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Overview of a Water Management Plan for the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia 澳大利亚墨累达令流域水资源管理概况
Greg ClaydonExecutive Director, Strategic Water InitiativesQueensland Department of Environment and Resource Management
ACEDP RHEF WorkshopShenyang, ChinaFebruary 2012
Presentation outline 内容简要
Background to the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB)墨累达令流域简介
Background to the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) Plan墨累达令流域规划简介
The Proposed Basin Plan流域规划预案 Process步骤 Content (with a focus on environmental flows)
内容(以环境流量为中心)
Overview of MDB River Health Assessment Using the Sustainable Rivers Audit Methodology利用可持续发展河流管理方法评估墨累达令流域健康情况简介
Background to the Murray Darling Basin墨累达令流域简介
降雨量及径流量历史数据
墨累达令流域目前可使用地表水
墨累达令流域地表水使用情况
灌溉用水 84%
渠道及管道流失 11%
城市用水 3%
目前各子流域地表水使用情况
Murray Darling Basin water management challenges墨累达令流域管理面临的挑战
Overallocation of surface water systems 地表水过度分配 Serious environmental degradation as a result of land clearing &
overuse of water resources 由于植被破坏及水资源过度利用使得环境受到严重破坏
Reduced environmental flows & water quality – salinity, acid-sulphate soils, native species’ decline 环境流量减少及水质下降——土壤盐碱度高,硫酸类土壤面积增大,本土物种减少
Significant water related impacts due to climate change水资源问题受环境变化影响巨大
Background to the Basin Plan Commonwealth Water Act 2007 流域规划背景介绍 —— 2007年联邦水法
Creation of Murray Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) and process to develop Basin Plan 墨累达令流域管理机构的设立及流域管理方案步骤
Establishment of the Commonwealth Environmental Water Holder (CEWH) 联邦环境流量管理机构的设立
Water charging and market rules 水资源定价及水市场法规规范
Water information collection, analysis and distribution (by the Bureau of Meteorology, BoM)水资源信息收集,分析及发布(由国家气象局发布)
Audits by the National Water Commission (NWC)国家水资源委员会行驶监督职能
水法规定的部分要求
满足环境水资源要求
协调环境、社会经济要求
现有的最好的科学知识与社会经济分析
可持续生态发展原则
流域规划内容
流域规划内容必须包括•可持续发展的分水配额
•人类对水资源的基本需求
•水资源交易法规法则
•环境流量规划
•水质及盐碱度管理规划
提案准备过程
环境蓄水量
水文模型
社区影响
可持续发展水量分配方案
管理执行
环境流量需求--地表水
漫滩流量
基本流量
正常流量
可持续发展流量分配提案
流域流量必须:•满足流域内环境流量需求•为流域下游提供充足的水资源
The Proposed Basin PlanApproach for environmentally sustainable level of take
Important Definitions 重要定义
Key Environmental Assets (KEA) 重要的环境资产 湿地 鱼类 鸟类
Key Ecosystem Functions (KEF) 重要的环境系统功能 河流中物理、化学及生物循环功能
Hydrologic Indicator Sites (HIS) 水文指标点 能反应河流重要资产的点 能反应河流重要环境系统功能的水文点
流域规划提案 —— 河流可持续发展环境流量方法
Examples of Key environmental assets in MDB墨累达令流域各种重要环境资产
Identify Key Environmental Assets (KEA)
Approach for environmentally sustainable level of take河流可持续发展环境流量方法
Identify Indicator Assets (IA)
Determine Environmental Water Requirements (EWR) for Indicator Assets
Determine Key Ecosystem Functions (KEF)
Determine Environmental Water Requirements for Key Ecosystem Functions
Modelling, Review, Analysis, Expert Advice
Environmentally Sustainable Level of Take 可持续发展环境取水
确定环境资产
确定资产指标
确定每个环境资产指标所需环境流量
确定主要生态系统功能
确定主要生态系统功能所需环境流量
建立模型、调研、分析、专家建议
What does the Basin Plan Mean for Water Resource Planning in the State of Queensland?墨累达令流域规划对昆士兰州的意义何在?The Basin Plan binds流域规划涉及机构- Basin State Agencies 墨累达令流域驻昆士兰州办公室- Infrastructure operators 设施管理执行机构- Holders of water access entitlements 行业内获得分水水权的机构
Water Planning 水资源规划- Qld will continue to plan, allocate and manage water resources within
its borders but…昆士兰州将在其境内继续规划,分配及管理水资源,但是:
- Qld Water Resource Plans for MDB catchments will need to be accredited by the Commonwealth Minister responsible for water (with advice to be provided by the MDBA)昆士兰州关于墨累达令流域的水资源规划方案必须得到联邦政府相关部长授权
- Qld Plans must comply with the Basin Plan 昆士兰州水资源规划必须遵守墨累达令流域规划
The Sustainable Rivers Audit (SRA) 可持续河流监管
To provide consistent information on the health of rivers of the Murray-Darling through time and across the basin
在长时间及广泛的流域范围内为墨累达令流域的健康持续提供信息
What is the SRA? 什么是可持续河流监管
A Basin-wide surveillance program 墨累达令流域监管计划 :
administered by the MDBA in partnership with the States 由墨累达令流域管理机构与各州机构共同管理
a consistent assessment of biophysical condition and ecological health of the Basin’s rivers 一致的评估标准,包括流域内的生物状况以及生态健康
statistically robust sampling design 方便数据采样
provides information to inform the development of objectives for river health, and monitoring of progress towards them.为河流健康目标及监管进度提供相关信息
Valley Process Zones 子流域地区
Each river valley is divided into valley process zones (source, transport and depositional), used to stratify sites across a valley每个流域均被划分为几个功能区,在各个功能区中在选取几个采样点
23个子流域68个功能区
Philosophy of SRA可持续河流监管原理 Comprises a number of ‘indices’, reflecting many-
sided nature of ‘River Health’由若干个指标群构成反应河流各个对应方面的河流健康指标
Each index is calculated from a number of relevant ‘indicators’每个指标群由若干个具体指标构成
Reports at 报告- Valley and Zone (within Valley) 子流域与功能区
- About three yearly intervals每三年报告一次
Indices Investigated for SRA 可持续河流监管指标
Biological 生物指标 Macroinvertebrate Index;
大型无脊椎动物指标 Fish Index;鱼类指标 Vegetation Index植被指标
Physical物理指标 Hydrology Index;水文指标 Physical form Index物理指标
• 35 sites sampled for macroinvertebrates大型无脊椎动物: 35个采样点
• 18 sites sampled for fish鱼类: 18个采样点
• 70 sites sampled for vegetation植被: 70个采样点
• 70 sites for Physical form河流物理形态: 79个采样点
• 4-35 sites hydrology水文采样: 4-35个采样点
25 55
Source
TransportDeposition
Example Sampling 采样举例EACH CATCHMENT 每个流域的采样频率
Macroinvertebrates – every 2 years
大型无脊椎动物 - 每两年
Fish, – every 3 years
鱼类 - 每三年
Hydrology , Vegetation– every 6 years
水文,植被 - 每六年
Macro-invertebrates 大型无脊椎动物采样点
SRA Report 1 - 2005-2007年河流监管报告
Ecosystem health for all valleys 所有流域生物健康状况
More information from the websites详情请见一下网站:
www.mdba.gov.au
www.derm.qld.gov.au
Thank You!