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GALILEO System StatusESA Galileo Project OfficeWorkshop Satellietnavigatie Haarlem

HSB / NIN / VPN / GIN12 December 2014

12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 2

Galileo

European Global Navigation Satellite System with 30 satellites

Constellation• Walker 24/3/1 constellation

plus 6 in-orbit spares• Semi-major axis

29600.318 km• Inclination 56 deg• Period: 14h 4m 42s• Ground track repeat cycle

10 days / 17 orbits

Galileo Deployment Plan

System TB v1Algorithms validation

Galileo System Testbed v2GIOVE-A and -B Satellites

and ground operations

In-Orbit Validation4 operational satellites

and initial ground infrastructure

Full Operational Capability30 operational satellites

and complete ground infrastructure

Initial Operational Capability18 operational satellites

and improved operational ground infrastructure

3

2002

2005

2013

20xx

20xx

Galileo services

Open Access

Commercial

Search and Rescue

Public Regulated

Free (as GPS)Mass market

Under developmentAccess controlled by CS provider High accuracyNear real-time relay of distress alarms to improve existing search and rescue services.Return link feasible

Controlled access to governmentauthorized-users onlyHigh availability

GPS L1GPS L5 GPS L2 Glonass G2

Galileo Navigation Signals: OverviewE5a Signal:

Data+PilotMod.: BPSK

Rc=10.23 McpsRs=50 sps

Open Services

E5b Signal:Data+Pilot

Mod.: BPSKRc=10.23 Mcps

Rs=250 spsOpen Services

E6-A Signal:Mod.: BOCc(15,2.5)Public Regulated

Service

E6-B/C Signal:Data+Pilot

Mod.: BPSK OverlayRc=5.115 McpsRs=1000 sps

Commercial Service

E1-A Signal:Mod.: BOCc(15,2.5)Public Regulated

Service

E1-B/C Signal:Data+Pilot

Mod.: CBOC OverlayPower Ratio 10/1

Rc=1.023 McpsRs=250 sps

Open Services

1278.750 MHz 1575.420 MHz1191.795 MHz86.955MHz

15.345MHz

296.67MHz

15.345MHz

E5 combined signal:AltBOC(15,10)

Frequency

Aligned and interoperable with future GPS (modernized L1C and L5) signals, by carrier frequency and modulation

12 December, 2014

Document Title 6

Galileo IOV Satellite (PFM, FM2, FM3 & FM4)

SPACECRAFT PropertiesMass at Launch (incl. Propellant)Power ConsumptionDimensions:LifetimeOrbit InjectionAttitude Profile

~700 kg1420 W

2.74 x 14.5 x 1.59 m12 yearsDirect into MEO orbit Yaw Steered

EADS Astrium GmbHEADS Astrium Ltd

Thales Alenia Space – Italy

SAR Rx antenna(406 MHz, array)

SAR Tx antenna(L band)

Navigation antenna(L band, array)

Uplink antenna(C band)

FM1/2 + FM3/4 differences• SAR Transponder (not

on FM 1/2)• NSGU

12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 7

Satellite Atomic Clocks

Passive Hydrogen MaserThe most stable and accurate Looses no more than 0.5 ns in 12h,i.e. 1s in 3 millions of year

Rubidium Looses 3s in 1 million of years

Error in time Error in distance1 s 300 000 000 m

1 ms (0.001 s) 300 m1 ns (0.000000001 s) 0.3 m

12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 8

Noumea ULS/GSS

Galileo Ground Segment

9| The European GNSS Programmes 9

Troll GSSTroll GSS

Svalbard ULS/GSS/MEOLUTSvalbard ULS/GSS/MEOLUT

Kiruna GSS/TTCKiruna GSS/TTC

Redu GSS/IOT/TTCRedu GSS/IOT/TTC

Fucino GSSFucino GSS

Reunion TTC/ULS/GSSReunion TTC/ULS/GSS

Kourou TTC/ULS/GSS

Kourou TTC/ULS/GSS

Noumea TTC/ULS/GSS

Noumea TTC/ULS/GSS

16 GSS*5 ULS

4 + 1 TT&C1 IOT

3 MEOLUT

Jan Mayen GSSJan Mayen GSS

Kerguelen GSSKerguelen GSSFalkland GSS Falkland GSS

St Pierre et Miquelon GSS

St Pierre et Miquelon GSS

Ground Stations Network (Feb 2014)

