ ssien-bmbt∏mtgbv°v IY-I-

fn-bn¬ sX°≥ IY-Ifpw {]Nm-c-Øn-em-bn. A-`n-

\-b-Øn¬ km-Xzn-Imw-i-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw sXfn-

™p-h-∂Xv Iπn-ßm-S≥ If-cn-bn¬ \n∂m-Wv.

Imhp-ß¬ ]Wn-°-∑m¿, \f-\pÆn XpS-ßnb

{]kn-≤-cmb sX°≥ \S-∑m¿ Iπn-ßm-S≥ ssien-

°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. thj-tam-Sn-bnepw Iem-i-\r-Øm-Zn-

I-fnepw D≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ {i≤ Ah¿ mhm-hn-jv°-

c-W-Øn\p \¬In. AXn-\m¬ \mSy-hn-j-b-amb

Hcp ]q¿ÆX Cu k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ ssIh-∂p. I√-

Sn-t°m-S≥ ssien-bn¬ Ipd-hm-bn-cp∂ `mh-kw-

L¿j -Im -fl -I -

amb \mS-Io-bX

Iπn-ßm-S≥ k{º-

Zm-b-Øn¬ IqSp-X-

embn A\p-`-h-s∏-

´p-Xp-S-ßn. `mhm-`n-

\b km[yX

h¿≤n -® -tXmsS

taf -°m¿ ssI

bv°v IqSnØpS-

ßp-Ibpw ]m´p -

Im¿ `mh-]q¿Øn-

°mbn kwKo - sh¶nS IrjvW mK-h-X¿

- 77 -


XsØ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw XpS-ßn.

XpS¿∂p-h∂ I√p-h-gn-®n-´-bn-eqsS IY-Ifn

]q¿ÆX {]m]n-®p. KoXw, hmZyw, \rØw, \rXyw,

A`n-\bw F∂n-h-bpsS ka-{K-X-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu

k{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ ImX¬.

Cu Hmtcm L -ßƒs°m∏w IY-Ifn kwKo-

Xhpw ]cn-W-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.

Iπn-ßm-S≥ k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬s∏´ aqtØ-

SØv Cń-chn \ºq-Xn-cn, I√p-hgn®n´-bpsS kwhn-

[m-\-Øn¬ KWy-amb ]¶p-h-ln® Icp-a-\-t»cn

IrjvW≥Ipń-`m-K-h-X¿, Xncp-hn-ezm-ae inh-cm-a-

`m-K-h-X¿, tNme-bn¬ IrjvW≥Ipń-`m-K-h-X¿,

Imh-t»-cn-{Xbw F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ IÆ-∏-°p-dp-∏v,

tKm]me IrjvW-`m-K-h-X¿, am\p-`m-K-h-X¿, Xncp-

hn-ezm-ae A∏p-°p-´≥ mK-h-X¿, kvam¿Ø hnNm-

c-Øn\v hnt[-b-\mbn {`jv-S-\m-°-s∏´ Ip™n-cm-

a≥ \ºo-i≥ F∂n-ßs\ At\Iw t]¿ IY-Ifn

kwKo-X-Øns\ Ah-c-h-cp-tS-Xmb coXn-bn¬

hf¿Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

IY-Ifn kwKo-X-Øns‚ B[p-\nI Imew

XpS-ßp-∂Xv ap≠mb sh¶n-S-Ir-jvW-`m-K-h-X-cn¬

\n∂m-Wv. IY-I-fn-bn¬ aqtØ-SØv k{º-Zmbw

F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ kwKoX ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬s∏´

Bfm-bn-cp -∂p-sh-¶n -epw, Xs‚ A\p-P-\mb

{]ikvX I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-⁄-\m-bn-cp∂ ]me-

°mSv cma-`m-K-h-X-cpsS \nc-¥c kº¿°hpw

kzm[o-\hpw aqew mK-h-X¿ ]mc-º-cy-ssi-en-bn¬

\n∂v Ipd®v hyXn-N-en-®p. A∂p-hsc \ne-hn-en-

cp∂ kwKo-X-co-Xn-bnse sshin-jy-ßƒ \ne-

\n¿Øn-bpw, sshcq-]y-ßƒ apdn®p am‰nbpw I¿Æm-

SI ssien-bnse B[mc \nb-a-ßsf kzmwio-I-

cn®pw ]pXn-sbmcp kwKo-X-]Yw At±lw Is≠-

Øn.

A∂p-hsc IY-I-fn-bn¬ {]Nm-c-Øn-en-√m-bn-

cp∂ ]e cmK-ßfpw `mK-h-X¿ Ac-ßn-se-Øn-

®p. {ipXnip≤n, cmK-hy-‡-X, Ka-I-ssh-hn-[y-ßƒ

XpSßn ]eXpw I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Øn¬ \n∂v

At±lw kzoI-cn-®p. kwKo-X-in-£-W-Øn\v KoX-

ßƒ, hcn-i-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh G¿s∏-Sp-Øn. I¿Æm-

SI ssien Ie¿Øn-b-Xn\pw hyhÿ sNbvX

cmK-ßƒ am‰n-b-Xn\pw At±-l-Øn\p ITn\

hna¿i-\-ßƒ G‰p-hm-tß-≠n-h-∂n-´p-≠v. Iem-a-

WvUew F∂ alm-ÿm-]-\-Øn¬ kwKo-Xm-Nm-

cy-\mbn A\-h-[n-Imew {]h¿Øn-®n-´p≈Xpaqew

`mK-h-X-cpsS k{º-Zm-b-Øn\v AwKo-Im-chpw B[n-

Im-cn-I-Xbpw ssIh-∂p.

sh¶n-S-IrjvW `mK-h-X-cpsS {]nb-in-jy-

\mb \oe-I -

WvT≥ \ºo-i≥

IY-Ifn kwKo-X-

Øns‚ i‡n

t K m ] p - c - ß ƒ

]Wn-Xp-b¿Ønb

Hcp alm-Nm-cy-\m-

bn-cp-∂p. Kpcp-\m-Y-

\n¬ \n∂v e`n®

\ho\kc-Wnsb

Xs‚ {]Xn -` -

sIm≠v XpS-®p-an-

\p -°n -sb -SpØv

ASpØ Xe-ap -

dbv°v ssIam-dp-I-

sb∂ ZuXyw

At±lw Gs‰-Sp-

Øp.

L\Kwòc-amb i_vZw, D®m-cW kv^pS-X,

`mh-]q¿Øn-bv°m-bp≈ {iaw, Acßv \nb-{¥n-

°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ Akm-am-\y-]m-Shw F∂n-h-sIm≠v

kph¿Æ Ime-L-´-Ønse al¬km-∂n-≤y-ambn

\ne-sIm≠p \ºo-i≥. Kpcp-\m-Y-s\∂ \ne-bn¬

At±-l-sØ-t∏mse tim`n® as‰m-cm-fn-√. DÆn-

Ir-jvW-°p-dp-∏v, KwKm-[-c≥, cma-hm-cn-b¿, F{ºm-

¥n-cn, sslZ-cm-en, lcn-Zm-kv, kp{_-“-Wy≥,

Iem-a-WvUew DÆn-Ir-jvW-°p-dp∏v

- 78 -


amSºn XpSßn Ifn-b-c-ßnse kwKoX sshhn-

[y-ßƒ apgp-h≥ \ºo-is‚ in£-W-Øn¬ hncn-

™p-h-∂-Xm-Wv.

\ºo-is‚ {]WX injy-\mb Iem-a -

WvUew DÆn-Ir-jvW-°p-dp∏v IY-Ifn kwKo-XsØ

AXp-hsc A\p- -hn-°mØ as‰mcp hnXm-\-Øn-se-

Øn-®p. {]Xn-`-bpsS Nnd-Ip-ambn At±lw tXm∂n-

b-Xp-t]mse ]d-∂p-\-S-∂p.

\njv°-f-¶-amb imco-cw, {Xnÿm-bn-I-fn-epw,

A\m-bm-k-k-©mcw, AKm-[mb cmK-⁄m-\w, Dd-

®-Xm-f-t_m-[w, tkm]m-\-co-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ tKm{X-_-

‘w, A£-c-kv p-SX F∂n-h-sb√mw tN¿∂v Ipdp-

∏ns‚ ]mń\v \h-ssN-X\yw ]I¿∂p. A\-\p-I-c-

Wo-b-amb B ssien C∂v GI-tZiw A\yw-\n∂

\ne-bn-em-bn. A]q¿Δ-ambn am{Xw kw`-hn-°p∂

Ah-Xm-c-am-bn-cp∂p B AXpeyKm-b-I≥.

\nd™ IY-I-sf At±lw IqSp-X¬ s]men-∏n-s®-

Sp-Øp.

ssa°ns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-ambn D]-tbm-

K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ XpS-ßn-bXv F{ºm-¥n-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

sshIm-cn-IX \nd™ B sh¬sh‰v \mZw Bkzm-

ZI¿°v Gsd {]nb¶c-am-bn-cp-∂p.

ka-Im-eo\ Kmb-I-cn¬ ]e-cnepw F{ºm-¥n-

cn-bpsS kzm[o\w {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. GI-tZiw 25

hb-t msS Xs∂ s]m∂m\n Kmb-I-\mbn F{ºm-

¥ncn tim`n®p XpS-ßn-bn-cp -∂p. \ºo-i\pw

Ipdp∏pw KwKm-[-c\pw Ip´-∏-°p-dp∏pw Ac-ßp-hm-

gp∂ ImeØv Xs∂ IY-I-fn-th-Zn-bnse \nd-km-

∂n-≤y-ambn amdm≥ F{ºm-¥n-cn°p Ign-™p. AIm-

e-Øn¬ B{I-an® Akp-J-ßƒ aqew Ah-km\

Ime-ß-fn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ km∂n≤yw Ac-ßp-

I-fn¬ hnc-f-am-bn-cp-∂p. IY-Ifn thZn-I-fn¬

kwKoX {]Pm-]-Xn-bmbn hncm-Pn-t°-≠n-bn-cp∂

\mfp-I-fn¬ F{ºm-¥ncn°v Ac-ßn¬ \n∂v hn´p-

\n¬t°-≠n-h-∂Xv IY-I-fn-bpsS Xocm-\-jvS-am-Wv.

{]mtbW Hcp t£{X-I-e-bmb IY-I-fn-bn-

te°v ap…nw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ \n∂v Hcmƒ IS-∂p-

h-cnI! hyXn-cn-‡-amb Hcp kwKo-X-ssi-en-sIm≠v

Bkzm-ZI a\- p-I-fn¬ Nnc{]Xn-jvT-t\-SpI!

AXmWv Iem-a-WvUew sslZ-cmen sNbvX A¤p-

X-I¿Ωw.

Kk-ep-I-fp-tSbpw, I¿Æm-SnIv `P-\p-I-fp-tS-

bpw, efnX kwKo-X-Øn-s‚bpw kz`m-h-ßƒ B

]mń-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tkm]m-\-Øns‚ Xncp-ti-jn-

∏p-Iƒ At±lw h¿÷n-®p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂

sslZ-cm-en-bp-tSXv IY-Ifn kwKo-X-a√ Fs∂mcp

hna¿i\w At±-l-Øn\v t\cn-tS-≠n-h-∂n-´p-≠v.

F¶nepw kmam\y P\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ sslZ-cm-

en°v At\Iw Bcm-[-I-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcn°¬

At±-lsØ ]mSn-°m-\mbn sNß-∂q¿ t£{X-

Ønse aXn¬ s]mfn-®p-\o-°n. aXn-en\p ]pd-Øp-

\n∂v AIØv tÃPn¬ \S-°p∂ IY-I-fn°v

Xs‚ A\-\y-a-[p-c-amb imcocw sIm≠v IY-

Ifn kwKo-X-Øn¬ ]pXn-sbmcp hgn-Ømc Xpd-

°m≥ Ign™ \ncp-]a Kmb-I-\m-bn-cp∂p Iem-a-

WvUew i¶-c≥ F{ºm-¥n-cn. emfn-Xy-am¿∂ mh-

kw-Ko-Xw-sIm≠v A\-h[n Bkzm-Z-Isc IY-I-fn-

bn-te°v BI¿jn-°m≥ F{ºm-¥n-cn°p Ign-™p.

\f-N-cn-Xw-t]m-se-bp≈ \mS-Iob aplq¿Ø-ßƒ

i¶-c≥ F{ºm-¥ncn

- 79 -


cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ hn[n. HSphn¬ kzmX-{¥y-

Øns‚ NndIv e`n-®-t∏mƒ kwKo-X-hn-lm-b- n¬

At±lw ]d∂p Ifn-®p. B \mZ-ss\¿Ω-ey-Øn¬

hncn™ `mh-Ko-X-ßƒ Bkzm-ZI¿°v ]pXn-sbm-

c-\p- q-Xn-bm-bn. Hmtcm hm°nepw mh-ap-W¿Øp∂

Hcp cmk-hnZy B kwKo-X-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Ac-ßp-I-fnse Xs‚ am[-h-Imew ]q¿Æ-am-°m≥

\n¬°msX At±-lhpw \sΩ hn´p-]n-cn-™p.

F{ºm-¥n-cn, sslZ-cm-en, lcn-Zm-kv, c≠p-

h¿j-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ aq∂v {][m\ Kmb-I-cmWv Ime-

Øns‚ Xnc-»o-e°p ]n∂n¬ ad-™-Xv.

\ºo-is‚ _mWn ImØp-kq-£n-°p∂ Iem-

a-WvUew KwKm-[-c≥, ip≤-k-{º-Zmbw ImØp-kq-

£n-°p∂ amSºn kp{_-“-Wy≥ \ºq-Xn-cn, Iem-

\n-ebw DÆn-Ir-jvW≥, Ipdp-∏ns‚ GI-in-jy-\mb

]me-\mSv Znhm-I-c≥ \ºq-Xn-cn, ]Øn-bq¿ i¶-

c≥Ip-ń, tIm´-bv°¬ \mcm-b-W≥, tIm´-bv°¬

a[p XpS-ßn-b-h-cmWv C∂v IY-Ifn kwKo-XsØ

apt∂m´v \bn-°p-∂-Xv.

lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-X-Ønepw I¿Æm-SI

kwKo-X-Ønepw apJy-ambpw c≠v `mh-ßƒ am{X-

am-Wp-≈-Xv `‡nbpw, irwKm-chpw. F∂m¬ IY-

Ifn kwKo-X-Øn¬ \h-c-k-ßfpw AS-ßn-bn- p-≠v.

AXmWv AXns‚ sshin-jvSyw. ]Z-ß-fp-tSbpw

t«mI-ß-fp-tSbpw kmln-Xy-tim- -IqSn IW-°n-se-

Sp-°p-tºmƒ tIc-fo-b¿°v A`n-am-\n-°m-hp∂ Hcp

kwKoX ]≤-Xn-X-s∂-bmWv IY-I-fn-bn-ep-≈Xv

F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-an-√.

At±lw ]mSn. ]s£ At∏mgpw a\pjy a\- nse

h¿§ob aXn¬ XI-cmsX \n∂p.

