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La science des réseaux

Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

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Page 1: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

La science des réseaux

Page 2: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

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Science des réseaux et exploration de données

une ingénierie de la découverte

propriétés

la science des réseauxSOMMAIRE

Page 3: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

Science des réseauxet exploration de données

-1-

Page 4: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

Le web, et tous les systèmes complexes d’information, représentent un défi pour l’étude des architectures documentaires : distribués, à grande échelle et dynamiques dans le temps, ils doivent être explorés comme des espaces inédits pour en comprendre la structure et les propriétés mais aussi pour en proposer des modèles exploitables aux usagers.

L’exploration scientifique et expérimentale des propriétés des masses de données distribuées, ou de tout système complexe, ouvre ainsi sur des pistes d’innovation technologique, des outils, des méthodes ou des services qui pourront accompagner demain les usagers, autant experts que publics, dans des tâches de management de l’information, de veille stratégique ou d’aide à la décision.

L’une des solutions prometteuses pour maîtriser les univers complexes consiste à développer une approche par les graphes et leur visualisation. Les graphes représentent des pivots entre, d’une part, les données accumulées sur le web, les intranets, les BDD…et, d’autre part, les interfaces graphiques de manipulation et d’exploration.

Comme instrument d’exploration, les interfaces cartographiques à base de graphes ouvrent sur des dispositifs novateurs de visualisation et d’interaction avec les masses de données, et révèlent souvent des propriétés de corpus jusque-là inaperçues, implicites ou sous-jacentes. Elles peuvent ainsi participer de la prospection, de l’évaluation et de la décision.

la science des réseauxcontexte

Page 5: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

La science des réseauxInterfaces, graphes et cartographies de l’information

http://maps.linkfluence.net/blogopole/2009/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2guKJfvq4uI http://www.stargit.net/

Page 6: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

base de données

structurede graph

boussole cartographique

Visualisation de graphes / La visualisation de graphes : un domaine périphérique à la théorie des graphes / cependant, des vertus expérimentales : la visualisation de graphes relationnels et la manipulation de leurs dimensions permettent de produire des « vues » originales sur les données. En particulier, il s’agit d’identifier des patterns statistiques ou des saillances visuelles associées aux corpus explorés. C’est le principe d’une géographie de l’information nourrie de problématiques théoriques en Network Sciences et qu’il s’agit en même temps de rendre tangible à des usagers (knowledge mapping tools).

La science des réseauxInterfaces, graphes et cartographies de l’information

Page 7: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

la science des réseauxinterfaces, graphes et cartographie

Issues des graphes (outillage analytique d’un degré supérieur en abstraction, outil privilégié d’exploration/analyse de la complexité) Cartographies/espace de représentation (dimensions des données, réduction, projection/spatialisation). Elles éclairent la forme(s) des données présentes dans un système d’information, l’état d’un corpus, l’organisation sous-jacente d’une architecture documentaire / participent de la prospection, de l’évaluation et de la décision espace en évolution de solutions graphiques, lieu d’échanges et de mise au point d’un code commun.

Page 8: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

une ingénierie de la découverte

-2-

Page 9: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

La science des réseauxUne ingénierie de la découverte et de l’exploration

REDUIRE LES MASSES ET LES DIMENSIONS

• Produire des indicateurs de masses, de densité, de clustering, de voisinage et de centration• Concevoir des filtres• Décomposer les dimensions (topologie hypertexte, texte et contenu, indicateurs d’usage…)• Modèle(s) de distribution des propriétés des corpus

CONSTRUIRE DES FIGURES

• Principes d’agrégation• Organisation, architecture et sous-ensembles• Couches et profondeurs des corpus• Temporalités et événements

