Smart Cities as Innovation Ecosystems sustained by the Future Internet - Landscape, Cases and PoliciesHans Schaffers

Smart Ci)es as Innova)on Ecosystems Sustained by the Future Internet -‐

Landscape, cases, policies

Mechelen, 22.05.2012

Hans Schaffers ESoCE Net & Aalto University School of Economics, CKIR

ScienBfic Coordinator of FIREBALL

www.fireball4smartcities.eu

The “Smart City” concept

q We oIen consider – based on rankings -‐ the Smart City as a reality

q Smart City: not a reality but an urban development strategy, and a mostly technology driven future vision

q Smart City is about how ciBzens are shaping the city, and how ciBzens are empowered to contribute to urban development

q Smart City is an urban laboratory, an urban “innovaBon ecology”, an accelerator and agent of change

q We are witnessing promising developments towards smarter ciBes

q What is the DNA of the Smart City?

The FIREBALL Project

q CiBes increasingly transform into what can be called “urban innovaBon ecosystems“

q CiBes start experimenBng the opportuniBes of the (Future) Internet through “living labs” approaches for engaging end-‐users in the innovaBon process

q FIREBALL aims to bring together CiBes, Living Labs and Future

Internet stakeholders to explore models and pracBces of how open innovaBon and user parBcipaBon supports the experimentaBon and uptake of the Future Internet

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FIREBALL Results

q Smart city vision, landscape

q Cases of “smart(er) ciBes”

q Smart city Future Internet -‐ enabled “innovaBon ecosystems”

q Smart CiBes roadmap and ciBes acBon plans

q Community building , creaBon of a Connected Smart CiBes network

q Portal and web 2.0 tools

Smarter Ci)es Cases

q  Thessaloniki: Technology districts and broadband deployment, relaBvely uncoordinated. Governance challenges of digital ciBes, combining boôm-‐up and top-‐down planning; gaps in digital skills, creaBvity, entrepreneurship

q  Oulu: Careful ecosystem building and nurturing (triple helix) , supported by diverse ICT systems, may support urban development.

q  Amsterdam: Enabled by advanced infrastructure, partnerships and co-‐funded programs lie at the basis of formulaBng joint smart city strategies and shared innovaBon agendas.

Intel Industry clusters and sectors

SmartHousing Districts

i-‐University

i-‐Science Parks and Incubators

i-‐Transporthubs

Intel CBDSmart

Port district

Smarter Ci)es Cases

q  Helsinki: innovaBon cluster policy, emphasis on open innovaBon and ciBzen parBcipaBon. Instruments: compeBBons for innovaBons, innovaBon within pre-‐commercial procurement, living labs pilots, Open Data, public-‐private partnerships.

q  Manchester: Neighborhood regeneraBon as starBng point; digital infrastructure, ciBzen engagement, creaBon of “virtuous cycles”

q  Barcelona: urban development policy, main components of the Smart City strategy include Smart districts, living labs iniBaBves, e-‐Services, Infrastructures and Open Data.

Barcelona smart city development Leading role of City Hall

• Cibernarium• Citilab Cornella

• Municipal Police• New incidents tools• Intel environments

• 22@net• Barc activa• Tech park• Urban Lab• Strategic plan

• Kiosks• Internal gov• Open data• 3D projects SMART

GOVERNANCE

SMART ECONOMY

SMART PEOPLE

SMART LIVING

Smart city model: Three pillars

"   Ubiquitous infrastructures

"   InformaBon from sensors, open data, and ciBzens

"   Human capital, actors, communiBes

Smart city Strategy " Smart Districts:

22@Barcelona; triple helix collaboraBons

" Living Lab ini)a)ves: 22@Urban Lab, Live, Bdigital, i2Cat, Fablab, Cornella

" Infrastructure building: tradiBonal and new. IntegraBon of ICT. From fibre opBc to Wi-‐Fi.

" New services to ci)zens: gov, quality of life, professional

" Open data: sensors, open standard, and city plaeorm

SC Management "   CreaBon of networks of

actors, organisaBons, departments

"   Broadband network and sensor data management

"   CreaBon of proof of concepts for systems and applicaBons

Challenges "   Demand for human

capital and skills "   VC funding for innovaBon "   Low global connecBvity "   Development of triple

helix alliances "   CollaboraBon between

government departments

Thessaloniki smart city development ICT transforming city activities and ecosystems

Broadband networks by large companies "   ADSL: 24/1 Mb "   Fibre opBc net: 2,5 Gb "   3G-‐HSDPA: 42 Mb "   Wireless: free

(municipal nets)

Apps and e-‐services: BoQom-‐up ini)a)ves " City representaBon " City sectors " City districts " CiBzens. AggregaBon /

collecBve content " City administraBon and

social services " LocaBon-‐based services " City infrastructure and

uBliBes " City management

Planning for Smart district

"   Development of wired and wireless networks

"   Free Internet to users and business.