Xs‚ D≈n-ep-d-ßn-°n-S∂ kwKosØ hnfn-

®p-W¿Øm≥ sshIn-t∏mb Hcp {]Xn- -bm-bn-cp∂p

sh◊Wn lcn-Zm-kv. ]Tn-®n-d-ßn-b-Xn-\p-tijw

Ipsd h¿j-°mew Al-Ω-Zm-_m-Znse Z¿∏-W-bn-

em-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. Xncn-®p-h∂Xn\p-ti-jhpw

At\-I-Imew in¶n-Snbmbn HXpßn-°-gn-bm-\m-bn-

cta-i≥ Xºp-cm≥ : sI. Fkv. C. _n. DtZym-K-ÿ≥, kmln-Xy-Im-c≥.

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sslZcmen

- 80 -


inh-Zmkv h¿Ω

a-e-bmä-bpsS `mh-cm-K-ßƒ

tIc-f-Øns‚ X\-Xmb kwKoX ]mc-º-cy-

Øns‚ \mƒh-gn-IƒtXSn kwKoX imkv{X-hn-im-

c-Z¿ Ime-ß-fmbn XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ NqtS-

dnb kwhm-Z-ßƒ°v Hcp ]n≥Ip-dn-∏√ ChnsS

Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

A\m-Zn-Imew apX¬ ae-bmf a\- p-I-fn¬

\n∂v DXn¿∂p-ho-Wp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ {]m¿∞-\m-

`mhw \nd™ \njvIm-a- -‡n-bpsS cmK-—m-b-I-sf-

°p-dn®v, \n¿h-N-\m-Xo-X-amb B hm-ßvab kwKo-

X-tØ-°p-dn-®v, B tZ-h-KoXw {ihn®v Xncp-\-S°v

ap≥]n¬ A¿≤-\n-an-en-X-cmbn \n¬°p∂ `‡-a-

\- p-I-fn¬ B cmK-ßƒ DW¿Øp∂ Ahm-Ny-

amb A\p -`q -Xn -bpsS am[p -cy -sØ-°p -dn®v

Hs°bp≈ Nn¥-Iƒ hmb-\-°m-cp-ambn ]¶p-h-

bv°pI am{X-amWv ChnsS Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

sImń-]m-Sn-tkh

]c-am-flmhpw Pohm-flmhpw XΩn¬ kwh-

Zn-°p-∂-Xn\v am{X-ambn \ΩpsS ]q¿Δ-kq-cn-Iƒ

a\- n¬ kq£n-®n-cp∂ Hcp]nSn kwKoX [mc-

Iƒ C∂pw CS-ap-dn-bmsX Aßn-ßm-sb-¶nepw

]mSn-h-cp-∂p-≠v.

hmsam-gn-bmbpw hc-sam-gn-bmbpw Xe-ap-d-I-

fn¬ \n∂pw Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te°v ssIam-dn-h∂ Hcp

{]m¿∞\m kwKo-X-]-≤-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p sImń-]m-

Sn-tk-h. Id-I-f™ \njvIma `‡n-`m-h-Øm¬

kº-∂-am-bn-cp∂p Cu kwKo-X-k-cWn. Cu Km\-

[m-c-bpsS LS-\tbm cmK-e-£-W-ßtfm kwKo-

X-km-lnXy {KŸ-ß-fpsS CuSp-h-bv]p-I-fn¬

ImWp-I-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v IqSn-bmhmw CØ-c-

Øn-ep≈ {KŸ-kw-ln-X-I-fpsS ta¬ AS-bn-cp∂v

kwKoX Ncn-{X-ßƒ hncn-bn-°p∂ Kth-j-W-]-

Sp-°ƒ tIc-fob kwKoXw F∂v tIƒ°p-tºmƒ

Xs∂ s\‰n Npfn-°p-∂-Xv.

thZ-kw-Ko-X-Øns‚ ]n≥XpS¿®tbm F∂v

tXm∂p-amdv AXo-{μn-b-`mh Xo{h-X-tbmsS tZho-

tZ-h-∑m-cpsS ]mZ-]-fl-ß-fn¬, CS-°-bp-tSbpw

tNßn-e-bp-tSbpw AI-º-Sn-tbmsS ka¿∏n-°-s∏-

Sp∂ sImń-]mSn tkh tkm]m\ Kmb-Is‚ Bfl-

\n-th-Z-\-am-Wv.

ChnsS Na¬°mc wKn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb kmln-

Xy-Øns‚ B¿`m-Stam Musical Notations D]-tbm-

Kn®v k∂n-th-in-∏n® kwKoX ]≤-Xntbm ImWm-

\m-hn-√.

as‰m-c¿∞-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ PK∂nb-¥m-

hmb ]c-am-flm-hn-t\mSv kwh-Zn-°p∂ Kmb-Is‚

Rc-fØv cma-s∏m-Xp-hmƒ

- 81 -


Cu sImń-]m-S-en\v {ioe-I-Øns‚ Xncp-\-Sbv°p

ap∂n¬ ssIIq∏n \n¬°p∂ `‡-P-\-ßƒ aqI-

km-£n-Iƒ am{X-am-Wv. Hcn°epw t{imXm-°-f-√.

ka-b-_-≤n-X-ambn Xß-fpsS ]q¿Δ-kq-cn-

Iƒ ]mSn-]-Xn-∏n® Cu XymWn-Iƒ AYhm Km\-

i-I-e-ßƒ t]cn\v am{Xw Nne-\m-a-ß-fm¬ Adn-

b-s∏-´p. Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xs{X ]mSn, s]md-\o-c,

L-≠mcw XpS-ßnb tkm]m\ cmK-ßƒ.

]n∂o-sS-t∏mtgm sImń-]m-Sn-tkh F∂

Cu A\p-jvTm-\-Øn\v tkm]m-\-Øn-¶ep≈

]ms´∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ tkm]m\ kwKoXw F∂

\mam-¥cw kw`-hn-®p.

tkm]m\ kwKo-X-Øn¬ `‡n-`m-h-Øn\v

am{Xw {]mapJyw \¬In-s°m-≠mWv s]md-\n-cbpw

L≠m-chpw F√mw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-h-∂-Xv.

s]md-\n-c-bpsS mh-ku-μcyw lrZ-b-Øn¬

Nmen®v `K-h-Xv]m-Zm-c-hn-μ-ß-fn¬ kwKo-Xm¿®\

sNøpI F∂Xv \njvIm-a- -‡n-bpsS aq¿Øn-a-¤m-

h-am-bn-cp∂ Rc-fØv cma-s]m-Xp-hm-fns‚ coXn-

bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºn-bpsS {iocm-K-Øn-ep≈

`‡n ck-{]-[m-\-amb Icp-W-sN-bvhm≥ F¥p-Xm-

a-kw.............. F∂ ]Zw ]mSp-tºmƒ Xs‚ CjvS-

tZ-h-\mb {ioKp-cp-hm-bq-c-∏s\ Nc-Wm-¥-Ønepw

]√-hn-bpsS Bh¿-Ø-\-Ønepw CS-°nsS Dds°

hnfn-®p-sIm≠v Rc-f≥ ]mSp-I-bm-Wv. AXm

s]s´∂v {iocm-K-Øn¬ \ns∂mcp sX∂n-am-‰w.

""ZmXm-hm-In-b-temtI........ F∂ NcWw s]mXp-

hmƒ `K-hm\v ap∂n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI s]md-\n-

c-bn-em-Wv.

tkm]m\ kwKoXw ]mSp∂ CS-sa√mw

t£{Xw Xs∂ F∂v D≈n¬ Dd®p hniz-kn-®n-

cp∂ B Ah-[qX Kmb-I≥ 1989- ¬ alm-flm-{KŸ

ime-bpsS Hcp ]cn-]m-Sn-°mbn Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bn¬

FØn-b-t∏mƒ Xs‚ amdm-∏nse CS-°-bpsS h´-

hpw, Poht°m-epw, s]mSn-∏p-Ifpw Iqń tN¿Øv

Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºn-bpsS Cu ]Zw ]mSn-b-t∏mgpw

t{imXm-°-fpsS a\- n¬ Ahm-Ny-amb A\p-`q-Xn-

bmbn B s]md-\nc s]bvXn-d-ßn.

k¶-c-kw-KoXw (fusion music) F∂ ""`bm-

\I kwKoXw'' X\n-a-bpsS am[pcyw Dudp∂

At\Iw tKm{X kwKoX [mc-Isf hnI-e-am-°n-

s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

Ct∏mƒ FhnsSbpw hb-en-\pw, arZw-K-hpw,

a±-fhpw F¥n\v X_-ebpw IqSn Dƒs∏-SpØn dnYw

t_m¿Un¬ \n∂p-b-cp∂ ""CS-bv°''-bpsS \mZhpw

Iqń tN¿Øv Ah-X-cn -∏n -°p∂ ""tkm]m\

kwKoX kmbm-”''-ß-fpsS Ime-amWv.

Cu {`m¥-amb kwKoX {]Xn-`m-k-ßƒ°n-

S-bn¬ cPX tcJ-t]mse ]ø-∂q¿ IrjvW-aWn

amcm-cpw, P\m¿≤-\≥ s\Sp-ßm-Snbpw Ch-sc-

t∏mse tkm]m-\-Øns‚ Bflmhv sXm´-dn-bm≥

Ign-bp∂ GXm\pw Nne Kmb-Icpw Cu tZh-kw-

Ko-X-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬]n\pw {]N-c-W-Øn-\p-ambn

{]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p.

Rc-f-Øns‚ aI-\mb lcn-tKm-hn-μ-\pw,

tNm‰m-\n-°c kp`mjv \mcm-bW amcmcpw, Aº-

e-∏pg hnP-b-Ip-amdpw, ssh°w t£{X Iem-]o-T-

Ønse tkm]m\ If-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]Tn®p ]pd-

Øn-d-ßnb t__n-am-cm-cpw, Imhn¬ DÆn-Ir-

jvW\pw AS-ßp∂ bph-X-e-ap-dbpw Cu A\p-

jvTm\ kwKo-X-Øns‚ h‡m-°-fmbn cwK-Øp≠v

F∂Xpw Bim-ky-am-Wv.

tkm]m\ cmK-ßƒ IY-Ifn kwKo-X-Øn¬

IY-Ifn kwKo-X-Øn¬ ae-bm-f-Øns‚ mh-

cm-K-ßƒ k∂n-th-in-∏n-®-Xv, _meyw apXte ""Ifw-

-]m- ns‚'' qan-I-bn¬ BIr-jvS-\mbn ]n∂oSv \ºo-

is‚ {]nb-in-jy-\mbn amdnb Iem-a-WvUew DÆn-

IrjvW Ipdp-∏m-Wv.

sNssº-bpsS injy-\m-bn-cp-∂n-´p-t]mepw

Xs‚ kwKo-XØn¬ P∑m¿Pn-X-amb tKm{X-kw-

- 82 -


KoXw hnf-°n-t®¿Øv Rc-fØv cma-s]m-Xp-hm-

fns‚ Xt‚Sw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p, IY-Ifn kwKo-

X-Øns‚ ]cn-jvI¿Ømhv F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ \ºo-

is‚ Acpa injy-\m-bn´pw Xs‚ Ipe-sXm-gn-em-

bn-cp∂ Ifw-]m- ns‚ ss\¿a√yhpw kv\nKv≤-Xbpw

Kpcp-ap-J-Øp-\n∂pw Xm≥ ]Tn® ]Z-ß-fpsS Bem-

]-\-Øn¬ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Ipdp-∏ns\ {]m]vX-\m-

°n-b-Xv.

]c-º-cm-KX hgn-bn¬ \n∂pw thdn´ Hcp

irwKm-c-`mhw ""]mSn'' ]Z-ß-fn¬ Ipdp∏v kZm- k-

∂n-th-in-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. IY-Ifn kwKoX Ncn-{X-

Øn¬ Xs∂ IoN-I-h-[-Ønse irwKmc]Z-amb

""amen-\n''. DÆn-IrjvW Ipdp-∏ns\t]mse ]mSn-

-en-∏n-®-h¿ Ipdp-∏m-im\v ap≥t]m ]n≥t]m D≠m-

bn-ń√ F∂Xv ]c-am¿∞w Xs∂-bm-Wv.

Xmf-\n-_-‘-amb ae-bm-fn-bpsS sIm´p-I-t®-

cn-Iƒ

kwKo-X-Øn\v Xmfw AI-º-Sn-bm-°n-bmWv

temI-sØ-hn-tS-bpw, ]m›m-Xy-am-Is´ ]uc-kvXy-

am-I-s´, It®-cn-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I.

F∂m¬ tIc-f-Øn\v am{Xw kz¥-amb taf-

ßƒ F∂ sIm´p-I-t®-cn-Isf ]cm-a¿in-°msX

t]mbm¬ ae-bm-f -Øns‚ kwKoX Ncn{Xw

A]q¿Æ-am-bn-cn-°pw.

aqt∂m ]c-am-h[n aq∂-ctbm aWn-°q-dm-bn-

cn°pw I¿Wm-SI kwKoX It®-cn-bp-sStbm lnμp-

ÿm\n kwKoX It®-cn-I-fp-sStbm ssZ¿Lyw.

F∂m¬ \mec aWn-°q-tdmfw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂

Xmf-hm-Zy-ß-fmb sN≠-Iƒ ap≥\n-c-°m-cmbn

\ΩpsS ]q¿Δo-I¿ cq]-I¬∏\ sNbvX ""taf-ßƒ''

temI-kw-KoX thZn-I-fn¬ Xs∂ \mZ-hn-kvab

apW¿Øp∂ ""Xmf-tKm-]p-c-ßƒ'' Bbn Xe-bp-

b¿Øn \n¬°p-∂p.

he-¥-e-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ Xmf-Øn¬ Du∂n

CSw-¥-e-bn¬ \n∂p {]h-ln-°p∂ NSp-e-ß-fmb

Xmf-s]-cp-°-ßsf XΩn¬ Iqń-bn-W-°p-∂-Xm-Is´

ap∏-tXmfw hcp∂ Ce-Øm-f-ßƒ F∂ L\-hm-

Zyhpw.

Ce-Øm-f-ß-fpsS hiy-a-[p-c-amb ’¶m-c-

\mZ [mc-bn¬ tIm¿Ø Cu Xmf-kw-Ko-X-Øn\v

{ipXn-bm-hpI am{X-am-Wv kpjn-c-hm-Zy-ß-fmb Ipdpw

Ipgepw sImºpw sNøp-∂-Xv. Ch-bpsS cwK-{]-th-

i-am-Is´ h¥-ebpw CS-¥-ebpw Ce-Øm-fhpw

tN¿∂v Ime-an´p tafw XpSßn Gsd Ign-™n´pw

BWv.

ChnsS ]d™ sshhn-≤y-am¿∂ kwKoX

kc-Wn-Iƒ Bkz-Zn-°m≥ tIhew imkv{X-{K-Ÿ-

ßƒ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n kwKoX hnim-c-Z¿ tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øn-h® kmt¶-Xn-I-⁄m\w am{Xw t]mcm.

ae-bmf aÆn¬ A\m-Zn-bmbn \ne-\n-∂p-t]m-

cp∂ tKm{X-kw-Ko-XsØ sXm´-dn-b-Ww.

i_vZ-tØ-°mƒ \ni:_vZam-{X-Iƒ°v Gsd

{]m[m-\y-ap≈ ae-bmä-bpsS Xmf-kw-kv°mcw

lrZ-b-Øn-em-hm-ln-°-Ww.

