Contributing to the Smart City through

Linked Library Data

关联的图书馆数据为智慧城市做贡献

Marcia Lei Zeng 曾蕾Kent State University 肯特州立大学USA 美国

Shanghai International Library Forum (SILF 2012), July 17-19, Shanghai第六届上海国际图书馆论坛

Major cities (e.g., Shanghai, Wuhan, Lanzhou, Chongqing) have not only city libraries but also sci/tech information centers, either as independent services or affiliated with research institutions.

各大城市（上海、武汉、兰州、重庆等）除了有市图书馆外，还有大型情报所或研究所里的情报所。

Major cities have many small museums, cultural heritage collections, and archives.

很多城市都有很多小型博物馆、文化遗产特藏、档案资料等。

Why Linked Library Data 为什么 are related to “ 智慧城和图书馆服务” "smart city & library services"? 与图书馆关联数据相关？

Bibliographic data in the scattered digital repositories or local databases can be aggregated and integrated with library data.分散独立的数字仓储或数据库中的文献数据能够与图书馆数据集成、整合到一起。

Library data have been limited to serve the find, identify, select, and obtain functions. 图书馆数据一直局限于发现、确认、选择、获得的功能。There are many hidden access points that can bring in much richer information and knowledge through library data. 在图书馆数据中存在很多隐藏的获取点，通过它们应该能带进更加丰富的信息和知识。

Library data can be enriched through consuming the data available in the LOD universe, providing much more information and knowledge to library users. 图书馆数据可以通过对已有关联开放数据的消费得到丰富、为图书馆用户提供更多有用的信息和知识。

Two research projects of preparing and consuming Linked Open Data (LOD): 两个有关关联数据的项目 :

1. Unifying metadata from diverse non-library repositories and preparing Linked Open Data (LOD)-enabled bibliographic data （ LODE －BD ） 将源于非图书馆的数字仓储的元数据资源转变为兼容的整合的可关

联文献数据 2. Connecting library data to the unfamiliar data and metadata resources in the LOD Universe 连接图书馆数据与外界的开放关联数据（ LOD ）资源

Outline 发言大纲

1. LODE-BD Recommendations -- Report on how to select appropriate

encoding strategies for producingLinked Open Data (LOD)–Enabled

Bibliographic Data

Prepared by Imma Subirats Marcia Zeng

http://aims.fao.org/lode/bd

LODE － BD ：可关联文献数据 (LODE-BD) 编码策略选择建议

Situation: There are many non-library repositories.da

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很多非图书馆仓储作为数据提供者或者服务提供者

To make local data into a Linked Data dataset --- What metadata standard(s) to follow? What is the minimal set of properties to include to

insure meaningful data sharing? Is there any metadata model or application profile

for my data? What data values to provide – plain text string or

Unified Resource Identifier (URI)? How to encode our data in order to move

from a local database to a Linked Data dataset?

Questions from the data providers:

为了将内部数据做成关联数据集，数据提供者面临众多问题：元数据标准、最起码特征描述词汇、概念模型、

应用纲要、数据值类型、编码等等

Example: <Responsible Body>- related data fields

Analyzing various Data Dictionaries & Sample Records

• Each discrete metadata dataset retains

its independent identity

• Various standards were applied

各数据定义格式& 数据记录分析

Sorting out entities and relationships

-- The conceptual model 实体对象和相关关系－概念模型

Resource

Agent

About…

OnceOnce or many

0 or once0 or many

Clustering Properties into 9 chunks

将所有属性归纳到九个组

LODE-BD Groups

http://aims.fao.org/fr/metadata/m2b

1. Title Information2. Responsible Body3. Physical Characteristics4. Location5. Subject6. Description of content7. Intellectual property 8. Usage 9. Relation between documents / agents

M2B ：推荐一套最起码的、有描述和交流意义的文献元数据的属性和编码词汇

LODE － BD 九大组属性和关系

Walking through the LODE-BD decision trees, one by one.

Total 18

decision trees.

18 个决策流程图 , 针对每个属性（ property ）

Detailed steps

and examples.

每个决策流程图提供具体步骤和实例

Implementation Options LODE-BD approach in m

Alternative #1, "Design-time" strategy: go back and change your current ad-hoc model to use the LODE “good practices” model. = > This means some changes to your database and the services that access it.方法＃ 1 ，从根本上改变内部数据结构－“设计时”策略

Alternative #2, "Run-time" strategy: you convert on the fly to a “good-practices” model upon request and leave your ad-hoc model unchanged. => This means adding a conversion service.方法＃ 2 ，只在需要输出时才转换成推荐格式－“需要时”策略

可选择的实施方案

Data Output Options 数据输出选择方式：元数据记录／RDF描述

search & browse

My data

MetadataRepository

Records记录

RDF graphs

RDF 描述

LOD

RDF graphsRDF 描述

2. Connecting library data to the unfamiliar data and metadata resources in the LOD Universe-- The Metadata Vocabulary Junction Project

2 。连接图书馆数据与外界开放关联数据资源 －元数据词汇枢纽站项目

National Leadership Grants support projects that address challenges faced by the museum, library, and/or archive fields and that have the potential to advance practice in those fields.

