13th InternationalConferenceon Hydroscience...

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书书书

The13th InternationalConferenceonHydroscience&EngineeringProceeding

Editedby          ChongqingJiaotongUniversityTheUniversityofMississippiChongqingAssociationforScienceandTechnology

YellowRiverConservancyPress

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ConferenceOrganization

OrganizerUnits

CQJTU ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

NCCHENationalCenterforComputationalHydroscienceandEngineering,theUniversityofMississippi

CQAST ChongqingAssociationforScienceandTechnology

Sponsors

IAHRInternationalAssociation for HydroEnvironment Engineering andResearch

WASER WorldAssociationforSedimentationandErosionResearch

ASCEEWRI

Environmental&WaterResourcesinstituteofAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers

IWHR ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch

CWB ChangjiangWaterwayRegulation

CHES ChongqingHydraulicEngineeringSociety

CRSRIChangjiangRiverScientificResearchInstituteofChangjiangWaterResourcesCommission

NHRI NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute

TIWTE TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering,M.O.T.

YRIHR YellowRiverInstituteofHydraulicResearch

ECSRCShanghaiEstuarine& CoastalScienceResearchCenter,MinistryofTransport,P.R.C

THU StateKeyLaboratoryofHydroscienceandEngineering

PKU KeyLaboratoryforWaterandSedimentSciences

HHUStateKeyLaboratoryofHydrologyWaterResourcesandHydraulicEngineering(HydroLab)

WHUStateKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringScience

SCU NationalKeyLabofHydraulicsandMountainRiverEngineering

·1·

UCRBHWRSUpperChangjiangRiverBureauofHydrologicalandWaterResourcesSurvey

CSES ChongqingSocietyforEnvironmentalSciences

WSE WaterScienceandEngineering

HRL HydrologicalResearchLetters

NeWay ChongqingNewayTechEngineeringCo.,Ltd.

CWCHDC ChongqingWaterConservancyandHydropowerDevelopmentCorporation

A&EWSHIW

Academician&ExpertWorkstationofChongqingSouthwestHydraulicInstituteforWaterways

NERCIWR

ConferenceInternationalOrganizingCommittee

 Prof.  SamS.Y.Wang  UniversityofMississippi,U.S.A. Prof.  K.PeterHolz  UniversityofCottbus,Germany Prof.  MutsutoKawahara  ChuoUniversity,Japan Prof.  PingyiWang  ChongqingJiaotongUniversity,China

·2·

pc
附注

InternationalScientificAdvisoryCommittees

Title FirstName LastName ServiceUnit

Dr. Andrzej CIESLAK MaritimeOfficeinGdynia,Poland

Prof. ChunBo JIANG TsinghuaUniversity,China

Prof. Driss OUAZAR EcoleMohamadiad'Ingeniurs,Morocco

Prof. FranciscoTaveira PINTO UniversityofPorto,Portugal

Dr. Gerardo PERILLO InstitutoArgentinodeOceanografia,Argentina

Prof. Gerbrantvan VLEDDER DelftUniversity,Netherlands

Prof. GiuseppeRoberto TOMASICCHIO UniversityofSalento,Italy

Prof. Hiroshi OKUMURA UniversityofToyama,Japan

Prof. Hubert CHANSON TheUniversityofQueensland,Australia

Dr. Hyoseop WOOKoreaInstituteofConstructionTechnology(KICT),Rep.ofKorea

Prof. Inigo LOSADA UniversityofCantabria,Spain

Dr. Jingming HOU NewcastleUniversity,UK

Prof. JosephHunWei LEE UniversityofHongkong,China

Dr. Jun Zheng BeijingSinfotekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.

Dr. Michael PIASECKI CityCollegeofNewYork,U.S.A.

Dr. MustafaS. ALTINAKAR NCCHE,theUniversityofMississippi,USA

Prof. Nadim COPTY BoaziiUniversity,Turkey

Prof. Panayotis PRINOS Arist.Univ.ofThessaloniki,Greece

Prof. Peter TROCH GhentUniversity,Belgium

Prof. Philippe GOURBESVILLE UniversityofNice,France

Prof. RogerA. FALCONER CardiffUniversity,UK

Dr. ScottC. HAGEN UniversityofCentralFlorida,U.S.A.

Prof. ShieYui LIONG NationalUniversityofSingapore

Prof. Silke WIEPRECHT UniversityofStuttgart,Germany

Dr. Taro ARIKAWA PortandairportResearchInstitute,Japan

·3·

Title FirstName LastName ServiceUnit

Prof. Tetsuro TSUJIMOTO NagoyaUniversity,Japan

Prof. Tobias BLENINGER FederalUniversityofParaná,Brazil

Dr. Uldis BETHERS UniversityofLatvia,Latvia

Prof. Vallam SUNDAR IITMadras,INDIA

Prof. Weiming Wu ClarksonUniversity,USA

Prof. Xiaobo Chao NCCHE,theUniversityofMississippi,USA

Prof. Yafei Jia NCCHE,theUniversityofMississippi,USA

Prof. Yan Ding U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,USA

Prof. Yong Lai USBureauofReclamation,USA

Prof. Zbigniew SIKORA GdanskUniversityofTechnology,Poland

Dr. ZhaoYin WANG TsinghuaUniversity,China

LocalOrganizingCommitte

President:

