Joomla!: phpMyAdmin for Beginners

Presentation “phpMyAdmin for beginners” - http://slideshare.net/yireoJisse Reitsma ([email protected]) - Twitter @yireo

phpMyAdminfor beginnersphpMyAdminfor beginners


I am Jisse ReitsmaI am Jisse Reitsma

Developer

Enterpreneur

Founder of YireoJoomla! & Magento

Extensions & development

Documentation & blogs

Joomla! templates-book (NL)


You are a ...You are a ...

Joomla! site-owner?

Joomla! builder?

Joomla! developer?


My presentationMy presentation

Part I - MySQL

Part II - phpMyAdmin

Part III - Advanced

Presentation online: http://slideshare.net/yireo

Tweets: @yireo


Part 1:MySQLPart 1:MySQL


Introduction to MySQLIntroduction to MySQL

Part of a stack

Client/server architecture

What is SQL?


StackStack

Joomla! is based on PHP, which runs on a webserver with PHP-support (like Apache), and data are stored in MySQL.

Examples of webserver “stacks”Linux + Apache + Mysql + PHP = LAMP

MacOS + Apache + Mysql + PHP = MAMP

Windows + Apache + Mysql + PHP = WAMP

Windows + IIS + Mysql + PHP = WIMP



Part of a stack


What is SQL?


MySQL serverMySQL server

MySQL on the same server as the websitelocalhost

On a different server but with the same hostermysql12345.hoster.local

On a different server with a different hosterTCP-port 3306 opened in firewall

Security becomes a major issue


MySQL clientMySQL client

PHP library (“mysql”, “mysqli”, “PDO Mysql”)

Joomla! (PHP “mysqli”)

phpMyAdmin (PHP “mysqli”)

command-line client (SSH)

MySQL GUI client (Navicat, SQLWave, HeidiSQL)



Part of a stack


What is SQL?Structured Query Language

A way to talk with a relational database


Structured Query LanguageStructured Query Language

A common language to talk with different databases:SELECT field FROM table

DELETE FROM table WHERE id = 2

INSERT INTO table SET id = 2, value = “example”

... but unfortunately there are still a lot of different SQL dialects


SQL databasesSQL databases

MySQL

MariaDB

Oracle

Microsoft SQL

DB2

PostgreSQL

SQLite

Sybase

Microsoft Access

dBase


Relational databaseRelational database

Store data in multiple database-tabels that relate to each other

Normalisation“Technique, used in the process of designing a database-structure, with the purpose to avoid storing the same data multiple times”


Example 1: Joomla! usersExample 1: Joomla! users

jos_users List of users

jos_usergroups List of usergroups

jos_user_usergroup_map Connection between users and usergroups


Example 2: Joomla! articlesExample 2: Joomla! articles

jos_content List of articles (with a reference to catid & asset_id)

jos_categories List of categories

jos_assets List of authorizations


Part 2:phpMyAdmin

Part 2:phpMyAdmin


phpMyAdminphpMyAdmin

Overv iew of phpMyAdminSELECT-statementCommon tasks (edit, add, delete)Import & export


Login to phpMyAdminLogin to phpMyAdmin

Direct weblinkControl panel

CPanel, Plesk, DirectAdmincustom panel


Creating a databaseCreating a database

Create an user with corresponding databaseCheck upon the character collation

utf8_unicode_ci / utf8_general_ci



Overview of phpMyAdminSELECT-statementCommon tasks (edit, add, delete)Import & export


Opening a database-tableOpening a database-table


SELECT (1/3)SELECT (1/3)

SELECT * FROM jos_users;

SELECT title,alias FROM jos_content;

SELECT id,username FROM jos_users;

SELECT name,type,enabled FROM jos_extensions;






WHEREWHERE

SELECT * FROM x WHERE id = 42;

SELECT * FROM x WHERE id IN (42,43,44,45);

SELECT * FROM x WHERE title = “Example 1”;

