Definitive ke09.key
Sur les crdences, au salon vide: nul ptyx, Aboli bibelot dinanit
sonore,
(Car le matre est all puiser des pleurs au Styx Avec ce seul
objet dont le Nant shonore.)
/
Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies Graduate School
of Interdisciplinary Information Studies
The University of Tokyo
ULPTYX .COM
http://nulptyxcom.blogspot.jp
The Future of the Web of the Future
Is our Web truly the best one of the possible Webs ?
Hidetaka Ishida
Professor The University of Tokyo
21st C
Modern Semiotics
Information Semiotics
Saussure and Peirce
Analog Media the End of the Book
1920th C
Linguistic M del
Analog Revolution
Analog Turn
Programm Industries
ra
mp la
ma
o
Structuralism
95
Semiology
Towards a new Science of Signs
Cultu
l Industries
10
Digital Revolution
Digital Turn !
Consu
Pupu
tion Society r Cultures
Knowledge Society
W.W.W. Cultures
Semiotike
Infor
tics/ Cognitive Sciences
Neurosciences/ Nano Sciences
UniversalSemiotic Machines
Computer is semiotic machine TV is semiotic machine
Telephone is semiotic machine i Phone is semiotic machine...
My topic today will follow the 5 moments:
1 Monadology
2 Universal Library
and the WWW
3 Monologic Reduction
4 Problems with the current Web
5 Le Meilleur des Web possibles ?
the Leibnizs "Grand Projet"
88MEMbr S D!L A c A DE MIE
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res Liaeaires Qu n lui attribue. EIJes reviennent tourCj
ccttc Arithmciique ; mais il fuffit de mettre ici la Fig" de
lluit Cova comme on l'appelle, qui paffe pour fonda mentale ,
&: d y joindre 1'explication qui eft manifefte , pourvu qu on
remarque premement qune ligne .en
tiere
fignifie Punirc ou 1, at fecondement qu'unc
Jigne brifce fmgnifie le zero ou o.
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the monad as unity containing in power infinite
multiplicity.
ofindividuation
(puissance)an
La monade cest lunit individuelle grosse dune multiplicit
infinie.
une monade n'a ni porte ni fentre par o quelque chose pourrait
entrer ou sortir
monad has no door nor window
17. Philalthe. Lentendement ne ressemble pas mal un cabinet
entirement obscur, qui naurait que quelques petites ouvertures pour
laisser entrer par dehors les images extrieures et visibles, de
sorte que si ces images, venant se peindre dans ce cabinet obscur,
pouvaient y rester et y tre places en ordre, en sorte quon pt les
trouver dans loccasion, il y aurait une grande ressemblance entre
ce cabinet et lentendement humain.
Thophile. Pour rendre la ressemblance plus grande il
faudrait supposer que dans la chambre obscure il y et une toile
pour recevoir les espces, qui ne ft pas unie, mais diversifie par
des plis, reprsentant les connaissances innes ; que de
plus cette toile ou membrane, tant tendue, et une manire de
ressort ou force dagir, et mme une action ou raction accommode tant
aux plis passs quaux nouveaux venus des impressions des espces. Et
cette action consisterait en certaines vibrations ou oscillations,
telles quon voit dans une corde tendue quand on la touche, de sorte
quelle rendrait une manire de son musical. Car non seulement nous
recevons des images ou traces dans le cerveau, mais nous en formons
encore de nouvelles, quand nous envisageons des ides complexes.
Ainsi il faut que la toile qui reprsente notre cerveau soit active
et lastique. Cette comparaison expliquerait tolrablement ce qui se
passe dans le cerveau ; mais quant lme, qui est une substance
simple ou monade, elle reprsente sans tendue ces mmes varits des
masses tendues et en a la perception.
Ph. The understanding bears not a little resemblance to
a room wholly dark, which has only certain small openings to let
in from outside exterior and visible images, so that if these
images, coming to be painted in this dark room, could remain
there and be placed in order, so that they could be found upon
occasion, there would be a great resemblance between this room and
the human understanding.
Th. [To make the resemblance greater, you should suppose that in
this room there was a canvas to receive the images, not
even, but diversied by folds, representing the (kinds of) innate
knowledge ; further, that this canvas or membrane being stretched
would have a kind of elasticity or power of action, and also an
action and reaction accommodated as much to the past folds as to
the newly arrived kinds of impressions. And
this action would consist in certain vibrations or oscillations,
such as are seen in a stretched string so touched that it gives
forth a kind of musical sound. For not only do we receive images or
outlines in the brain ; but we form besides new ones,
when we look at complex ideas. Thus the canvas that represents
our brain is necessarily active and elastic. This comparison
would explain tolerably well what passes in the brain;
but as for the soul, which is a simple substance or monad, it
represents without extension these same varieties of extended
masses and perceives them.']
