Pal gov.tutorial6.session3.introduction to ict and e government

1PalGov © 2011 1PalGov © 2011

أكاديمية الحكومة اإللكترونية الفلسطينية

The Palestinian eGovernment Academy

www.egovacademy.ps

Dr. Samer Najjar

Tutorial 6: The Legal Framework of New Technologies

Session3

Introduction to ICT and E-government


About

This tutorial is part of the PalGov project, funded by the TEMPUS IV program of the

Commission of the European Communities, grant agreement 511159-TEMPUS-1-

2010-1-PS-TEMPUS-JPHES. The project website: www.egovacademy.ps

University of Trento, Italy

University of Namur, Belgium

Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium

TrueTrust, UK

Birzeit University, Palestine

(Coordinator )

Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine

Palestine Technical University, PalestineUniversité de Savoie, France

Ministry of Local Government, Palestine

Ministry of Telecom and IT, Palestine

Ministry of Interior, Palestine

Project Consortium:

Coordinator:

Dr. Mustafa Jarrar

Birzeit University, P.O.Box 14- Birzeit, Palestine

Telfax:+972 2 2982935 [email protected]

http://www.egovacademy.ps/


© Copyright Notes

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No part of this tutorial may be reproduced or modified in any form or by any

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copyrights on the material.

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This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-

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Session’s ILOs

• a1: understand the legal frame for access

management

• a2: Enforcing security management through internal

regulation

• a6: Understand the importance of policy making in

the legislative process


What is ICT

Easy to tell the words:

• I: Information المعلومات

• C: Communications االتصاالت

• T: Technologies التكنولوجا

Difficult to get concise definition due:

Fast advancement of technology

من الصعب الحصول على تعرف دقق لسرعة التطورات التقنة


What is ICT

It is about Communicating Information by using a

Technology

Technology: is normally thought of as a DEVICE?

التكنولوجا نظر الها كجهاز

It is about procedure often including a device

من االفضل النظر الها كعملة غالبا م تتضمن استخدام جهاز


What is ICT

It comprises all types of hardware and

software that has anything to do with

communicating information by

technological means and the services

associated with them

تتضمن جمع انواع المكونات المادة والبرمجات الت

تتربط باي شكل من تكنولوجات نقل المعلومات

والخدمات المتعلقة بها


What is ICT

Includes:

Device, that is used for :جهاز ستخدم لـ

storing, تخزين

retrieving, استراجاع

manipulating, معالجة

transmitting or (وبث)نقل

receiving استقبال

Information المعلوملت

in a electronic form. بشكل الكتروني

Examples: PC, digital television, email, satellite,

robots, …..


What is ICT

The definition of ICT: “the use of information in order to meet human need or purpose including reference to the use of contemporary devices such as the Internet. However, in an ever-changing world of

Video-phones, mobile computing, blogs, Skype and

OSS perhaps we should no longer just include the

Internet, but leave the definition at 'contemporary

devices...?”

Ray Tolley

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What ICT laws

• This area of the law focuses on the

legal risks posed by information

technology, information security and

information management.

القوانن الت تركز على المخاطر الت طرحها استخدام •

التكنولوجا، وسرة المعلومات وتنظم االتصاالت

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ICT & E-government - Information

• Information held by government need

to be: : المعلومات الت بحوزة الحكومة جب ان

- Stored تخزن

- Exchanged by different departments

تم تبادلها بن الدوائر المختلفة

- Accessed by people االطالع علها

- Etc…

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ICT & E-government

The implications?

• Information تخزن المعلومات

- Stored ?

Is it safe? هل المعومات بامان

Accurate? هل تحفظ بدقة

How long it should be kept?

ما ه المدة الزمنة لألحتفاظ بها

Hence the need for laws and regulations

to ensure that.

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ICT & E-government

The implications?

• Information تبادل المعلومات بن الدوائر

- Exchanged between departments?

Is it safe? هل تتم العملة بشكل آمن

who has the authority to consult

info?

من متلك الصالحة لالطالع علها

Hence the need for more laws and

regulations to facilitate that.

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ICT & E-government

The implications?

• Information (Citizens‟ Dimension)

)عالقتها بالمواطن(المعلومات •

- Have citizens the right to see what information

is held about them?

هل ملك المواطن حق االطالع على المعلومات المتعلقة به ؟-

- How can they rectify any errors?

هل له الحق بتصحح االخطاء اذا وجدت ؟-

- Can they tell who has accessed their information?

هل له الحق بمعرفة من قام باالطالع على المعومات الخاصة به ؟-

Hence the need for a Freedom of

Information Act (maybe?).

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ICT & E-government

The implications?

• Communications االتصاالت

- Who owns the infrastructure?

من الذي متلك البنة التحتة لالتصاالت-

Old model: a monopoly (with regulator)

من قبل الحكومة، شركة (ملكة احتكارة، :النموذج القدم)مع وجود جهة رقابة –واحدة

New model: Competitive (also with regulator)

)مع وجود جهة رقابة(قطاع خاص تنافس : النموذج االحدث

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ICT & E-government

The implications?


