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人教课标版 高二必修 5
Unit 1
Warming Up
There are some great scientific achieve
ments that have changed the world. Can y
ou name some of them? What kind of role
do they play in the field of science? Do the
se achievements have anything in commo
n? Match the inventions with their invento
rs below before you answer all these questi
ons.
Alexander Bell electricity
Thomas Edison the First telephone
Laite Brothers the electric Lamp
Madame Curie black holes in Universe
Franklin Theory of Gravity
Steven Hawking the First Plane
Elbert Einstein Radium
Isaac Newton the Theory of Relativity
Who is he?
He is … Archimedes ( 阿基米德 )
Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?
Charles Darwin.
Who is he?
He is …
Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?
Thomas Newcomen.
Who is he?
He is …
Who invented the first steam engine?
Gregor Mendel
Who is he?
He is …
Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?
Marie Curie
Who is he?
He is …
Who discovered radium?
Thomas Edison
Who is he?
He is …
Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?
Leonardo da Vinci
Who is he?
He is …
Who was the painter
that studied dead
bodies to improve his
painting of people?
Humphry Davy
Who is he?
He is …
Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?
张衡
Who is he?
He is …
Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?
Stephen Hawking
Who is he?
He is …
Who put forward a theory about black holes?
Lead-in
Supply the following words with detail.
John Snow
Cholera
John Snow (1813-1858)
John Snow was
born in York on
March 15th, 1813,
the oldest of nine
children.
York
London
His father worked as a laborer. While p
oor, his parents were determined to give th
eir children whatever educational opportu
nities they could afford. He was educated a
t a private school in his native city until th
e age of fourteen, when he was apprentice
d( 当学徒 ) to William Hardcastle, a surge
on( 外科医生 ) living at Newcastle-on-T
yne.
After serving for a short time as a surgeo
n and unqualified assistant during the ch
olera epidemic of 1831-1982, he became i
n October 1836 a student at the Hunteria
n School of medicine in Great Windmill
Street, London. He began to attend the m
edical practice at
the Westminster Hospital
in the following October.
1836 37 38 39 40 184541 42 43 44
He graduated M.D. of the University of
London on 20 Dec. 1844, and in 1850 he
was admitted a licentiate of the Royal
College of Physicians.
He designed a chloroform inhaler( 氯仿吸入器 ), described in his book, On Chloroform and other Anesthetics, published in 1858.
Dr. Snow was also a prominent anesthesiologist( 麻醉师 )
What else was he famous for?
What is Cholera?
Cholera is the illness caused by a ba
cterium called Vibria cholerae. It infec
ts people’s intestines( 肠 ), causing dia
rrhea( 腹泻 ), vomiting( 呕吐 ) and leg
cramps( 小腿抽筋 ).
The most common cause of cholera is by
someone eating food or drinking water
that has been contaminated with the
bacteria.
After a disaster, this is a very real
danger, since regular, clean water and
food supplies are often unavailable. The
disease can be spread even further by
infected people using already dirty
water sources to clean themselves
or dispose of waste.
Cholera can be mild or even without
symptoms, a severe case can lead to
death without immediate treatment. The
diarrhea and vomiting brought on by the
infection quickly leaves the body without
enough fluid. The following
dehydration( 脱水 ) and shock can kill a
person within hours.
Look at the picture, the title and the
map, guess what the content of the text
is. Then skim it quickly to see if you are
right.
When we want to solve some problem.
First we should find the problem, do so
me research on it, prove your finding, a
nd then make a conclusion. This is a sci
entific and objective way of researching.
1. What order would you put the seven in?
Pre-readingPre-reading
draw a conclusion
think of a method
collect results
make a question
find a problem
analyse the results
Find supporting evidence
Please put the
7 stages in right
order according
to the passage.
Infectious diseases can be spread to
other people. They have an unknown
cause and need public health care to
solve them.
2. What do you know about infectious
diseases?
Repel ( 回避 ) may be exposed to an i
nfectious diseases, so may animals, su
ch as bird flu. AIDS, SARS are infect
ious diseases.
Infectious diseases are difficult to cur
e.
Cholera is the illness caused by a ba
cterium called Varian cholera. If inf
ects people’s intestines( 肠胃 ), causi
ng diarrhea( 腹泻 ), vomiting( 呕吐 )
and leg cramps ( 小腿抽筋 ).
