E C O N O M I E S S C A L I N G S O F T WA R E

O F

Abdelmonaim Remani @PolymathicCoder

PolymathicCoder@gmail.com github.com/PolymathicCoder

Josh Long @starbuxman

jlong@pivotal.io github.com/joshlong

(⻰龙之春)

Spring Developer Advocate

@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

Josh Long (⻰龙之春)

@starbuxman jlong@pivotal.io|

Jean Claude van Damme! Java mascot Duke some thing’s I’ve authored...

@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

Abdelmonaim Remani@PolymathicCoder polymathicCoder@gmail.com |

@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

BUILDING ADAPTIVE APPLICATIONS IS HARD

built on Cloud Foundry !code will be open sourced.

W H Y S C A L E ?

Moore’s Law no longer works@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ processing can’t scale up § concurrent, horizontal architectures are easier to scale

§ “process”-style concurrency is easy to scale still

Moore's law is the observation that, over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years. The law is named after Gordon E. Moore, co-founder of the Intel Corporation, who described the trend in his 1965 paper.!!http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law

data@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

44000%larger in 2020 than 2009

data production is expected to be

:

systems are increasingly complex@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ a complex system today has a lot of moving parts § security

§ multiple clients (iOS, Android, Windows Mobile, etc.)

§ multiple (business) domains

§ integration between systems

§ requires more people working on the same problem

mobile

More than 1.5 MILLION activations daily *

@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

* http://www.androidcentral.com/larry-page-15-million-android-devices-activated-every-day

social: a connected world in 60 seconds@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

3125 photos uploaded 7630

messages sent

7610 searches 2MM

videos viewed

2000 checkins

175k tweets

1090 visitors

700k messages sent

* source: visual.ly/60-seconds-social-media

the internet of things@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

“In five years, by 2018, Earth will be home to 7.6 billion people, says the United Nations. By contrast, some 25 billion devices will be connected by 2015, and 50 billion by 2020, says Cisco.”!!http://www.businessinsider.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-internet-of-things-2013-3?op=1#ixzz3FxCafwWe

§ IPv6 gives us more addresses

§ devices are getting smaller, more ubiquitous

§ “devices” include homes appliances (refrigerators, washers, coffee machines, dryers), roads, air pollution monitors, (human) body monitors, etc

how to think about scale?@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

Chris Richardson (http://microservices.io/articles/scalecube.html) introduced me to this “scale cube” from The Art of Scaling Software

BUILDING ADAPTIVE APPLICATIONS IS HARD

built on Cloud Foundry !code will be open sourced.

X-AXIS H O R I Z O N TA L D U P L I C AT I O N

STATELESS APPSSCALE

no state and lots of gain@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ obvious: no state means no sharing

§ no sharing means that applications can be scaled horizontally easily

§ requires very little:

§ HTTP load balancers are ubiquitous.

§ message queues (like RabbitMQ) make effective load balancers

DEMO R A B B I T M Q P I N G P O N G

WHAT IF I HAVE SOME STATE?

http sessions? @Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ Spring Session § useful in a PaaS

§ useful when you need state

§ useful when you need durable, replicated state

§ pluggable: Redis out-of-the-box, but feel free to bring your own

DEMO R E D I S - B A C K E D H T T P S E S S I O N S

PAAS: P L AT F O R M - A S - A - S E R V I C E

why PaaS?@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

Imagine if architects had to be the janitor for every building they designed. This is how the development team felt prior to moving to Windows Azure.

Duncan Mackenzie Nov 07, 2011 http://www.infoq.com/articles/Channel-9-Azure

“ ”

The Impact of the Cloud @Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ Spring Boot makes it dead simple to stand up services.(Where do they live? Who runs them?)

§ Things get Distributed REALLY quickly! CF provides a way to simplify

!!

§ Manifests are are the ultimate installer. (cf push an entire distributed system!)

§ Spring Cloud PaaS connectors simplify service-consumption

> cf push hystrix.jar > cf push …

DEMO S I M P L E S C A L I N G O N T H E C L O U D

BUILDING ADAPTIVE APPLICATIONS IS HARD

built on Cloud Foundry !code will be open sourced.