"   Smart environments based on sensors

"   e-‐services suitable for the community of each district

"   Training services for involvement of end-‐users

Governance challenges: Three gaps to address (1) Digital skills gap -‐ TRAINING (2) CreaBvity gap – LIVING LABS (3) Entrepreneurship gap – BUSINESS MODELS

Manchester smart city development Digital strategies and smart environments for urban renewal

Urban regenera)on "   Since mid-‐1980s the

City Council embarked on city regeneraBon

Ø  Drive economic change through technology

Ø  Focus on neighborhood focused acBon, creaBve city, and innovaBon

"   In 1990s Manchester telemaBcs Partnership

"   Currently, e-‐services to address inequaliBes and digital democracy

"   Balance of top-‐down and boôm-‐up acBons

Digital Strategy Started in 2008 and review

in 2011 with respect to EU Digital Agenda and consulBng with local stakeholders. Main objecBves:

" Digital inclusion, generate skills and tackle the divides

" Digital industries, new employment, cluster of digital and creaBve businesses

" Digital innova)on: working with the future Internet research community to support Manchester as Smart City

Toward Smart City Flagship ini)a)ves "   East Manchester: a

regeneraBon challenge "   Eastserve: first Living Lab "   Corridor Living lab NGA

project "   Next generaBon open

access fibre opBc network

Principles for Smart Ci)es "   Neighbourhood

regeneraBon as starBng point for a smart city

"   Digital collaboraBons through Living Labs

"   Pulng people at the heart of the agenda

"   An inclusive and sustainable approach to digital development

"   Exemplar projects

Helsinki smart city development Living Labs and new clusters for smart city strategy

A Porterian cluster in mobile technology is emerging in Helsinki.

"   Clustering strengthens moBvaBon, incenBves, innovaBon, and enables externaliBes .

"   The mobile applicaBons cluster is sustaining Helsinki ‘s Smart City strategy

Factor condi)ons: Broadband, telecoms, NOKIA, skilled workforce, start-‐ups

Demand condi)ons: Government demand, banking , transportaBon, etc

Firm strategy: Companies within SMOPEC, global markets, intense local compeBBon

Suppor)ng industries: Broadband infrastructure, 3G nets, specialized service providers

Compe))ons for Open Data apps as strategy for cluster development

"   The Helsinki Regions made available public transportaBon data

"   Apps4Finland makes data available related to environment and spaBal informaBon

"   CompeBBons and Living Labs as drivers for the M-‐cluster development

Empowerment Examples q  Thessaloniki: emergence of developer

communiBes: e-‐services and applicaBons e.g. mobility services

q  Oulu: PATIO (test user community tool): empower ordinary people to experiment new services

q  Manchester: Digital City Test-‐Bed (as a vision)

q  Barcelona: 22@Urban Lab: city as urban lab, pilot programs, use of public spaces, e.g. Open data

q  Helsinki: compeBBons for innovaBve applicaBons e.g. Apps4Finland; InnovaBve City program; Open Data business development iniBaBves

Smart ci)zens and Open Data – Helsinki examples

q Smart city – service organisaBon in an innovaBve environment

q ExploiBng available informaBon

q  Idea incubators use city data – Apps4Finland compeBBon

q Open interfaces are an important step in the development of the City’s systems

Tell-on-the-Map – map-based Commentary tool, enabling a dialogue between citizens and city

Apps4Finland competition – Helsinki Public Transport Visualised

Service Map: open information channel about offices and services

Smart city strategies implementa)on prospects and boQlenecks: SWOT

Strengths Opportuni)es

•  Cultural heritage, a^racBveness •  Development strategies, planning •  Broadband network deployment •  Major development iniBaBves

•  CompeBBveness of local clusters •  ExploiBng service innovaBon opportuniBes towards new business •  OpportuniBes for local ICT sectors and entrepreneurship •  Introducing parBcipatory city planning

