Hybridisatie van mijn_machine_07-06-2012_hoe-begin-ik-eraan

the collective centre of the Belgian technological industry

Hybridisatie van een machine: hoe begin ik eraan ?

Seminarie 07-06-2012 [email protected]

Content

• “Hybrid”: what does it mean ?• Rationale: why hybrid ?• History and future• Classification of hybrids• Overview

2

© 2011 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be

07-06-2012

“Hybrid”: what does it mean ?

According to Wikipedia: “hybrid machines (vehicles) are machines (vehicles) with two or more power sources in the drive line”

Advantage hybrid: selection of proper combination of power sources in function of operation mode

07-06-2012


3

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Twike.jpg�

Example: hybrid car (simplified)

07-06-2012


4

Combination Operation mode

Stopped

Start-up and light acceleration

Driving @constant speed

High acceleration (“power boost”)

Coasting and braking

Hybrid system: general overview & operation modes

07-06-2012


5

Normal / steadystate operationLow power operationLow power operation with engine-stop / power cut-offEnergy recovery (regenerative braking) Excessive energy recovery; emergency stop

Primary source (grid, solar, ICE,…)

Secondary power sourceEnSto (Energy Storage)

proces1

Power carrierM

brake

proces3

proces2

M

M

Multiple processesMore operating modes possible feed power into grid; start/stop conditions;…

Case specific power flow strategies possible i.e. power management

Typical configuration of hybrid (electric) machine

07-06-2012


6

~=

+

DC- bus-

proces1

proces2

brake

==

~=

M

EnStoBattery pack

Capacitor stack…

~=

M

Grid or engine with generator

Rationale: why hybrid / energy storage ?

• store (otherwise wasted) brake energy in order to recuperate it during next acceleration phase energy efficiency (decrease energy cost) decrease emissions, pollution, noise…

• store energy during periods of low power needs for use during peak power requirement (load leveling) reduce connection cost to grid or

downsize (mobile) generator prevent causing power dips with

your machine

7


07-06-2012

Rationale: why hybrid / energy storage ?

• store energy for use during power dips or interrupts on the grid increase energy quality to your machine prevent shut-downs of your machine scrap & production loss

• store a buffer of energy for use in case of emergencies safely shut down keep stand-by functions & alerts working

8


07-06-2012

History of hybrid vehicles

“Steam car” – ca. 1650 – Ferdinand Verbiest

First electric vehicle – ca. 1840 – Robert Anderson

First hybrid car– ca. 1900 – Ferdinand Porsche (ICE + electric)

Release of “modern” commercial hybrids (Toyota & Honda) – ca. 2000

07-06-2012


10

http://movementbureau.blogs.com/.a/6a00d8341e286453ef01156f66abb7970c-pi�

Today and future

07-06-2012


11

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicles_in_the_United_States

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cumulative_US_HEV_Sales_by_year_1999_2009.png�

Classification of hybrids

• By topology (parallel, serial, power-split)• By utilisation (full, mild, PHEV)• By nature of primary and secondary power source

07-06-2012


12

Classification of hybrids (1)

• Parallel, serial, power-split

07-06-2012


13

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hybridpar.png�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hybridpeak.png�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hybridcombined.png�

Classification of hybrids (2)

• Full• Can be driven by primary power source only• Can be driven by secondary power source only• Can be driven by both power sources

• Mild• Some degree of hybrid hardware, but limited features

• Plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV)• Can by charged by the grid

07-06-2012


14

Classification by nature of power source (3)

• Electric/ICE• Electric/fuel cell• ICE/hydraulic• ICE/pneumatic• Flywheel• Human powered, environmental powered

• Mind the topology of the existing drive line !

07-06-2012


15

Classification by nature of power source (4)

07-06-2012


16

Sec Prim Electric ICE Hydr Pneum Other

Electric Volt, Tesla,Elevator/crane

Prius,Insight

Cost! Cost! El. bike

ICE UPS - ? ? -

Hydr. Cost!Power plant

Train,city delivery

IMmachines

? Desertpump?

Pneum. Power plant Research labs

Researchlabs

Pneum.accu

Desertpump?

Mech. KERS Flywheel Shredderflywheel

Spring? Desertpump?

Comparison energy storage technologies(5)

23-05-2011 17


Energy Storage type

Power density

Energy density

Cycle life

Safetyassets

Typical load cycle time

Flywheel + + + rupture Seconds-minutes

Hydraulic ++ - + Leakage Seconds - minutes

(Pneumatic + - + ‘pressurevessle’

Minutes (hours) )

(Super)caps ++ +/- ++ Chemicals Fraction of seconds to seconds

battery - ++ - - Chemicals Minutes to hours

Comparison of technologies (6)

15-12-2011 18


HydraulicSupercaps

Positioning of energy storage devices in terms of energy density & power density (Ragone chart)

Comparison of technologies (7)

23-05-2011 19


How do I start ?

• Define the rationale(s) (load levelling, regenerative braking…)

• Study the topology of the machine’s drive line

• Investigate the typical load cycle(s) of the machinery(dynamic!)• Ragone chart (power – energy – duration)• E.g. hybridisation is not possible when the machine is always

operated with 100% duty cycle

• Economical aspects : pay-back ?• Cost of extra components for hybridisation / energy storage• Cost of extra safety components (mechanical & electrical)

07-06-2012


20

Questions ?

• Next presentation: more technical details

• Don’t hesitate to contact us !

07-06-2012


21

Technology

Hybridisatie van mijn_machine_07-06-2012_hoe-begin-ik-eraan