BomingTang PresidentofChongqingJiaotongUniversity,China

PresidingChairman:

PingyiWang VicepresidentofChongqingJiaotongUniversity,China

YafeiJia ProfessorfromUniversityofMississippi

JieNiuDeputy inspectorofChongqing Association forScience andTechnology

CommitteeMembers:KuncaiHuang,BoLiang,YuanlingYu,HaitaoRen,KaiBai,XujinZhang,Shiliang

Zhou,JingZhu,JianZou,DuoyinWang,HuajunZhou,ShengfaYang,MingweiLiu,DanZheng,YueLiang,SiqiaoYe,LihuiQiu,DaiyuLiao,JianLiu,DachuanLiu,JinsongLiao,JunhuaShe,YihaoGuo,XiaoqingHu,XiaojunLiu,JinzhongWu

SecretariesGeneral:XuhuiFuDeputySecretariesGeneral:JiangHu,SichenTong,WenjieLi,YiXiao,YaoLiSecretaries:WenzhongZhang,XuemeiHu,HongguangZhou,YunliWang,JunWu,

XuelianLiu,MingChen,MiTian,LinfengHan,YingShen·4·

KeynoteSpeaker

GuangqianWang  AcademicianofChineseAcademyofSciences,PresidentofQinghaiUniversity

JinrenNi  AcademicianofChineseAcademyofSciences,ProfessorofPekingUniversityBruceW.Melville  FellowshipoftheRoyalSocietyofNewZealand,Professorof

AucklandUniversityXinqiangNiu  AcademicianofChineseAcademyofEngineering,PresidentofCISLDRZhaoyinWang  PresidentofWASERVicePresidentofIAHR,ProfessorofTsinghua

UniversityMartinA.Locke  FellowScienceSocietyofAmerica,DirectorofUSDANSLHuaqingZhang  TianjinInstituteofWaterTransport,DeputyDean,ChiefEngineerMustafaS.Altinakar  DirectorofNCCHE,ProfessorofUniversityofMississippiHuaihanLiu  YangtzeRiverWaterwayBureau,NationalTalentsTaroArikawa  Professor.ofChuoUniversityTianchyiJimYeh  ProfessorofUniversityofArizonaPingyiWang  VicePresidentofChongqingJiaotongUniversityDejunZhong  ProfessorofQinghaiUniversity,“CheungKongScholar”Distinguished

ProfessorQiuwenChen  NanjingInstituteofHydraulicScienceProfessor,National“Millionsof

PeoplePlan”,LeadingTalentsinScientificandTechnologicalInnovationShengfaYang  ProfessorofChongqingJiaotongUniversity,NationalTalentsYafeiJia  ProfessorofUniversityofMississippiMinjiaoLu  NagaokaUniversityofTechnologyXueYa  ProfessorofChinaGeologicalSurveyXi’anGeologicalSurveyCenter

·5·

书书书

Preface

WhiteWater:DistributionandConversion (1)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ScouratHydraulicStructures (2)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

EnergyDissipationandHazardMitigationofNaturalDams (3)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

SustainabilityinGoldenInlandWaterwaysoftheWorld (4)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

KeyTechnologyofNewNavigationChannelofThreeGorgesProject (5)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

WaterChallengesinAgricultureforthe21stCentury:AdaptingUSDAARSNationalSedimentationLaboratory    ResearchtoMeetThoseChallenges (6)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ResearchAchievementsofNationalEngineeringResearchCenterforInlandWaterwayRegulation (7)!!

QualificationofCCHE3DModelandItsApplicationtoMississippiRiverBendways (8)!!!!!!!!

EcologicalRiverWaterwayConstructionandIssuesinCHINA (9)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

DevelopmentofMultiscaleMultiphysicsTsunamiSimulator (10)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ProgressandProspectsofResearchontheIntelligentChanneloftheYangtzeRiver (11)!!!!!!!

WideRiverorNarrowRiver:FutureRiverTrainingStrategyforLowerYellowRiverunderGlobalChange(13)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

FishConservationintheUpperYangtzeRiverunderLargeHydropowerDevelopment (14)!!!!!!!

AViewTowardtheFutureofSubsurfaceHydrologicScience (15)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

HydrologicalProcessesandTheirModeling (16)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

GroundwaterResourcesandEnvironmentinQaidamBasin (17)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

SedimentTransportLawandWaterwayRegulationTechnologyintheThreeGorgesReservoir (18)!!!

ModelingHydrodynamicandMorphodynamicProcessesinCoastsandEstuariesDueto  TropicalCyclones (19)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ModelingSedimentPathwaysAroundanInlet (20)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ResearchonNavigationobstructionReasonofSandyPebbleReachDownstreamofThree  GorgesProject (22)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

InvestigationofHydrodynamicsAroundaTidalStreamTurbineUndertheWavecurrent  Interaction (23)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ResearchonMultiparameterMeasurementMethodofSelfpropelledShipModelBased  onImageTrackingandRecognitionTechnology (24)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

NumericalStudyontheNourishedBeachErosionMechanismunderStormImpacts (25)!!!!!!!