- In competitive communication markets:

:ف سوق اتصاالت تنافس

Need for licensing & Regulator (rules?)

الحاجة الى تعلمات لمنح التراخص؟ وتنظم الجهة الرقابة

Need for anti-monopoly legislations? (can be wider that the communication sector?)

ربما اوسع من قطاع (الحاجة الى قوانن لمكافحة االحتكار؟ )االتصالت

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ICT & E-government

The implications?

• Communications: االتصاالت

Good licensing policies can be an

effective tool for:

:وضع ساسات جدة لمنح التراخص مكن ان

- attracting entry

)دخول شركات جددة(زادة التنافسة -

- developing the telecommunications sector

تطور قطاع االتصاالت-

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ICT & E-government

The implications?

• Communications Licensing policies can:

- Set the industry structure

- Decide level of competition

- Enhance efficiency of the supply of

telecommunications services

- Remove uncertainty and regulatory risk

for service providers, and their investors

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ICT & E-government

The implications?

ساسات منح التراخص لقطاع االتصاالت مكن ان تسهم •

:ف

تحدد هكلة قطاع االتصاالت-

تحدد مستوى التنافسة ف قطاع االتصاالت-

تحسن ورفع كفاءة الخدمات المقدمة ف قطاع االتصاالت-

ازالة المخاطر الناتجة عن غاب القن وكذلك اآلتة من -

الجهات الرقابة والمنظمة لقطاع االتصاالت

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ICT & E-government

The implications?

• Communications: االتصاالت

Competition Problems:

:المشاكل الممكن حدوثها نتجة التنافس

- Refusal to supply facilities

رفض اعطاء تسهالت للمنافسن-

- Refusal to interconnect

رفض الربط عبر الشبكات المنافسة-

- Price wars حروب االسعار

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ICT & E-government

The implications?


- Need to have a social responsibility:

جب على قطاع االتصاالت ان تحمل مسئولاته -

االجتماعة

*Can the e-government be within

the reach of all citizens?

هل ستصبح الحكومة االلكترونة بمتناول جمع *

المواطنن ؟

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ICT & E-government

The implications?


Social responsibility:

*Must there be a mandatory obligation to reach all citizens?

هل جب على قطاع االتصاالت تزد خدماته لجع المواطنن*

**Who is going to pay?

من سدفع التكالف**

*Is the consumer protected?

)قانون حماة المستهلك (هل المستهلك محم *

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Importance of ICT

• United Nations promotes ICT as means to

address the Digital Divide

الهوة “وسلة الغالق ما تسمه ICTاالمم المتحدة ترى ف •

:بن الدول الغنة والدول الفقرة” الرقمة

- As ICT promotes new economical development

-ICT وفر الفرص لتنمة اقتصادة جددة

- Third world is in danger of being left behind due

to its weak ICT

دول العالم الثالث مهددة بان تصبح مرة اخرى ضحة للتخلف التكنولوج-

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Importance of ICT

• EU Commission thinks importance is not in technologies but ability to give more access to under-served communities

فرصة العطاء ICTاالتحاد االوروب رى ف •المجتمعات المهمشة خدمات متساوة

- e.g. rural communities can get services which imply opportunities, that otherwise will not materialise.

المجتمعات الرفة ستحصل على فرص لم كن : مثال- ICTبمقدورها الحصول علها لوال

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Importance of ICT

• As a result many countries established

organisations to enhance ICT

availability in their countries.

كثر من الدول اقامت هئات متخصصة لتحسن تطبق •

ICT ف بالدهم

• UN especially encourages countries to

enhance their ICT.

ICTاالمم المتحدة تشجع كل الدول لتحسن قطاع •

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Legal matters of ICT

• Some pre-digital age laws can work

depends on the way it was expressed in.

مكن ان ) من قبل العصر الرقم( بعض القوانن الموجودة •

ICTتظل مستخدمة لبعض تطبقات

• But is it acceptable to apply laws on matters

that were not envisaged to be included in

them by the original legislators?

هل جوز استخدام النصوص القانونة لتطبق : هنا ثار السؤال•

على امور جددة لم تخل المشرع وقوعها ؟

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Legal principles of ICT

• Fast advancements of ICT means that

any law that is specific to a technology

will, probably be obsolete very soon,

hence ICT related laws must be:

Technologically Neutral

الحياد تجاه التكنولوجيا

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According to UN

• Legal infrastructure:

Key legal and regulatory facilitators for

electronic commerce

- Adherence to law reform principles

such as „technology neutrality‟

- Regulatory structures

- Market liberalization.

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According to UN

االطار القانوني•

لتأطر ) حسب االمم المتحدة(من االمور القانونة االساسة

:الجهات الرقابة و قطاع التجارة االلكترونة

االلتزام بمبدأ الحاد تجاه التكنولوجا-

تنظم الطار القانون لألجهزة الرقابة والتنظمة-

زادة حرات االسواق-

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According to UN

• Legal certainty: القن القانون

The legal status of electronic

communications:

- Forms of contracting, specifically the

need to explicitly recognise the

validity,

- Enforceability and admissibility of

electronic means of executing legal

acts.