FAIRE EMERGER DES PATTERNS

• Méthodes de projection spatiale, visualisation des données• Identification de saillances logico-graphiques• Capitaliser/archiver les phases de transformation des corpus• Ingénierie de l’exploration des corpus par : • Fusion des données de données hétérogènes • Niveaux de navigation/zoom • Réduction (algorithmes de hiérarchisation/clustering…) • Projection (fonds géoréférencés, schémas fonctionnels, organigrammes…)

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Page 10: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

La science des réseauxUne ingénierie de la découverte et de l’exploration

LingLog mode of ForceAtlas 2

Force Atlas 2Fruchterman-Rheingold

Page 11: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

Techniquement, la cartographie de l’information repose sur la maîtrise des différentes étapes de la chaîne de production

• Curation, Enrichissement des données• Visualisation de graphes• Spatialisation, hiérarchisation, groupement• Finalisation cartographique

ajout de méta-données ou

de descripteurs aux données natives

Patterns à explorer Nouvelles métriques

à intégrer

Vues complémentaires

à produire

système d’information

anayse desdonnées

cartographiegraphes interface

La science des réseauxGEPHI : un élément central dans le cycle de production de la cartographie

Page 12: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

La science des réseauxGephi, un consortium, une communauté

100.000 téléchargements

10 ANS d’existence

d’une communauté

1.000 Membres

sur facebook

Sébastien Heymann

Page 13: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

La science des réseauxgephi en différents contextes d’applications

recherche scientifique exploration(Stanford, Workshop-Gephi)

scénographie(international design biennal 2010)

Page 14: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

propriétés-3-

Page 15: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

LA notion d’ordre-a-

(entre ordre et aléatoire)

Page 16: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

La science des réseauxla notion d’ordre

En moyenne, pour un network de 1million de noeuds distribués en mode régulier (avec pour chaque noeud 100 voisins proches, 50 à gauche, 50 à droite), la distribution de 5 liens en mode random fait chuter les distances moyennes de 50%. Il faut multiplier ce chiffre par 10 (soit 5x10 = 50) pour faire chuter la moyenne encore de 50%. Et ainsi de suite… Les effets sont donc décroissants.

Page 17: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

La science des réseauxUne ingénierie de la découverte et de l’exploration

Clustering +distance +

Clustering +distance +

Clustering +distance -

Clustering -distance -

Page 18: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux
Page 19: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

une organisation en « couches »

-b-

(networks layers)

Page 20: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

la science des réseauxune organisation en couches

Couche la plus visible du web : Google, Amazon, SCNF, ...

Couche intermédiaire : agrégats, communautés en ligne

Couche profonde : bases de données

Page 21: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

classements, hierarchies et visibilité

-C-

Page 22: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

La science des réseauxClassements, hierarchies et visibilité

Page 23: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

clusters, groupes et communautés

-D-

Page 24: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

LES CARTES DES SCIENCESclusters, groupes et communautés

Page 25: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

le principe de « centralité »

dans les réseaux

-e-

Page 26: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

ECOLOGY ecology biodiversity conservation zoology marine & freshwater biology ornithology evolutionary biology oceanography fisheries forestry entomology

GEOSCIENCES

geosciences, multidisciplinary geology geochemistry & geophysics geography, physical paleontology mineralogy engineering, geological engineering, petroleum remote sensing meteorology & atmospheric sciences imaging science & photographic technology

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

engineering, environmental environmental sciences water resources engineering, civil limnology agricultural engineering engineering, ocean

AGRICULTURE

horticulture agronomy agriculture, multidisciplinary plant sciences food science & technology soil science integrative & complementary medicine agriculture, dairy & animal science materials science, paper & wood

INFECTIOUS DISEASESES infectious diseases immunology microbiology allergy virology tropical medicine parasitology mycology veterinary sciences

GENERAL MEDICINE / HEALTH

health care sciences & services medical ethics public, environmental & occupational health medicine, general & internal medical informatics nursing history & philosophy of science education, scientific disciplines statistics & probability