Weaknesses Threats

•  Top down orientaBon to planning •  Lacking aênBon to concrete needs of ciBzens and SMEs •  Digital gaps •  Lacking orientaBon on entrepreneurship •  Weak policy and funding instruments •  Impact and benefits measurement

•  Economic crisis, lack of resources •  Vulnerable business models for sustainability of public sector iniBaBves •  Low level of private investment in R&D and innovaBon •  Weak insBtuBonal environments for technology and innovaBon

Comparing the smart(er) city cases

Helsinki Thessaloniki Manchester Oulu Barcelona

Concept Smart City cluster, Mobile

Intelligent CiBes Urban regeneraBon

City of InnovaBon

Social and urban growth

Strategies Knowledge intensive cluster building

Building smart districts AgglomeraBon of Apps

Tackling skills and divides Pro-‐acBve approach

Technology Ubiquitous Oulu

Smart districts, Urban Living Lab

Drivers Strengthen the region

ICT and infrastructure deployment

Economic development

Policy and strategies of Oulu

Policies of city hall; triple helix

Challenges Human capital base

Digital skills gaps CreaBvity gap Entrepreneurship gap

Common digital agenda

Adapt policy instruments to create business

Enhancing collaboraBon; human capital / skills, funding

Innova)on ecosystem

Public private partnerships CompeBBon for innovaBon

InnovaBon clusters Technology districts

Living labs and local acBon

Strong PPP programmes, triple helix, urban lab

City hall leadership; Triple Helix models

Smart Ci)es cases -‐ lessons learned q  Smart city is more an urban strategy than an urban reality. Smart ciBes will

appear through numerous boôm-‐up iniBaBves besides some strategic planning, and infrastructure development.

q  Top-‐down planning and boôm-‐up iniBaBves should complement each other. City hall is someBmes dominant. Dilemmas of ciBzen engagement.

q  Widespread use of pilots is preparing ciBes for iniBaBve, experiment and learning

q  Districts, neighborhoods, and clusters are fundamental elements of smart city strategy, because the city is a system of systems, and ciBes co-‐exist within ciBes.

q  A smart city strategy involves all actors, organizaBons, communiBes, R&D, NGOs, clusters, and authoriBes. The partnership strategy should achieve a common vision, flagship projects, collaboraBon and synergy.

q  Major challenges for successful smart city strategies deal with skills, creaBviBes, user-‐driven innovaBon, entrepreneurship, VC funding, and management of intra-‐government rivalries.

q  Lack of evidence on impact and effecBveness of smart city strategies.

Smart city innova)on ecologies enabled by “common assets”

q  Future Internet testbeds as technology plaeorms

q  Smart ciBes: policies, applicaBon pull, public data, ciBzens iniBaBves

q  Living lab: User-‐driven playground for co-‐creaBng and validaBng innovaBve scenarios and services

Examples of evolving smart city “innova)on ecologies”

q  Bretagne: ImaginLab testbed explores advanced applicaBons in living lab selng, offering wide range of services, enabled by advanced infrastructure, based on partnership business model

q  Oulu: Octopus network, InnovaBon Kitchen, Open Web Lab, LearnLab, Ubiquitous Oulu and many more

q  Barcelona: a diverse set of network infrastructures, faciliBes, iniBaBves (22@UrbanLab), living labs, projects, planning acBviBes, partnerships

q  Manchester: advanced infrastructure of open access fibre to premises; support creaBon of ; co-‐ownership approaches

ImaginLab

Manchester

Simple models for concurrent use of testbed and living labs facili)es

Developing into a smart city requires “systemic change”

Present Short term Mid term Long term

Urban development Policies and strategies ICT-‐based solu)ons Technology development

q  An innovaBon roadmap is a tool for creaBng consensus and understanding about potenBal futures and about the pathways towards these futures

q Understanding smart city dynamic development as “systemic change” requires understanding of interplays and co-‐evoluBon regarding technology developments, human behaviours, policies and strategies

q Living Labs, policy experiments may act as “niches” where opportuniBes are provided for limited scale innova)on and learning (introducBon, use, evaluaBon, modificaBon -‐> wider scale adopBon)

