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Context-aware design and interaction in computer systems By T.Selker, W.Burleson IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL, Vol 39, NOS 3&4, 2000 발발발 : 발 발발 (EECS, 20005846)

Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

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Page 1: Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

Context-aware design and interaction in computer systems

By T.Selker, W.Burleson

IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL, Vol 39, NOS 3&4, 2000

발표자 : 정 병희 (EECS, 20005846)

Page 2: Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

Contents

Introduction Framework

Task model User model System model

Design prototypes of context-aware systems Noncomputational models Context-aware computer systems

Sensor-based systems Multifunction systems Proactive model-based systems

Conclusion

Page 3: Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

Introduction (1/2)

The fields of design and computer science are beginning to merge

Macintosh vs. iMac Aesthetics, ergonomics and cognitive science are important

factor in user interface design

Traditional design paradigm is broadening the structured design process for human computer interfaces

Engineering design paradigm Break the problems down into parts and apply the standard

solutions Traditional design paradigm

Promote aesthetics, ergonomics, and their relationships to functions

Page 4: Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

Introduction (2/2)

Issues of contextual interaction and knowledge about people’s desired activities and actions affect the design process

Contextual information can be used to reduce the amount of explicit input a person is required to give a computer

What and where the user task is

What the user knows

What the system capabilities are

New technologies open possibilities for context-aware systems

Development of new and sophisticated sensors

Recognition technology

Page 5: Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

Framework

Task model The acts that a person performs to accomplish a task with a

system Ex) task at the threshold ~ open a door, See if someone is inside

User model Task-relevant background information about the user User comfort and user congruency depends on his habit, self-

image, and even issues of motivation

System model Refer to the capabilities of the computer system – its structure

and ability to accomplish an existing task

Page 6: Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

Design prototypes of context-aware systems (1/6)

Noncomputational models

Out-Of-Box Experience Task model

- The person is setting up a notebook computer

User model

- A novice opening a computer for the first time

System model

- The paper instructions are near the components they describe and are revealed as the person opens the computer

Page 7: Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

Design prototypes of context-aware systems (2/6)

Sensor-based systems (1)

Flexor Task model

- Recognized contextual communication through arm motion

User model

- Arm movement System model

- Arm-bending sensor to evaluate motions made by arm

1) dancing – flashes a varying sequence of lights & sounds

2) exercising – counts how many repetitions have been completed

Page 8: Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

Design prototypes of context-aware systems (3/6)

Sensor-based systems (2) Digital Threshold

Task model

- Two-way interaction with the office task model and office occupant model

1) bringing someone in

2) rescheduling a meeting

3) leaving a message User model

- Walks by in order to find out if a colleague is in his office

System model

- Relies on two switches(inside & outside)

- Coupling to voice recognition & Microsoft Office

Page 9: Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

Design prototypes of context-aware systems (4/6)

Multifunction systems (1)

IBM ThinkPad 755CV

Task model

- Work differently for two diverse situations

1) for a standard notebook computer

2) used as a LCD panel for an overhead projector

System model

- A person could remove the plastic back cover from the LCD panel

- Place the laptop computer screen on an overhead projector

- The user could place a finger on the LCD panel like a transparency

Page 10: Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

Design prototypes of context-aware systems (5/6)

Multifunction systems (2) Electronic Wallet

Task model

- Reduces the physical materials in a person’s pocket (paper, money, credit card, etc)

- Improve the ability to identify carrier, record the financial transactions, etc

System model

- Deliver and record important documents

- Communicate wirelessly

- Display information

- Leather wallet design

Page 11: Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

Design prototypes of context-aware systems (6/6)

Proactive model-based systems The system drives or trades off control with the user

COACH Task model

- A software agent that creates a dynamic user model by observing user interactions with respect to frequency, duration, and efficiency of use

Separates the task, user, system model for learnable things - Novice, intermediate,

professional and expert

Music Ball Task model

- The ball-user collaboration creates a language of sounds and associated motions

System model

- Uses AI strategies for music teaching & structure

- Communicates with an enunciator and a motion sensor

Page 12: Context-aware design and interaction in ccccccccccccomputer

Conclusion

The context-aware design framework focuses on design that accounts for contextual information or settings

Why ) Reduces communication barriers by analyzing What can be known about a user How to support that information with task, use and system

models

This paper has shown how context can be embodied in the form and material of design, in the internal models and in computer reactions

For diverse contexts At different levels of complexity