MATERIAL SCIENCES

materials science, multidisciplinary nanoscience & nanotechnology materials science, coatings & films physics, applied materials science, ceramics metallurgy & metallurgical engineering physics, condensed matter materials science, characterization & testing mining & mineral processing instruments & instrumentation electrochemistry energy & fuels

COMPUTER SCIENCES computer science, hardware & architecture computer science, information systems computer science, artificial intelligence engineering, electrical & electronic computer science, theory & methods computer science, software engineering telecommunications computer science, cybernetics automation & control systems transportation science & technology computer science, interdisciplinary applications robotics operations research & management science mathematics, applied engineering, industrial

ENGINEERING

mechanics engineering, mechanical mathematics, interdisciplinary applications thermodynamics engineering, multidisciplinary engineering, aerospace materials science, composites engineering, marine construction & building technology engineering, manufacturing acoustics mathematics

CHEMISTRY chemistry, multidisciplinary chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic & nuclear chemistry, physical chemistry, applied crystallography chemistry, medicinal spectroscopy engineering, chemical chemistry, analytical materials science, textiles polymer science materials science, biomaterials

PHYSICS

physics, multidisciplinary physics, mathematical physics, nuclear physics, particles & fields physics, fluids & plasmas optics physics, atomic, molecular & chemical astronomy & astrophysics nuclear science & technology

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES cell biology biochemistry & molecular biology biophysics developmental biology multidisciplinary sciences genetics & heredity biology medicine, research & experimental microscopy anatomy & morphology endocrinology & metabolism biotechnology & applied microbiology physiology reproductive biology andrology medical laboratory technology biochemical research methods pathology oncology mathematical & computational biology toxicology pharmacology & pharmacy obstetrics & gynecology nutrition & dietetics medicine, legal urology & nephrology

CLINICAL MEDICINE

surgery critical care medicine emergency medicine transplantation respiratory system peripheral vascular disease cardiac & cardiovascular systems orthopedics engineering, biomedical hematology pediatrics sport sciences anesthesiology gastroenterology & hepatology radiology, nuclear medicine & medical imaging otorhinolaryngology rheumatology dermatology dentistry, oral surgery & medicine

NEURO-SCIENCES

neurosciences psychology behavioral sciences neuroimaging psychiatry clinical neurology substance abuse geriatrics & gerontology rehabilitation ophthalmology

Map Of Science based on I.S.I. Subject CategoriesDistribution of ISI Subject Categories over 6,164 journal included in the Science Citation Index (SCI - Thomson-Reuters) in year 2006

Aggregated journal-journal citation matrix produced from L. Leydesdorff § I. Rafols data(see paper and informations available at http://www.leydesdorff.net)

Nb. of Nodes : 172Nb. of Edges : 22667

METRICDiameter: 2Average Path length: 1.2351761185910513Graph Density: 0.770671834625323 (max.=1)Average Clustering Coefficient: 0.8256993889808655

VIZUALISATIONDirected Graph / Vizualisation using Ifan Hu algorithm with GEPHI v.0.7 (available at : http://gephi.org/)

Acoustics

Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Biochemical Research Methods

Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBiology

Biotechnology and AppliedMicrobiology

Chemistry, Analytical

Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence

Engineering, Environmental

Engineering, Electrical and Electronic

Environmental Sciences

Public, Environmental and Occupational Health

Instruments and Instrumentation

Multidisciplinary Sciences

Pharmacology and Pharmacy

Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging

Statistics and Probability

Toxicology

Water Resources

Mathematical and Computational Biology

Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications

Vizualisation using Betweeness Centrality Algorithm

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pharmacology and PharmacyNeurosciences

Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cell Biology

Surgery

ChemsistryPhysical

Medecine, General and InternalImmunology

Chemsitry, MultidisciplinaryOncology

Material Sciences, MultidisciplinaryGenetics and Heredity

Environmental SciencesClinical Neurology

Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology

Physics, AppliedMedecine, Research and Experimentation

PhysiologyEcology

Water Resources

Statistics and ProbabilityMultidisciplinary SciencesEnvironmental Sciences

Biology

Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology

Mathematics, Interdisciplinary ApplicationsChemistry, AnalyticalEngineering, Electrical and ElectronicBiochemical research MethodsPublic, Environmental and Occupational HealthAcoustics

Pharmacology and PharmacyComputer Science, Artificial IntelligenceBiochemistry and Molecular BiologyToxicology

Mathematical and Computational BiologyEngineering, EnvironmentalRadiology, Nuclear Medecine

Instruments and InstrumentationRadiology, Nuclear Medecine and Medical Imaging

Top 20 ISI Subject Categories using :

Degree Ranking Betweeness Centrality

Acoustics

Automation and Control Systems

Agriculture, Dairy and Animal Science

Agronomy

Allergy

Anatomy and Morphology

Anesthesiology

Biodiversity Conservation

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Behavioral Sciences

Biochemical Research Methods

Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBiology

BiophysicsBiotechnology and Applied Microbiology

Plant Sciences

OncologyCardiac and Cardiovascular Systems Cell Biology

Critical Care Medicine

Thermodynamics

Chemistry, Applied

Chemistry, Medicinal

Chemistry, MultidisciplinaryChemistry, Analytical

Chemistry, Inorganic and Nuclear

Chemistry, Organic

Chemistry, Physical

Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence

Computer Science, Hardware and Architecture

Computer Science, Information Systems

Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications

Computer Science, Software Engineering

Computer Science, Theory and Methods

Construction and Building Technology

Crystallography

Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Medicine

Dermatology

Geochemistry and Geophysics

Substance Abuse

Ecology

Health Care Sciences and Services

Electrochemistry

Evolutionary Biology

Developmental Biology

Endocrinology and Metabolism

Energy and Fuels

Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Engineering, Biomedical

Engineering, Environmental

Engineering, Chemical

Engineering, Industrial

Engineering, Manufacturing

Engineering, Civil

Engineering, Electrical and ElectronicEngineering, Mechanical

Engineering, Geological

Entomology

Environmental Sciences

Fisheries

Food Science and Technology

Forestry

Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Genetics and Heredity

Geography, PhysicalGeology

Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Geriatrics and Gerontology

Hematology

Mathematical and Computational Biology

Horticulture

Public, Environmental and Occupational Health

Immunology

Infectious Diseases

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Instruments and Instrumentation

