PYTHON BASICS

Basics

1) To output simple use print : print(‘Hello World’)

2)When you put the string in triple quotes, it will be displayed the way you have the string in the text editorprint(“””The output would be in ! MULTIPLE LINES”””)or you could just use \n

3) In Python we use a # to indicate comments : #This is a comment print('Hello World’)

4)

Taking Input

firstName = input("What is your first name? ")lastName = input("What is your last name? " )print("Hello" + firstName + lastName)

Strings and methods to manipulate themmessage = 'Hello world' print(message.lower()) print(message.upper()) print(message.swapcase())print(message.find('world')) print(message.count('o'))print(message.capitalize()) print(message.replace('Hello','Hi'))

Type Conversion

. Ex:-salary = input("Please enter your salary: ")bonus = input("Please enter your bonus: ")payCheck = salary + bonusprint(payCheck). How to:-int(value) converts to an integerlong(value) converts to a long integeretc.

Working with dates

• The datetime class allows us to get the current date and time• Ex:- import datetime currentDate = datetime.date.today() print (currentDate)print (currentDate.year) print (currentDate.month) print (currentDate.day)print (currentDate.strftime('%d %b,%Y’))print (currentDate.strftime('Please attend our event %A, %B %d in the year %Y'))• %d is the day of the month• %b is the abbreviation for the month• %Y is the 4 digit year • For more you can visit strftime.org• To add or subtract days or hours or minutes, use timedelta methodprint (currentDate + datetime.timedelta(days=-15))

What about times?

• It is called Datetime, so yes, it can store times.import datetime currentTime = datetime.datetime.now() print (currentTime) print (currentTime.hour) print (currentTime.minute)print (currentTime.second)print (datetime.datetime.strftime(currentTime,’%H:%M'))

%H Hours (24 hr clock)%I Hours (12 hr clock)%p AM or PM%m Minutes%S Seconds

Making decisions

-if os is not None :     print(“Amazing choice”)elif not os == "windows" :     print(“Amazing choice again ! ”)else:     print(“Joke Joke ! ”)

-if saturday or sunday :     print(“Beer")-if wednesday and yourSession :     print("DAMN")

LOOOOOOPS

-for steps in range(1,4) :print(steps)

output- 1 2 3-for steps in range(4) :

print(steps)output- 0 1 2 3

-for steps in range(1,10,2) :print(steps)

output- 1 3 5 7 9-for steps in [1,2,3,4,5] :

print(steps)

Phun with loops and turtle

import turtle for steps in ['red','blue','green','black'] :     turtle.color(steps)     turtle.forward(100)     turtle.right(90)

List

• Ex [0], [2.3,4.5],[5,”hello”,9.8]

• Use len to get the length of list ex:-

Example:- names=[“amit”,”divyansh”,”kshitij”]

len(names)

output=3

List Methodslaptops = [‘Blade','Alienware','Macbook','MSI']#add a new value to the end of the list laptops.append('Microsoft')

#display the last value in the list print(laptops[-1])

#remove a value from the lustlaptops.remove('Alienware')

#delete the first item in the list del laptops[0]

#print the first item in the list print(laptops[0])

#this will return the index in the list print(laptops.index(‘Macbook'))

#Sort the names in alphabetical order laptops.sort()#Otherslaptops.upper(), laptops.lower()

Exception Handling

first = input("Enter the first number ") second = input("Enter the second number ") firstNumber = float(first) secondNumber = float(second) try :     result = firstNumber / secondNumber     print (first + " / " + second + " = " + str(result))except Exception as e:     print(e)– https://

docs.python.org/3/c-api/exceptions.html#standard-exceptions