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A senior project about renewable energy sources. It covers points such as how to install and maintain solar systems (both photovoltaic and water heating), modifying a car to run on biofuel, a personal project to build a solar powered RC car, and a personal project to model a virtual city which is green.Provides a contact sheet of companies that may aid consumers in acquiring and installing said systems (Mexico mainly)The sources are all citedPresentation applies largely to Mexico, but is easily extrapolated to other countries (except contact sheet)
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A Renewable World: The Future Ahead Of Us
A Senior Project by Alejandro Sauter Forseck
• Part 1 – Reducing Your Carbon Footprint
• Part 2 – Contact Sheet• Part 3 – Solar Powered RC Car
• Part 4 – Virtual City Model
Index
Reducing Your Carbon Footprint
Alejandro Sauter
What is a carbon footprint?
• Carbon footprint: a measure of the impact our activities on the environment– It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases
produced in our day-to-day lives
Primary Carbon Footprint
• The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels including domestic energy consumption and transportation– We control this
footprint directly
Secondary Carbon Footprint
• The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use – Associated with their
manufacture and eventual breakdown
Addressing Your Primary Carbon Footprint
• Besides regular measures, there are two main segments to address:– Transportation– Household
The Household Carbon Footprint
– Thermoelectric 23,121.17 mW (45.2%)– Carbon 2,600 mW (5.1%)– Thermoelectric (Independent Producers)
11,906.90 (23.3%)
– Remaining % is hydroelectric, nuclear, eolic, and geothermic (cleaner energy sources)
Reducing The Household Carbon Footprint
• Two ways– Water-heating solar panels– Photovoltaic panels
Installation
• Water-heating solar panels– simple and cost-friendly– mainly requires plumbing/tubing
Maintenance
• Water-heating solar panels– durable, almost no maintenance– 5 to 10 year warranty
– check tubing every year, revisions every 3-5 years
Costs
• Water-heating solar panels– varies, depending on system type and
capacity– 5,500 to 7,500 USD
– reduce bills and emissions significantly
Carbon Footprint Reduction
• Water-heating solar panels– 230kgCO2/year when replacing gas and
510kgCO2/year when replacing electric immersion heating
Installation
• Photovoltaic solar panels– connection to fuse box– batteries, controller, inverter
– monitor – CFE back-up
Maintenance
• Photovoltaic solar panels– equalize every 6
months – 1 year (refresh water in batteries)
– clean solar panels (dust)
– change batteries every 5-10 yrs
– change solar panels every 15-20 yrs
Costs
• Photovoltaic solar panels– 1,000 USD/panel– 380 USD/battery– 800 USD/controller– 3,000 USD/invertor– 165 USD/switch box PV– 450 USD/switch box
AC/DC– 800 USD/monitor install– 2,500-3,000 USD/materials
& installment
Carbon Footprint Reduction
• CFE energy production percentages/kW
• Your usual kW consumption daily
• Emissions per each kW of each energy source=total
Reducing The Transportational Carbon Footprint
• Traditional ways– Carpool– Smaller cars– Conservative driving
style
• Direct investment– Hybrid cars– Biofuels– Diesel cars
(transitional)
Installation
• Biofuel cars• *Some cars (i.e. Jeep)
are already FlexFuel (take a percentage of biofuel ~ usually 85%)– Spark plug
(Iridium/Platinum)– ECU (Engine Control Unit)
• 2 to 4 cylinders• 5 to 6 cylinders• 8 cylinders
Maintenance
• Biofuel cars– Normal car
maintenance– 2-3 years
check/replace fuel lines (if made of plastic components)
– Change spark plugs every 160,000 km
Costs
• Biofuel car– Pulsar spark plug (Platinum/Iridium)
• 219/249 pesos
– 2-4 cylinder ECU• 6,500 pesos
– 5-6 cylinder ECU• 7,600 pesos
– 8 cylinder ECU• 8,600 pesos
Carbon Footprint Reduction
• Biofuel cars– 70-80% less emissions
than normal cars• 58 lbs of hydrocarbons• 431 lbs of carbon
monoxide• 29 lbs of nitrogen
oxides• 8,600 lbs of carbon
dioxide
– Up to 70% savings on fuel costs
The Future?
• Hydrogen used in cars– FCX Clarity
Hydrogen fuel cells, electric engine
– BMW Hydrogen 7 Uses hydrogen in a combustion engine
Sources• Slide 4,5,6 carbon footprint http://
www.carbonfootprint.com/carbonfootprint.html • Slide 8 CFE production
http://www.cfe.gob.mx/QuienesSomos/estadisticas/Paginas/Indicadoresdegeneraci%C3%B3n.aspx
• Slide 10,11,12,13 water heating solar panels http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/Generate-your-own-energy/Solar-water-heating
• Slide 14,15,16,17 first-hand experience, outback manuals• Slide 18,19,20,21,22 www.fuelflexmexico.com.mx • Slide 22 http://www.epa.gov/oms/consumer/f00013.htm • Slide 23 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Hydrogen_7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCX_Clarity
Index
Contact Sheet
• Photovoltaic Solar Panels– http://www.erdmsolar.com/ – http://www.solartec.mx/
• Water-Heating Solar Panels– http://www.iluminacionsolar.com.mx/ – http://www.genersys-solar.com.mx/
• Biofuel Mods– http://fuelflexmexico.com.mx/ – FlexFuel Car List (2010)
http://www.autobytel.com/green-cars/list-of-2010-flex-fuel-vehicles-104919/
Index
Solar Powered RC Car
• Opening car bottom• Connecting solar
panel cables with capacitor, capacitor to battery port
Solar Powered RC Car
• Insert battery and close battery port (solar panel capacitor battery car) , now the solar panel charges the battery which powers the car
• Mount solar panel
Solar Powered RC Car
• Mount capacitor and cables so car may run
Solar Powered RC Car (setbacks)
• Battery (old, didn’t deliver enough power, didn’t hold much charge)– Reduce weight (take
down car, build it again)
– Mount 2 solar panels to charge battery faster
Index
Virtual City Model
• Based on Montreal terrain• Specs
– 1,747,807 MW-h annual usage 90% solar, 10% wind
– Population: 668,620 – Life expectancy – 89 years– Unemployment – 5%– 794,981 tons of waste produced
• 45% recycled• 25% burned in waste to energy incinerators• 20% normal incinerators• 10% landfills
Index
Thank You!
• Sources listed in respective parts
• Special thanks to– Maxis SC3000 program for city
– Tim Kabeary Interview/providing info on systems and guidance
– Friends and family who provided support!