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Letter
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analog
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2Universal Library and WWW
The universe (that others call the Library)
Jorge Luis BORGES
http://wendyswindigo.tumblr.com
The Memex (MEMory EXtender)
PROPOSAL by Tim Berners-Lee
The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine
Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page
{serg page}@cs.stanfor.edu
Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
94305
Abstract
his paper, we present Google, a proype of a large-scale search
engine which makes heavy use of c strucrure psent in hypertext.
Google is designd toawl and index the Web eciently and produce much
more satzsfying arch rests m existing systems. The protype wia full
xt and hyperlink database of at least 24 milln pages is available
at p >Ol!le.stanford.edu/
bengineer a search engine is a challenging task. Search engines
indns to hundreds of milliobf web paS involving a comparable numr
of distinct terms. They answer tens of millions of queries every
day. Despite e impotancc of large-scsearch cines on the web, very
little academic research has en done on them. Furthermore, due to
rapid advance in technology and web pro ation, creating a web
search engine today is very different from three ysago.bis paper
proides an in-depdescriptioof our large-scale web search engin
thrst such detailed public desiption wknow of to date.
Apart from thprob ms of scalin traditional arch techniques to
data of is magnitude, therare nw technical challenges invlvcd with
using th additional information present in hypertext to produce
better search results . This paper addresses this quesn of how to
build a practical large-scalesystem which can exploit th additional
information present in hypertext. Also we look at thproblem of how
to eff ctively deal with uncontrolled hypertext collections where
anyone can publish mbing they want.
Keywords: World Wide Web, Search Engines, Information Retrieval,
PageRank, Google
1.Introduction
(Note: There are two versions of t. paper -- a longerll ersion
and a $horter printed version. Thell version isavaible onrhe web
and the co rence CD-ROM.)
1web creates nw challenges for information reieval. The amount
of information on the web is growing rapidly, as well as the number
of nw users inxperienccd in thart of web research.
People are likely to surf C Wb using its link graph, often
starting with high quality human maintained indices such as Xl or
wisearch engines. Human maintained lists cover popultopics
effectively but are subjcctiv expensive to build and maintain,
slow to improve, and cannot cover all esoteric topics. Automated
sarch engines that rely on keyword matching usually return to
b
many low quality matches. To make matters worse, some
advertisers attempt to g ople's attention by taking measures meant
to mislead automated search engines.We have built a large-scale
search engine which addresssmany of c problems of existing systms.
It makes especially heavy use of the additional structure present
in hypertext to provide much higher quality search results.
Wechobsystem name, Google, bit is a common spelling of googol, or
10100 and well with our gobf building ver large-scale search
engines.
1.1Web Search Engines Scaling Up: 1994 2000
Search engine technology has had to scale dramatically to keep
up wie growth of the web. In 1994, one of e first web search eng n
the World Wide Web Worm fWWWWDlhad an index of 110,000 web pages
and web accessible documents. As of November, 1997 1top search
engins claim to index from 2 million (WebCrawler) to 100 million
web documents (from
giJ..It is foreseeablethat by the year 2 a comprehensive index
of the Web will contain over a billion documents. At the same
ne,the numbr of queries sarch engines handle
has grown incredibly too. In March and April 1994, the World
Wide Web Worm received an average of about 1500queries per day. In
November 1997, Altavista claimed it handled roughly 20 million
quries per day. Wi the increasing number of users on the web, and
automated systems which query search engines, it is likely that top
search engines will handle hundreds of millions of queries per day
by e year 2000. The goal of our system is to address many of the
problems, both in quality and scalability, introduced by scaling
search engine technology to such extraordinary number
1.2. Google: Scaling with the Web
Creating a search engine which scales even to today's wb
presents many challenges. Fast awling tchnology is needed to gaer
the web documents and keep m up to date. Storage space must be used
efficiently to store indics and, optionally, the documents
themselves. 1e indexing system must process hundreds of gigabytes
of data fficiently. Queries must be handled qckly, at a rate of
hundrds to thousands per s nd.
bese tasks are becoming increasingly difficult as the Web grows.