TheResidualSedimentTransportResponsetoHugeNavigationChannelEngineeringand  ItsImpactonSiltinginNavigationChannelinChangjiangEstuary (27)

!!!!!!!!!!

ImpactbyOverturningWavesonaCoastalStructure (29)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ResearchonCalculationalMethodofRegulationParametersofProtectiveWaterwayRegulation  Projects (30)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ExperimentalStudyonErosionDamageofAnticorrosionCoating (31)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

AssessmentofWaveinducedLiquefactionDepthinaCohesiveSeabed (32)!!!!!!!!!!!!

ModelingStudyonHydrodynamicsofHorizontalAxisTidalStreamTurbine (33)!!!!!!!!!!

·1·

ResourceAssessmentofTidalStreamEnergyandResearchonLayoutOptimizationof  TurbineArray (34)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

InfluenceofSoilResistanceDampingonStandingWaveinducedPorePressureAccumulation   (36)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ModelofWaveinducedSandySeabedResponseAroundaTrenchedPipeline (37)!!!!!!!!!!

NumericalStudyonEffectofHubandSupportStructureonPerformanceofHorizontal  AxisTidalTurbine (38)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ResearchProgressintheInfluenceofWaterLevelFluctuationsontheNavigationSafetyof  ShipsintheEntranceAreaoftheApproachChannel (39)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ExperimentalInvestigationofWaveinducedPorePressureResponsearoundTwinPipelines  intheFinesandySeabed (40)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

NumericalStimulationoftheMovementofFishundertheInfluenceofFishBoneTypeDividing  Dike (41)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheStudyonInfluenceofWaterDepthontheFlowFieldCharacteristicsofHighPressureWater  Jet (42)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

BSTEMBoatgeneratedWaveerosionModel:DevelopmentandApplications (43)!!!!!!!!!!

AnalyticalSolutionoftheMotionofaBoxoverFocusedWave (44)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

NumericalModelingofAlternativestoReduceChannelShoalingattheBolivarFlareofthe  GulfIntracoastalWaterwayinGalvestonBay,Texas (45)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheStudyonEvolutionoftheMouthBarunderRunoffandWaveActionTogetherbyFlume  SectionModelTest (47)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

AnExperimentalStudyonWavevegetationInteractionConsideringtheCombinedEffectof  WavesandCurrents (48)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ATwodimensionalModelofSedimentTransportDuringStormSurge (49)!!!!!!!!!!!!!

NumericalSimulationofCurrentsandWavesInfluencedbyTyphoonintheNorthernSouth  ChinaSea (50)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

InterAnnualVariabilityoftheTurbidityMaximumZoneinHangzhouBayBasedonLandsatImagery   (51)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

EffectsofDeepSeaPortontheRayongBayCoastline,Thailand (52)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

FundamentalCriteriaandChallengestoIncreasingWaterwayDepthsDownstreamoftheThree  GorgesDam (53)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheResearchofPortRiskAssessmentModelBasedonGridStandard (55)!!!!!!!!!!!!!

PossibilitiesandChallengesofExpandingtheDimensionsoftheWaterwayDownstreamofThree  GorgesDam (56)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ResearchonSafetyConditionMonitoringMethodforBollardStructureofPortEngineering  BasedonFiberBraggSensing (57)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

SedimentTransportandTrappingintheNorthPassageofChangjiangEstuaryDuringtheFloodSeason2015   (58)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyonMethodstoEstimatetheBedShearStressesinYangtzeEstuary (59)!!!!!!!!!!!

ResearchontheAllowableSpanLengthoftheSubmarinePipelineinShallowWater (60)!!!!!!!

NumericalSimulationStudyontheWaterLevelFluctuationsintheUpstreamApproach  ChannelundertheConditionoftheLoadRejectionofHydraulicPowerStation (61)

!!!!!

·2·

DynamicResponseAnalysesofOffshoreWindTurbinewithHighriseCapandLowriseCap  FoundationSubjectedtoShipImpact (62)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ManagementStrategiesforanEcologicalWaterwayintheBifurcatedRiverSectionsattheLower  ReachesoftheYangtzeRiver (63)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ResearchontheRulesandInfluencingFactorsofScourandDepositionChangesinRiver  IslandsofTypicalSectionsintheLowerReachoftheThreeGorgesProject (64)

!!!!!!!

ResearchonBenchlandShapingTechniqueofComplexReachesundertheConditionofFloods  ControllingandNavigationImprovement (65)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheVelocitydipPhenomenoninOpenBendFlow (66)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheInfluenceofThermalDischargeontheWaterIntakeandDrainagePlaneLayoutforthe  CoalfiredPowerPlant (67)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ImpactsofLargescaleEstuarineEngineeringProjectsonRecentMorphologicalEvolution  ProcessesoftheYangtzeEstuary (68)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyofBearingCapacityandParameterSensitivityAnalysisofOffshoreWindTurbineBucket  FoundationinSoftClay (69)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyonAccumulativeDeformationofOffshoreWindTurbineBucketFoundationinClay (70)!!!!!