Changes and developments

q  Increasing deployment of broadband infrastructure and creaBon of open networks and open data repositories

q  Many ciBes are developing Smart City strategies, in the context of urban development, sustainable growth, revitalisaBon, and innovaBon districts

q  Increasing parBcipaBon and empowerment of ciBzens in societal issues, using social media and open data on a wider scale

q  Increasing interest for wider scale tesBng of services and soluBons e.g. energy efficiency, healthcare, environment monitoring, mobility

q  Diversity of technologies for smart city applicaBons is becoming rapidly available (mobile broadband, cloud compuBng, open data, smart devices, content management, Web 2.0)

q  User driven open innovaBon in ciBes (e.g. Crowd sourcing services based on sensor data) is gaining more aênBon

q  All kinds of city managed data could become publicly available to promote crowdsourced services and boôm-‐up innovaBon (may also be misused)

Technologies for smart(er) ci)es

Technology area Main developments in rela)on to smart ci)es

Cloud compuBng q Urban clouds reducing IT costs and providing plaeorms for small business applicaBons and e-‐services q VirtualizaBon of physical spaces q StandardisaBon of plaeorms and applicaBons for smart ciBes

Real-‐world user interfaces, RFID

q IoT sensor networks in combinaBon with Web 2.0, social media, crowdsourcing providing opportuniBes for collecBve intelligence q Urban IoT plaeorms offering common framework for ambient sensor networks

SemanBc web, Linked data, Ontologies

q Open Data from various sources offer opportuniBes for advanced intelligence e.g. Detect paêrns, generate alerts, visualize informaBon, predict trends q SemanBc Web enhances opportunity to merge different categories of data q Enables content and context fusion, immersove mulB-‐sensory environments, locaBon based context aware content q Enhanced opportuniBes for user involvement and user generate content

Innova)on roadmap for smart ci)es & Future Internet

REGIME Short term (2014) Medium term (2017) Long term (2022) Technological change (Dominant designs, emerging technologies, interoperability)

-CLOUD: Virtualisation -CLOUD: IaaS for smart cities

-CLOUD: Web platform -CLOUD: SaaS for smart cities - Content-context fusion

-CLOUD: PaaS for smart cities -CLOUD: Service integration

-IoT: RFID -IoT: Speech recognition -IoT: Open data apps

-IoT: Multimodal sensors -IoT: Location aware apps,

-IoT: Urban IoT platforms -IoT: Cloud based ontologies -Content-centric networks

Industrial change (Networks of technology developers, lobbying, standardisation)

-CLOUD: Large companies clouds, Google, MS, Amazon global clouds

-CLOUD: Large cities clouds -CLOUD: Standardisation of smart city applications / services

-IoT: Sensors into utilities and energy networks

-IoT: Alliances of large companies and major cities companies

-IoT: Large scale applications

Social change (Behaviour, routines, values, preferences, demand, end-users)

-CLOUD: Reduction of IT costs -CLOUD: Security issues raised -CLOUD: Disaster management addressed

-CLOUD: Continuity of service -CLOUD: Learning curve

- IoT: Experimental facilities -IoT: A few city pilots

-IoT: Multiple city pilots -IoT: Large scale demand for sensor-based city infrastructure

Policy change (Regulations, economic instruments, governance, agreements)

-CLOUD: Transition white papers -CLOUD: Preparing to the cloud

-CLOUD: Pilots at city levels -CLOUD: Legal and regulatory reform

-CLOUD: Whole smart cities on the Cloud

NICHES of radical novelties

Short term (2014) Medium term (2017) Long term (2022)

Technological change -CLOUD: SaaS -CLOUD: IaaS

-CLOUD: PaaS

-IoT: Experimental facilities -IoT: Open / linked data

-IoT: M2M in city environments

Industrial change -CLOUD: Private and hybrid clouds -CLOUD: Hosting of G city services

-CLOUD: SaaS and PaaS in the main domains of cities

-IoT: IPv6 and HTML5 -IoT: Smart gird / smart meters in cities Social change -CLOUD: Pilot city applications in city

utilities, districts, and gov -CLOUD: Large scale demand of smart city applications and services

-IoT: Sensors for city environment alert -IoT: Embedded city intelligence proof of concept

-IoT: Extended demand for sensor over city networks

Policy change -CLOUD: Government roadmaps to G services -CLOUD: US reform of IT management

-CLOUD: Standards development and adoption

-IoT: China encouraging technologies for IoT

-IoT: FP8 IoT PPP -IoT: Harmonisation of frequency bands

Implemen)ng the development process towards local digital agendas Phases

Major issues 1. Incep)on: 2. Defini)on 3. Opera)on 4. Sustainability

Infrastructure and resources: access and availability

IdenBfy availability and access requirements

User requirements defined and agreed; infrastructure accessible and agreements in place

