1. Reported speech Introductory verbs

2. Reported speech

Reported speechi ehk Kaudset knet kasutatakse kellegi poolt eldu, meldu, kirjutatu vi ksitu edasiandmiseks, ilma selle isiku snu tpselt kordamata.

3. Reported speech

Kaudse kne sissejuhatamiseks kasutatakse mitmeid tlemist, arvamist, mtlemist, ksimist vi totamist vljendavaid verbe.

Thtsaimad neist on:say, tell, think, ask, want to know, dream, promise, add.

4.

DIRECT SPEECH

(otsene kne)

(saatelause) He says, I`m not a bully.

Tom says, The weatehr

has been awful.

REPORTED SPEECH

(kaudne kne )

Hesays (that) heis not

a bully.

Tom says (that) the

weather has been

awful.

5.

Otsese kne muutmisel kaudseks toimuvad

mningad muudatused, niteksmuutuvad

vastavalt lause mtteleasesnadja mnel

juhul kaverbi prdevormid.

NB! Pange thele, et sageli jetakse that

ra, eriti say ja tell jrel.

6. VITLAUSED(jaatavad laused)

Kuisaatelause verb

on minevikus(said, asked),

siis toimub kaudknes

krvallauses rida muutusi:

Muudame asesna(asesnu) - ( ka siis, Kui

saatelause on

olevikus )

muudame aega toimub nn. aegade nihe

present simplewrite(s) - past simplewrote

present continuousam/is/are writing -past continuouswas/ were writing

present perfecthave/has written -past perfecthad written

past simplewrote -past perfecthad written

future simple will write-future in the pastwould write

7.

kui saatelause verb on minevikus, asendatakse kaudses knes mned lhedust vljendavad snad kaugust vljendavate snadega:

that this now then

these those today that day

here there tomorrow-. thenext day

ago- before yesterday- theday before

last night the previous night soon- later

next week/year the following week/year

8.

me muudame oleviku modaalverbe

can- could

will- would

may- might

shall- should

must- had to / must

me ei muuda minevikus olevaid modaalverbe

ought to / might/ could/would

9. KSILAUSED

*kaudsetesldksimusteson- siduvaks snaksifviwhether(kas)

- snajrjestus on otsene, s.o.alus + eldis+ ...

- abiverbid jvad ra

- saatelausesayvisaidasendatakse ksimust vljendava verbigaask/asked, wonder/wondered, want to know/wanted to know

Kaudse ksimuse snade jrjekord on sama, mis jutustaval lausel ehk alus on enne abitegusna ja tegusna!!!

ks tpilisemaid vigu suulise eksami rollimngus.

*kaudseteseriksimusteson siduvaks snaksksisna /what, where, when, who, how, why ...)

- snajrjestus on otsene s.o.alus + eldis +.....

10. KSUD JA PALVED

*sltuvalt sellest, mida tahetakse vljendada, kasutatakse verbetell, order, ask, invite, recommendjne., millele jrgnebsihitis (kellele) + to- infinitiiv

The teacher said, Open the door.

The teachertold us toopen the door.

*eitavaksu, palve jne. puhul onto-infinitiiviees not:

She said, Don`t be late.

Shetold me not tobe late.

11. TERVITUSED, NNITLUSED, SOOVID, TNU

DIRECT SPEECH

Hello, Tom.

Hello, Tim.

He said, Congratulations.

REPORTED SPEECH

Tom and Tim greeted each other.

He congratulated me.

12. Introductory verbs

+to inf agree claim demandoffer promise refuse threaten

Example: verb offer direct speech Would you like me to help you? reported speechHe offered to help me.

Grammarway p.109 vaata tabelit!

13. Introductory verbs

+sb +to inf advise allow ask, beg command forbid invite order remind

Example: verb forbid direct speechYou mustnt stay out late! reported speech He forbade me to stay out late.

14. Introductory verbs

+ -ing form accuse sb of admit (to) apologise for boast about/of complain to sb of deny insist on suggest

Example: verb suggest direct speech Lets go out to dinner. reported speech He suggested going out to dinner.

15. Introductory verbs

explain to sb + how Example: direch speech Thats how it works! reported speech He explained to us how it worked.

16. Introductory verbs

+that clause explain inform sb exclaim/remark

Example: verb exclaim/remark direct speech What a glorious day! reported speech He exclaimed/remarked that it was a glorious day.

17. The verbs marked with asterisk can also be followedby a that clause in reported speech.

Heclaimed thathe had won a price.

Hepromised thathe would call.

Headmitted thathe was wrong.

Heboasted thathe was very rich.

Hedenied thathe had taked the money.

Heinsisted thatI (should) work on Saturday.

Hesuggested thatwe (should) take out a loan.