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ROBOTICS
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INTRODUCTIONThere are many jobs that people do not like to do, is already
being boring or dangerous, will always try to avoid not to.
The most practical solution was to force someone to do the
job, this is called slavery and was used almost everywhere in
the world under the policy that the strong dominate the weakpower
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ROBOTICSBranch of science or technology, which studies the design
and construction of machines capable of performing tasks
performed by humans or require the use of intelligence
ROBOT: automatic manipulator controlled, reprogrammable,
capable of positioning and orienting pieces, special devices.Have the form of one or several arms ending in a doll.
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INDUSTRIAL ROBOT: reprogrammable
multifunctional manipulator with multiple degrees
of freedom, capable of handling materials, parts,
tools. The industrial robot has certainanthropomorphic characteristics, the most
common is a mechanical arm.
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BRAZOMECANICO
EFFECTOR. Device certain effects in the environment
under the control of the robot.
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They are mainly used in two ways:
Change the location of the robot with respect to its
environment.
Move other objects in the environment (Handling).
MANIPULATOR. Mechanical systems are multifunctional,
with a simple control system that allows govern the
movement of its elements.
DEGREES OF FREEDOM. Speaking of "degrees of freedom"
is to say the number and type of movement of the
manipulator.
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HISTORY OF ROBOTICS1921. Karel Capek first used the Czech word "Robota".
1938. Americans Willard Pollard and Harold Roselund
manufactured the first machine for spray painting.
1951. Raymond Goertz designs the first mechanical arm
operated remotely for Atomic Energy Commission
1954. George Devol designs the first commercial
programmable robot. Be marketed from 1961
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1959. Hits the market the first commercial robot.
1973. Appears first robot controlled by a mini computer, the robot
is the "T3".
1976. NASA's robot "Vinking II" lands on Mars.
1986. HONDA, the Japanese company started a project to build a
humanoid robot.
1999. Sony Launches "AIBO" robot dog.
2000. SONY has a small humanoid in "Robodex 2000".2003. He SONY humanoid robot, Qrio, becomes the first
commercial humanoid capable of running completely
autonomous.
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TYPESOF ROBOTS
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Polyarticular robot
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Mobile robot
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ANDROIDS
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Zoomorphic robot
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Hybrids
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NEWS ROBOTICSRobotic finger with touch sensitivity
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HANDLING ROBOTTOBOGGANING
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PRIMER_V4 THROUGHWHILE BALANCING
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ROBOT PET-PROTO
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DA VINCI
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UNDERWATERROBOTICS
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MULTI FUNCTIONALROBOT
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PROGRAMMINGTHEROBOTIt is defined as teaching task at the robot. Encompasses the path to be followed,the control and the end effector in response to signals from sensors
There are two basic methods:
Programming gestural
Consists in forcing the robot arm to move through the sequence of movements required bypoints storing a control box.
Programming textual
For playback of paths, you "teach" the ends and the control calculates intermediate pointsdepending on the type of path. Are used to program robots textual reproduction Programming
Using a computer and a high-level language to write the sequence that the robot must follow
and can perform calculations and make logical decisions based on the data from the sensors.Programming is done "off-line", without interfering in the work of the robot.
It is used in so-called intelligent robots
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ALGORITHMSThe algorithms are a sequence of steps leading to the completion of a task
Is a finite ordered set of well-defined steps leading to obtaining a result.Types of algorithms:
Inspection Algorithm (controls the robot in maze inspection task, where the robot
will be a "mental map" of the maze walls
Algorithm of optimal trajectory generation (this algorithm selects among thepossible paths, the optimal one).
Tracking algorithm a path (basically function is to guide the robot from the
entrance to the maze through the given path).
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ALGORITHMSGenetic Algorithm Introduced by John Holland in 1970, Genetic
algorithms establish an analogy between the set of evolutions of a
problem and the set of individuals in a natural population, encoding the
information of each solution in a string (binary vector) by way of
chromosomes.
Geostatistics Algorithm Created by Professor Georges Matheron, is the
application of the theory of random functions for analysis, modeling and
estimation of structured phenomena in space and time. These techniques
can be applied directly to the analysis of images of all types.
Automatic perception algorithm. Studying the technique based on
mathematical morphology. Allows analysis of images by identifying and
modeling the constituent objects and detect some of their structural
properties
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ROBOTS AND WORKThe robots designed to improve quality of life for people to replace them
in the repetitive tasks.Some people think that robots take jobs away from humans. While it
is true that robots replace humans doing the same job, for each robot
performs a dangerous or repetitive tasks, new jobs are created to
design, build, program and maintain the robot.
Robot applications
Within the application you can see the following uses of robots:
Industrial Robots.
Service Robots.
Exploration Robots.
Other applications.
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ROBOTAPPLICATIONSINDUSTRIAL ROBOTS.
