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INTERNET OF THINGS Building beacons: the next big “thing “ Ravikiran November 28, 2015 Bangalore, India

iOT - Developing beacons

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Page 1: iOT - Developing beacons

INTERNET OF THINGSBuilding beacons: the next big “thing “

Ravikiran

November 28, 2015Bangalore, India

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AGENDA

Introduction

Industry Forecast

Architecture

Enabling Technologies

Security considerations

Applications

Challenges and issues

Future of IoT

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INTRODUCTION

Internet of everything

Connected devices

Artificial Intelligence

Minimal human interventions

Combination of multiple technologies: Sensors, M2M.

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INTERNET OF THINGS

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IOT INDUSTRY FORECAST

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IOT ARCHITECTURE

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ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

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BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY

Operates in 2.4GHz-2.48GHz ISM band

1Mbps over the air data exchange speed (theoretical) 7.5ms – 4 S connection interval

Max 6 packets per connection interval

Max packet size 20 Bytes (increased to 256 in 4.2)

133 * 7.5 = 1000ms

Max bytes per sec = 133 conn. intervals*6 packets*20 bytes = 15960Bps = 125Kbps

Range up to 100meter – 2m-5m optimal

Bluetooth 4.0+ to support LE mode

Bluetooth smart and smart ready support (dual mode)

Low power consumption

Fast connection time

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BT/LE ARCHITECTURE

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BLE FOR IOT

Why BLE is popular in IoT world?

Why it consumes lesser power than classic BT?

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BLE PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL

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ADVERTISEMENT

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ADVERTISING PACKETS

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SCAN & SCAN RESPONSE

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PAIRING, CHANNEL ENCRYPTION AND LINK KEYS

AES-128 with encryption engine

Identity Resolving Key: for privacy

Signing Resolving Key: authentication without encryption

LTK: used for encryption

Paring encrypts the link using a temporary key

Temporary key is derived key: pass key, nfc pair, public key

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CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT

Central initiates/terminates connection

Connection is nothing but periodic exchange of data at regular intervals

Data exchange can be bidirectional, when connected

FHSS – Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

Channel = (current_channel+hop) mod 37

Hop value will be communicated on successful connection.

GFSK: Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying used to encode bit stream over the air.

Link layer manages the preamble, access address, CRC, encryption, data whitening,

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PROFILES VS PROTOCOLS

Protocols:

Protocol is the set of rules followed by different layers

Protocol defines packets format, muxing, encoding and decoding

Protocols are the building blocks to assure device conformant to bluetooth.org standard

Profile:

Profiles defines the basic modes of operation to be supported by all devices conformant to bluetooth.org standard

These are the set of rules, which essentially define how to use protocols

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GENERIC PROFILES

GAP:

Defines usage model for low level radio

Define roles & procedure to broadcast, discover, establish connection and manage security etc.

Top most control layer

GATT:

Entry point for the application to interact with protocol layer

Enables discover, read, write and push data.

Use case specific (GATT based):

HRP, HID,

PXP, FindMe

Vendor specific:

Apple ibeacon

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SERVICES AND CHARACTERISTICS

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SERVICES AND CHARACTERISTICS (CONTD…)

Services:

Break data into small logical entities

Collection of characteristic entities

16-bit/128 UUID

Characteristics:

Smallest data units of a service

This is a encapsulated single data point

Entities where actual exchange of data happens

16-bit/128 UUID

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UNIVERSAL UNIQUE IDENTIFIER:

16-bit UUID are generally assigned by the bluetooth.org

128-bit UUID are custom ID’s.

Service UUID

Characteristics UUID

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BLE FOR IOT RECAP

Why BLE is popular in IoT world?

Why it consumes lesser power than classic BT?

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THREATS

MITM: Man In The Middle attack

Passive Eavesdropping

Identity tracking

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SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

Encryption

Signed data

Privacy feature

Directed advertisement

Private address

Resolvable –private address

Non resolvable private address

Random address

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BEACONS FOR BETTER USER EXPERIENCE

Proximity based applications

Retail

Store notification

System security

Passenger navigation in airports

Smart cities

Medical devices

Smart home

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CHALLENGES

Power optimization

User experience

Initial setup time

Security threats

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FUTURE OF IOT

Smart cars

Smart Couches

Smart consumer goods

Technology that could influence politics

Potential opportunities and global trends

Imagination is the limit

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FAQ:

Is BLE PHY layer is full duplex?

No !

What is the difference between GAT/GAP/ATT?

ATT defines the fundamental storage unit for data in BLE.

GATT defines server and client models

GAP provides device information and service listing. Enables device features like discovery, scan, advertisement etc.

What is the server client vs. master slave?

Link layer defines - master/slave

GATT defines - server/client

GAP defines - Central/Pheripheral

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What is the MTU size limits?

MAX=512, MIN=23

Can slave and Master transmit on same channel?

Yes ! On every connection it does so.

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???

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REFERENCES

https://developer.bluetooth.org

http://www.bluetooth.com/

https://www.bluetooth.org/en-us

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APPENDIX

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NFC (NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION)

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NFC (CONTD…)

Works on the basis of electro magnetic radio fields

13.54MHz operating band – same as RFID

Active and Passive modes of operation

No requirement for an additional battery (passive mode)

Short range technology – 10cm

Highly secure compare to any other competing technologies - (rfid/ble)

Smart card protocol support (contact less smart cards)