Project purpose:To connect library, archive, and museum (LAM) data to the unfamiliar datasets available in the Linked Data (LD) community’s CKAN Data Hub.

项目目的：连接图书馆、档案馆、博物馆（ LAM ）数据与 CKAN 数据中心的开放关联数据资源

LOD is one of the groups in

CKAN

3865 datasets (as of July 3,2012)

Example: Music-focused study -- Data collection and analysis (1)

LOD Datasets: Identify music-related datasets Analyze the source of the data structures

Ontologies used (e.g., Music Ontology, Similarity Ontology, Event Ontology, Programmes Ontology, etc.)

Metadata schemas and application profiles (e.g., BBC Music Schema and derivatives)

Structured data in XML/RDF samples Documentation

Crosswalk their properties, indicating the matching level (e.g., broadMatch, equivelent, narrowMatch, etc.)

Identify major classes and properties useful to library data (e.g., mo:MusicArtist, rev:Review,

mo:Performance, mo:performer, cc:license , dc:title, foaf:primaryTopic, etc.)

例：音乐相关的数据 （ 1 ）LOD 数据集：

有哪些数据集？它们采用了什么样的本体、元数据表、数据结构？产生匹配表。分析对图书馆数据有用的实体类和属性。

-- Data collection and analysis (2)

LAM data from:1. Library MARC sample records

图书馆马克记录 Classical/Instrumental Jazz Musical and Opera Pop/Rock Soundtrack

2. Their schema.org markup in the WorldCat

WorldCat 记录的 schema 置标3. Digital collections' metadata

structure 数字图书馆和数字特藏的元数据

20 digital collections from national libraries, academic libraries, achieves

More types (e.g., sheet music)

Example: Music-focused study

Break down the 'records' and find:• Common elements 常见元素• Possibility of linking to LOD

properties 哪些相关节点可能与 LOD 属性词汇联接 • Major access points

主要获取途径• Hidden access points

隐藏着的可获取途径

例：音乐相关的数据 （ 2 ）图书馆数据：

Aligning Library data and LOD data constructs

将图书馆数据与 LOD 数据结果相比较、匹配LAM data: 图情档博数据： Library bibliographic records

图书馆文献数据 MARC records 马克记录 schema.org markup － schema 置标

Digital collection metadata 数字特藏／数字图书馆元数据 Dublin Core-based 基于 DC 的 Other locally defined 其它本地格式

Archival descriptions 档案描述 EAD, MARC, other

Museum and Visual Resources object descriptions 博物馆实物描述 VRA Core, other

LOD Datasets: LOD 数据集 Ontologies 本体 Metadata Application

Profiles 元数据应用纲要 Structured data in

XML/RDF samples 样本数据格式

Documentations 相关文献

http://lod-lam.slis.kent.edu/

The technological groundwork has already been laid for libraries and their users to benefit from Linked Data. 当前技术已经为图书馆及用户受益于关联数据奠定了基础 What we need now: 目前需要的是：

the intellectual preparation to support the discovery and reuse of LOD datasets appropriately and effectively

精神上的准备：怎样合理有效发现和再利用 the practical tools to facilitate such activities. 实际可用的工

具 What we can do: 我们可以做的事：

Use existing library data as a bridge to enhance information and knowledge services within the libraries and beyond, thus to contribute to the building of a smart city.

以现有图书馆数据为桥梁来增强图书馆信息机构的信息与知识服务机制，以此为共建智慧城市而做出贡献。

Conclusions 结语

The Three Hares 三兔图589-618 AD (Sui dynasty) 隋代 （公园 589 － 618 ）Cave 407, Mogao Caves, China 敦煌莫高窟第 407窟藻井UNESCO World Heritage Site UNESCO世界遗产名录

INSPIRING CONCEPTS: sharing; interoperability; linking

Acknowledgement

LODE-DB

Co-author: Imma Subirats, FAO of the United Nation

Funding: Partially through European Commission ICT PSP Grant #250525 for VOA3R (Virtual Open Access Agriculture & Aquaculture Repository: Sharing Scientific and Scholarly Research related to Agriculture, Food, and Environment).

FAO AIMS team and expert http://aims.fao.org/lode/bd

IMLS Leadership Grant

Team: Co-P.I. Karen Gracy, Ph.D.Research Assistants Laurence Skirvin, M.L.S. Sammy Davidson, M.L.S. Shadi Shakeri Riley Stoermer, M.L.S.http://lod-lam.slis.kent.edu/