Digital TV technology

แผนกพั�ฒนาบุคลากรและสน�บุสนนฝ่�ายวิ�ศวิกรรม วิางแผนและเคร�อข่�าย

ควิามร��เก !ยวิก�บุเทคโนโลย ดิ�จิ�ตอล

04/15/2023

Engineering Planning & Network Department

2

•Analog Television Vs Digital Television•Contents Creation Technology Trend•The Convergence of Technology•Latest Development and Roadmap of DTT•Q&A

Contents

04/15/2023


3

Analog TV

ผ��ผล�ตรายการ สถาน โทรท�ศน( (Broadcaster) ผ��ชม

Digital

TV

ผ��ผล�ตรายการ

Service

Provider

Network

Provider

Facility

Provider

Application

Service Provide

r

ผ��ชม

Value Chain

Analog Television Value Chain

Digital Television Value Chain

04/15/2023Engineering Planning & Network Department

4

คณภาพัข่องส�ญญาณ

ควิามคมช�ดิข่-.นอย��ก�บุควิามแรงข่องส�ญญาณ

ม 2 ระดิ�บุ ค�อ ต�ดิ (ช�ดิ) ก�บุ ดิ�บุ (จิอดิ/า)

คณภาพัข่องภาพัรองร�บุควิามคมช�ดิมาตรฐาน (SD) 576i

รองร�บุควิามคมช�ดิส�ง (HD) 1080p

คณภาพัข่องเส ยงรองร�บุระบุบุเส ยงสเตอร�โอ 2 ช�องเส ยง

รองร�บุระบุบุเส ยงรอบุท�ศทาง 5.1ช�องเส ยง

ช�องรายการใน 1 ควิามถ !

1 ช�องรายการ รองร�บุ 4 HD หร�อ 12 SD

การให�บุร�การประยกต(

ไม�รองร�บุ รองร�บุเทคโนโลย ส�!อผสม การส�งข่�อม�ล ฯลฯ

โทรท�ศน(ระบุบุแอนะล6อก

โทรท�ศน(ระบุบุดิ�จิ�ตอล

04/15/2023

5


ระบุบุดิ�จิ�ตอลระบุบุแอนะล6อก

ระบุบุแอนะล6อก VS ระบุบุดิ�จิ�ตอล (คณภาพัข่องส�ญญาณ)

04/15/2023

6



ระบุบุแอนะล6อก VS ระบุบุดิ�จิ�ตอล (คณภาพัข่องภาพั)

04/15/2023

7



ระบุบุแอนะล6อก VS ระบุบุดิ�จิ�ตอล (คณภาพัข่องเส ยง)

04/15/2023

8



ระบุบุแอนะล6อก VS ระบุบุดิ�จิ�ตอล (จิ/านวินช�องรายการ)

04/15/2023

9



ระบุบุแอนะล6อก VS ระบุบุดิ�จิ�ตอล (บุร�การแบุบุประยกต()

04/15/2023


10

LCD TV

An LCD screen is composed of two parts:1. the actual liquid crystal display2. a light source at the back of the screen (called backlight)

A light diffuser is placed between the backlight and the LCD screen to make the source of light uniform across the screen.

CCFL (cold-cathode fluorescent lamp) backlit LCD screenBacklit LCD screen

04/15/2023


11

•An LED screen is actually an LCD screen, but instead of having a normal CCFL backlight, it uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a source of light behind the screen.•An LED is more energy efficient and a lot smaller than a CCFL, enabling a thinner television screen.•Marketing made a lot of fuss about LED TVs, but it is only the backlight that changed, so there is actually no picture quality improvement over a normal LCD screen.

LED TV

04/15/2023


12

LED TV

Full Array Edge Lit Direct Lit

04/15/2023


13

LED TV Plasma TVThickness LED edge backlit LCD TVs are thinner than

CCFL LCD TVs. Often less than 1 inch.Minimum 1.2 inches

Power consumption

LED-lit LCD TVs consume less power around 70% compared to plasma TVs.