Limnology

Operations Research and Management Science

Marine and Freshwater Biology

Materials Science, Ceramics

Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Mathematics, Applied

Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications

Mathematics

Mechanics

Medical Laboratory Technology

Medicine, General and Internal

Metallurgy and Metallurgical Engineering

Medicine, Research and Experimental

Materials Science, Biomaterials

Materials Science, Coatings and Films

Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences

Microbiology

Mineralogy

Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mycology

Clinical Neurology

Neuroimaging

Nuclear Science and Technology

Nutrition and Dietetics

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Oceanography

Ophthalmology

Optics

Ornithology

Orthopedics

Otorhinolaryngology

Paleontology

Parasitology

Pathology

Pediatrics

Pharmacology and Pharmacy

Physics, Applied

Physics, Fluids and Plasmas

Physics, Atomic, Molecular and Chemical

Physics, Multidisciplinary

Physics, Condensed Matter

Physiology

Physics, Nuclear

Physics, Particles and Fields

Physics, Mathematical

Polymer Science

Psychiatry

Psychology

Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging

Rehabilitation

Respiratory System

Reproductive Biology

Rheumatology

Soil Science

Spectroscopy

Sport Sciences

Statistics and Probability

Surgery

Telecommunications

Toxicology

Transplantation

Tropical Medicine

Urology and Nephrology

Veterinary Sciences

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Virology

Zoology

Water Resources

Andrology

Emergency Medicine

Medical Ethics

Nursing

Engineering, Aerospace

Computer Science, Cybernetics

Robotics

Engineering, Marine

Materials Science, CompositesTransportation Science and Technology

Mining and Mineral Processing

Materials Science, Characterization and Testing

Remote Sensing

Imaging Science and Photographic Technology

Materials Science, Paper and Wood

Materials Science, Textiles

Agricultural Engineering

Agricultural Economics and Policy

Medicine, Legal

Integrative and Complementary Medicine

Engineering, Ocean

Engineering, Petroleum

History and Philosophy Of Science

Neurosciences

Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Microscopy

Education, Scientific Disciplines

Medical Informatics

ECOLOGY ecology biodiversity conservation zoology marine & freshwater biology ornithology evolutionary biology oceanography fisheries forestry entomology

GEOSCIENCES

geosciences, multidisciplinary geology geochemistry & geophysics geography, physical paleontology mineralogy engineering, geological engineering, petroleum remote sensing meteorology & atmospheric sciences imaging science & photographic technology

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

engineering, environmental environmental sciences water resources engineering, civil limnology agricultural engineering engineering, ocean

AGRICULTURE

horticulture agronomy agriculture, multidisciplinary plant sciences food science & technology soil science integrative & complementary medicine agriculture, dairy & animal science materials science, paper & wood

INFECTIOUS DISEASESES infectious diseases immunology microbiology allergy virology tropical medicine parasitology mycology veterinary sciences

GENERAL MEDICINE / HEALTH

health care sciences & services medical ethics public, environmental & occupational health medicine, general & internal medical informatics nursing history & philosophy of science education, scientific disciplines statistics & probability

MATERIAL SCIENCES

materials science, multidisciplinary nanoscience & nanotechnology materials science, coatings & films physics, applied materials science, ceramics metallurgy & metallurgical engineering physics, condensed matter materials science, characterization & testing mining & mineral processing instruments & instrumentation electrochemistry energy & fuels

COMPUTER SCIENCES computer science, hardware & architecture computer science, information systems computer science, artificial intelligence engineering, electrical & electronic computer science, theory & methods computer science, software engineering telecommunications computer science, cybernetics automation & control systems transportation science & technology computer science, interdisciplinary applications robotics operations research & management science mathematics, applied engineering, industrial

ENGINEERING

mechanics engineering, mechanical mathematics, interdisciplinary applications thermodynamics engineering, multidisciplinary engineering, aerospace materials science, composites engineering, marine construction & building technology engineering, manufacturing acoustics mathematics

CHEMISTRY chemistry, multidisciplinary chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic & nuclear chemistry, physical chemistry, applied crystallography chemistry, medicinal spectroscopy engineering, chemical chemistry, analytical materials science, textiles polymer science materials science, biomaterials

PHYSICS

physics, multidisciplinary physics, mathematical physics, nuclear physics, particles & fields physics, fluids & plasmas optics physics, atomic, molecular & chemical astronomy & astrophysics nuclear science & technology

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES cell biology biochemistry & molecular biology biophysics developmental biology multidisciplinary sciences genetics & heredity biology medicine, research & experimental microscopy anatomy & morphology endocrinology & metabolism biotechnology & applied microbiology physiology reproductive biology andrology medical laboratory technology biochemical research methods pathology oncology mathematical & computational biology toxicology pharmacology & pharmacy obstetrics & gynecology nutrition & dietetics medicine, legal urology & nephrology

CLINICAL MEDICINE

surgery critical care medicine emergency medicine transplantation respiratory system peripheral vascular disease cardiac & cardiovascular systems orthopedics engineering, biomedical hematology pediatrics sport sciences anesthesiology gastroenterology & hepatology radiology, nuclear medicine & medical imaging otorhinolaryngology rheumatology dermatology dentistry, oral surgery & medicine