SELECT * FROM x WHERE title LIKE “Example%”;

SELECT * FROM x WHERE title LIKE “%example%”;

SELECT * FROM x WHERE created_time > “201202”;


Quotes (1/2)Quotes (1/2)

Fout:SELECT from FROM select WHERE where LIKE “a%”;

Correct:SELECT `from` FROM `select` WHERE `where` LIKE “a%”;


Quotes (2/2)Quotes (2/2)

SELECT ìd`,`title`,`description` FROM `jos_content` WHERE `title` LIKE “example%” AND ìd` IN (25,26,27,28,29,30) AND `created_time` > “”;



Overview of phpMyAdminSELECT-statementCommon tasks (ed i t , add , de le te)Import & export


Update, insert, deleteUpdate, insert, deleteUPDATE jos_content

SET `title`=”Hello World”WHERE `title`=”Hello world”;

INSERT INTO jos_content VALUES `title`=”x”;

DELETE FROM jos_contentWHERE ìd`=2;



Overview of phpMyAdminSELECT-statementCommon tasks (edit, add, delete)Import & expor t


ExportExport

Which database tables?Single database-table?

Multiple database-table?

All database-tables? (so: the entire database)

Which data?Table-structure and/or table-data

... or use “Akeeba Backup” (akeebabackup.com)


Part 3:Advanced

Part 3:Advanced


Database table prefixDatabase table prefix

Database table prefixAdjustable during Joomla! installation

Make hacks more difficult (SQL-injection)

RecommendationsDo not choose “jos_”

Do not choose “verylongstring_”. MySQL limits table-name to 64 characters


User ID 42User ID 42

Default “admin” user had ID 42 (Joomla! 2.5 and older)Make hacks easier (SQL-injection)

Procedure to adjustCreate a new Super User and login as that user

Degrade the old Super User to administrator

Remove that administrator

Update current Super User with old settings

... or use “Akeeba AdminTools” (akeebabackup.com)


Cleanup of database-tablesCleanup of database-tables

TRUNCATE `jos_content`;

Be very careful with thisMake sure to have a backup

Make manual checks with other tables


JOINsJOINs

LEFT JOINRIGHT JOININNER JOINOUTER JOIN


Example JOINExample JOINSELECT article.*, cat.title AS cat_title

FROM jos_content AS articleLEFT JOIN jos_categories AS catON cat.id = a.catidWHERE cat.id = 3;


UTF-8 & collationsUTF-8 & collations

UTF-8 = Default character set for Joomla!Support for Western languages, Arab, Sanskrit, Klingon

Collations = Interpretation of characterset for storageutf8_general_ci (standard)

utf8_unicode_ci (recommended)

utf8_polish_ci

latin1 (do not use)


Wrong collationWrong collation

If a Joomla! database does not use UTF-8, make sure it does (for every database, table and field)

Set Joomla! site offline

Export the datase to a SQL-file

Change all occurances of “charset=latin1 “ to “charset=utf8”

Import the SQL-file

... or use “Phoca Changing Collation Tool” (phoca.cz)


MyISAM & InnoDBMyISAM & InnoDB

MyISAM Storage EngineDefault in most hosting environments

InnoDB Storage EngineMore advanced; More tuning options

But not necessary for running Joomla!


Alternatives to MySQLAlternatives to MySQL

PerconaMariaDbNoSQL (Redis)


Database optimizationsDatabase optimizations

Make sure to have enough RAM (memory)

Variablesquery_cache_size

table_cache, table_size

Vari ous buffers

InnoDB stuff (pool size, threading)

Adjust & monitor; Adjust & monitor


My presentationMy presentation

Part I - MySQLStack; Client/server; SQL

Part II - phpMyAdminINSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE;

Create a database, database-user; Import / export;

Part III - AdvancedJOINs; UTF-8, collations; user-ID 42; MyISAM, InnoDB

TRUNCATE; database table prefix; tuning


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Joomla!: phpMyAdmin for Beginners