Z - A X I S D ATA PA R T I T I O N I N G

CAP & N O S Q L

Brewer’s Conjecture (CAP)@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

Many datastores provide some of the following three characteristics: !!§ Consistency !§ Availability !§ Partitionability

!clarification #1: in a system with no network partitions (such as a single-node RDBMS), then there's no need to sacrifice C & A.!clarification #2: availability is a continuous value: 0-100%. there are many levels of consistency, and even partitions have nuances, including disagreement within the system about whether a partition exists.!

choose the best store for the job@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

NoSQL@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

S P R I N G D ATA R E P O S I T O R I E S

How it Works in Rails@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

class Car < ActiveRecordend

car = Car.new cars = car.find_cars_by_id(232) # where did this method come from?

# and then magic happens

Using Spring Data Repositories@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

•Spring Data Neo4J @EnableNeo4jRepositories •Spring Data JPA @EnableJpaRepositories •Spring Data MongoDB @EnableMongoRepositories •Spring Data GemFire @EnableGemfireRepositories

@Configuration @EnableTransactionManagement @ComponentScan @EnableJpaRepositories( basePackageClasses = BlogRepository.class) public class ServiceConfiguration { ! @Bean public DataSource dataSource(){ .. } @Bean public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(){ .. } }

Custom Repository @Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

Keyword Sample Resulting MongoDB Query *

GreaterThan findByAgeGreaterThan(int age)

{"age" : {"$gt" : age}}LessThan findByAgeLessThan(int age) {"age" : {"$lt" : age}}Between findByAgeBetween(int from,

int to){"age" : {"$gt" : from, "$lt" : to}}NotNull findByFirstnameNotNull() {”firstname" : {"$ne" : null}}

Null findByFirstnameNull() {”firstname" : null}Like findByFirstnameLike(String

name)"firstname" : firstname} (regex)

M O N G O D B

Spring Data MongoDB@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ GridFS integration

§ GIS integration

§ Document mapping

who’s using MongoDB?@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ Mailbox.app: https://tech.dropbox.com/2013/09/scaling-mongodb-at-mailbox/

§ eHarmony: https://www.mongodb.com/presentations/big-dating-eharmony-0?_ga=1.259505294.567221685.1413121358

§ Expedia: https://www.mongodb.com/presentations/building-expedia%E2%80%99s-travel-graph-using-mongodb?_ga=1.26276665.567221685.1413121358

DEMO M O N G O D B G I S & FA C E B O O K P L A C E S

R E D I S

Spring Data Redis@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ key/value store

§ data structures § sets

§ queues

§ lists

§ maps

§ CacheManager implementation

§ memcached client

who’s using Redis?@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ Twitter: http://www.infoq.com/presentations/Real-Time-Delivery-Twitter

§ Sina Weibo http://www.xdata.me/?p=353

§ GitHub https://github.com/blog/530-how-we-made-github-fast

§ Snapchat https://twitter.com/robustcloud/status/448503100056535040

§ Pinterest http://engineering.pinterest.com/post/55272557617/building-a-follower-model-from-scratch

C O U C H B A S E

Spring Data Couchbase@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ keyed document access § sort of like a mix of Redis

and MongoDB

§ horizontally scalable

!@Configuration @EnableCouchbaseRepositories public class Application extends AbstractCouchbaseConfiguration { ! @Override protected List<String> bootstrapHosts() { return Arrays.asList( “127.0.0.1" ); } ! @Override protected String getBucketName() { return "default"; } ! @Override protected String getBucketPassword() { return ""; } !}

who’s using Couchbase?@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ AOL: http://www.couchbase.com/ad_platforms

§ Playtika: http://www.couchbase.com/social-gaming

N E O 4 J

complexity vs performance@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

who’s using Neo4j?@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

the evolution of searchPre-1999

WWW Indexing

Atomic Data

1999 - 2012 Google Invents

PageRank

Simple Connected Data

2012-? Google Launches the

Knowledge Graph

Rich Connected Data

@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

Recommenda)ons@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

Graph Search! @Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

Graph Search! @Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

What the Cypher Query Looks Like:@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

MATCH (person:Person)-[:IS_FRIEND_OF]->(friend), (friend)-[:LIKES]->(restaurant),

(restaurant)-[:LOCATED_IN]->(loc:Location), (restaurant)-[:SERVES]->(type:Cuisine) !WHERE person.name = 'Philip' AND loc.location='New York' AND type.cuisine='Sushi' !RETURN restaurant.name