ExperimentalStudyofAttenuationofWaveRunupbyLandslidesintheThreeGorgesReservoir   (72)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyontheEffectofDamOperationonNavigationFlowConditionina90DegreeSharpBend  ReachBetweentheThreeGorgesDamandtheGezhouDam (73)

!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyonReliabilityofRiprapRockDamsunderUnsteadyFlowConditions (74)!!!!!!!!!!

ExperimentalStudyontheConnectionForcesofXtypeSoftBodyRowunderNonsteadyFlow   (75)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

DevelopmentaNewEcologicalEmbankmentProjectStructureStyle (76)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

InfluenceofAmbientFlowVelocityontheFlowFieldCharacteristicsofUnderwaterAbrasive  WaterJet (77)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheResearchontheWaterStopTechnologyofHydraumaticButterflyRubberBag (78)!!!!!!!!

AModelFrameworkontheCarryingCapacityofInlandWaterwayShipping (79)!!!!!!!!!!

WaterwayEvolutioninMeanderRiversunderImpactsofRiverEngineeringcomparisonof  theLowerMississippiRiverandJingjiangReachoftheYangtzeRiver (80)

!!!!!!!!!

ApplicationandDevelopmentofSmallScaleSelfpropelledShipModelSimulationTechnology   (81)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

PreliminaryStudyontheShipManeuveringMotionBasedonShallowWaterEffectand  NonuniformFlow (82)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

EstimationofDesignLNWLinInlandWaterwaysandUncertaintyAnalysisunderChanging  Environment (83)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

AnalysisonInfluencingFactorsofActualShippingRouteinMountainousRiver (84)!!!!!!!!!

TheInfluenceofLocalSandExtractiononWaterwayRegulationSchemefromHeyuanto  ShilonginDongjiangRiver (85)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

RouteSelectionofShipBasedonPquantileMethod (86)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

IdeasandSchemesforManagingtheBraidedRiverSectionamongtheShoalGroup  ComplexattheMiddleReachesoftheSonghuaRiver (87)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

·3·

ResearchonTridalWaterLevelofOverlengthShallowAreaintheCentralofBohaiSea (88)!!!!!

NumericalSimulationStudyontheOptimizationofReefBlastingSchemeinFomiantanBeach   (89)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyontheEvolutionCharacteristicsandInfluencingFactorsofJingjiangBeachunderNew  WaterandSandConditions (90)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ArrangementandExperimentalStudyofWaterFillingandEmptyingSystemwithLong  UnilateralCorridorandCrossBranchCorridorsforHighHeadShipLock (91)

!!!!!!!

HydrodynamicCharacteristicsofCombinedEnergyDissipationChambersforLockhead  FillingSystems (93)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyontheArrangementandHydraulicsCharacteristicsofWatersavingShipLockwith  WaterMutualFillingandEmptyingSystem (94)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheReachofSecondaryRegulationIdeasandControlParametersoftheBranchingReach  intheHillyRegion (95)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

NumericalSimulationsofOverlandFlowsforSoilErosion (96)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

DevelopmentofanAdaptiveMultidimensionalSurfaceWaterNutrientandContaminant  ModelingCapability (97)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

OntheStudyofDebrisFlowUsingComputationalFluidDynamics(CFD) (98)!!!!!!!!!!!

ExperimentalStudyonBankEffectModelofInlandShipsunderUnconstantFlowConditions   (100)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheStudyonInfluenceofWaterDepthontheFlowFieldCharacteristicsofHighPressure  WaterJet (101)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

3DNumericalModelingoftheInfluenceofGateRemovalTimeonDamBreakFlowCharacteristics(102)

!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyontheMeasurementofWaterFlowCharacteristicsofSubmergentRigidVegetation (103)!!!!!

NumericalModelingofFlowandSedimentinPelahatchieBayandItsUplandWatershed (104)!!!!!

StrategytoCoupleanImplicitHydrodynamicModelandWaterQualityModuleswith  TemperatureModuleasaDemonstration (105)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ApplicationofFastADISolvertoComplexGeometriesonGPU (107)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

LargeEddySimulationforFlowoveraBackwardfacingStepwithHighReynoldsNumber (108)!!!!

NumericalSimulationsofAirPressurisationWithinDdropshafts (109)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

EffectsofSpurDikesonWeightedUsableAreaofEndenmicSpeciesintheMinjiangRiverby  TwodimensionalNumericalModel (110)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

HighresolutionandRapidSimulationofFlowsandSedimentTransportinYangtzeEstuary   (111)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

EffectsofDeflectionAnglesonSecondaryFlowinRvierBends (112)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

SimulationofHydraulicCharacteristicsofanInclinedOverflowGatebytheFreesurface  LatticeBoltzmannimmersedBoundaryCouplingScheme (113)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ThreeDimensionalNumericalSimulationStudyonFlowConditionsinChamberwithFilling  andEmptyingSystemofLongCorridorLockWall (114)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ANewMultislopeMUSCLSchemeforSolving2DShallowWaterEquationsonUnstructuredGrids(115)

!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ModellingofSecondaryFlowsintheRotatingAnnularFlumebyOpenFOAM (117)!!!!!!!!!

·4·

EffectofReservationScouringPitonTrajectoryBucketEnergyDissipation (118)!!!!!!!!!!