CXp c≠pw km[y-am-bm¬ \ap°v \ΩpsS

kzXzw hos≠-Sp-°mw. AXn-eqsS \n»-_vZ-am-{X-

Iƒ°v Gsd {]mapJyw D≈ ac -∏m -Wn,

Xnane]mWn XpS-ßnb A\p-jvTm\ hmZy-hr-μ-

ßƒ Bkz-Zn-°mw.

inh-Zmkv h¿Ω: ssSwkv Hm^v C¥y teJ-I≥, kan-Xn-bpsS kPoh

{]h¿-ØI≥

- 83 -


]fl-`q-j¨ Sn.-F≥. IrjvW≥

""Ka-I-h-iyX''bm¿∂ IrjvW kwKo-X-Øns‚Fgp-]-Ø©v h¿j-ßƒ

Acn-b-°pSn cmam-\pP Aø-¶m-cn¬ XpS-ßn,

sNssº sshZy-\mY `mK-h-X¿, a[pssc aWn

Aø¿, Pn.-F≥.-_n., Fw.-Un.-B¿., XpSßn tbip-

Zmkv hsc-bp≈ hnhn[ Xe-ap-d-I-fn¬s∏´ Kmb-

I-cpsS It®-cn-I-fn¬ Xs‚ hb-en≥ X{¥n-I-fn¬

\n∂p-Xn-cp∂ kz¿§ob kwKo-X-Øm¬ \nd-™p-

\n¬°p∂p ]fl-`q-j≥ Sn.-F≥. IrjvWs‚ kam-

\-X-I-fn-√mØ kwKoX {]]-©w.

aI-c-tPym-Xn-°p-th≠n Sn.-F≥. Xs‚ Dd-h-

h-‰mØ kwKoX kvac-W-Iƒ ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂p. 75

h¿jw XnI-bp∂ Xs‚ kwKo-X-k-]-cy-bpsS kvac-

W-Iƒ.

""Ggp-h-b- n¬ XpS-ßn-b-XmWv ]m›m--Xy-

sa-¶n-epw ]uckvXy kwKo-X-[m-c-bn¬ kzbw ebn-

®p-tN¿∂ hb-en\pambp≈ Fs‚ Nßm-Øw.''

Hcp cmK-hn-kvXm-c-Øns‚ kpJ-tØmsS At±lw

XpS-ßn.

\s∂ sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Xs∂ Xs‚ Xd-hm-Smb

]qWn-Øp-d-bnse "`mK-h-X¿ aT-Øn¬', \nXy-k-

μ¿i-I-cm-bn-cp∂ {]ikvX kwKo-X-PvR-cp-am-bp≈

\nc-¥c kam-K-a-Øn\v `mKy-ap-≠m-bn. AØ-c-

Øn¬ Nne-h-gn® Hmtcm \nan-jhpw Fs‚ kwKoX

k]-cy-bn¬ hne-a-Xn-°m-\m-ImØ A\p-`h ]mT-

ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

A∏m-Zpssc mK-h-X¿, sNssº, tZi-aw-Kew

kp{_-“Wy imkv{Xn-Iƒ, hoWhnZzm≥, FÆ-

∏Sw sh¶n-S-c-aW imkv{Xn-Iƒ XpSßn \nc-h[n

kwKo-X-⁄-cn¬ \n∂pw CØ-c-Øn¬ A`ymkw

km[y-am-bn.

hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√m-ØXpw aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ \o≠p-

\n¬°p-∂-Xp-amb \nXy-km-[-I-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv

IrjvW≥ hnkva-b-I-c-amw-hn[w hb-en-\n¬ `mh-

cm-K-ßƒ hncn-bn-®-Xv. \nXyhpw cmhnse 4 aWn°v

XpS-ßp∂ km[Iw aWn-°q-dp-I-tfmfw \ofpw.

kv°qfn¬ \n∂pw D®- -£-W-Øn-\p-h-cp∂ sNdnb

CS-th-f-I-fn¬t]mepw km[Iw sNøWsa-∂m-bn-

cp∂p A—s‚ I¿»\ \n¿t±-iw.

Nn´-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb km[-I-Øn-eqsS kzmb-am-

°nb kKoXw tIƒhn-⁄m-\-Øn-eqsS Duń-bp-d-

∏n-°m≥ Gsd klm-bn-®Xv Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bnse

{io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-is‚ ""hn›n-tIm-’h''ambn-cp-∂p.

]qWn-Øpd sIm´m-c-Øn\p kao-]-ap≈ mK-

h-X¿ aT-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hcp Iøn¬ sXfn™p

IØp∂ Nq´pw adp-I-øn¬ Xs‚ Ip™p-ssI-hn-c-

ep-Ifpw tN¿Øp ]nSn®v A—≥ {io]q¿Æ-{X-boi

A`n-apJw :˛ ]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn

]fl- q-j≥ Sn.-F≥. Ir-jvW≥

- 84 -


t£{X-Ønse Du´p-]p-c-am-fn-I-bn-te°v a™p

s]øp∂ hr›nI cmhp-I-fn¬ \S-Ønb kwKoX

bm{X-Iƒ IrjvW\v Hcn°epw ad-°m-\m-In-√.

\nc-¥c km[-Ihpw tIƒhn-PvRm-\hpw

Cuiz-cm-[o-\hpw H∂n®-t∏mƒ IrjvW-\nse hb-

en≥ hmZ\ ssh`hw Iuam-c-Øn¬ Xs∂ Xfn-cn-

Sm≥ XpS-ßn.

Aßn-s\-bmWv hb-en≥ am{¥o-I-\m-bn-cp∂

ssakq¿ NuU-ø-bpsS ]I-c-°m-c-\m-bn, Iuamc

{]mb-°m-c-\mb IrjvW\v sNssº sshZy-\mY

`mK-h-X¿ Xriq-cn¬ \S-Ønb It®-cn-bn¬ ]°-

hm-Zy-ambn hb-en≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ km[n-®-Xv.

Aßs\ km[-I-Øn-s‚bpw tIƒhn-⁄m-

\-Øn-s‚bpw IqsS {]K-¤-cmb kwKo-X-⁄-cpsS

IqsS ]°w-hm-bn®v t\Snb hne-a-Xn-°m-\m-ImØ

A\p-`-h-⁄m-\hpw tN¿∂-t∏mƒ kam-\-X-I-fn-

√mØ Hcp hb-en≥ hmZ-\-ssien cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-

sb-Sp-°m\pw AXv kwKoX hnZq-jn-I-sf-s°m≠v

AwKo-I-cn-∏n-°m\pw IrjvW\v km[n-®p.

I¿Æm-SI kwKoX Ncn-{X-Ønse kph¿Æ-

Im-e-L- -sa∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂ Hcp Ime-L- -

Øn¬ A\nXc km[m-c-W-amb Bem-]\ ssien-

Iƒ ]n¥p-S¿∂ph∂ siΩm-¶pSn {io\n-hm-k-ø¿,

a[pssc aWn Aø¿, Pn.-F≥. _me-kp-{_-“Wyw

XpS-ßnb kwKo-Xm-Nm-cy≥am¿°v Gsd {]nb-s∏- -

Xm-bn-cp∂p IrjvWs‚ hb-en≥ hmZ-\ NmXp-cyw.

]c-º-cm-KX hgn-I-fn-eqsS am{Xw Xs‚

kwKoX ]m\v-Ymhv cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb siΩm-¶pSn

kzman -s°m∏w hb-en≥ hmbn -°p∂

kpJw H∂pth-sd-X-s∂-bm-sW∂v IrjvW≥

Hm¿°p-∂p.

Pn.-F≥.-_n.-bpsS NSp-e-ß-fmb kzc-hn-\ym-

k-ß-fn¬ hb-en≥ X{¥n-\n-\mZw ebn-∏n®v hmbn-

°pI F∂Xv A\p-`q-Xn-Zm-b-I-amb Hcp A\p-`-h-

am-Wv. Hmtcm Io¿Ø-\-Øn\pw Pn.-F≥.-_n. Hmtcm

ssien-bn-ep≈ Bem-]\ coXn-bmWv Ah-ew-_n-

°p-∂-Xv. Pn.-F≥.-kn. bpsS ""Xma-X-a≥ kzman......''

F∂ Io¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Bem-]\ kuμcyw

as‰mcp Kmb-I\pw B Io¿Ø\w Be-]n -

°ptºmƒ In´p-I-bn-√.

aZpssc aWn Aø-cpsS "eb-`mhw' Ah¿Æ-

\o-b-amWv B eb-`w-Kn-bn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn™ ""F∏-

h-cp-hm-tcm......'' XpS-ßnb Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ Hcp

¢mknIv ]cn-th-j-tØmsS C∂pw Xe-ap-d-I-fn¬

\n∂pw Xe-ap-d-I-fn-tebv°v ssIam-‰-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬

AXn-ibw sX√p-an-√. IrjvW≥ ]d-bp-∂p.

kwKoX km{am´mbn-cp∂ Acn-b-IpSn cmam-

\p-P-ø-¶m-cpsS It®-cn°v ]°w hmbn-°m≥ A\-

h[n thZn-I-fn¬ IrjvW≥ H∂n®n-´p-≠v. AXp-

sIm-≠p-Iq-Sn-bmhmw Acn-b-Ip-Sn-bpsS A\p-]-a-amb

"iaI' {]tbm-K-ßƒ Xs‚ hb-en≥ X{¥n-I-fn¬

Bhm-ln-°m≥ IrjvW\v Ign-™p. XpS¿∂n-

tßm´v alm-cm-P-]pcw hniz-\m-Y-ø¿ XpS-ßnb

kwKoX {]Xn-` -I-fpam-bp -≠mb kl-hmkw

IrjvW-\nse AXpey {]Xn- sb X\-Xmb ssien-

t`-Z-Øn-tebv°v \bn-°m≥ km[n-®p.

I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Øns‚ Bflmhv sXm´-

dn™ Cu kwKoX al-Øp-°-fp-ambn Zo¿L-Im-

esØ Bfl-_-‘w-sIm≠v kv]pSw sNbvX-SpØ

IrjvWs‚ hb-en≥ \mZw Ign™ Fgp-]-Ø©v

h¿j-ß-fmbn `mc -Xob kwKo -X -k-` -Ifpw

sNssº-bpsS It®-cn-bn¬ ]me-°mSv aWn Aøcpw,Sn.-F≥. IrjvW\pw

- 85 -


IS∂v Ggp-I-S-ep-Iƒ°-∏pdw hsc ams‰m-en-sIm-

≈p-∂p.

F∂m¬ Ign™ H∂c-]-Xn-‰m-≠mbn Cu

hb-en≥ N{I-h¿Øn tkmtfm kwKo-X-k-Z- p-Iƒ

am{Xsa sNøp-∂p-≈q. Kpcp-ap-J-Øp-\n∂pw e`n®

ip≤kwKo-X-tØm-Sp≈ {]Xn--]Øn Xs∂-bmWv

Ct∏m-gsØ kwKo-X-⁄¿°v ]°w hmbn-°p-∂-

Xn¬ \n∂pw Fs‚ kwKoX a\- ns\ ]n≥Xn-cn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

ip≤-kw-Ko-X-Øns‚ Bflm-hns\ kzmwio-

I-cn®v It®cn \S-Øn-b-h-cm-bn-cp∂p Ign™ Xe-

ap-d-bnse kwKoX {]Xn-`-Iƒ. Kpcp-`-‡nbpw X\-

Xmb ssien ip≤-Xbpw B {]Xn-`-I-fpsS kZ-

p-Isf Hc\p-`-h-am°n am‰n-.

C∂v "Kpcp- ‡n' F∂Xv Hcp {]I-S-\-ambn

amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ahn-Sp∂pw Chn-Sp∂pw IS-sa-SpØv

"A\p-I-cW ssien-I-fn-eqsS kz¥w kwKoX

hy‡n-Xzw-t]mepw ASn-bdh-®p-sIm≠v ]e kwKo-

X-⁄cpw Db-cm≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ AXn\v ]°w

hmbn-®m¬ ip≤-kw-Ko-XsØ Poh-hm-bp-hm-bn-°≠

Fs‚ Kpcp-]-c-ºc kln°n-√. ""KaI'' hiy-X-tb-

dnb B hm-Z-\-ssien {ihn-°p-tºmƒ Hmtcm

kwKoX t{]an-bp-sSbpw A¥-cwKw sImXn-®p-

t]mIpw Cu am{¥oI \mZ-[mc F°m-ehpw CS-ap-

dn-bmsX Xß-fpsS a\- n¬ Ipfn¿ ag-bmbn

s]bvXn-d-ßp∂ km¥z\ kwKo-X-am-Is´ F∂v.

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kzmanicWw

A`njvS kn≤n-bv°mbn Ien-bp-K-h-c-Z-\mb K-hm≥

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io [¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn\v

hnti-jm¬ hgn-]m-Sv, DZ-bm-kvX-a\]qP

hgn-]mSv \S-Øp-hm≥ Xmev]-cy-ap≈ ‡-P-\-ßƒ

kan-Xn-bp-amtbm ta¬im-¥n-bp-amtbm _‘-s∏-Sp-I.

- 86 -


tUm. _n. ]pjv] IrjvW≥

kIehm°pIƒ°pw As√¶n¬ hmIvab

Øn\v, B[mcamb kwKoXw Hcp \mZ mjbmWv.

{]]©w apgph\pw \mZmflIamWv. \mtZm]mk\

F∂Xv tam£{]m]vXn°p≈ D]m[nbmWv F∂

kXyw a\ nem°nb ]e kwKoX ⁄m\nIfpw

AhchcpsS Io¿Ø\ßfn¬ IqSn ]camflm

hns\ \mZcq]nbmbn A\pk‘m\w sNøp∂

Imcyw ]cma¿in®n´p≠v. kwKoXsØ°pdn®v

thZßfnepw D]\njØpIfnepw a‰pw

hnhcn®n´ps≠¶nepw {]mtbmKnI XeØn¬

a\pjys‚ kmwkv°mcnI PohnXhpambn

_‘s∏´mWv, kwKoXØns‚ ]cnWmaw

As√¶n¬ hnIk\w D≠mbn´p≈Xv. hnhn[

IeIƒ F√mw Xs∂ a\pjykwkv°mcsØ

sIń∏Sp°m≥ klmbn°p∂ D]m[nIfmWv.

Ahbn¬ G‰hpw t{ijvThpw, Znhyhpw, kuJy

hpambXv kwKoXamWv.

kzckaqlßfpsS klmbtØmsS

Bib {]IS\w \SØp∂ Cu \mZ `mjbv°v

Hcp hy‡nbpsS ]e hnImcßtfbpw ˛`‡n,

tIm]w, irwKmcw, kt¥mjw, im¥X, k¶Sw

XpSßnbh {]ISam°phm\pw Ignbpw. Hcp

hy‡nbpsS a\ ns‚ GIm{KXbv°v

A\pKpWambn tN¿∂v hnhn[ mhßƒ°v cq]w

\¬Iphm\pw km[n°p∂p. kwKoXØns‚

ÿmbnbmb cq]w i_vZamWv. i_vZØns‚

\m\mXzØn¬ DcpØncnbp∂XmWv kwKoXw.

{]IrXnbnse Hmtcm Ne\Ønepw kwKoXw D≠v.