ImplementaBon plan agreed and operaBonal; user groups established and working

Plan for future operaBon agreed with infrastructure and resource owners

CollaboraBon and business models

IdenBfy partners and condiBons for collaboraBon

Analyse benefits vs costs and agree jusBficaBon and arrangements for collaboraBon

CollaboraBon processes monitored and supported during the experimentaBon

EvaluaBon of benefits, costs and risks together with lessons learned and plans for future operaBon based on this

InnovaBon and project definiBon

Agree aims, objecBves, benefits of innovaBon

InnovaBon should be clearly defined, prepared and planned

Management plan agreed with monitoring and planned results

IdenBfy results and benefits for partners and stakeholders

Involvement and support

IdenBfy partners and stakeholders

Roles of partners and stakeholders agreed

Co-‐creaBon evolving in pracBce

Commitment for future parBcipaBon

Stakeholder engagement

Agree process for engagement

Matching of needs together with experience and/or experBse

User groups established linked to partners and stakeholders

Co-‐producBon potenBal idenBfied and agreed between users, partners and stakeholders

Summary roadmap towards a smarter city, example Manchester

Developments and changes Future vision Challenges and gaps F u t u r e s o l u ) o n s a n d innova)on needs

Digital infrastructure: Corridor digiBsaBon fibre project Low Carbon Open Data (LoDaNet) project and wireless roll-‐out

Connected ciBes: • Extending fibre and wireless across the city region • Developing new mutual business models

Sustainable business cases: • ImplemenBng new mutuals & social enterprises • Co-‐producBon of services

Ub iqu i t ou s sma r t c i t y infrastructures: • Infinite bandwidth, zero latency (IBZL) • Everyone, everything, everywhere

Smart City strategy: • InnovaBon legacy from Knowledge Capital InnovaBon Boardroom • Digital inclusion iniBaBves • Green & Digital

CollecBve intelligence: • Capacity building • Access to skills • Matching skills to jobs • Open data networks

InnovaBon economy: • Investment in digital infrastructure • Internet Hub • IncubaBon of new start-‐ups

InnovaBon culture: • InspiraBon & aspiraBon • Convergence of digital, creaBve and technical • Mutual aid

CiBzens engagement: • Smart CiBzens in Smart CiBes – SMARTiP project • Peoples Voice Media & community reporters

Co-‐producBon: • Test-‐beds for new services • Developing new delivery models • Support for new skills & training

Digital inclusion: • Barriers to access • Trust & privacy issues • IncenBves for engagement • Sustaining commitment

Open and parBc ipaBve innovaBon systems: • Co-‐creaBng and sharing of new assets • People as sources of interacBve data and services

InnovaBon test-‐bed: • Manchester Living Lab • Corridor projects • Manchester Digital • Sharp project

Common assets: • Open data and services • Accessible and affordable connecBvity

Technology push: • Dangers of “smart city in a box” • Corporate resistance to change • Legacy systems

New partnerships: • Four P’s: public, private, people partnerships • Smart open systems • Co-‐producBon

Challenges for next years

q  Networks of Future Internet testbed faciliBes and living labs within and across smart ciBes and regions may become the backbone of European innovaBon ecologies and value networks – Horizon 2020

q  CapabiliBes and resources, including experiment faciliBes , user oriented methodologies, service offerings and collaboraBon models enabling access and use of faciliBes and services should evolve

q  Smart CiBes are environments to experiment technologies and applicaBons, however the potenBal for business creaBon and entrepreneurship should be sBmulated (e.g. DAIR, Canada)

q  Open innovaBon and ciBzen empowerment requires finding new balances between top-‐down steering and boôm-‐up iniBaBve

q  Assessment of the impact and benefits of “smarter ciBes” in terms of value created for ciBzens. There is a lack of evidence showing impact, how can we achieve and measure the impact and value added of smart city iniBaBves?

Here you find more Download from www.fireball4smartci)es.eu

Call for Papers: Smart Applica)ons for Smart Ci)es: New Approaches to Innova)on

Special issue of the Journal of Theore3cal and Applied Electronic Commerce Research

Guest Editors: Hans Schaffers, Carlo Ral and Nicos Komninos

Full paper submission: May 2012 Publishing: December 2012 InformaBon: www.jtaer.com

Thank you ! Discussion

Contact: [email protected]