NumericalSimulationofEnergyDissipationforContinuousFlipBucketinSpillwayof  LongxingqiaoReservoir (119)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

SimulationofLocalScourAroundBridgeAbutmentsUsingArtificialNeuralNetworks(ANNs)   (120)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ASecondorderAccuracyBoundaryConditionforLatticeBoltzmannShallowWaterModel   (121)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheNumericalStudyofVesselNavigationbyThreeDimensionalFluidSolidCouplingMethod (122)!!

ThreedimensionalNumericalStudyontheEffectofAddingAntishipCollisionFacilitiesonthe  NavigationFlowConditionsfortheExistingBridges (123)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

SimulationforHydrodynamicPerformanceofShipBerthinginHighPiledWharf (124)!!!!!!!!

NumericalSimulationofHydrodynamicFieldsunderWaveCurrentInteractioninOujiangEstuary (125)!

ResearchonHydraulicCharacteristicsintheValveSectionwithExpandedCorridorattheTopforShipLock (126)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

A3DFiniteelementGroundwaterModelandItsApplicationtoHyporheicFlowswithaTwolayer  SedimentBed (128)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

SecondorderAccuracySource(ExternalForce)TermSchemeforLatticeBoltzmannShallow  WaterEquations (129)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

NumericalModellingofTransientAirwaterFlowsWithinaRiserDownstreamofaTrunkSewer   (130)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

NumericalInvestigationofSedimentTransportInducedbyInternalSolitaryWaves (131)!!!!!!!

ASubgridScaleBankErosionModelforTELEMAC2D/SISYPHE (132)!!!!!!!!!!!!!

MeasurementoftheTurbulenceStatisticsandtheReynoldsStressStructureoftheTurbulent  BoundaryLayerFlowAroundaTwoDimensionalEmbankment (133)

!!!!!!!!!!!

TimeresolvedStereoscopicParticleimagevelocimetrySystemforApplicationinWaterFlows (134)!!!

ExperimentalStudyofTurbulenceCharacteristicsofFlowoverDune (136)!!!!!!!!!!!!!

InfluenceofBladeWrapAngleonCavitationPerformanceofHighSpeedCentrifugalPump   (137)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ANovelModelofIncipientSedimentMotionBasedonTurbulenceKineticEnergy (138)!!!!!!!

FluctuatingPressureontheBottomofaStillingWell (139)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

SimulationandAnalysisofFlowFieldinHighPressureWaterJetNozzle (140)!!!!!!!!!!!

QuadrantAnalysisofTurbulentFlowCharacteristicsinanOpenChannelwithDispersedBed  Roughness (141)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

AnalysisofParameterUncertaintyofGreenRoofsHydrologicRetentionPerformanceReliability   (142)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

CCHESWMMBasedFloodModelingtoEvaluatetheEffectofLIDonChongqingSponge  CityPilotProjects (143)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

IntegratedBenefitEvaluationsofGreenInfrastructureintheUnitedStatesandItsReferential  SignificancetoChina (144)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

CharacteristicsofStormwaterPollutantsCapturedinCatchBasinInserts (145)!!!!!!!!!!!

ApplicationofLIDtoUrbanRunoffControlUsingSWMM:CaseStudyinaRetrofittedArea   (146)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

·5·

StudyonControlEffectofLowImpactDevelopmentMeasuresofUrbanPipeNetwork  BasedonSWMM (147)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

DesignParadigmforHydraulicEngineeringSustainability (148)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyoftheEffectingFactorsandtheComprehensiveAssessmentofPublicPrivatePartnerships  ConstructionProjectinSpongeCity (149)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

EvaluationofSeveralRemoteSensingSoilMoistureDataProductsoverChina (150)!!!!!!!!!

CurrentStatusofVOCsRecoveryConstructionandRelatedRegulationsinChina (151)!!!!!!!!

ModelingStudyofaTurbulentHydrothermalPlumeandParticleMotionsinStratifiedFluids   (152)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

AQuantitativeStudyontheEcologicalCompensationStandardintheThreeGorgesReservoir  AreaBasedonEcologicalFootprint (153)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyofThreedimensionalMotiononLockexchangeGravityCurrent (154)!!!!!!!!!!!!

PredictionofFlowVelocityProfilesofOpenChannelswithSubmergedVegetation (155)!!!!!!!

CompositionandEvaluationofSoilPollutantsintheThreeGorgesFluctuatingBelt (156)!!!!!!!

BlueJeansDyeAttributes&ScopetoSparseEnvironmentalImpingement (157)!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyonVelocityProfileandDragCoefficientofFlowThroughDoubleLayerVegetation (158)!!!!!

NumericalSimulationonOptimumDesignDistanceBetweenRhombicArtificialReefs (159)!!!!!!