Industrial robots are used to perform repetitive tasks, heavy ordangerous.
In the world there are more than 740,000 robots of this type, used
primarily in the automotive industry.
SERVICE ROBOTS.
Service robots to help men perform different tasks. Estimated that in the
world there are over 6000 of these units, of which 50% are robots household,
14% are underwater robots, 12% are medical robots, 6% are robots cleaning
and the remaining 23% corresponds to other robots.
Medical Robots
Domestic Robots
Robots to Assist Disabled
Cleaning Robots.
Surveillance Robots.
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A ROBOTA robot comprises:
1.Control system (nervous system)2.sensors
3.Effectors and actuators
4.Locomotion / manipulation
CONTROL SYSTEM (nervous system)The function of this system is to control the actions executed by the
robot so that to fulfill the task that has been assigned and considering
the environmental information.
This control system corresponds to a kind of nervous system of therobot, which may vary in complexity; similarly as system complexity
varies nervous of different animals (human v / s insect).
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A ROBOT
The actions to be performed by a robot are triggered by
the information it captures the environment, but considering
the internal state (mental) thereof and the work to perform.
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ROBOCODE
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WHAT IS ROBOCODE?
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ROBOCODEISAPROGRAMMINGGAME
WHERETHEGOALISTODEVELOPA
ROBOTBATTLETANKTOBATTLE
AGAINSTOTHERTANKSIN JAVAOR .
NET.
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THEROBOTBATTLESARERUNNINGIN
REAL-TIMEANDON-SCREEN.
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THEMOTTOOF ROBOCODEIS: BUILD
THEBEST, DESTROYTHEREST!
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ROBOCODE/NETBEANS/CONFIGURE
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THISEXPOSITIONSHOWSHOWTO
CONFIGURE NETBEANSINORDERTOUSE
ITINBUILDINGA ROBOCODEROBOT.
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CONFIGURETHE NETBEANS
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FIRSTLY, WEGOTO TOOLS
> LIBRARIESTOSTARTTHELIBRARY MANAGER
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SELECTTHE NEW LIBRARY
BUTTON.
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THEN, TYPETHENAMEOFTHE
LIBRARY, FORINSTANCEROBOCODE.
CLICK OK.
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NEXT, ONTHELEFTHANDSIDESELECTTHELIBRARYYOU
HAVEJUSTCREATEDANDCLICKONTHE ADD JAR/FOLDER
BUTTONONTHERIGHT.
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NAVIGATEYOURSELFTOTHELIBSFOLDERINTHEMAIN
FOLDEROF ROBOCODEANDSELECTROBOCODE. FINISHTHISBYCLICKINGTHE ADD JAR/FOLDERBUTTON.
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ADDINGTHE ROBOCODE LIBRARYTOANEXISTING PROJECT
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RIGHTMOUSECLICKONLIBRARIESINYOURPROJECT. THEN, SELECTTHEADDLIBRARYBUTTON.
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SELECTYOURROBOCODE LIBRARYAND
CLICKADD LIBRARY.
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MY FIRST ROBOT
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IMPORTROBOCODE.*;TELLS JAVATHATYOU'REGOINGTOUSE ROBOCODE
OBJECTSINYOURROBOT.
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PUBLICCLASS TERMINATOR1 EXTENDS ROBOTTELLS JAVA: "THEOBJECT I'MDESCRIBINGHEREISATYPE
OF ROBOT, NAMED TERMINATOR1".
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PUBLICVOIDRUN() { }THEGAMECALLSYOURRUN() METHODWHENTHE
BATTLEBEGINS.
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So this robot will:
move ahead 50 pixels
turn the gun right by 360 degrees
move back 100 pixels
turn the gun left/back by 360 degrees
The robot will continue doing this over and over and over, until it dies, due to the while(true) statement.
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WHENOURRADARSCANSA
ROBOT, WEWANTTOFIRE:
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The game calls your onScannedRobot method
whenever you can see another robot. It sendsalong an event that can tell us lots of information
about the robot -- its name, how much life it has,
where it is, where it's heading, how fast it's going,
etc.
However, since this is a simple robot, we're not
going to look at any of that stuff. Let's just fire!
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we are going to improve the onHitByBullet
event. The tank will now turn 90 degrees
away from the enemies current position.
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COMPILEYOURROBOT
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CONCLUSIONS
Today we find most robots working for people in industries,
factories, warehouses, and laboratories.
Robots are useful in many ways. For instance, it boosts
economy because businesses need to be efficient to keep up
with the industry competition. Therefore, having robots helps
business owners to be competitive, because robots can do
jobs better and faster than humans can, e.g. robot can built,
assemble a car.
Yet robots cannot perform every job; today robots roles
include assisting research and industry.
As the technology improves, there will be new ways to userobots which will bring new hopes and new potential
In a not too far future we will be more closely at these
concepts, and become part of our lives.
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