`qan Nen°p∂p, Im‰p hoip∂p, CeIƒ

Nen°p∂p, Cßs\ FhnsS t\m°nbmepw Hcp

XmfØneqsSbmWv \oßp∂Xv. a\pjyicoc

Ønse \mUnIƒ XpSn°p∂Xv, lrZbw

XpSn°p∂Xv Cßs\ F√mw ]co£n®m¬ Hcp

AfhneqsSbmWv. Afhv sX‰ptºmgmWv

{]bmkw D≠mIp∂Xv. GXn\pw Afhv, Xn´w,

Hcp Nn´ thWw.

tbmKimkv{X {]Imcw a\pjys‚

icocØn¬ hnhn[ N{Ißƒ D≠v. Ahsb

DW¿Øphm≥ \mtZm]mk\bn¬ IqSn

A\mbmtk\ km[yamWv. Fßs\bmbmepw

i_vZßtfmfw ]g°ap≈ k]vXkzcßfmWv

kwKoXØn\v B[mcw. Chsb {IaoIcWw

sNbvXv ip≤hpw \√ abhpw tN¿∂v

kwKoXØn\v DXIp∂ BtcmKyhpw kuJy

hpap≈ \mZambn cq]s∏SpØnbm¬ kwKoXw

\√Xpt]mse ]mSn {]ISn∏n°m≥ Ignbp∂p;

D]mk\bneqsS.

imcocnIhpw, am\knIhpamb BtcmKy

Øn\pth≠n BZnXy `Khms\ D]mkn°p∂Xp

t]mse PohnXØnse t¢ihpw {]bmkhpw

amdm≥ \mtZm]mk\bv°v As√¶n¬ kwKoX

Bcm[\bv°v km[n°pw. Bflmhns\

Adnbm\pw B\μw A\p`hn°m\pw km[n°pw.

Hcp hy‡n Ah\nep≈ ]e hn[Øn

ep≈ hnjb Nn¥Isf√mw ad°pItbm, am‰n

shbv°pItbm sNbvXm¬ am{Xta [\y\mhp

Itbm, e£yØnseØpItbm sNøm≥ km[n°q

(kwKoXØn¬ IqSn km[n°pw).

icocØn\v hymbmaw Bhiysa∂Xp

t]mse Xs∂ a\ n\pw AXv BhiyamWv.

kwKoXw tI´psImt≠m, ]‰psa¶n¬ ]mSn

sImt≠m, aqfns°mt≠m tPmenbn¬ hym]rX

cmbm¬ apjnhp tXm∂msX Imcyßƒ s]s´∂v

\oßpw. \mtSmSn Km\ßƒ ]eXpw Aßs\

cq]s∏´XmWv. hnØpIƒ hnXbv°ptºmƒ,

]mSØv sImøptºmƒ, sh≈w tImcptºmƒ,

h≠n hen°ptºmƒ, Rmdv \Sptºmƒ ˛ Cßs\

]e tPmenIƒ°nSbnepw Ah¿ AdnbmsX

]mSnbncp∂p. Nnet∏mƒ Znhk tPmen°n

Sbntem tPmenIƒ Xo¿Øtijtam P\ßƒ

kwLw tN¿∂v ]mSn kt¥mjn°p ambncp∂p

]≠v. Aßs\ AhcpsS Zn\Ncy bn¬ kwKoXw

IqSn Dƒs∏SpØn Pohn°p∂ h¿°v Hcp

]cn[nhsc kv{S v C√msX BtcmKyhpw

kwKoXhpw BtcmKyhpw

- 87 -


\ne\n¿Øphm≥ km[n°p ambncp∂p.

sNSnIfpw acßfpw t]mepw kwKoXw

tI´m¬ \√ Imbvêßƒ Xcp∂p F∂Xpw Hcp

kXyamWv. AXpt]mse ]£narKmZnIfpw

k¿∏hpsa√mw kwKoXckw˛Km\ckØn

\[o\cmWv F∂p≈Xv hfsc ]gatbdnb t«mIw

sXfnbn°p∂p.

iniq¿ thØn ]iq¿ thØn

thØn Km\ckw ^Wn:

kwKoXØn\v Huj[ KpWaps≠

∂dn™ hntZinIsf√mw AhchcpsS

cmPyßfnse Bip]{XnIfnepw a‰p

ÿm]\ßfnepw kwKoXw Hcp D]m[nbmbn

{]tbmKn®p XpSßnbn´ v F{Xsb{Xtbm

Imeambn. ]t£ AXns‚ aqeImcWw \ΩpsS

`mcØnse thZßfnepw a‰pw ]≠p ]t≠

]cma¿in®n´ps≠¶nepw AXns‚ BtcmKyhiw

Nn¥n°m≥ hfsc ]Xps°bmWv \ΩpsS

BfpIƒ XpSßnbncn°p∂Xv F∂Xv Hcp Zp:J

kXyamWv.

a\pjyicocØnep≈ \mUnIƒ,

RcºpIƒ,c‡[a\nIƒ, lrZbanSn∏pIƒ

apXembhsb√mw Hcp t]mse \nb{¥n°phm≥

kwKoX BkzmZ\w G‰hpw \√XmWv.

a\ am[m\amWt√m Gh¿°pw

Bhiyamb Hcp LSIw. AXv kwKoXØn¬

IqSn e`n°pw F∂Xv Xo¿®bmWv. a\ ns‚

BtcmKyØn\p th≠n a\\w sNøp∂Xv

DØaamWv. AtXmsSm∏w AXn¬ Aev]w

kwKoXw IqSnbmbm¬ Xo¿®bmbpw a\\w

sNøp∂ hy‡nbv°v kt¥mjhpw kam[m\hpw

Ah\dnbmsX e`n°pw. F∂pw Ipd®p kabw

A\ph¿Øn®m¬ Dt∑jtØmsS DtØP\

tØmsS Pohn°m≥ km[n°pw. X∑qew \√Xv

Nn¥n°phm\pw, {]h¿Øn°phm\pw tXm∂pw.

[ym\w sNbvXv a\ ns\ \nb{¥n°m≥

]mIs∏SpØm≥ {ian°p∂Xp t]mse kwKoXw

sIm≠v Ffp∏Øn¬, thKØn¬ a\ ns\ ]nSn®v

\n¿Øm≥ km[n°p∂tXmsSm∏w, BtcmKyw

kwc£n°phm\pw ]‰pw. NnIn’m k{ºZmb

Ønse√mw, {]tXyIn®v am\knItcmKßƒ°v,

Hcp D]m[nbmbn kwKoXw D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂p.

XßfpsS Zp:JsØ ad°p∂p.

Ct∏mgsØ Xnc°n´ PohnXNcybn¬

Xo¿®bmbpw kwKoXw BhiyamWv. Ahc

hcpsS C—bv°\pkcn®v Km\ßƒ {ihn°p

Itbm, Be]n°pItbm sNbvXm¬ a\ n\p

kpJhpw im¥nbpw e`n°p∂Xp aqew

icocØn\v KpWhpw kuJyhpap≠mIpw.

BtcmKy kºØn\pw \∂v. Aßs\ kwKoXw,

BkzZn°phm≥ DXIp∂ Hcp hnjbhpw,

BtcmKy kwc£WØn\v Hcp Huj[hpamWv.

hnjbNn¥Iƒ°XoXamb `KhXv

Nn¥bneqsS am{Xw BflkpJhpw kt¥mjhpw

t\Sm≥ Ffp∏amb am¿§w kwKoX D]m

k\bmsW∂pw P\ßƒ AXv a\ nem°n

{]mh¿ØnIam°Wsa∂pw At\Iw ap\nhcy

∑mcpw, kwKoX{KŸImc∑mcpw kwKoX⁄m

\nIfpw a‰pw A`n{]mbs∏ń´p≈Xn¬ bmsXmcp

A¤pXhpan√. \√ kwKoXw D≈ ÿeØv

kv{S n\v CSan√. Aßs\ KpWhpw kuJyhpw

BtcmKyhpap≈ icochpw imcochpw D≈h¿°v

kt¥mjtØmSpw BtcmKytØmSpw IqSn

Pohn°m≥ km[n°pw F∂Xn¬ bmsXmcp

kwibhpw C√. kwKoXw D≈ ÿeØv

BtcmKyhpw D≠mIpw.

tUm. _n. ]pjv]m IrjvW≥ : {]ikvX kwKo-X⁄, tIcf k¿Δ-I-em-ime

kwKoX hn`mKw ta[m-hn.

- 88 -


{io. A\n¬

kwKoX-]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬i_vZ-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-\p≈ {]m[m\yw

A-\p-Zn\w hf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu

temI-Øn¬ as‰√m taJ-e-bn-se-∂-t]mse i_vZ-

kw-hn-[m-\hpw hf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp thZn-

bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ F¥p ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-bmepw

AXn\v C∂v ku≠v knÃw IqSntb Xocp.

tÃPn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ kwKo-XsØ F{Xbpw

hy‡-am-bn- pw, kv pS-am-bn´pw ImXn\v Cº-am¿∂

coXn-bn¬ t{imXm-°sf tIƒ∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv

\s√mcp ku≠v knÃw hgn Hcp ku≠v F©n-

\o-b¿ sNtø-≠-Xv. AXn\v ]°-ta-f-°m-cp-sS, Kmb-

I-cp-sS, t{imXm-°-fpsS k¿tΔm-]cn kwLm-S-I-

cpsS ]n¥pW B ku≠v sNøp∂ Bfn\v D≠m-

bn-cn-°-Ww. Hcp ku≠v F©n-\o-b¿°v Bhiyw

th≠Xv kwKoX ⁄m\hpw hmtZym-]-I-c-W-ß-

fn¬ \n∂pw hcp∂ i_vZ-ßsf Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈

Ignhpw {ipXn-I-fpsS G‰-˛-Xm-gvN-Ifpw BWv.

CsXm-∂p-an-√msX ku≠v sNøp∂ hncp-X-∑m-cpw

Cu cwKØv [mcmfw D≠v F∂Xv k¶-S-I-c-amb

hkvXpX Xs∂-bm-Wv. tÃPn-en-cn-°p∂ kwKo-X-

I-cpsS IqsS A©v ssZh-ßƒ Ds≠-∂m-Wv

k¶¬∏w. AXn¬ H∂maXv PK-Xo-iz-c≥ Xs∂-

bm-Wv. c≠m-a-tØXv t{imXm-°ƒ, aq∂m-a-tØXv

]°-ta-f-°m¿, \mem-a-tØXv Ah¿ \n¬°p∂

`qan (tÃ-Pv), A©m-a-tØXv ssa°v knÃw.

C{Xbpw {]m[m-\y-ap≈ CXns\ AXn-t‚-Xmb

]q¿Æ-amb khn-ti-j-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn sNøm≥ Hcp

ku≠v F≥Pn-\o-b¿°v D≠m-tI-≠-Xmb kml-

N-cy-ßƒ Ch-sbm-s°-bm-Wv. H∂ma-Xmbn \√

KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ ku≠v knÃw, hmtZym-]-I-c-W-

ß-fpsS Izmfn-‰n, ]cn-]mSn \S-Øp∂ ÿe-Øns‚

{]tXy-IX (A-Xm-bXv Ft°m C√mØ ÿew

F∂¿∞w). C{Xbpw Ds≠-¶n¬ ˛ Hcp ]cn[n

hsc i_vZ-kw-hn-[m-\sØ \∂mbn sNøm≥

km[n-°pw.

C\n Ipd®v s]mXp-Im-cy-ßƒ ]d-™p-sIm-

≈-s´. kwkm-c-Øn-\m-sW-¶n¬ ssa°v Hcn©v

AI-e-Øn¬ am{Xw ]nSn -°p -I. As√-¶n¬

ssa°n¬ \n∂v AIew IqSp-t¥mdpw i_vZhpw

Ipd-™p-h-cpw. C\n ]m´p-Im-c-\m-sW-¶n¬ i_vZ-

Øns‚ G‰-Xm-gvN-Iƒ°-\p-k-cn®v ssa°v ASp-

∏n®pw AI-Ønbpw ]nSn-°-Ww. CXn-s\-bmWv

ssa°v _me≥kv F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS

\mń¬ {]mkw-Kn -I -cpƒs∏sS ]ecpw

ssa°n¬\n∂pw 1 ASn F¶nepw Zqsc amdn-\n-

∂mWv kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CsXm-gn-hm-°p-∂Xv

\∂m-bn-cn-°pw. AXp-t]mse tÃPns‚ c≠ph-

iØpw kv]o°¿ hbv°p-tºmƒ GI-tZiw \Sp-

`m-K-Øm-bn-Xs∂ ku≠v sNøp∂ Bƒ Ccn-

°Ww CXv kmt¶-XnIamb Hcp XXz-amWv \n¿`m-

Ky-h-im¬ \ΩpsS \mń¬. Acn-Intem As√-¶n¬

Hcp Hgn™ tImWntem Bbn-cn°pw ku≠v

sNøp∂ Bsf Ccp-Øp-∂Xv (C-cn-bv°p-∂-Xv).

- 89 -


Cßs\ Ccp-∂m¬ Abmƒ°v kwKo-XsØ

t{imXm-°ƒ tIƒ°p-∂-Xp-t]mse tI´v i_vZ-

Øns\ _me≥kv sNøm-\m-In√ F∂-Xp-X-s∂.

am{X-a√ t{]m{Km -an\v sImSp -°p∂ AtX

{]m[m\ywXs∂ ku≠v knÃ-Øn\pw sImSp-°-

Ww. ImcWw knÃw \∂m-bn-cp-∂m-se ]cn-]m-

Snsb ]q¿Æ hnP-b-Øn-se-Øn-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-

bp-≈q. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xp-hm≥ [mcm-f-ap-≠v.

ÿe-]-cn-an-Xn-aqew ChnsS Npcp-°p-I-bm-Wv. Fs‚

Ffnb Adn-hn¬ tXm∂nb Imcyw {]nb `‡-cp-

ambn ]¶p-h-®p-sIm≠pw CXn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw

sXt‰m Ipdthm h∂p-t]m-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ kZbw

£an-°Ww F∂p-IqsS ]d-™p-sIm≠pw Cu

Ipdn∏v ChnsS Ah-km-\n-∏n-®p-sIm-≈-s´.

{io A\n¬ : Km\{]hoW, ku≠v F©n-\o-b¿

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{io ]q¿Æ-{X-bo-is‚ ]d Fgp∂≈n∏v

2012 s^{_p-hcn 16,-hymgw

tZi-\m-Y-\mb {io ]q¿Æ{X-bo-is\ Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc

t£{X-Øn-tebv°v \nd-]-d-tbm-Sp-IqSn hc-th¬°p-∂p.

`‡-P-\-ßƒ°v ]d \nd-bv°p-hm-\p≈ kuIcyw kanXn

Hcp°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

- 90 -


tUm. ]fl Fkv. Xºp-cm≥

kwKo-Xm-`ym-k\w˛ C∂-se, C∂v

¸ÉÖÊiÉ¨ÉÉÇiÉÉ ±ÉªÉ:Ê{ÉiÉÉ F∂ B]vX-hmIyw mc-Xob

kwKo-X-Øns‚ apJ-ap-{Z-bm-Wv. `mh, cmK, Xmf-

ß-fpsS eb-amWv kwKo-X-Øns‚ Poh-\m-Un.