StudyontheCharacteristicsofHydrochemistryandHydrogenandOxygenIsotopesofthe  GroundwaterintheTypicalIrrigationDistrictoftheYellowRiverinTumochuanPlain

(160)!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ResearchonPassengerShipFormofInternationalWaterwayfromChinaMyanmarBoundary  MarkeratUpperMekongRivertoLuangPrabang,Laos (161)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

SoluteTransportina3DRoughwalledFracture:theEffectofChannelsandImmobileZones   (163)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

InfluenceofChannelRegulatingStructuresontheTransportationandDissipationofSupersaturated  TotalDissolvedGas (164)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

BinaryComponentSorptionofCadmium,andCopperIonsontoYangtzeRiverSedimentswith  DifferentParticleSizes (165)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyonSRTInfluencetoPhosphorousRemovalandSludgeCharactersofHAA/AMCOProcess   (166)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ExtractionoftheEnvironmentalConditionsSuitablefortheSpawningofSweetfishintheShimanto  River (167)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

MechanismofAerobicNitrogenRemovalaboutAdvancedSludgeReductionProcess—HAA/AMCO   (168)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

EvaluationofLongxiRiverWaterEcologicalConstruction (169)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

AReviewofDistribution,AnalysisMethods,ModelMethodsandEnvironmentalEffectsofMicroplastics   (170)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

PreliminaryStudyonSoilErosionattheWaterLevelFluctuatingZoneoftheThreeGorgeReservoir (171)!!!

CompositionofFloatingDebrisinDifferentWaterBodies (172)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ResearchonHighefficiencyTreatmentofBlackOdorousWaterSuspendedSolidsBasedontheCombination  ofHydraulicRotatingDeviceandFlocculation (173)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheColdIslandEffectandItsInternalMechanismofthe“SourceHui”LandscapePatternintheYangtze·6·

  RiverEconomicBelt (174)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

DelineatingUrbanGrowthBoundariesUsingFLUSModel:theCaseofChongqing (175)!!!!!!!!!!

FutureScenariosfortheHydrologicalVariablesundertheImpactofClimateChangeintheHaiheRiver  Basin,NorthChina (176)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

QuantitativeEffectsofClimateFluctuationandLandCoverChangeonWatershedRunoffandSediment  Generation (177)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

3DModelingofTurbidityCurrentthroughShihmenReservoirinTaiwan (178)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ClearwaterScourDevelopmentatSubmergedWeirs (179)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ApplingaTwoDimensionalNumericalModeltoAssesstheEvolutionofSoftBedrockChannelSlope   (180)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

PreliminaryForecastMethodonInflowSedimentConcentrationofThreeGorgesReservoir (181)!!!!!!!

ModelExperimentsofBedLoadTransportPathEffecttheWaterwaySecurityinUpperYangtzeRiver   (182)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

RealtimeFieldMeasurementsandSimulationofShorttermGeneralScourEvolution—ACaseStudy  oftheChoShuiRiverinTaiwan (183)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

PhysicalStudyontheRelationshipbetweenReservoirSedimentationDepthandBackwaterRaises   (184)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

EffectsoftheLargeBarrageonSedimentLoadalongtheYomRiver,Thailand (185)!!!!!!!!!

LaboratoryMeasurementofBedloadDischargeUsingBottomTrackVelocityMeasuredbyADCP (186)!!

SimultaneousObservationofWaterFlow,BedloadandSuspendedSedimentUsingAcoustic  DopplerCurrentProfilerintheBrahmaputraRiver,Bangladesh (187)

!!!!!!!!!!!

NumericalSimulationontheSedimentationoftheThreeGorgesReservoirBasedontheNew  CharacteristicsofHydrologyandSedimentCondition (188)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ChannelEvolutionoftheJianliReachintheMiddleYangtzeRiverUndergoingUpstreamand  DownstreamBoundaryControls (189)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ApplicabilityofGPVSforMonitoringBedloadTransport (190)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyontheCharacteristicsofRunoffandSedimentTransportinthePoyangLake (191)!!!!!!!!

ResearchonErosionDepthandChangeofWaterLevelinLowerReachofHydrojunction (192)!!!!!

InfluenceofIncomingSedimentConditionsonAlluvialRiverTypeConversion (193)!!!!!!!!!!

AnalysisoftheEffectofFlexibleReservoirOperationMethodontheWaterSupplyCapacityof  HyperconcentrationRiver (194)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ExperimentalandNumericalSimulationsofLocalScourAroundGroupsofPiles (195)!!!!!!!!!

SedimentTransportandMorphologicResponsestoDecreasedFlowsinanAlluvialDesertReach  oftheYellowRiver,China (196)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

PotentialEcologicalRiskofHeavyMetalsinRiverSedimentsatOneManganeseMineAreainSouth  China (197)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

CaseStudy:EffectsofNarrowingCrosssectionontheLowerYellowRiver (198)!!!!!!!!!!!

ExperimentalStudyonScouringCharacteristicsofCohesiveSoilofDistortedRiverBends  intheLowerYellowRiver (199)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

EvolutionMechanismandTrendForecastingofTidalRiverChannelsattheLowerReachesof  theYangtzeRiver (200)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheCirculationandSaltStratificationovertheSouthBranchoftheYangtzeEstuary (201)!!!!!!!