NEURO-SCIENCES

neurosciences psychology behavioral sciences neuroimaging psychiatry clinical neurology substance abuse geriatrics & gerontology rehabilitation ophthalmology

Map Of Science based on I.S.I. Subject CategoriesDistribution of ISI Subject Categories over 6,164 journal included in the Science Citation Index (SCI - Thomson-Reuters) in year 2006

Aggregated journal-journal citation matrix produced from L. Leydesdorff § I. Rafols data(see paper and informations available at http://www.leydesdorff.net)

Nb. of Nodes : 172Nb. of Edges : 22667

METRICDiameter: 2Average Path length: 1.2351761185910513Graph Density: 0.770671834625323 (max.=1)Average Clustering Coefficient: 0.8256993889808655

VIZUALISATIONDirected Graph / Vizualisation using Ifan Hu algorithm with GEPHI v.0.7 (available at : http://gephi.org/)

Acoustics

Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Biochemical Research Methods

Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBiology

Biotechnology and AppliedMicrobiology

Chemistry, Analytical

Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence

Engineering, Environmental

Engineering, Electrical and Electronic

Environmental Sciences

Public, Environmental and Occupational Health

Instruments and Instrumentation

Multidisciplinary Sciences

Pharmacology and Pharmacy

Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging

Statistics and Probability

Toxicology

Water Resources

Mathematical and Computational Biology

Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications

Vizualisation using Betweeness Centrality Algorithm

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pharmacology and PharmacyNeurosciences

Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cell Biology

Surgery

ChemsistryPhysical

Medecine, General and InternalImmunology

Chemsitry, MultidisciplinaryOncology

Material Sciences, MultidisciplinaryGenetics and Heredity

Environmental SciencesClinical Neurology

Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology

Physics, AppliedMedecine, Research and Experimentation

PhysiologyEcology

Water Resources

Statistics and ProbabilityMultidisciplinary SciencesEnvironmental Sciences

Biology

Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology

Mathematics, Interdisciplinary ApplicationsChemistry, AnalyticalEngineering, Electrical and ElectronicBiochemical research MethodsPublic, Environmental and Occupational HealthAcoustics

Pharmacology and PharmacyComputer Science, Artificial IntelligenceBiochemistry and Molecular BiologyToxicology

Mathematical and Computational BiologyEngineering, EnvironmentalRadiology, Nuclear Medecine

Instruments and InstrumentationRadiology, Nuclear Medecine and Medical Imaging

Top 20 ISI Subject Categories using :

Degree Ranking Betweeness Centrality

Acoustics

Automation and Control Systems

Agriculture, Dairy and Animal Science

Agronomy

Allergy

Anatomy and Morphology

Anesthesiology

Biodiversity Conservation

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Behavioral Sciences

Biochemical Research Methods

Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBiology

BiophysicsBiotechnology and Applied Microbiology

Plant Sciences

OncologyCardiac and Cardiovascular Systems Cell Biology

Critical Care Medicine

Thermodynamics

Chemistry, Applied

Chemistry, Medicinal

Chemistry, MultidisciplinaryChemistry, Analytical

Chemistry, Inorganic and Nuclear

Chemistry, Organic

Chemistry, Physical

Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence

Computer Science, Hardware and Architecture

Computer Science, Information Systems

Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications

Computer Science, Software Engineering

Computer Science, Theory and Methods

Construction and Building Technology

Crystallography

Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Medicine

Dermatology

Geochemistry and Geophysics

Substance Abuse

Ecology

Health Care Sciences and Services

Electrochemistry

Evolutionary Biology

Developmental Biology

Endocrinology and Metabolism

Energy and Fuels

Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Engineering, Biomedical

Engineering, Environmental

Engineering, Chemical

Engineering, Industrial

Engineering, Manufacturing

Engineering, Civil

Engineering, Electrical and ElectronicEngineering, Mechanical

Engineering, Geological

Entomology

Environmental Sciences

Fisheries

Food Science and Technology

Forestry

Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Genetics and Heredity

Geography, PhysicalGeology

Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Geriatrics and Gerontology

Hematology

Mathematical and Computational Biology

Horticulture

Public, Environmental and Occupational Health

Immunology

Infectious Diseases

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Instruments and Instrumentation