CXn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ "`mc-Xob' kwKo-X-Øns‚

alXzw {]Xy-£-am-W-t√m. kma-Km-\-Øn¬ \n∂p-

¤-hn® mc-Xob kwKoXw 15- mw \q‰m-≠n-\p-tijw

lnμp-ÿm\n kwKoXw F∂pw I¿Æm-SI kwKo-

X-sa∂pw c≠p kc- p-I-fmbn th¿Xn-cn-™p. kzc

Ka-I-ß-fpsS {]tbm-K-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ hyXym-k-amWv

Cu c≠p imJ-I-tfbpw th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

kwKo-Xm-`ym -k-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp-tºmƒ,

G‰hpw {]Y-a-ÿm\w "km[-I-Øn-\m-Wv. "km≤y-

a-√m-ØXv km[n-s®-Sp-°pI' ˛ CXmWv km[Iw

F∂ hm°n-\¿∞w. 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠v, 20-˛mw \q‰m-

≠ns‚ XpS-°-Ønepw kwKoXw A`y-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv

Kpcp-Ip-e-Øn¬ \n∂p-am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. h¿j-ß-

tfmfw Kpcp-hn-t\m-sSm∏w hkn®v, Kpcp-hn-\p-th≠

ip{iq-j-Ifpw sNbvXp, Kpcp-hns‚ kuI-cy-Øn-\-

\p-k-cn®v kwKoXw A`y-kn-°pI ˛ CXmWv

A∂sØ coXn. C∂-sØ-t∏mse "ske£\v'

kzmX-¥y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Kpcp-ap-J-Øn¬ \n∂p-

h-cp∂ kwKoXw am{Xta injy≥ {ihn-°p-∂p-

≈q. AXn-I-Tn-\-amb Zn\-N-cy-I-fm-bn-cp∂p injy\v

Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]t£, AXn-s‚-

sb√mw êw injy\v PohnX kmêyw Xs∂.

BN{μ-Xmcw hnf-ßp∂ Xmc-ß-fmbn Cu injy-

sc√mw kwKoX temIØv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. {io.

Acn-b-°pSn cmam-\pP Aø-¶m-cpsS {][m\ injy-

\m-bn-cp∂ {io. ]me-°mSv sI.-hn. \mcm-b-W-kzman

Kpcp-Ipe hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv kwKoX

km{am´v Bb-Xv. amk-ß-tfmfw Kpcp injys\

t\cn¬ Hcp IrXn-t]mepw ]Tn-∏n-°p-I- D≠m-bn-ń-

s√∂v At±-l-Øns‚ Poh-N-cn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-

®m¬ a\- n-em-Ipw. F∂m¬ Kpcp-hn\v kz¥w It®-

cn-Iƒs°√mw injys‚ AI-º-Sn-bp-≠m-hpw.

kwKo-Xm- ym-k-\-Øn\v G‰hpw {][m\ LS-I-amWv

"tIƒhn-PvRm\w'. Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Kpcp-ap-J-

Øn¬ \n∂v tIƒ°p-∂-X-√msX thsdmcp ssien

injy≥ {ihn-°p-I-bn-√.

C∂v, Kpcp-Ipe am¿§-Øn¬ kwKo-X-a-`y-kn-

°p-∂-h¿ hnc-f-am-Wv. ]t£, Cu coXn-bn¬ cq]w-

sIm≠ {]Xn-`-I-sf-sb√mw temIw AwKo-I-cn-®n-

´p-≠v, Bcm-[n-®n-´p-≠v.

C\n ÿm]-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ A`y-k\

coXn ]cn-tim-[n°mw (institutionalised learning).km[m-c-W-bm-bn, cmhnse apX¬ sshIp-t∂cw

hsc Hmtcm aWn-°q¿ ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ ]T\ ka-

b-amWv \ne-hn-ep-≈-Xv. A≤ym-]-Icpw ]e ssien

Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-h-cm-Imw. ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v, ]e-cp-

sSbpw kwKo-X-ssien tIƒ°m\pw Dƒs°m-≈m-

\p-ap≈ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂p. Kpcp-Ipe k{º-Zm-

b-Øn¬, injy-\p-th≠ kwKo-X-⁄m-\hpw Pohn-

Xm-\p-`-h-⁄m-\hpw Kpcp-hn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ e`n-

bv°p-∂p. ]t£, ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ tN¿∂p ]Tn-

bv°p-∂-h¿°v kwKo-XsØ Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-

°m≥, Bkz-Zn-°m≥, A\p-`-hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-

∂pt≠m F∂p kwi-b-am-Wv. C∂v PohnX am¿§-

Øn-\p-th≠n am{Xw kwKo-X-a-`y-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-W-

[n-I-hpw. AXn-\p-th-≠n, kwKo-X-Øn-t\mSv _‘-

ap-≈tXm A√m-ØtXm Bb ]e hnj-b-ßfpw

]Tn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Cu hnin-jvS-I-

esb Bg-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈m-\p≈ Ah-k-chpw

Ipd-bp-∂p.

ÿm]-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ kwKo-Xm-`ym-k-\-

Øn\v \n¿∫-‘-ambpw Nne \n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]men-

- 91 -


t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

1. HcmgvN (25 aWn-°q¿)bn¬ Ipd-

™Xv 15 aWn-°q¿ kwKo-Xm-

`y-k-\-Øn\v (Practicals) am{X-

am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

2. BgvN-bn¬ Ht∂m ct≠m

aWn -°q¿ BUn -tbm -˛ -ho -

Untbm ¢m pIƒ \n¿∫-‘-

am-°-Ww. alm-∑m-cpsS It®-cn-

Iƒ tIƒ°m\pw AXn-eqsS

\qX-\ -amb Adn -hp -Iƒ

t\Sm\pw Ahsc k÷-am-°-

Ww.

3. amk-Øn¬ Hcp Xh-W-sb-¶nepw Hmtcm

hnZym¿∞nbpw Ahs‚ ]T-\-]p-tcm-KXn sXfn-

bn-°p∂ Hcp t{]m{Kmw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww.

AXm-bXv {]mIvSn-°¬ Hmdn-b‚Uv Bbn-

´p≈ GXp Ie-Iƒ A`y-kn-°p-hm\pw {]mIvSn-

°¬ ¢mkn\v ap≥Xq°w sImSp-Øp-sIm-≠p≈

]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bmWv th≠-Xv.

C∂v, tIc-f-Øn¬ 3 ÿm]-\-ß-fmWv

kwKoX tImtf-Pp-I-fmbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Xncp-

hn -Xmw -Iq¿ cmP-hw -i -Øns‚

kw`m-h-\-bmbn {io kzmXn-Xn-cp-

\mƒ tImtfPv Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw,

sIm®n cmP-hw-i-Øns‚ kw`m-h-

\-bmb B¿.-F¬.-hn. tImtfPv

Hm^v ayqknIv & ss^≥ B¿Svkv,

Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d, ]me-°mSv sNssº

kvamcI kwKoX tImtfPv. CXn-

\p-]p-dta tIcf Fw.-Pn. Imen-°‰v

IÆq¿, ImeSn F∂o k¿Δ-I-em-

im-e-I-fn¬ ayqknIv Un∏m¿´v

sa‚ vkv thsd-bp-ap≠v. kzmXn-Xn-

cp-\mƒ kwKoX tImtf-Pn¬ {io

siΩ-¶pSn {io\n -hm -k-ø¿

{]n≥kn-∏ƒ Bbn-cp∂ Imew, tIc-f-Ønse

I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Øns‚ kph¿Æ-Im-e-am-bn-cp-

∂p. Hcp cmKw Bem-]\w XpS-ßn-bm¬ aWn-°q-

dp-I-tfmfw \o≠p-\n¬°pw B ¢mkv. at\m-˛-hm-Iv-

˛-i-cocw˛F√mw \qdp-i-X-am\w kwKo-X-Øn-e¿∏n-

®-h-cm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ Kpcphpw injy-cpw.

{iosi-Ω-¶pSn {io\n-hm-k-ø-cpsS injy-]-c-º-c-

bn¬s∏´ {io amth-en-°c {]`m-I-c-h¿Ω Cu

kμ¿`-Øn¬ G‰hpw kvac-Wo-b-\m-Wv. C{Xbpw

]qP-\o-b-\mb kwKo-X-Nm-cy\v th≠{X AwKo-

Imcw At±lw Pohn-®n-cp∂ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Inń-

bn-´pt≠m F∂v kwi-b-am-Wv. Hcp icm-icn

Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd B¿. F¬. hn. kwKoX tImtfPv

]me-°mSv sNssº kwKoX tImtfPv

- 92 -


⁄m\-ap≈ hnZym¿∞n-bv°p-

t]mepw kc-f-amb am¿§-Øn-

eqsS kwKo-X-Øns‚ Ah-

Kmlw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-co-Xn-bn-

ep≈ A≤ym-]\ coXn-bm-bn-

cp∂p {io. h¿Ω kmdn-t‚-Xv.

Hcp kwKoX hnZym¿

∞n°v C∂v kwKo-X-a-`y-kn-

bv°m≥ am¿§-ßƒ Gsd-

bmWv. F¶n-epw, Kpcp-ap-J-Øn¬ \n∂pw t\cn´v

A`y-kn°p-∂-Xns‚ A\p- -h-⁄m\w as‰mcp am¿§-

Øn-eq-sSbpw e`n-°n-s√∂v Xo¿®-bm-Wv. Imk-‰vkv,

kn.-Un.-Iƒ, hn.-kn.-Un-Iƒ XpS-ßnb ]e B[p-\n-

tIm-]-I-c-W-ßepw Ah-ew-_n®v kwKoX tZh-

Xsb a\- n-em-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-h¿ C∂v [mcm-f-

am-Wv. kwKo-X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\w lrZn-ÿ-am-b-

h¿ am{Xsa Cu am¿§w kzoI-cn-°m≥ ]mSp-≈q.

{]mtbm-KnI Xe-Øn¬ hcp∂ sX‰p-Iƒ a\- n-

em°n Xcm≥ Cu Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv D]-I-c-W-

ßƒs°m∂pw km≤y-a-√-t√m. CXn-\p-]p-dta "Hm¨

sse≥ ÃUokv' Cu \p‰m-≠ns‚ apJ-ap-{Z-bm-Wv.

`qtKm-f-Øns‚ c≠p Zn°n-en-cp∂v Kpcphpw injy\pw

C‚¿s\‰v hgn kwh-Zn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv Cu coXn.

injys‚ {]tbm-K-X-e-Øn-ep≈ sX‰p-Iƒ Xncp-

Øm≥ km[n-°p-sa-∂Xv Cu "Hm¨ sse≥

¢mkns‚ Hcp \√hi-am-Wv. Cu coXn-bn-ep≈

]T\w aqew Hcp hnZym¿∞n°v `qtem-I-Øns‚

GXp `mK-Øp-\n-∂m-bmepw CjvS-s∏´ Kpcp-hns‚

]mT-ßƒ ]Tn-°mw.

kwKo-X-tem-IØv Kth-jW {]_-‘-ßfpw

[mcmfw CSw t\Sn-°-gn-™p. F¶n-epw, icn-bmb

coXn-bn¬ Kth-jWw \S-Øn, Xøm-dm-°nb {]_-

‘-ßƒ FÆ-Øn¬ Ipd-hmWv. Hmtcm Kth-j-

Whpw kwKo-X-tem-IsØ Hmtcm \qX-\-ta-J-esb

At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

Cu Ime-L- -Ønse {]tXy-I-X-bmb ""dnbm-

en‰n tjm''Iƒ s]mXp kaq-lsØ Iog-S-°n-bn-´p-

≠v. kwKoXw GXp coXn-bn¬ ]Tn-®mepw Cu

"tjm'bn¬ ]s¶SpØn-s√-¶n¬ PohnXw Xs∂

hy¿∞-sa∂p hniz-kn-bv°p∂ Hcp "aqV-k-¶e-

ev]-Øn-\-Sn-a-bm-b-h¿ Gsd-bm-Wv. CXv ]pXp-X-e-

ap-d-bpsS mhnsb Ccp- n-em-°p-Itb D≈q. Xobn\p

]pdsI ]mbp∂ Cubmw ]m‰-bpsS Ah-ÿ-bn-

te°v t]mIm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ \∂v!

I¿Æm-SI kwKo-Xw, lnμp-ÿm\n kwKo-

Xw, efnX kwKo-Xw XpSßn GXp kwKoX imJ-

bn-em-bmepw, \nc-¥cw {ih-W-Øn-eqsS tIƒhn-

⁄m\w h¿≤n-∏n-®v, tI´v a\- n-em-°n-b-Xns\

km[Iw sNbvXp-d-∏n-bv°p-∂-h-cpsS ka£w

kwKoX tZhX {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂p PohnXw [\y-

am-°n-Ø-cp-∂p.!

tUm. ]fl Fkv. Xºp-cm≥ : Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd B¿. F¬. hn. tImtf-Pnse hoW

hn`mKw ta[m-hn.

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amth-en-°c B¿.{]`m-I-c-h¿Ω

- 93 -


kwKoX Ncn-{X-Ønse A]q¿Δ \nan-j-ßƒ

Falicitation to G.N.B. Krishna Gana Sabha, Madras PalghatMani Iyer speaks

Musiri, Tiruvalangadu Sundaresa Iyer & Guruvayur Dorai. Vocalsupport by T.K. Govinda Rao & K.S. Venkataraman

Edinbrugh Festival 1965 Mani Iyer Raja Mani KVN Lalgudi

T. R. Mahalingam in action D.K. Pattammal

Maharajapuram - Govindaraj Pillai - Palghat Mani Iyer - SwaminathaPillai (Bombay Concert) (Tampura - Maharajapuram Santhanam)

Stdg. Left: Tanjore Vaidyanatha Iyer, Right: Musiri Subramania IyerSitting: T. K. Moorthy

- 94 -


IrjvW-aq¿Øn

P¬km L¿

hnkvXr-X-amb Aº-e-ap-‰hpw Aº-e-a-Xnepw

XnS-∏n-≈n-`n-Ønbpw Iym≥hm-km-°nb Ipń-°m-e-

Øm-Wv. ]®n-e-Ifpw ]q°fpw \nd-ß-fmb Ipń-

°m-ew. \nc-¥-c-hm-b-\bpw k‘y-s°mcp Znh-

kw.... Fs∂ms° IpØn-°p-dn-°-epw. ]T-\-Im-

ehpw B {]mbhpw Hm¿Ω-bn-s√∂pw Iqń-t°m-

fq..... Cß-s\-bn-cn-s°bmWv Hcp sshIp-t∂cw

]cn-]m-eb ]cn-]m-eb cLp-\mY tIƒ°p-∂-Xv

BIm-i-hm-Wn-bn¬ \n∂mWv. hmbn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cp∂ A£-c-ßsf aS-°n-sbm-Xp°n sNhn-sIm-Sp-

Øp. a\ pw IÆpw Xqin-®p. cma cma cma cma

tImZ-WvU-cm-a, Fw.-Un. cma-\m-Y≥ ]mSnb

dn°mUv Fs∂m-c-dn-bn-∏pw.

hymJym-\-ßƒ... Bh¿Øn®ptI´v hne-bn-cp-Øm-

\p≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. kml-N-cy-

ßƒ... tPmenbpw tS∏v dn°mUpw kz¥-ambn hn-

®-t∏m-gmWv Fw.-Un. cma-\m-Ys\ ]nSn-®-Sp-Øn-cp-

Øp-∂-Xv.

kwKoXw F∂m¬ am[pcyw F∂p tcJ-s∏-

Sp-Øn-b-am-Xn-cn-bm-Wv Aen-Jn-X-\n-b-aw. Xs‚ Icp-

Øp‰ imco-c-Øn\p tbmPn-°p∂ Xc-Øn-te°p

kwKo-XsØ sacp-°n-sb-SpØv Fw.-Un. cma-\m-Y≥

AXp Xncp-Øn. 1956 Ime-L-´-ß-fnse It®-cn-I-

fn¬ Kpcp ssSK¿ hc-Zm-Nm-cn-bpsS Omb hoWn-

cp-s∂-¶nepw ]ns∂-∏ns∂ AXp-am-dn. auen-I-am-

bn. A\p-I-cWw Akm-≤y-hpw. ap≥Iqń Btem-

Nn-®pNn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-SpØ Bem-]\ coXn-b-√-Xv.