Consumes slightly more power than an LCD TV. Modern plasma displays receive high Energy Star (US) ratings.

Screen size Up to 90 inches 32 inches and aboveBurn-in Burn-in is very rare Burn-in is rare on newer plasma TVs with anti-

burn-in features, but was somewhat common on old plasma TVs.

Life span Around 100,000 hours Around 20, 000 – 60,000 hoursCost $100 (small size and very low end) - $25,000 Cheaper than LED-lit TVsViewing angle

The brightness and color on LCD TVs shift noticeably over the screen and depending on viewing angle

Plasma TVs look the same from almost any angle

LED TV VS Plasma TV

04/15/2023


14

LED TV Plasma TVContrast Ratio Worse than plasma TVs. All LCDs produce

brighter whites, but brighter blacks as well. Better than LCD TVs.

Weight Lighter compared to plasma TV Heavier compared to LED-lit LCD TVBrightness and color

Brighter than plasma or OLED Not as bright as LED-lit LCD.

Screen Refresh Rate

60-240 Hz, but LCD response times create blur and ghosting which limits true refresh rates to 20-100 Hz.

Up to 600 Hz. Plasma TVs handle rapid movements in video about as well as old CRT TVs.

Energy Use Less for dynamically backlit LCD TVs, about as much for statically backlit ones.

Generally more.

Manufacturers All TV manufacturing companies Panasonic, LG, SamsungRunning Temperature

Dynamically lit LCD TVs dissipate less heat compared to plasma TVs, LED-lit LCD TVs dissipate less heat than even other LCD TVs.

Plasma TVs generally dissipate more heat than LCD TVs

LED TV VS Plasma TV

15

LED TV Plasma TV

Picture Quality

Average Viewing angle 37o 70o

Average Black Luminance 0.15 cd/m2 0.05 cd/m2

Average White Luminance 250 cd/m2 100 cd/m2

Colors Good GoodMotion Blur Great Best

CostAverage Cost for 40" 645$ 450$Longevity Best GoodYearly Electricity Cost for 40" $8 $11

Form Average Thickness 1.8" 2.5"Average Weight for 40" 27 lb 42 lb

MarketYear introduced to public 2008 1997Sales trend Up Slightly UpRange of sizes All Between 40" and 65"


16

Viewing Angle

17

Plasma TV LED TVBlack Luminance

04/15/2023


18


Contents

04/15/2023


19

Contents Creation Technology TrendResoluti

on(2k, 4k,

8k) Color Gamut

(R.709, BT 2020)

Quantization

(8 bit, 10

bit, 12 bit)

Frame Rate

(25/30p,50/60i,

50/60p,100/120p)

Dynamic Range

(Contrast)

04/15/2023


20

Definition Short Name

Scan Type

Resolution Pixels

Standard Definition

480i Interlaced

720 x 480 345,600

576i Interlaced

720 x 576 414,720

Enhanced Definition

480p Progressive

720 x 480 345,600

576p Progressive

720 x 576 414,720

High Definition

720p Progressive

1280 x 720 921,600

1080i Interlaced

1920 x 1080 2,073,600

1080p Progressive

1920 x 1080 2,073,600

Ultra-High Definition

4k Progressive

3840 x 2160 8,294,400

8k Progressive

7680 x 4320 33,177,600

Resolution

04/15/2023


21

ResolutionUHD2 7680 x 4320 (8k)

UHD1 3840 x 2160 (4k)

HD 1920 x 1080HD 1280 x 720

SD 720 x 576

04/15/2023


22

HDTV Broadcast

Format(Uncompress

ed)

Net-Pixel Bitrate

(Uncompressed)