* Cypher query language examplehttp://maxdemarzi.com/?s=facebook

What the Search Looks Like:@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

What the Search Looks Like:@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

DEMO N E O 4 J T W I T T E R

H A D O O P

spring for

Surviving the Big Data Wild-West with Spring for Hadoop

@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

S P R I N G X D

stream processing, data ingestion & integration

But How Do You Process Data Realtime?@metamarkets founder Michael E. Driscoll:

@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

stream processing, data ingestion & integration@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

Introducing Spring XD

sour

ces

sink

s

DEMO S P R I N G X D A N D P I V O TA L H D

BUILDING ADAPTIVE APPLICATIONS IS HARD

built on Cloud Foundry !code will be open sourced.

Y- A X I S B O U N D E D C O N T E X T S

micro- vs. monolith… is not a new discussion@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

From: kt4@prism.gatech.EDU (Ken Thompson) Subject: Re: LINUX is obsolete Date: 3 Feb 92 23:07:54 GMT Organization: Georgia Institute of Technology I would generally agree that microkernels are probably the wave of the future. However, it is in my opinion easier to implement a monolithic kernel. It is also easier for it to turn into a mess in a hurry as it is modified. Regards, Ken

hold on a tick..

…didn’t the monolith win?

@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

so what’s so bad about a monolith?@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

(does your monolith drive you to drink?)

boardroom agility pushes tech agility@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ boardroom agility manifest in technology: • 2-pizza box teams are a result of eschewing organizational norms

!§ easier to scale (in development teams, and at runtime)

!§ shorter iterations: • small services >

continuous integration > shorter release cycles > deployment automation

the elegant microservice@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

problems with microservices@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ hard to deploy (devops!)

§ hard to tease into separate deployable modules (Boot!)

§ lots of moving parts introduces complexity (PaaS & Spring Cloud!)

W H Y B O O T

harder to tease into separate microservices? …No.@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.* !// assumes org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web on CLASSPATH @Configuration @RestController @EnableAutoConfiguration public class GreetingsController { ! @RequestMapping("/hi/{name}") String hello(@PathVariable String name) { return "Hello, " + name + "!"; } ! public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(GreetingsController.class, args); } }

managing many processes with a PaaS@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ services are explicit about what they bundle

§ services are attached resources (locally or remote, who cares)

§ configuration is external

§ scaling is easy

§ isolation is provided at the process level

emergent patterns of microservices@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ distributed / versioned configuration

§ service registration + discovery

§ client-side routing, service-to-service calls

§ load-balancing

§ minimizing failure cascades

§ proxies

Standing on the Shoulders of Spring &

@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

C O N F I G - S E R V E R

R E F R E S H - A B L E C O N F I G U R AT I O N

S E R V I C E R E G I S T R AT I O N & D I S C O V E R Y W I T H E U R E K A

http://techblog.netflix.com/2012/09/eureka.html

M A N A G I N G FA I L U R E S W I T H H Y S T R I X

http://techblog.netflix.com/2012/11/hystrix.html

D Y N A M I C R O U T I N G W I T H Z U U L

http://techblog.netflix.com/2012/11/hystrix.html

Bookmark..@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ The Netflix Techblog http://techblog.netflix.com

§ Fred Georges on Programmer Anarchy http://www.infoq.com/news/2012/02/programmer-anarchy

§ Matt Stine’s CF + Microservices: a Mutualistic Symbiotic Relationship http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGZefc92tZs

§ Martin Fowler’s article - http://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html

Bookmark..@Starbuxman @PolymathicCoder

§ Former Netflix DevOps Guru Adrian Cockroft on DevOps + MShttp://www.infoq.com/interviews/adrian-cockcroft-microservices-devops

§ Bootiful Applications with Spring Boothttp://http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCos5VTtZoI

§ Chris Richardson’s http://microservices.io site and his Decomposing Applications for Scalability talks

§ github.com/joshlong/scaling-software-talk

References spring.io/guides github.com/spring-cloud/ github.com/spring-cloud-samples/ github.com/joshlong/spring-doge github.com/joshlong/spring-doge-microservice docs.spring.io/spring-boot/ !

Questions?

Abdelmonaim Remani @PolymathicCoder

PolymathicCoder@gmail.com github.com/PolymathicCoder

Josh Long @starbuxman

jlong@pivotal.io github.com/joshlong

(⻰龙之春)