UWB

Jamal Boulmal - Hai Dinh Tuan

EP2950 Wireless Networks

• Introduction

• Advantages of Ultra Wideband

• Applications

• Conclusions

Agenda

An UWB system is defined as any radio system that has a fractional

bandwidth equal to or greater than 0.20 or has bandwidth equal to

or greater than 500 MHz, regardless of the fractional bandwidth

𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ =2(𝑓𝐻 − 𝑓𝐿)

(𝑓𝐻 + 𝑓𝐿)

𝑓𝐻: higher frequency 𝑓𝐿: lower frequency

Introduction

European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) andInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) are stillworking on it

Introduction (2)

FCC ETSI ARIB

Bandwidth > 500MHz > 50MHz > 450MHz

Frequency

band

3.1 – 10.6GHz 3.4 – 4.8GHz

6 – 8.5GHz

3.4 – 4.8GHz

7.25 – 10.25GHz

Consists of sub-nanosecond pulses => longer sleep time

Low power consumption

Chipsets power consumption level comparison

Low power consumption (3)

Application chipset Power consumption [mW]

801.11a 1500 – 2000

400 Mbps 1394 LSI 700

Mobile telephone RISC 32-bit MPU 200

Digital camera 12-bit A/D converter 150

UWB (target) 100

Mobile telephone TFT color display panel 75

MPEG-4 decoder LSI 50

Mobile telephone voice codec LSI 19

Multipath phenomenon is caused by reflection,

absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic energy by

obstacles between the transmitter and the receiver.

UWB is made of short pulses, that can be manipulated in

time domain so that they can reduce multipath fading.

Robustness against Multipath

Lower frequency, better penetration ability

Center frequency in UWB is relative low, which means a

good penetration ability.

Penetration Ability

In UWB, small amount of energy is spread over wide

bandwidth, consequently UWB has very low power

spectral density compared with other techniques

Low power spectral density

𝑃𝑆𝐷 =P

B=

𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑊)

𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ (𝐻𝑧)

Comparison of power spectral density between wireless

communication technologies

Low power spectral density

System Transmission

Power

Bandwidth PSD (W/MHz) Classification

Radio 50 kW 75 kHz 666 660 Narrowband

Television 100 kW 6 MHz 16 700 Narrowband

2G Cellular 500 mW 8.33 kHz 60 Narrowband

802.11a 1 W 20 MHz 0.06 Wideband

UWB 0.5 mW 7.5 GHz 6.670 × 10-8 Ultra Wideband

Comparison of data rate

High Data Rate

Speed (Mbps) Standard

480 UWB( 2-4m ), USB 2.0

200 UWB (4m), 1394a (4.5m)

110 UWB (10-20m)

90 Fast Ethernet

54 802.11a

20 802.11g

11 802.11b

10 Ethernet

1 Bluetooth

Spatial capacity, an indicator for the ability of transmitting

at high data rate in short distances

High Data Rate in Short Distance

Spatial capacity bps m2 = Maximum data rate [bps

Transmission area [m2

Transmission area m2 = π × (Transmission distance)2

Comparison of spatial capacity

High Data Rate in Short Distance

System Maximum data rate

[Mbps]

Transmission

distance [m]

Spatial capacity

[kbps/m2]

UWB 100 10 318.3

802.11a 54 50 6.9

Bluetooth 1 10 3.2

802.11b 11 100 0.350

Baseband (carrier-less) transmission

Reduce the complexity and size of end-systems by

eliminating D/A converter, digital pulse shaping filter,

equalizer, etc.

Compact and simple Device

• Military Applications

• Wireless Ad-hoc Networks

• Wireless Sensor Networks

• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

• Consumer electronics and PCs

• Medical Applications

Applications

• Leyio – portable storage device

• Introduced in 2011

• Direct transfer files between devices

up to 10Mbps

Applications (2)

• Pulse~Link – Transceiver IC

• Continuous Pulsed UWB

• Raw data rate 1.35 Gbps

• Supports point-to-multipoint

• Frequency range of 3.3 – 4.7 GHz

Applications (3)

• Samsung SyncMaster C27A750

• Connect to laptop, gaming device

without cable.

• First monitor using UWB

Applications (4)

Advantages of Ultra wideband

• High data rate

• Robustness against fading

• Immunity to multipath

• Low cost transceivers

• Accurate positioning

Conclusion

UWB

Jamal Boulmal - Hai Dinh Tuan

EP2950 Wireless Networks

Very low duty-cycle

Low power consumption (2)

𝐷𝑢𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 =𝑃𝑤

𝑇𝑝× 100%

𝑃𝑤: pulse width 𝑇𝑝: pulse duration

Longer sleep time, which means lower power

consumptions compared to other technologies