3. What do you know about cholera?
The most common cause of cholera is by
someone eating food or drinking water th
at has been contaminated( 污染 ) with th
e bacteria.
Cholera can be mild( 不严重的 ) or
even without symptoms( 症状 ), but a
severe case can lead to death without
immediately treatment.
Germany
Great Britain
Death of first cholera case in London during the 1848-49 epidemic
London
Previous cholera epidemic in Great Britain in 1831-32
The spread of cholera
John Snow Defeats “King John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Cholera”
What is the problem?
Cholera was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
What’s the cause of cholera?
Make a question: two theories
1. Cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.
2. People absorbed it with their meals.
Broad Street
Many deaths happened here.
No death happened here.
The water from the pump was to blame.
Public house
Small, white, flocculent
particles
The water was from the river which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.
Find supporting evidence: What extra evidence did he find?
A woman and her daughter who lived far away but drank the water also died.
Draw a conclusion with certainty
The polluted water carried the virus.
I. Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.
Many people died of cholera.
John Snow tried to find out its _____ and ____
People drank water from the pump in ______ Street.
Most died.
cause cure
Broad
Comprehending
Families were given free beer in the pub at __________ Street.
People removed the ______ from the water pump.
People had no________
The disease ___________
Cambridge
deaths
handle
slowed down
_______ water carried the disease.
Theory 2 that people ________ the disease with their meals proved right. And theory 1 was wrong.
________ the source of all the water supplies.
Pollutedabsorbed
Examine
II. True (T) or false (F):
1. Cholera would never be controlled
even if its cause was found.
2. The disease attacked the body quickly
from the stomach and soon the
affected person died.
3. John Snow began to collect the
information before the disease
spread.
F
T
F
4. In two particular streets, 500 people
died in 10 days when another
outbreak hit London in 1854.
5. Deaths of the woman and her
daughter were linked to the Broad
Street outbreak.
6. Only ordinary people died when
cholera broke out.
F
T
F
III. Choose the best answers.1. What’s the purpose of the text?A. To show us how difficult it was to find a cure for cholera.B. To tell us how John Snow found the cause of cholera and the cure for it.C. To show us how difficult it was to carry out experiments at that time.D. To tell us the way cholera spread and how serious it was.
2. What inspired John Snow according
to the first paragraph?
A. Being Queen Victoria’s personal
physician.
B. Finding where cholera happened.
C. Helping ordinary people who suffered
from cholera.
3. What’s the use of John Snow’s map in
his research?
A. To help him find the number of dead
people.
B. To help him not lose his way.
C. To help him find the reason of the
cholera outbreak.
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. John Snow became famous after cholera hit England in the 19th century.B. John Snow began to collect information long before cholera hit England in the 19th century.C. The mother and her daughter mentioned in the text both lived in Broad Street.D. John Snow felt unsure about the cause of cholera after he finished the map.
5. Why was cholera called “King Cholera” in the text?A. Because cholera caused many deaths.B. Because it got its name from Queen Victoria.C. Because cholera was the most deadly disease of its day.D. Because it was defeated with the help of the king.
6. Another title of the text might be
______.
A. John Snow and cholera
B. The discovery of cholera
C. John Snow: a great scientist
What should you do if you're travelling
to a country that has a cholera
outbreak? Drink only water that you have boiled
or treated with chlorine or iodine. Other
safe drinks include tea or coffee made
with boiled water and carbonated, bottled
beverages with no ice.
•Eat only food that's been thoroughly
cooked and is still hot, or fruit that
you've peeled yourself.
•Avoid undercooked or raw fish and
shellfish.
•Avoid raw salads and vegetables. •Avoid food and drinks from street
vendors.
"Boil it, cook it, peel it, or forget it."
TIPS
Group Discussion
1. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right.
How did he finally prove it?
John Snow finally proved his idea
because he found an outbreak that was
clearly related to cholera, collected
information and was able to tie cases
outside the area to the polluted water.
2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.
3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What
disease do you think is similar to cholera
today?
Two diseases, which are similar today,
are SARS and AIDS because they are
both serious, have an unknown cause and
need public health care to solve them.
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