C∂-e-tØ-Xns‚ Bh¿Ø-\-hp-a-√. \nanj coXn-

bm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v ]n∂n-en-cn-°p∂ injys‚

ZuXyw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Pew FSp-Øp-sIm-Sp-

°¬ am{X-am-Wv, IqsS ]mSp-I-b-√.

Hmtcm Io¿Ø-\-Øn\pw Hmtcm Afhv \n›-

bn-®n-´p-≠v. Io¿Ø-\-Øn-te-°m-gv∂n-d-ßnbt∏mƒ

Inńb Adn-hm-W-Xv. `mh-`wKn kv^pcn-°m≥ Nne

Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ. A\p-]-√-hn-bn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ XpS-

ßWw Fs∂mcp \njvI¿j-bpw..... Bt`-cn-bpsS

\Kp-tam-ap, Iam-kns‚ t{_mtN-h, kmc-a-Xn-bpsS

tam£ap F√mw Fw.-Un. cma-\m-Y\v Bdp an\n‰p

Io¿Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv. AXn¬ F√m-X-e-ß-fpw. CXp-

X-s∂-bmWv ]mIw F∂p kXyw tXm∂pw.

tam£ap {][m-\-Ir-Xn-bm-bn. X\n-bm-h¿Ø-

\w. ]t£, cmKhpw \nc-hepw kzchpw XyPn®v

tam£w Bdp-an-\n-‰n¬Ø-s∂.... Fw. N{μ-ti-J-

c≥ hb-en≥. Da-bmƒ]pcw inh-cm-a≥ arZw-Kw.

A¿∞-a-dn™p ]mSp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v kq£n-®p≈

]Zw apdn-°¬. AXn\p sImSp-°p∂ Du∂¬.

i_vZ-Øns‚ L\w

L\-Øns‚ i_vZw

F{X-t\cw Bbn-cn-∏n-cp∂p F∂-dn-bn-√....

A\-¥-]p-cn-bn¬ Nn{X-Ie ]Tn-°p-tºmgpw A£-

c-ßsf IpØn-°p-dn-°p-tºmgpw cma-\m-Y-s\bpw

tXSn Ae-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.... apJ-tØm-Sp-ap-J-ambn

ssIsb-Øp-∂-I-e-Øn¬ \h-cm{Xn aWvU-]-Øn¬,

Im¿ØnI Xncp-\mƒ Xntø-‰-dn¬ Aßp-Zq-sc....

F¥m-Wn{X?

B Kmwò-cyw. Bem-]-\-Øn¬ sImSp-°p∂

`mhw. AX-\p-k-cn®v apJØpw ssII-fnepw hcp∂

`mh-{]-I-S-\-ßƒ. shdpw {]I-S-\-a-√. a\- ns‚

- 95 -


ambm-a-f-h-Ku-f-Øns‚ hnZp-e-Ip-s{am-s°Z

F∂ XymK-cmP IrXn. Nc-W-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-

hcn {_“m-\μ kp[mw-_p-[n-a¿Ω Fw.-Un. cma-

\m-Y≥ Be-]n -°p-∂Xv {_“m-\μ F∂√

{_lvam-\μ F∂p Xncn-®m-Wv. hcp-∂-Xm-hs´

\mhn¬ \n∂-√. \m`n-bn¬ \n∂m-Wv. \mò-\m-f-

Øn¬ \n∂v. B apg-°w B hm°n¬ \nd-™n-cn-

°p-∂p. B B\-μ-km-K-cw....

P∑-\m- e-b-⁄m-\-ap≈ kwKo-X-⁄-\mWv

Fw.-Un. cma-\m-Y≥ F∂p ]me-°mSv aWn Aø¿

]d-™n- p-≠v. B eb-kn-≤nsb aWn Aø¿ hnti-

jn-∏n®p: ""{_“-ebw''.

]t£, aWn Aø¿ kzbw Acn-b-°pSn cmam-

\pP Aø-¶m¿°p sImSpØpt]mbncp∂p.

aWnAø¿ ]dbpw: ""At± -l-Øn\v

Rms\s‚ a\- p-sIm-Sp-Øp.''

Rm\Xp sImSp-Øn-√.

Fw.-Un. cma-\m-Ys‚ Nmc-Øn-cp-Øn.

F´pw ]Øpw aWn-°q¿ ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ B

It®cn k{º-Zm-bsØ Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn c≠p-

c-≠c aq∂p aWn-°q-dn-te-s°m-Xp°n {]mh¿Øn-

I-am°n hnP-bn-∏n-®Xv Acn-b-°p-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

BIm-i-hm-Wn-°p-th≠n H∂c aWn-°q-dm-°p-

tºmgpw Hcp henb It®-cn-bpsS ]q¿Æ-X-bp-≠m-

hpw. h¿Æ-Øn¬ XpSßn cmKw Xm\w ]√-hn-bn-

eqsS awKfw hsc.

Io¿Ø-\sØ Af∂p Xq°n ]mSp∂ ka-

b-Øns‚ "Afhv' \n›-bn-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Acn-

b-°p-Snbpw ISp-I- n-bm-Ip-∂p. Hcp Io¿Ø-\-Øn\p

cmKw F{X Afhp ]mS-Ww. \nc-hepw kzchpw

F{X Afhp thWw. CØn-cn-tb-D-≈psh-¶nepw

HØncn-bpsS ]q¿ÆX e`n-°-Ww.......

sNssº sshZym-\mY `mK-h-X¿, alm-cm-P-

]pcw hniz-\m-Y-ø¿, amen XpS-ßnbhcp-ambn

tN¿Øp \n¿Øn t\m°p-tºmƒ Acn-b-°pSn

cmam-\pP Aø-¶m-cpsS It®-cn°v A®-S°w IqSpw...

]m∏ sh¶- -cm-a-øbpw ]me-°mSv aWn Aø-cp-ambn

ebn-®p-tN¿∂p≈ B It®-cn-I-fn¬ Acn-b-°p-Sn-

bpsS hnZz-Xzhpw Io¿Ø-\-ß-ƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-

∂-Xnse kq£va-Xbpw \nd™p \n¬°p-∂Xp

tIƒ°mw. At±lw Xs∂ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Ønb Xncp-

∏m-h-bn-tebpw cma-\m-S-I-Øn-tebpw mK-ßƒ mh-

ßƒ.... I≠p [\y-\msU F∂t±lw ]mSp-tºmƒ

DUp∏n IrjvWs\ I≠p [\y-\mb A\p-`hw

D≠m-Ip-∂p....

a[pc aWn Aø-tcmSp tN¿∂p \n¬°p-

tºmƒ as‰m-c-\p- -h-am-Ip-∂p a[pc aWn A√ a[pcw

aWn BWv icn F∂p tXm∂pw. Fhn-sSbpw Hcp

a[p-cw... cmKw ]mSp-tºmgpw anI-hv. ssh`-hw.

kz¿KobamWm-ssi-en. At±-l-Øn\p kz¥w. kzc-

ß-fpsS Btcm-l-Wm-h-tcm-l-W-ß-fn¬ ebn-®p-

t]m-Ipw. C√m-Xm-Ipw. Im]n-\m-cm-b-WnbpsS kc-

kkm-a-Zm-\, _lp-Zm-cn-bpsS kZm-\-μ-Xm-WvU-hw,

Imwt_m-Pn-bpsS ImW-I¨tIm-Sn, tPm¨]pcn-

bpsS Fs∏m-h-cp-hm-scm, tXmUn-bpsS Xmsb

btim-Z....... F√mw a\- n-se-Øn-°m-\p≈ ]I¿∏-

h-Imiw a[pcw aWn Aø¿°p-am-{X-am-Wv. Kncn-

ss]bpw \∂p-hn-Un-Nnbpw Fw.-Un. cma-\m-Y≥

kz¥-am-°n-b-Xp-t]mse Xs∂...

....-Im-en-\n¬ Nneºp sIms©.... F∂p \nc-

h¬ sNøp-tºmƒ Xmsb-b-tim-Z-bpsS IpkrXn

- 96 -


IrjvW≥ sas√- sa-s√, ]ns∂bpw sas√ sa√

\S∂p hcp-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw....

t∏m-Ipw.. sX‰p-a-√.....

C\n DkvXmZv Aao¿Jm≥, apkncn kp{_-

“Wy Aø¿. Be-Øq¿ {_tZ-gvkv, siΩ-¶pSn

{io\n-hm-k-ø¿. sXmń-∏p-d-Øv..... h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-

°¬ Fw.-Un. cma-\m-Ys\ am{Xw ASp-tØ°p

£Wn-°pw. F∂n¬ I\n-bpw. cm{Xn-hsc kwkm-

cn-®n-cn-°pw.

IrjvW aq¿Øn : kmln-Xy-Im-c≥, kwKoX \ncq-]-I≥

Pn. F≥. _me-kp-{_-“-Wy-Øns‚ BK-a\w

B\-μ-Zm-b-I-amb Hcp sImSp-¶m-‰p-t]m-se-bm-bn-cp-

∂p. B¿°pw Hc]-I-Shpw hcp-ØmsX F√m Bem-

]\ k{º-Zm-b-ß-tfbpw am‰n adn-®p. GXp-ÿm-

bn-bn-te-bv°p-ap-b-cp-Ibpw Xmgp-Ibpw ]mbp-Ibpw

sNøp∂ \mK-kz-c-_m-Wn. B_r-K. {ipXn-t`-Zw...

\mK-kzc N{I-h¿Øn Sn. F≥. cmP-cXv\w ]n≈-

bpsS a\- v. Ccp-hcpw tN¿∂v eh-Ip-i-∑m-sc-

t]mse tXmUn cmKm-izsØ ]nSn®p sIń. XS-

hn-em-°n.... Ccp-hcpw cmKm-em-]-\-Øns‚ A[n-]-

cm-bn-cp-∂p. Io¿Ø\w ]mSp-∂-Xn-e√ cmKw ]mSp-

∂-Xn-emWv hnZz-Xz-Øns‚ s]cpa F∂p tXm∂n-

t]c-°pń hoSns‚ Aº-e-`n-Øn-bn¬ ]®n-

e-I-fpsS If¿ s]≥kn¬sIm≠v Nn{Xw hc-°p-I-

bm-hpw....

P¬km L¿ ˛ Zn ayqknIv dqw

kwhn-[m\w : kXy-PnXv td

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EvãtöxckjbfäTx ofbmX GòªTx Zjg cCfTx aìùlvëãfwbòªx EvãtöxGçeãfjfTgÿleCx. Evkägsë FóØbfYb~äeã aòeJx, svÖx,MqTj, hBX, kjfêx FbãeCx vwkgÿlx. Evãtöfw hRgaòjezEùiufTgÿbq DÖh¥ambemcflfãgceãf yÀsh¥aëçleCx.

- 97 -


efnX kwKo-X-Øn¬ \n∂pwimkv{Xob kwKo-X-Øn-tebv°v

kwKo-Xm-`y -k\w Kpcp -ap -J-Øp-\n∂pw

t\cnt´m AX-s√-¶n¬ kwKo-X-hn-Zym-e-b-ß-fn¬

\nt∂m km[n-s®-Sp-°mw.

F∂m¬ kwKo-Xm-kzmZ\w Cu c≠p-hn-[-

Ønepw km[y-a-√. ]s£ kwKo-Xm- y-k-\-Øn\pw

kwKo-Xm-kzm-Z-\-Øn\pw s]mXp-hmbnth≠ Hcp

LS-Iap≠v. P∑-hm-k\.

kwKo-X-a-\ pw Xmf-t_m-[hpw P∑\m

Ds≠-¶n¬ am{Xta Hcp kwKo-X-Im-ct\m kwKo-

Xm-kzm-Z-It\m Bhm≥ Ign-bq. kwKo-Xm-kzm-Z\w

Xs∂-bm-Wt√m ChnsS hnj-bw. F\n°pw

imkv{Xob kwKo-X-Øns‚ hymI-cWw Xosc-h-

i-an-√m-Ø-h¿°v cmK-e-£-W-ß-fpsS kzc-{]-

kvXmcw Adn™p cmKw I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI Akm-

≤yw-X-s∂.

AXp-sIm-≠p-Iq-Sn-bmWv efnX kwKo-X-Øn-

eqsS imkv{Xob kwKoXw F∂ hn]-coX Zni-

bn-eq-sS-bp≈ kwKo-X-bm{X F∂ Bibw a\-

n¬ sXfn-™-Xv.

Xo¿®-bmbpw Cu kml-knI kwKoX

bm{X°v klm-b-am-bXv I¿Æm-SnIv lnμp-ÿm\n

cmK-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n \ap°v efn-X-Km-\-

ßfpw kn\nam Km\-ßfpw kΩm-\n® hn. Z£n-

Wm-aq¿Øn, Pn. tZh-cm-P≥, Fw.-F-kv. _m_p-cm-

Pv, cho-{μ≥ amjv, ‰n.-F-kv. cm[m-IrjvWPn XpSßn

\nc-h[n kwKoX kwhn-[m-b-I-cpsS Dd-h h‰mØ

kwKoX⁄m\w Xs∂.

BapJw C{Xbpw aXn-sb-∂p-tXm-∂p-∂p.

I¿Æm-SI kwKoX Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ cmKsØ

A[n-I-cn®v Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øp∂hbm-W-t√m. F∂m¬

Fw.-F-kv. e£van ip`

GsXmcp Io¿Ø-\-tØ-°mfpw tN¿®-tbmsS Nne

cmK-ßƒ efnX kwKo-X-Øn¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n-

°p∂ kwKoX kwhn-[m-b-I-cn¬ BZyw hcp-∂Xv

""ZznPm-h¥n'', F∂- cm-K-Øns‚ `‡n-`m-h-hpw,

kuay-Xybpw Aev]w-t]mepw \jvS-s∏-SmsX ""Hcp

t\c-sa-¶nepw ImWmsX hsøs‚ Kpcp-hm-bq-c∏m''

F∂ Km\-Øn¬ kzmwio -I -cn®

cm[mIrjvWPnbmWv.

F∂m¬ ZznPm-h-¥n-bpsS ]Xn™ ]Z-

Ønse kuμcyw Bkz-Zn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ \f-N-cn-

X-Ønse ""adn-am≥ IÆn'' F∂ `mKw Iem-a-

WvUew i¶-c≥ F{ºm-¥ncn ]mSn-tIƒ°-Ww.