However, hardware performance and cost have improved dramatically
to partially offset e difficulty. There are, however, several
notableexceptions to this progress such as disk seek time and
operating system robustness. In designing Google, we have
considered borate of growth of e Web and technological changes.
Google is designed to scale well to extremely large data sets. It
makes efficient use of storage space to store e index. Its data
structes e optimized for fast and efficient aceSS (se section
1.,2). Furth we expect at cost to index and store text or HTI.Lwill
eventually decline relative to the amount that will be available
(see AR This will result in favorable scaling proper for
centralized systems like Google.
.t
uc\Fr.
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common roolsl c c
saveall open
mgs:' the five senpn
The BarUan alory)
Anarchive No. 6 Masaki Fujihata
4Problems with the current WWW
Raymond Queneau Cent mille milliards de pomes, 1961
Seule une machine peut apprcier un sonnet crit par une autre
machine (Only a machine can appreciate a sonnet written by another
machine)
Alan Turing
THE XANADU PARALLEL UNIVERSE
Visibly Connected Pages and Documents for a New Kind of
Writing
Theodor Holm Nelson, founding designer, Project Xanadu
Note: "Xanadu" is a registered trademark of Project Xanadu.
CosmicBook, XanaduSpace and OpenXanadu are claimed trademarks of
Project Xanadu.
5Le meilleur des webs possibles
In truth, the Library includes all verbal structures, all
variations permitted by the twenty-five orthographical symbols, but
not a single example of absolute nonsense. It is useless to observe
that the best volume of the many hexagons under my administration
is entitled The Combed Thunderclap and another The Plaster Cramp
and another Axaxaxas ml. These phrases, at first glance incoherent,
can no doubt be justified in a cryptographical or allegorical
manner; such a justification is verbal and, ex hypothesi, already
figures in the Library. I cannot combine some characters
dhcmrlchtdj
which the divine Library has not foreseen and which in one of
its secret tongues do not contain a terrible meaning. No one can
articulate a syllable which is not filled with tenderness and fear,
which is not, in one of these
languages, the powerful name of a god.
https://ceobk.les.wordpress.com/2013/03/wordcloud.jpg
Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Knowledge (Spanish: Emporio
celestial de conocimientos benvolos) is a fictitious taxonomy of
animals described by the writer Jorge Luis Borges in his 1942 essay
"The Analytical Language of John Wilkins" (El idioma analtico de
John Wilkins).[1][2]
Wilkins, a 17th-century philosopher, had proposed a universal
language based on a classification system that would encode a
description of
the thing a word describes into the word itselffor example, Zi
identifies the genus beasts; Zit denotes the "difference" rapacious
beasts of the dog kind; and finally Zit specifies dog.
In response to this proposal and in order to illustrate the
arbitrariness and cultural specificity of any attempt to categorize
the world, Borges describes this example of an alternate taxonomy,
supposedly taken from an ancient Chinese encyclopdia entitled
Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Knowledge.
The list divides all animals into 14 categories:
Those that belong to the emperor
Embalmed ones
Those that are trained
Sucking pigs
Mermaids (or Sirens)
Fabulous ones
Stray dogs
Those that are included in this classification
Those that tremble as if they were mad
Innumerable ones
Those drawn with a very fine camel hair brush
Et cetera
Those that have just broken the flower vase
Those that, at a distance, resemble flies
http://wendyswindigo.tumblr.com
Michel Foucault begins his preface to The Order of
Things,[6]
This book first arose out of a passage in Borges, out of the
laughter that shattered, as I read
the passage, all the familiar landmarks of thoughtour thought,
the thought that bears the stamp of our age and our
geographybreaking up all the ordered surfaces and all the planes
with which we are accustomed to tame the wild profusion of existing
things and continuing long afterwards to disturb and threaten with
collapse our age-old definitions between the Same and the
Other.
410. ANT.You have satisfied me beyond my hopes, you have done
what Boethius was not able to do: I shall be beholden to you all my
life long. LAUR.Yet let us carry our tale a little further. Sextus
will say: No, Apollo, I will not do what you say. ANT.What! the God
will say, do you mean then that I am a liar? I repeat to you once
more, you will
do all that I have just said. LAUR.Sextus, mayhap, would pray
the Gods to alter fate, to give him a better heart. ANT.He would
receive the answer:
Desine fata Deum flecti sperare precando.