Comment

1280 x 720p/50

0.53 Gbit/s

1440 x 1080i/25

0.44 Gbit/s

Many 1080i/25 broadcasts use line-sub-sampling to reduce bit-rate

1920 x 1080i/25

0.59 Gbit/s

1920 x 1080p/50

1.20 Gbit/sToday, no broadcasts are available in 1080p/50

Net-Pixel Bit-rate of HDTV Broadcast Standards

04/15/2023


23

Interlaced Scan Vs Progressive Scan

04/15/2023


24

Color Gamut

04/15/2023


25

QuantizationPixel No. of Bit No. of Color

8 bit 256 colors

10 bit 1,024 colors

12 bit 4,096 colors

04/15/2023


26

Frame Rate60 Hz 120 Hz

1/601/120

04/15/2023


27

Dynamic Range (Contrast)

LCD1,000:1

CRT40,000:1

OLED1,000,000:1

04/15/2023


28


Contents

04/15/2023


29

Hybrid broadcast broadband TV (HbbTV)

04/15/2023


30

Hybrid broadcast broadband TV (HbbTV)

04/15/2023


31

•This mode supports a wide range of services including ▫Program Guide ▫News, Sport, Weather information ▫Enhanced TV services ▫Interactive Advertising ▫Emergency Warning ▫Education, Health ▫E-government ▫Games

Broadcast-Only Services

04/15/2023


32

•Some broadcast services require a simple return channel:▫Interactive Advertising▫Pay Per View (Movie, Sport)▫Enhanced TV - voting▫Shopping▫Betting

Broadcast Service with Return Channel

04/15/2023


33

•In markets where there is a mix a broadband and broadcast only households the same HbbTV service can address efficiently both environments▫Example of a Program Guide

Broadcast-Broadband Services

04/15/2023


34

•Fast Internet gives access to all types of HbbTV On Demand Video services▫VOD▫Catch up / Replay▫Start Over

Push VoD

04/15/2023


35

Hybridcast: Advanced Hybrid TV services in Japan•Program-independent services▫Wide range EPG▫Scroll news▫Weather, Sports, Business information, Cooking▫VOD (Archives)•Program-related services▫Quiz-show, Educational, News▫Key word connect

04/15/2023


36

•Start over services were provided during Sochi Olympic Winter Games from 7-24 Feb. 2014 daily.

Start Over Services

04/15/2023


37


Contents

04/15/2023


38

Main Achievements

04/15/2023


39

•History of digital video coding standards▫1993: MPEG-2 (digital broadcast TV)▫2003: H.264 (IPTV, HDTV)▫2013: H.265 (OTT, UHDTV, 3DTV)

Performance for Video Coding

04/15/2023


40

Category UHD-1 Phase 1 UHD-1 Phase 2 UHD-2

Deployment 2015 2018 2020

Resolution 3840 x 2160 3840 x 2160 7680 x 4320

Frame Rate P50, p60 P100, p120 P100, p120

Dynamic Range HDR Prefer HDR Mandatory HDR Mandatory

Color Space Rec.709 Rec.709 or Rec.2020 Rec.2020

Color Sampling 4:2:0 4:2:0 4:2:0, 4:2:2, 4:4:4

Bit Depth 10 bit 10, 12 bit 10, 12, 14 bit

Video Encoding HEVC Main 10 HEVC Main 10 HEVC Main 10

Audio Format 5.1 Beyond 5.1 Objected Base

Audio Codec Open TBD Next Generation Audio Codec

Viewing Angle 66o 66o 100o

Viewing Distance 1.5 times of the picture height 1.5 times of the picture height 0.75 times of the picture height

UHD Standard Roadmap

04/15/2023


41

Korea UHDTV Roadmap

04/15/2023


42

Japan UHDTV Roadmap

2013Set-up for 4k/8k test

20144k Test Broadcasting

20168k Test Broadcasting

20204k/8k Broadcasting on Commercial TV Sets


43

Content TODAY in HDTVContent TOMORROW in UHDTV