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According to UN

• Legal security: االمان القانون

- Examining the security risks inherent in

an electronic environment

- Considers the methods used to

overcome these, in particular the use

of digital signatures and certification

services.

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According to UN

• Legal protection: الحماة القانونة

Includes:

- intellectual property rights and how

such intangible property is protected in

an online environment

- The consumer protection issues which

the Internet raises.

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According to UN

• Legal deterrence: الردع القانون

Examining:

- The development of cybercrime

- The regulatory approaches to

criminalising such harmful conduct

- Ensuring that law enforcement are able

to investigate and prosecute offenders.

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ICT applications in Palestine

• What useful applications we have?

• What useful applications we can have?

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• What useful applications we have?

-ID Cards

-Vehicle licensing

-Law & order agencies

-Civil servants payroll

- etc

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• What useful applications can we have?

- Education

- Health services

- National archives (e.g. heritage)

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ICT applications in World

• Malaysia: mySMS system

The system enables users to receive

information on demand, documents on

demand, and broadcast information

from government agencies, including

emergency information to basic

notifications. The system also allows

users to provide complaints to

government agencies.

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• Singapore: Mobile governmenthttp://www.ecitizen.gov.sg/mobile/

- Citizens and businesses have

expressed a high level of satisfaction

and enjoy the convenience of

accessing more than 300 public

services through mobile technology.

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• Singapore: Mobile governmenthttp://www.ecitizen.gov.sg/mobile/

- The next wave of mobile services planned by the Singapore Infocomm Development Authority will support even more 24/7 transactions, including some that use near field technology to enable payment of train and bus fares, redemption of e-coupons, and even the opening of doors with the tap of a phone against a wireless reader. Commercial relationships between mobile cellular companies and network providers help ensure availability of the requisite technology.

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• Belgium: My Belgium national portalhttp://www.belgium.be

http://www.mybelgium.be

The national portal of Belgium has a link called

My Belgium that is the single point of contact to

government information and services. Over 9

million Belgians have eID cards that allow them

to download authenticated certificates from their

personal file from the MyBelgium portal.

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• Austria: Gender equality websitehttp://www.frauen.bka.gv.at

Austria has a website that supports gender equality. It provides information about current government initiatives such as „Equal pay and revenue transparency for women‟ and the „New Child‟ law. The website promotes a programmeprovides parents with additional income during the first 14 months of the child‟s life, supporting mothers, fathers and single parents during difficult economic times.

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• Germany: Children Education Tools websitehttp://www.bundesregierung.de/

http://www.regierenkapieren.de/

The national portal of Germany has a link off the

homepage to a website for children to learn how

their government works, Regierenkapieren. It

has tabs for interactive features titled such as

‟discover‟, „games‟ and „questions‟ and a daily

news section. It captures the children‟s attention

and gives them a better understanding of the

process of government.

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• Algeria: H1N1 National Hotlinehttp://www.ands.dz/

On the national portal of Algeria there is a link titled “Alerte Grippe Porcine”, for the H1N1 (birds) flu. The feature takes the user to a portal page with a specific section for health care professionals along with resources for citizens with links to information and medical resources, a new telephone hot line number, audios from radio spots sharing information on symptoms to watch for and hygiene protocol, and weekly health newsletters have been archived.

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• Bahrain: Web 2.0 http://www.bahrain.bh/

The Bahrain e-government program has embraced the Web 2.0 to reach its customers.

Ministers and senior government officials have established an opendoor policy to interact with citizens. The e-government program has its presence on social networking sites such as Facebook and You Tube. In addition, the national portal and ministry websites provide features such as open forums, blogs, live chats, online polls, e-newsletters and other interactive services that involve citizens in government decision making.

• For instance, two of the ministers and the CEO of the e-Government Authority have interacted with citizens through such blogs.

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• United States: Social Security Administration

http://www.ssa.gov

The SSA portal receives a high number of repeat

customers and has become one of the primary

resources for information on social services in the United

States. The SSA portal has continued to make

improvements to respond to customers‟ needs, which

has led to an increase in loyalty and cost savings.

Examples Source: The United Nations E-Government Survey 2010

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ICT applications anywhere

In simple words:

Any government ICT application that can:

• Empower citizens

• Provide better services

• Increase prosperity

• Achieve more transparency

• Reach the less-advantaged sectors of the society

is a good ICT application.

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References

• The United Nations E-Government Survey 2010

• **United Nations Economic Commission for Europe,

“Information and Communication Technology Policy and Legal

Issues for Central Asia - Guide for ICT Policymakers”, UNITED

NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2007.

• eGovernment Electronic Communications, Omar Dhaher

Presentation, CRIDS, Namur University, 2011

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Session End