Papeete ULS/GSSPapeete ULS/GSS

LarnacaMEOLUTLarnacaMEOLUT

Wallis GSSWallis GSS

Azores GSSAzores GSS

Ascension GSSAscension GSS

MaspalomasMEOLUT

MaspalomasMEOLUT

12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 1

Galileo Ground Segment – Remote Stations

Kerguelen GSS Svalbard GSS

Kiruna TTC

Noumea GSS

Kourou TTC-ULS

12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 1

Galileo Control Centers

Ground Mission Segment in Italy

Ground Control Segment in Germany

Galileo Constellation Status (12 Dec. 2014)

GSAT0101 GSAT0102 GSAT0103 GSAT0104

SV ID 11 12 19 20

Orbital Slot B05 B06 C04 C05

Clock PHM PHM PHM RAFS

TechnicalStatus Healthy Healthy Healthy

Unavailable from 2014-05-27

(NAGU 2014014)

Min Received Power

(Public SIS ICD)

E5 HPA degradation recoverable by

using redundancy

E1 compliant

E1+E5 compliant E1+E5 in temporary back off

E1 output stage degradation

E5 not available

SAR N/A N/A SAR Transponder ON

SAR Transponder ON

Signal and Message Availability

Availability[%]

Ranging Signal

HealthyMessage

GSAT0101 93.5 63.4

GSAT0102 92.6 75.3

GSAT0103 99.9 94.3

GSAT0104 30.9 28.1

Availability affected byGSAT0104 off since 27/5GSAT0101/2 ASW update

SHS OK since Dec 3rdnav msg reports healthy status when satellites are healthy

Ranging Accuracy

Ranging Accuracy impacted bySatellite maintenance operationsSporadic infrastructure events: e.g. GSS tracking anomalies, PTF outage/re-configurationSignificant improvement in the last months

Satellite 67% [m]GSAT0101 0.98GSAT0102 0.85GSAT0103 1.07GSAT0104 1.4

Overall ranging accuracy (67 percentiles)

Galileo for Precise TimingGalileo provides both precise positioning and timing

Timing is available for a fixed user already with one Galileo satellite in view

Galileo disseminates the international reference timescale Universal Coordinated Time (UTC)

The internal Galileo time reference Galileo System Time (GST) is closely steered to UTC (modulo 1 second) and the GST-UTC conversion parameters are provided in the Galileo navigation messageThis allows Galileo users to measure the time and frequency offset of the local clock versus UTC

As a contribution to the interoperability with GPS, Galileo determines and broadcasts Galileo GPS Time Offset (GGTO) in coordination with the U.S. Naval Observatory

UTC System Satellite User

UTC Dissemination

Planned Outage due tohandover from UTC(INRIM)

Overall good performance of ~7ns (95%)GST-UTC requirement 30ns (95%)

Galileo-GPS Time Offset

Expected GGTO accuracy 7ns (95%) Removal of ~10ns bias still to be applied

For Galileo Single-Frequency users: NeQuick Model

Climatological (monthly mean) model of electron density 3D (as opposed to single-layer ionospheric models SBAS, Klobuchar)Driven by monthly-mean Solar Flux F10.7

Recommended by ITU-R for propagation predictionBased on profiles of ionospheric layersAdapted in Galileo for nowcasting based on recent observations

Hochegger, G., B. Nava, S.M. Radicella and R. Leitinger (2000): A family of ionospheric models for different uses,Phys. Chem. Earth, 25 (4), 307-310.Radicella, S.M. and R. Leitinger, “The evolution of the DGR approach to model electron density profiles”, Adv. Space Res., Vol. 27, Issue 1, pp. 35-40, 2001.