Gh¿°pw Ffp∏w Bkz-Zn-°m-hp∂ kn\nam

Km\-ß-fn-eqsS an°-cm-K-ß-tfbpw \ap°v Xncn-®-

dn -bmw. hfsc {]Nm -c -Øn -ep≈ GXm\pw

kn\namKm-\-ß-fn-eqsS Nne ""cmK-e-£W''ßƒ

Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-°mw.

tchXn cmK-amWv Gsd Xc-fnX hnIm-c-ßƒ

DW¿Øm≥ \ΩpsS kwKoX kwhn-[m-b-I¿ D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

cho-{μ≥ amjns‚ ""IpS-©m-{Zn-bn¬'' (\oe-

°-S-ºv), ""{ioe-Xn-I-Iƒ'' (kp-Jtam tZho) F∂o

Km\-ßfpw angn-\o¿∏q-hp-I-fnse ""N{μInc-W-Øn≥

Nμ-\w....'' F∂ Km\hpw tchXn cmK-Øns‚

kuμcyw sXfn -bn -°p -∂-Xm -Wv. ""Nncntbm

Nncn''F∂ Nn{X-Øn¬ cho-{μ≥ amjv inh-c-

RvPn\n cmK-Øn¬ ""Ggp-kz-c-ß-fpw....'' F∂ ln‰v

Km\w kΩm-\n-®-t∏mƒ I∑Zw F∂ Nn{X-Øn¬

""Jc-l-c-{]nb''bpsS cmK kuμcyw ""a™-°n-fn-

bpsS aqfn∏m´v.....'' F∂ Km\-Øn¬ k∂n-th-in-

∏n-®p.

- 98 -


\oemw-_cn cmK-Øns‚ hiyX apgp-h\pw

A¿÷p\≥ amjv Pb-N-{μs‚ i_vZ-Øn-eqsS

""l¿j _mjv]w XqIn...'' (ap-Ø-»n) F∂ Km\-

Øn¬ \nd-®p-h-®p.

_rμm-h\ kmcw-K-bpsS `‡n-`mhw cho-

{μ≥ amjns‚ ""Zo\-Z-bmtem cma....'' (A-c-b-∂-

ß-fpsS hoSv) F∂ Km\-Øn-ep-≠v. k¿§-Ønse

""Btμm-f\w...'' F∂ Km\-Øn¬ ""tIZm-c -

Kuf''Øns‚ Bflm-hp-≠v.

lcn-Imw-t_mPn cmK-Øn¬ Gsd {]i-kvX-

ß-fmb ""ic-dm-¥¬ Xncn-Xm-Wp..'' (Im-bepw Ib-

dpw) ""IS-en-\-°sc t]mtWmtc'' (sN-Ωo≥), Zqsc-

°n-g-°p-Zn°pw'' (Nn-{Xw) XpS-ßnb Km\-ß-fp-≠v.

I¿Wm-SI kwKo-X-Øn¬ tIZm¿ F∂ cmK-

Øn¬ IrXn-Iƒ Ipd-hm-sW-¶nepw \ΩpsS

kwKoX kwhn-[m-b-I¿°v Gsd {]nb-s∏-´-XmWv

Cu cmKw.

\nXy-l-cn-X-ß-fmb ""N{I-h¿Øn\n'' (sN-

º-c-Øn), ""F¥n\o Nne-¶-Iƒ'' (I-cp-W), ""AjvS-

ap -Sn -°m-b-ense'' (a -W-hm-ń), ""Ihn -fsØ

IÆo¿I≠p'' (A-t\z-j®p Is≠-Øn-bn-√) F∂o

]gnb Km\-ßfpw Aacw F∂ Nn{X-Ønse ""lrZ-

b-cmK X{¥n-aoń'' F∂ Km\hpw tIZ-c-Øn-em-

Wv.

knμp-ss`-chn F∂ cmKw _m_p-cm-Pn\v

Gsd {]nb-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. _m_q-°-bpsS A\-

iz-c-ß-fmb ""{]mW-kJo Rm≥ shdp-sam-cp....' (]-

co-£) F∂ Km\hpw ""Xma-k-sat¥ hcp-hm≥...'

(`m¿K-ho-\n-e-bw) F∂ Km\hpw knμp-ss`-chn

F∂ cmKw Cu Km\-ßƒ°v th≠n-bmtWm cq]w-

sIm-≠Xv F∂ptXm-∂pw-hn[w kpμ-c-ß-fm-Wv.

""Bln¿ss`-chv'' F∂ lnμp-ÿm\n cmK-

Øns‚ hiyXbm¬ A\-iz-c-amb Km\-amWv tZh-

cm-P≥ amjv Nn´-s∏-Sp-Ønb ""AssZzXw P\n®

\mń¬....'' (sse≥ _ v) F∂ Km\w.

""coXn-Kuf'' F∂ cmKw G‰hpw ln‰mb

Km\-ßƒ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ cmK-

amtWm F∂p-tXm-∂n-t∏m-Ipw. ""H∂mw cmKw ]mSn''

(Xq-hm-\-Xp-ºn-Iƒ), ""IÏƒ Cc-≠m¬....'' (kp-

{_-“-Wy-]p-cw) F∂o Km\-ßƒ tI´m¬.

""lntμmfw'' F∂ cmK-Øns‚ X\na

\nd™p \n¬°p∂ cho-{μ≥ amjns‚ ""Nμ\

aWn-hm-Xn¬ ]mXn Nmcn'' (a-cn-°p-∂n√ Rm≥),

Pn. thWp-tKm-]m¬ ]mSnb Hcn°epw ad°mØ

Km\-ambn amdn.

CØ-c -Øn¬ lrZbmh¿÷-ß-fmb

kn\nam Km\-ßsf imkv{Xob kwKo-X-Ønse

cmK-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ Cu Ipdn∏v

Ah-km-\n-°p-I-bn-√.

F¥m-bmepw km[m -c -W-°m -cs\

imkv{Xob kwKo-X-Øn-te°v BI¿jn-°m≥ Ign-

bp∂ F{Xtbm kn\n-am-Km-\-ß-sf-¶nepw \ap°v

Is≠-Øm-\m-Ipw. imkv{Xob cmK-e-£-W-ß-tf-

°mƒ A\-iz-c-ß-fmb Cu CuW-ßƒ GXp-cm-

K-tØbpw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ \sΩ klm-bn°pw

Xo¿®.

Fw.-F-kv. e£van ip` : sNssº ayqknIv tImtfPv {]n≥kn-∏ƒ Bbn-cp∂

s{]m^. hn.-_n. ao\m-£n-bpsS aIƒ. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv _ncp-Zm-\-¥c _ncpZ

hnZym¿∞n-\n-bm-Wv.

- 99 -


Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏tkhmkanXnbpsS 2011˛2012

h¿jsØ {]h¿ØI kanXn AwKßƒ

1. {io. AUz. B¿. APnØvIpam¿ h¿Ω {]kn-U‚ v 9847057075

2. {io. s{]m^. ]n.- F-kv. tim`≥ sshkv {]kn-U‚ v 9447573372

3. {io. Fkv. lcn. sk{I-´dn 9846076373

4. {io. hn. IrjvW-\mYv tPm. sk{I- dn 9995544495

5. {io. ]n. cmPvIp-am¿ {Sj-d¿ 9847058128

6. {io. Sn.- hn. kp{_-“-Wy≥ IΩ‰n AwKw 9633013750

7. {io. hn. cma-kzman ” 9846066455

8. {io. {io[¿ Fkv. ” 9447396305

9. {io. Iym]v‰≥ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥ ” 9349137799

10. {io. _me≥ sh≈-°m v ” 9847066110

11. {io. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ t]cq¿ ” 9744075749

12. Ipam-cn. hn. efnX ” 9495764107

13. {ioaXn. Dj hn\-b-Ip-am¿ ” 9446585199

14. {ioa-Xn. kn‘p lcojv ” 9846032855

aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj°Ωn‰n AwK-ßƒ

1. {io. k¿tΔiv i¶¿ I¨ho-\¿ 9746269969

2. {io. Pb-N-{μ≥ ]n. {Sj-d¿ 9895189101

3. {io. hcp¨ IΩ‰n AwK-w

4. {io. icXv ” 9995555413

5. {io. lcojv ” 9846092855

- 100 -


XmacwIpfßc {io[¿ΩimkvXm icWw

XmacwIpfßc {io [¿ΩimkvXm t£{Xw

kzmanicWw

aìùlX lùéfùy§ùMr. hgnfãÿtq

A\p-P≥ \mcm-b-W≥ vêtlfjfh¥eëx

aìùlX acwMeéf{io. IqS-∏pg i¶-c≥ \ºq-Xncn

aìùlX krBxMeéf{io. Kpcp-{]-kmZv F{ºm-¥ncn

aìùlX GdjeäzùMr. vejeãCz vêtlfjf

smùköJf

lecjXkgä~j DÖh¥ambemcflflecjXkgä~j, lôh¥tCfègJ - 682 301, SJCekgäX pfnâ,

Ph : 98460 76373 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.thamara.net

aìùlmXyÀceã ktëglw bfbj~WTx yÀsh¥aëç bfnemX :

t£{Xw IgIw{io. A\n¬ hmcy¿

t£{Xw ASn-b-¥ncw{io. apt≠-ºn≈n _me-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿

- 101 -


Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-imkvXm ]pc-kvImcw

{io. ]gp-hn¬ cLp-am-cm¿°v

Xr»nht]cq¿ Xmeq°v ]gp-hn¬ tZiØv ]gp-hn¬

amcmØv am[-h-am-cm-cp-sS-bpw, N°w-Ip-f-ßc amcmØv am[hn

amc-kzm-cp-sSbpw aI-\mbn 1963-˛¬ {io. cLp-am-cm¿ (kn.-

Fw. cLp-\m-Yv) P\n-®p. ssheq¿ ]¥-√q¿ kvIqfn-epw, ]gp-

hn¬ sk‚v B‚-Wokv kvIqfnepw hnZym-`ymkw ]q¿Øo-I-

cn-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ Xs∂ sN≠ hmZ-\-Øns‚ {]mY-anI

]mT-ßƒ ]nXm-hn¬ \n∂pw lrZn-ÿ-am°n 1979- ¬ Ccn-ßm-

e-°pS DÆm-bn-hm-cy¿ kvamcI Iem-\n-e-b-Øn¬ tN¿∂v

\mev h¿jw Iem-\n-ebw Ip™pÆn Bims‚ Iogn¬ Xmb-

º-I-bpw, tIfn-bpw, IY-Ifn sN≠bpw A`y-kn-®p.

1980-˛¬ ]gp-hn¬ kp{_-“Wy kzman t£{X-k-∂n-

[n-bn¬ Xmb-º-I-bn¬ Ac-tß‰w Ipdn-®p. Ccn-ßm-e-°pS

IpS¬ amWnIyw t£{X-Øn¬ 1981-˛se D’-h-Øn\v ]gp-

hn¬ cLp-am-cm-cpsS sN≠-∏p-d-∏m-tSm-sS-bmWv IY-Ifn Ac-

tß-dn-b-Xv.

{]ikvX hmZy-hn-Z-KvZ-\m-bn-cp∂ Ipa-c-]pcw A∏p-am-

cm¿, aT-Øn¬ \mcm-b-W≥ Ipń-amcm¿ F∂o Kpcp-\m-Y≥am-

cpsS Iogn-ep≈ in£-W-amWv {io. ]gp-hn¬ cLp-am-cm-cpsS

{]K-¤y-Øn\v am‰p-Iq- n-b-Xv.

cLp-am-cm-cpsS AΩm-h-\mb ssheq¿ A\n-b≥am-

cm-cpsS in£-W-Øn¬ t£{Xm-Nmc NS-ßp-I-fn¬ {][m-\-

s∏´ hen-b-]m-Wn, D’-h-_-en, Ieiw F∂n-h-bn¬ sN≠-

bpw, ]mWnbpw {]tbm-Kn-°m≥ A`y-kn-®p. Cu {]tbm-K-

Øn¬ a[y-tI-c-f-Øn¬ {]mhoWyw t\Snb hy‡n-I-fn¬ hnc-

en¬ FÆm-hp-∂-Xn¬ Hcmfm-Wv {io. cLp-am-cm¿.

1984-˛¬ ]gp-hn¬ kp{_-“-Wy-kzman t£{X-Øn¬

ASn-b-¥n-c-°m-c-\mbn At±lw Npa-X-e-tb-‰p. A¥n-°mSv

hS-t°-°c t£{X hmZy-I-em-k-an-Xn-bpsS Iogn¬ 100 Hmfw

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v {]Xn- -te-—-Iq-SmsX Adnhv ]I¿∂p-sIm-

Sp°pI F∂ kvXpXy¿l-amb tkh-\hpw Ct±lw hln-°p-

∂p. A]q¿Δ-ta-f-ß-fmb AS-¥, Nº, A©-S-¥, sNº-S,

{[phw F∂n-h-bn¬ cLp-am-cm-cpsS {]mhoWyw FSp-Øp-]-d-

b-°-Ø°XmWv. tIc-f-Øn-\-IØpw ]pdØpw \nc-h[n

D’-h-th-Zn-I-fn¬ {io. cLp-am-cm-cpsS \nd-km-∂n-[y-am-Wv. c≠v

Zim-_vZ-°m-e-ambn Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc taf-Øn\v Ct±lw ]s¶-

Sp-Øp-h-cp-∂p.