·7·

NewTendencyofSedimentLoadandDepositionintheThreeGorgesReservoirwiththeImpact  ofDams (202)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

CalibrationofManning’sRoughnessCoefficientforTarimRiverFlowSimulationBasedon  CCHE2DModel (203)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

LocalScourDepthFormulaofMiddletolowWaterHeadDam (204)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyontheGravelBedloadTransportinChongqingMainUrbanReachaftertheImpoundment  oftheThreeGorgesReservoir (205)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Developmentofa1DEmbankmentBreachingModel (206)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

InvestigationofDrainagePumpOperationandItsInfluenceontheFlowinaReceivingStream   (207)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

GreatChangesonFloodControlofLowerYellowRiverandFutureProspects (208)!!!!!!!!!!

TheInfluenceofGateRemovalTimeonDamBreakFlowCharacteristics (209)!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheFloodControlCompensationOptimizationMethodofParallelReservoirs (210)!!!!!!!!!!

DevelopmentofPriorityIndexforDeterminationofWarningStationinFloodForecasting (211)!!!!!

ParallelProcessingofMultiScenarioFloodSimulationUsingCloudComputingService (212)!!!!!!

BackwaterFloodingAnalysisintheTownAgva(NorthernTurkey)viaDifferentSettlementStrategies   (214)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ModelingDikeBreachingintheChaoPhrayaRiverBasinUsingHighResolutionElevationData(Lidar)(215)

!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheBoscastleFloodof16August2004:CauseAnalysisandCorrespondingEngineeringDefence  Structures (216)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

FloodDisastersandFloodWarninginUrbanAreasofUkraine:LearnedLessonsandNewNeeds   (217)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

FloodForecastingModelforKelantanRiverBasin,MalaysiaUsingIFASandGetflows (219)!!!!!!!

StudyonOptimalResolutionEstimationofDistributedRainfallRunoffModelforFloodForecast   (220)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

NumericalInvestigationoftheImpactForceonStructuresduetoDamBreakFlowUsinga2DModel   (221)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

AnalysisoftheImpactofRainfallonUrbanFloodingandFloodDamageunderDifferentLandUse  Types (222)

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HydrologicalModelingoftheKaushalyaDamWatershed(INDIA)UsingGIS&SWAT (223)!!!!!!!

SpatialDistributionofFisharoundtheFishboneTypeDividingDikeinDongliuWaterway,Downstream  ofYangtzeRiver (224)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyonOptimizedOpeningModeforWaterReleaseSluiceofYakouNavigationHydrojunction   (225)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ADevelopingRealtimeSafetyInformationModelforLargescaleUndergroundCavernGroup (226)!!!!!

ComprehensiveAnalysisfortheInfluenceFactorsonHydraulicCharacteristicofSpillwayTunnel  withSuddenLateralEnlargementandVerticalDropForm (227)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

EffectsofDataRecordLengthonParameterEstimationandModelPerformanceinHydrological  Modeling (228)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Enhanced2DCEQUALW2HydrodynamicsandWaterQualityModelsandItsApplicationsin  SupportofNutrientPollutionAssessment (229)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

·8·

DistributionofParametersforHydrologicModelsonLargeScaleinChina (230)!!!!!!!!!!!!

ResponseofMeltWaterandRainfallRunofftoRecentClimateChangeandTheirRolesinControlling  RiverFlowChangeoftheThreeHeadwatersBasinsovertheTibetanPlateau (231)

!!!!!!!

ModellingDailyWaterTemperatureinMissouriRiverBasinUsingStatisticalModels (232)!!!!!!!!

ComparisonRainfallInterpolationatDifferentSpatialResolution (233)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ModernHydroecologicalRegimeofLagoonsinNorthwesternPartofBlackSeaandIssuesofTheir  WaterManagementunderClimateChange (234)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TheImpactsofExtremeDroughtandtheImpoundingoftheThreeGorgesDamonWaterLevel  CharacteristicsintheMiddleandLowerReachesoftheYangtzeRiverin2006 (236)

!!!!!!

GroundwaterContaminantSourceIdentificationbySelfOrganizingMapsBasedSurrogate  ModelswithPartiallyMissingConcentrationObservationData (238)

!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyonEvaluationSystemofWaterEcologicalConstructionintheLongxiRiver (239)!!!!!!!!

AnOverviewofChina’sWaterStatistics (241)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyonNormalTransformationMethodinBPFModelforInputData (242)!!!!!!!!!!!!

DevelopmentofanIntegratedWaterQualityModelingEngineforHECRAS,HECResSim,  andHECHMS (243)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ArcGISbasedManagementofRockTunnelHydrogeologicalDataandModelEstablishment   (244)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

AModelFrameworkontheCarryingCapacityofInlandWaterwayShipping (245)!!!!!!!!!!

StudiesonStructureofFishCommunityandSpeciesDiversityinWuhanSectionoftheYangtze  River (246)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

DevelopmentofanOperationalFlashFloodForecastingSystemforThailand (247)!!!!!!!!!!

TheApplicationofChannelUnderwaterTerrainMonitoringBasedonBIMTechnology (248)!!!!!!

LaboratoryFlumeStudiesonPropagativeWavesiltyBedInteractions (249)!!!!!!!!!!!!!

EffectofSulfateAttackontheTriaxialMechanicalbehaviorofMortar (250)!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyonHighPrecisionWaterLevelMeasurementMethodBasedonDualfrequencyUltrasound  inHydraulicPhysicalModelExperiments (252)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ImpulsiveWaveRunupGeneratedbyRockLandslidesinaBendChannelReservoir (253)!!!!!!