He cannot cause divine foreknowledge to lie. But what then will
Sextus say? Will he not break forth into complaints against the
Gods? Will he not say? What? I am then not free? It is not in my
power to follow virtue? LAUR.Apollo will say to him perhaps: Know,
my poor Sextus, that the Gods make each one as he is. Jupiter made
the wolf ravening, the hare timid, the ass stupid, and the lion
courageous. He gave you a soul that is wicked and irreclaimable;
you will act in conformity with your natural disposition, and
Jupiter will treat you as your actions shall deserve; he has sworn
it by the Styx.
https://ceobk.les.wordpress.com/2013/03/wordcloud.jpg
Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Knowledge (Spanish: Emporio
celestial de conocimientos benvolos) is a fictitious taxonomy of
animals described by the writer Jorge Luis Borges in his 1942 essay
"The Analytical Language of John Wilkins" (El idioma analtico de
John Wilkins).[1][2]
Wilkins, a 17th-century philosopher, had proposed a universal
language based on a classification system that would encode a
description of
the thing a word describes into the word itselffor example, Zi
identifies the genus beasts; Zit denotes the "difference" rapacious
beasts of the dog kind; and finally Zit specifies dog.
In response to this proposal and in order to illustrate the
arbitrariness and cultural specificity of any attempt to categorize
the world, Borges describes this example of an alternate taxonomy,
supposedly taken from an ancient Chinese encyclopdia entitled
Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Knowledge.
The list divides all animals into 14 categories:
Those that belong to the emperor
Embalmed ones
Those that are trained
Sucking pigs
Mermaids (or Sirens)
Fabulous ones
Stray dogs
Those that are included in this classification
Those that tremble as if they were mad
Innumerable ones
Those drawn with a very fine camel hair brush
Et cetera
Those that have just broken the flower vase
Those that, at a distance, resemble flies
http://wendyswindigo.tumblr.com
Michel Foucault begins his preface to The Order of
Things,[6]
This book first arose out of a passage in Borges, out of the
laughter that shattered, as I read
the passage, all the familiar landmarks of thoughtour thought,
the thought that bears the stamp of our age and our
geographybreaking up all the ordered surfaces and all the planes
with which we are accustomed to tame the wild profusion of existing
things and continuing long afterwards to disturb and threaten with
collapse our age-old definitions between the Same and the
Other.
http://cognitivephilosophy.net/consciousness/human-cognition-and-the-chinese-room/
Chinese room
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
In this thought experiment, a person in the "Chinese room" is
passed questions from outside the room, and consults a library of
books to formulate an answer.
The Chinese room argument holds that a program cannot give a
computer a "mind", "understanding" or "consciousness",[a]
regardless of how intelligently or human-like the program may make
the computer behave. The argument was first presented by
philosopher John Searle in his paper, "Minds, Brains, and
Programs", published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences in 1980. It
has been widely discussed in the years since.[1] The centerpiece of
the argument is a thought experiment known as the Chinese room
(described in detail below).
The argument is directed against the philosophical positions of
functionalism and computationalism,[2] which hold that the mind may
be viewed as an information-processing system operating on formal
symbols. Specifically, the argument refutes a position Searle
calls Strong AI:
The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and
outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human
beings have minds.[b]
Although it was originally presented in reaction to the
statements of artificial intelligence (AI) researchers, it is not
an argument against the goals of AI research, because it does not
limit the amount of intelligence a machine can display.[3] The
argument applies
only to digital computers running programs and does not apply to
machines in general.[4]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A tag cloud (word cloud, or weighted list in visual design) is a
visual representation of text data, typically used to depict
keyword metadata (tags) on websites, or to visualize free form
text. Tags are usually single words, and the importance of each tag
is shown with font size or color.[2] This format is useful for
quickly perceiving the most prominent terms and for locating a term
alphabetically to determine its relative prominence. When used as
website navigation aids, the terms are hyperlinked to items
associated with the tag.
From roseau pensant torseau pensant
Lhomme nest quun roseau, le plus faible de la nature; mais cest
un roseau pensant. Il ne faut pas que lunivers entier sarme pour
lcraser : une vapeur, une goutte deau suffit pour le tuer. Mais
quand lunivers lcraserait, lhomme serait encore plus noble que ce
qui le tue, parce quil sait quil meurt, et lavantage que lunivers a
sur lui, lunivers nen sait rien
Les hommes sont si ncessairement fous, que ce serait tre fou,
par un autre tour de folie, de n'tre pas fou./"Men are so
necessarily mad, that not to be mad would amount to another form of
madness."
Towards a thinking Network