C°m-e-b-f-hn¬ A\-h[n ]pc-kv°m-c-ßƒ At±-

lsØ tXSn-sb-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. injy≥amcpw, hmZy-Iem

Bkzm-Z-Icpw "I\-I-I-¶Ww' \¬Inbpw taf-I-em-Nmcy

_lp-aXn \¬Inbpw At±-lsØ BZ-cn-®p.

hmZy -Iemcw-KsØ Cu A]q¿Δ {]Xn -` -bpsS

s]cp-a-bpw, {]i-kvXnbpw hcpw-Im-e-ß-fn¬ hmt\mfw Db-

cs´ F∂pw, cLp-th-´\pw At±-l-Øns‚ IpSpw-_mw-K-

ßƒ°pw F√m-hn[ Bbp-cm-tcmKy kuJyw \¬In `K-hm≥

{io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i\pw Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hpw

A\p-{K-ln-°s´ F∂v Bflm¿∞-ambn {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

- 102 -


aIchnf°mtLmjwA A

H∂mw Znhkw 11- 01- 2012 (1187 [\p 27) _p[≥

cmhnse : KW-]Xn tlmaw

sshIpt∂cw 6.30 \v : kwKo-X-°t®cn

thm°¬ : Km\- q-jWw KncnP

k‘ybv°v 6.45 \v : \nd-am-e hnf-°p-h-bv∏v, Zo]m-cm-[-\

7.30 \v : sImSn-I-b‰w

cm{Xn 8.00 \v : ]pjv]m- n-tjIw8.00 \v : cma \rØ-hn-lm¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂

\rØ-\r-Xy-ßƒkwhn-[m\w : B¿.-F¬.-hn. tZhn

10.30 \v : hnf°v{io. B¿.-F¬.-hn. atljv Ipam-dns‚ {]am-W-Øn¬ AS-¥-tafw

c≠mw Znhkw 12- 01- 2012 (1187 [\p 28) hymgw

KW-]-Xn-tlm-aw, \nd-ame hnf-°p-h-bv∏v, Zo]m-cm-[-\, ]pjv]m- n-tjIw

ap≥ Znh-k-sØ-t∏mse

cmhnse 9.00 \v : iothen (]©m-cn-tafw)

D®bv°v 2.00 \v : ]d-bvs°-gp-∂-≈n∏v

(B-Zw-]n-≈n-°m-hv, tXh-c-°m-hv, N°w-Ip-f-ß-c, tIm -bv°-Iw, {ioIe tdmUv hgn t£{-XØn-te-°v)

sshIpt∂cw 5.00 \v : `P-\, Nn∑b anj≥ `P-\-kwLw

6.30 \v : kwKo-X-°t®cn

thm°¬ : amÃ¿ cqt]jv tat\m≥

cm{Xn 8.00 \v : XymK-{_“w Hm¿°kv{S Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂

`‡n-Km-\-X-cw-KnWnkwhn-[m\w : Aø-∏-Km-\-{io, kwKo-X-Iu-kvXp-`w, `‡n-Km-\-kp-[m-Ic

{io. Sn.-F-kv. cm[m-Ir-jvWPn

10.30 \v : hnf°v ˛ ({[p-hw-ta-fw)

- 103 -


aq∂mw Znhkw 13- 01- 2012 (1187 [\p 29) sh≈n

D®bv°v 1.00 \v : ]d-bvs°-gp-∂-≈n∏v

(Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-c t£{X]cn-kcw, hnImkv \K¿, Aºn-fn- \-K¿,

s]-cq¿ tdmUv, sabn≥ tdmUv)

sshIp-t∂cw 6.00 \v : inhm-jvS-]ZnAh-X-cWw : {ioaXn. A\-¥-e£van kp{_-“Wyw

cm{Xn 8.00 \v : U_nƒ Xmb-ºI{io. s]mcq¿ lcn-Zm-kv, {io. s]mcq¿ DÆn-Ir-jvW≥

10.30 \v : hnf-°v ˛ A©-S-¥-tafw

KW-]-Xn-tlm-aw, iothen (]-©m-cn-ta-fw), \nd-ame hnf-°p-h-bv∏v, Zo]m-cm-[-\, ]pjv]m- n-tjIw


\memw Znhkw 14- 01- 2012 (1187 [\p 30) i\n

6.00 \v : kwKoX kZ v

Ah-X-cWw : Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd sI. KncnP h¿Ω

cm{Xn 7.30 \v : \ma-k-¶o¿Ø\w

Ah-X-cWw : {io. hn\-b-N-{μ-ta-t\m≥ mK-h-X¿, _wK-ep-cp

10.30 \v : hnf-°v ˛ Qºtafw

sNdnb hnf°v

KW-]-Xn-tlm-aw, iothen (]-©m-cn-ta-fw), \nd-ame hnf-°p-h-bv∏v, Zo]m-cm-[-\, ]pjv]m- n-tjIw


sshIpt∂cw 5.00 \v : A£ct«mIkZ v

- 104 -


A©mw Znhkw 15- 01- 2012 (1187 aIcw 01) Rmb¿

cmhnse 4.00 \v : \n¿ΩmeyZ¿i\w

6.00 apX¬ : A`n-tj-I-ßƒ

7.00 apX¬ : \ma-k-¶o¿Ø\w

7.30 \v : Iq´-shSn

9.00 \v : iothen{io. kZ\w Znhm-I-c-am-cm¿, ]fl-{io. s]cp-h\w Ip´≥am-cm¿ F∂n-h-cpsS {]am-W-Øn¬

]©m-cn-tafw

D®bv°v 1.00 \v : B\-bq´v

3.30 \v : ]I¬∏qcwk¿Δ{io. tNm‰m-\n-°c hnP-b≥amcm¿, Ip\n-t»cn N{μ≥ F∂n-h¿ \bn-°p∂ {]i-kvX-amb

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc ]©-hmZyw

k‘ybv°v 6.45 \v : Iq´-shSn7.30 \v : Ia-\obamb ]pjv]m-e-¶m-cw, Zo]m-e-¶m-cw, I¿∏qcZo]-°m-gvN, Zo]m-cm-[\

h¿Æ-i-_-f-amb shSn-s°´v\ma-k-¶o¿Ø-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn Iq -i-b\{]Z-£nWw

cm{Xn 8.00 \v : ]pjv]m-`n-tjIw

8.30 \v : \ma-k-¶o¿Ø-\w, N°w-Ip-f-ßc `P-\-k-anXn

10.30 \v : hnf-°v

]fl{io. s]cp-h\w Ip´≥am-cm-cpsS {]am-W-Øn¬

Kwòc ]m≠n-tafwImWn-bv°-bn-S¬ {][m\w

aI-c-hn-f°v atlm-’hw

Bdmw Znhkw 16- 01- 2012 (1187 aIcw 02) Xn¶ƒ

cmhnse 8.30 \v : Bdm´v

- 105 -


]{Xm-[n] kan-Xn-°p-th≠n

hn. IrjvW-\mYv

apJy ]{Xm-[n-]¿

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2012aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj IΩn‰n, Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm kan-Xn, Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd

Published by : V. Krishnanath, Chief Editor, Makarajyothi on behalf of“Thamaramkulangara Ayyappa Seva Samithy”

Makaravilakku Celebrations Committee - 2012 andPrinted at : Matha Offset Printers, Cochin - 682 018

]{Xm-[n] kanXn AwK-ßƒ:

{io. Fkv.-lcn

{io. inh-Zm-kv h¿Ω

{io. icXv B¿. tat\m≥

{io. KuXw tKm]-Ip-am¿

{io. hnthIv

{ioa-Xn. Fw. Fkv. e£van ip`

{io. i¶-c≥Ipń Fkv.-Un.

D]-tZ-iI kanXn

tUm. PeP h¿Ω

tUm. _n. ]pjv] IrjvW≥

{io. IrjvW-aq¿Øn

{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ Nn{X-ßƒ°v IS-∏mSv:

{io. IrjvW-aq¿Øn

apJ-Nn{Xw

`mcXcXv\ Fw. Fkv. kp∫-e£van

- ]Ømw ]Xn∏v

hn⁄m\ IpXp-In-Iƒ F√m h¿jhpw BImw-£-tbmsS ImØn-cn-°p∂ Hcp kvac-Wn-I-bmbn "aI-

-c-tPymXn'bv°v Db-cm≥ Ign™p F∂Xv K-hm≥ {io [¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ A\p-{K-lw-sIm-≠pw, \nß-fpsS

Gh-cp-sSbpw AI-a-gn™ t{]m’m-l-\w-sIm≠pw am{X-am-Wv.

Ign™ Ime-ß-fn¬ ssIImcyw sNbvXn-cp-∂Xv ]q¿Æ-ambpw t£{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hnj-b-

ßƒ Bbn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Cu h¿jw ""Streams of Indian Music'' F∂ Kl-\-amb Hcp hnj-b-am-Wv

Rßƒ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXv Aev]w kml-kn-I-am-sW∂v tXm∂p-∂p. F¶nepw th≠-co-Xn-bn¬

Rßsf D]-tZ-in®pw ss[£-Wn-I-ß-fmb teJ-\-ßƒ Fgp-Xnbpw kam-l-cn®pw kl-I-cn® alZv hy‡n-

I-tfm-Sp≈ IS-∏mSv hm°p-Iƒ°-Xo-X-am-Wv.

""aI-c-tPymXn 2012'' kvac-Wn-I-bnse teJ-\-ßƒ AXmXp teJ-I-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-ambn IW-°m-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Xma-c-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm-k-an-Xn-bpsS tcJm-aq-e-amb A\p-a-Xn-bn-√msX Cu kvac-Wn-

I-bnse teJ-\-ßƒ H∂pw Xs∂ ]p\:{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-Ip-∂p.

- 106 -


sN≠ :

k¿Δ{io. kZ\w Znhm-I-camcm¿

s]cp-h\w Ip´-≥am-cm¿

tIfØv Ac-hn-μm-£≥

]gp-hn¬ cLp-amcm¿

sNΔ-√q¿ tam-l-\≥

sNΔ-√q¿ taml-\-hm-cy¿

sNΔ-√q¿ kp\n¬

]mgq¿ cmtPjv

R L V atljv Ipam¿

]pXn-b-Imhv lcn{]kmZv

A¥n-°mSv cma-N-{μ≥

Idp-Ip‰n Pb≥

he-¥e

k¿Δ{io. s]cp-h\w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

amb-∂q¿ cma-Ir-jvW≥

]≈n-∏pdw Pb≥

A¥n-°mSv ]fl-\m-`≥

A¥n-°mSv aWn-°p-´≥

A¥n-°mSv jmPn

A¥n-°mSv {]kmZv apX¬]¿

Ce-Ømfw

k¿Δ{io. tN¿∏v aWn

Nme-°pSn chn

t]cmawKew thWp

s]cph\w apcfn

]c-bv°mSv _m_p

tNm‰m-\n-°c kp\n¬

tNm‰m-\n-°c aRvPp

tNm‰m-\n-°c thWp

apcn-b-aw-Kew cmPp

apt≠-ºn≈n IrjvW-Ip-am¿

Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd Zneo]v apX¬t]¿

sImºv :

k¿Δ{io. HmS-°men apcfn

Xr°q¿ kPn

t]cm-aw-Kew a[p

hc-hq¿ thWp

tN¿Øe aWn-°p-´≥

tIm´bw kXo-i≥

HmS-bv°men cXojv

HmS-bv°men Acp¨ apX¬t]¿

Ipg¬ :

k¿Δ-{io. Iogq´v \μ-\≥

DucIw A\n¬ apX¬ t]¿

iwJv :

k¿Δ-{io. apt≠-ºn≈n _me-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿

Xnane :

k¿Δ-{io. tNm‰m-\n-°c hnP-b≥

]c-bv°mSv X¶-∏≥

ssh°w N{μ≥

tNm‰m-\n-°c \μ-∏≥

]√-»\ apcfn

Duc-a\ APn-X≥

a‰q¿ thWp

hmc-s∏ń N{μ≥

Imhn¬ kpμ-c≥

Xr{]-bm¿ cta-i≥

]cbv°mSv atlizc≥

]cbv°mSv atl{μ≥

DZ-b-\m-]pcw lcn

tafØnepw ]©hmZyØnepw]s¶Sp°p∂ IemImc≥am¿

- 107 -


a±fw :

k¿Δ-{io. Ip\n-t»cn N{μ≥

It√-°p-f-ßc IrjvW-hm-cy¿

tNm‰m\n°c kptc{μ≥

hS-°pºm´v cma≥Ipń

Iem-a-WvUew {]Im-i≥

Acp¨tZhv hmcy¿

sh∂n-ae A\p

cma-aw-Kew {ioIp-am¿

Ce-Ømfw : (]-©-hm-Zyw)

k¿Δ-{io. tN¿∏v aWn

tNe-°c kqcy≥

Nme-°pSn chn

t]cmawKew thWp

s]cph\w apcfn

]≈n-∏pdw Pb≥

]c-bv°mSv _m_p

tNm‰m-\n-°c aRvPp

tNm‰m-\n-°c kp\n¬

tNm‰m-\n-°c thWp

apcn-b-aw-Kew cmPp

]mgq¿ chn

CSbv° :

k¿Δ-{io. tNμ-aw-Kew DÆn

Imhn¬ DÆn-IrjvW hmcy¿

Imhn¬ AP-b≥

\nXy-io-then tafw

k¿Δ-{io. : B¿. F¬. hn. atljvIpam¿

]pXnbImhv lcn{]kmZv

Idp-Ip‰n Pb≥

Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd sh¶ntSjv

aWn-Ip-´≥

hnt\mZv

apt≠-ºn≈n IrjvW-Ip-am¿

apt≠-ºn≈n cma≥

Xncp-hmw-¶pfw cRvPnXv

kXo-i≥

apcnbawKew cmPp

Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd Zneo]v

Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd A\q]v apX¬t]¿

Fgp-∂-≈n-∏n-\p≈ B\-Iƒ : Kpcp-hm-bq¿ henb tIi-h≥

Kpcp-hm-bq¿ C{μ-k≥Kpcp-hm-bq¿ \μ≥Kpcp-hm-bq¿ tIi-h≥Ipń

Kpcp-hm-bq¿ i¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥

\nXy-io-then°p≈ B\ : tXm´-bv°m´v IÆ≥

- 108 -


C aìùleòej~W kqMvceãf henfaTçleCx.

C aìùlclfwsköfvkèx hgkbnfTgbeave, coõhfòªx ùhabMfTgbeave, heojìkWGhaãeifTgbeave DvgbofTgÿlnâ.

C ofbamv vë lgJÿfjfTgÿ mcã~äfw skeëfTw hJ vfJãxTebgÿleCx (aI-c-hn-f°p

Znhkw ]I¬∏q-c-Øns‚ kabw HgnsI).

C hJãgsë vfjTgkW: svnâx - 60 k., cnq - 50k., Djf - 100 k., DãxxxxxêJ 500 k.

C ckjbfäTg ofbmX jebfsn 4.00 cCfTx vëlgJTgÿleCx. 6 cCfTx DYfaók~WBcw-`n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw.

C kîJÜfãgsë ãg©evgmjCX hjfheëfkäfw aYoilfkW bjgèebgÿleCx.

iChlf auecX bBfheëeãf vëègÿbq jebfsn 7.00 cCfTx aMóbgX, tImeme¶mcw,

B\ G°w, Zo]kvXw`w, vfJcen bfäTgsbãx∏ x, Hcp ]m´ FÆ, Zjg ofbmsè htp,hgó¥enRejX, ]pjv]m-`n-tjIw, {iotIm-hn¬ Ae-¶m-cw Sÿr bBfheëgkW vëègÿbqorhejeOvãxTx aMóbgX, aìùlèfw bÿx ùhmeoX bea~çleCx.

B\-Isf G¿∏mSv sNbvXp-X-∂Xv : Kpcp-hm-bq¿ tZhkzw t_m¿Uv

{io. atl-jv, Ipºfw

{iotIm-hn¬ Ae-¶mcw : {io. A\n¬ hmcy¿

tImew Ae-¶mcw : {io. cma≥ \ºo-i≥

\nth-Zyw : {io. G‰n-°c hnjvWp- \-ºq-Xn-cn, Bbmw-Ip-Sn.

B\-∏pdw : {io. aWnIWvT≥, tNm‰m\n°c

B\-®-abw : ]md-ta-°mhv KhXn tZh-kzw, Xr»q¿

shSn-s°´v : {io. X¶-∏≥, tN¿Øe

{io. sPbvk¨, A¶-amen

i_vZhpw shfn®hpw : S.K.S. Xr∏qWn-Øpd

]¥w-]nSn : {io. ]≈Øv inh-cm-a≥

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t£{Xw hI IXn-\-Iƒ hmS-Ibv°v \¬Ip-∂p.

_‘-s∏-SpI : 96564 63626, 98460 76373

- 109 -


{iolcnlcmflPm„Iw

ujfbjemvX bfMVaceuvXujfoOrMVjX EjeOõheogkXDjfbfcqÑvX vflõvqèvXujfujeÎpX aobceùMaã

MjCcÖh¥ mVecf MjCcÖh¥MjCcÖh¥ mVecf MjCcÖh¥

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aI-c-hn-f°v 2011

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Spiritual

Makarajyothi 2012