Limnology

Operations Research and Management Science

Marine and Freshwater Biology

Materials Science, Ceramics

Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Mathematics, Applied

Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications

Mathematics

Mechanics

Medical Laboratory Technology

Medicine, General and Internal

Metallurgy and Metallurgical Engineering

Medicine, Research and Experimental

Materials Science, Biomaterials

Materials Science, Coatings and Films

Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences

Microbiology

Mineralogy

Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mycology

Clinical Neurology

Neuroimaging

Nuclear Science and Technology

Nutrition and Dietetics

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Oceanography

Ophthalmology

Optics

Ornithology

Orthopedics

Otorhinolaryngology

Paleontology

Parasitology

Pathology

Pediatrics

Pharmacology and Pharmacy

Physics, Applied

Physics, Fluids and Plasmas

Physics, Atomic, Molecular and Chemical

Physics, Multidisciplinary

Physics, Condensed Matter

Physiology

Physics, Nuclear

Physics, Particles and Fields

Physics, Mathematical

Polymer Science

Psychiatry

Psychology

Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging

Rehabilitation

Respiratory System

Reproductive Biology

Rheumatology

Soil Science

Spectroscopy

Sport Sciences

Statistics and Probability

Surgery

Telecommunications

Toxicology

Transplantation

Tropical Medicine

Urology and Nephrology

Veterinary Sciences

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Virology

Zoology

Water Resources

Andrology

Emergency Medicine

Medical Ethics

Nursing

Engineering, Aerospace

Computer Science, Cybernetics

Robotics

Engineering, Marine

Materials Science, CompositesTransportation Science and Technology

Mining and Mineral Processing

Materials Science, Characterization and Testing

Remote Sensing

Imaging Science and Photographic Technology

Materials Science, Paper and Wood

Materials Science, Textiles

Agricultural Engineering

Agricultural Economics and Policy

Medicine, Legal

Integrative and Complementary Medicine

Engineering, Ocean

Engineering, Petroleum

History and Philosophy Of Science

Neurosciences

Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Microscopy

Education, Scientific Disciplines

Medical Informatics

Force atlas 2 Taille et degrés couleur centralité

La science des réseauxprincipe de centralité

Page 27: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux

LES CARTES DES SCIENCESBibliographie

A.-L. BARABASI – linked: the new science of networks, new ed., Perseus Publishing, 2005.

A.-L. BARABASI – Bursts: The Hidden Pattern Behind Everything We Do, Dutton-Sciences, 2010.

M. BUCHANAN – Nexus, Small Worlds and the groundbreaking Theory of Networks, W. W. Norton & Company, 2003.

S. CHAKRABARTI – Mining the Web: Discovering Knowledge from Hypertext Data, Morgan Kaufmann, 2002.

B.-A. HUBERMAN – the laws of the web: patterns in the ecology of information, MIT-Press, 2001.

J. KLEINBERG, E. TARDOS – algorithm design, Addison Wesley, 2006.

M. NEUMAN, A.-L. BARABASI, D.-J. WATTS – the Structure and Dynamics of Networks, Princeton Studies in Complexity, 2006.

B. SHNEIDERMAN, S.-K. CARD, J. MACKINLAY - readings in information visualization: using vision to think, Morgan Kaufmann, 1999.

S. STROGATZ – sync: the emerging science of spontaneous order, 2004, Hyperion, 2003.

D. WATTS – six degrees – the science of a connected age, W. W. Norton & Company, 2004.

Page 28: Formation Gephi : La science des réseaux