Ionosphere correction capability (%)

doy 127/2013 doy 080/2014

85%

79.2 %

81.6 %

74.4 %

GPS broadcast

Galileo broadcast

FOC SatellitesOverall SpacecraftMass at LaunchPower ConsumptionDimensions:LifetimeOrbit InjectionAttitude Profile

733kg1900 W2.5 x 1.1 x 14.7 m wing span12 yearsDirect into MEO orbit Yaw Steered

S/C Prime Contractor OHB Systems GmbHP/L Prime Contractor SSTL Ltd

WO1 + WO2 = 22 satellites

Both spacecraft are safe and in stable conditions and handed-over to GCC-D on 27-28 SepGSAT201 target orbit manoeuvres completedand NAV Payload commissioning almost completedGSAT202 in SAM (Sun Acquisition Mode);manoeuvres not yet started and Payload off (as planned)

Satellite 5 and 6 Status

GSAT201

GSAT202

VS9 Orbit injection non-nominal

New orbit: Resonant 20 days/ 37 rev

20 days repeat cycle, easy insertion in routine planning (!)Ground track first 10 days sat 5 = second 10 days sat 637 revolutions, good global coverage, similar to 19/10Higher Perigee than other resonant candidates

Reference Current Target

Semi-major axis [km] 29599.80 26180.99 27977.9Eccentricity 0.0001 0.2326 0.1544Inclination [deg] 56 49.8 49.8Apogee height [km] 23224.624 25892.55 25919.55Perigee height [km] 23218.704 13713.29 17280.11

Nominal ground track (10days/17revs) SAT 5/6 ground track (20days/37revs)

3 Nov: Normal Mode (i.e. Earth pointing attitude), but perigee crossings with Gyro-only control7-16 Nov: 9 large maneuvers (one/day)18 Nov: Perigee crossing with Earth Sensor control with the Nadir antenna pointing accuracy required for navigation purposes

Satellite 5 Orbit Raising Manoeuvres

SAT5 IOT: First FOC Signal in Space Since 30.11.2014 all carriers modulated (GSAT201)

GSAT5 demonstrated usable for positioning

• GSAT5 acquired and tracked by the Septentrio Test User Receivers. Correlation plots show Signal in good shape!

• On 9/12/2014, 1st position fix using Galileo SAT 5 and off-line nav msg!!

Redu High Gain Antenna

Redu Test User

Receiver Rack

SAT 5-6: SiS Analysis on Target OrbitTest User Receivers (TUR) capable to perform therequired satellite navigation performance testingExpectations confirmed by preliminary test campaign with commercial receivers

Signal in space could be usable by most of the commercial receivers (e.g. mass market) with minimal impact on performance Impact of the Doppler range is expected to be limited, but very much dependent on the implemented technology. This may result in an increasing cold acquisition time or an reduced satellite SIS availability. Potential lack of valid almanac or increased cold sky search time is expected to be anyway very much mitigated in real operational scenarios by the availability of alternative orbital elements.

Reference orbit

Currentorbit

Apogee

Perigee

SAT5-6 Outlook

In-Orbit-Testing in the target orbit almost completedPreparation of Programme Decision to provide Navigation and SAR services, after completion of In-Orbit-Testing. Target scenario:

Nominal RF signals, Dummy Navigation Msg broadcastEphemerides and Clocks prediction via GNSS Service CentreAssisted Positioning and Navigation

SAT5-6: Availability of Accuracy

Average user location performances are excellent>80% Improvement up to L8 when using Sat 5/6

FOC Satellites Production at OHB Bremen

Galileo FOC Satellite Qualification at ESA, NL

Launch Campaign at CSG Kourou

Autonomous Operations

Satellites Integration on the Launcher Dispenser

Satellites Encapsulation in the Launcher fairing

FOC Satellites Production Status (17 Nov‘14)

FM3 and FM4 under testing at ESA ESTEC Test Facility till mid Nov.’14 FM5 in ESA ESTEC Test Facility since 29 Oct.’14FM6 in OHB SAR-LUPE (island 6) and planned to arrive in ESA ESTEC TF by mid December 2014FM7 in OHB SAR-LUPE Hall (island 5a)FM8 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 4b)FM9 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 3b)FM10 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 4a)FM11 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 3a)FM12 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 2)FM13 - FM22 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 1)

Enhanced Launch capability

SOYUZ ARIANE 5

FOC Performance evolution

IOV demonstrated that Galileo worksFOC satellite deployment is well under way

OHB satellite production progressing wellSAT5 and 6 mission recovery under waySAT7 and 8 being made ready for launch

Launcher service contracts signed with Arianespace:

Soyuz: 7 launches for 14 satellites (incl. the launches in 2011, 2012 and 2014)Ariane 5: 3 launches for 12 satellites

Satellite constellation deployment will proceed based on Soyuz/Ariane5 launch capability

Conclusions