ExperimentalInvestigationintoDownstreamFieldofaPilesupportedHorizontalAxisTidal  StreamTurbine (254)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

StudyontheNavigationConditionintheEntranceAreaofUpstreamApproachChannelin  SanakhamShiplock (256)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ADVbasedMeasurementsofSuspendedSedimentDistributionandTurbulentDiffusionMechanism   (257)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

ScourAroundBridgePiersinNonuniformSediments (258)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

AnalysisofPileDiameterandSandParticleSizeonLocalScourinSteadyCurrent (259)!!!!!!!!

MonitoringandEarlyWarningofRainfallInducedSoilSlopeFailureUsingElasticWaveVelocity   (260)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

WaterandSoilLossfromLandslideDepositsasaFunctionofGravelContentintheWenchuan  EarthquakeArea,China,RevealedbyArtificialRainfallSimulations (261)

!!!!!!!!!

·9·

WhiteWater:DistributionandConversion

    GuangqianWang

Abstract

1.BackgroundSurfacewaterresourcesincludebluewaterandgreenwater.Bluewaterisstoredinrivers,lakesandaquifers.Greenwaterreferstowaterthatisconsumedbyevapotranspiration.Theatmosphericwaterresourcesarecomposedofwhitewater.Themutualconversionofwhitewater,bluewaterandgreenwaterformsawatercycle.2.WhiteWaterWhitewaterisatmosphericwater,whichreferstotheatmosphericwaterfluxwithprecipitationpotential.Thisparagraphintroducesthecalculationofwhitewateranditscharacteristicvariables.Theconversionrateandeffectivenessofwhitewaterwereanalyzed,andimportantresearchparameterssuchaswhitewaterratio(WWR)andwhitewatersaturation(WWS)wereintroduced.ThedistributionandtransformationofwhitewaterintypicalareassuchasSanjiangyuanandTarimBasininChinawerereported.Taketheriverbasinsathomeandabroadasanexampletosimulateandcomparewiththemeasureddata.3.SkyRiverProjectThispaperproposesthatTianheProjectproposesanewmethodbystudyingthedistributionandtransportationofwaterintheatmosphere,andadoptsnewtechnologytorealizethecouplingcontrolandcomprehensiveutilizationofatmosphericandsurfacewaterresourcesinsomeareas.TianheProjectcanmonitorandpredictthewhitewaterintheengineeringatmosphere,solvethetimeandspacedistributionofwhitewater,andformaneffectiveweather(precipitation)adjustmenttechnologytoprovidestrongsupportforenvironmentalprotection,waterenergyandsafety.

Keywords:WhiteWater;Surfacewaterresources;SkyRiverProject;Atmosphericwater

·1·

ScouratHydraulicStructures

BruceMelville

CivilEngineering,UniversityofAuckland,NewZealand

Abstract

Predictionoflikelyscourdepthsisanimportantaspectofthedesignofhydraulicstructures.Whiledetailedguidanceisavailableforthescourdesignofsomestructures,e.g.bridgefoundations,scantinformationisavailableformanyotherstructuresandforcertainaspectsofbridgefoundationscour.Recentresearchfindingsforscourathydraulicstructuresarepresented.Theresearchfindingsspanscouratskewedcomplexbridgepiers,scourduetsunamibores,scouratsubmergedbridgesfoundationsandscourmitigationatbridgepiersduetodownstreamsubmergedweirs.

Keywords:Hydraulicstructures;Spanscour;Tsunamibore;Submergedbridgefoundation

·2·

EnergyDissipationandHazardMitigationofNaturalDams

ZhaoyinWang

TsinghuaUniversity

Abstract

Naturaldamsareformedduetolandslides,avalanchesanddebrisflows.TheupliftoftheTibetanPlateauincreasesthebedgradientofallriversoriginatingfromtheplateau,whichresultedinriverbedincision.Aselementsofthecausalchainlandslidesandavalanchesfromthebankslopesanddebrisflowsfromgulliestransportahugevolumeofbouldersandsedimenttotheriversanddamtherivers.Steppoolsystemsdeveloponthedamsafterfloodsflowingoverthedams.Experimentsshowthatthesteppoolsystemsandotherbedstructurescreateextremelyhighresistanceanddissipate60%90% oftheflowenergy.Thustheriverbedsarestabilizedandfewgeohazardsoccurontheriverswithnaturaldams.Nevertheless,ifthedevelopmentdegreeofsteppoolsystemisnothighthenaturaldamsmayfailduringhighevents.Arelationcurvebetweentheflowenergyanddevelopmentdegreeofsteppoolsisobtainedforthestabilityofnaturaldams.Tostabilizeahugelandslidebodywithavolumeof80millionm3,anartificialsteppoolsystemwasconstructed,whichsuccessfullycontroldebrisflowandstabilizedthelandslidebody.InsouthwestChinadevelopmentofcascadedamsonriversforhydropowerdevelopmentissimilartothenaturaldamsiftheenergydissipationpoolsarewelldesignedandconstructed.Thus,thepowerdevelopmentofriversmayprovidebettersecurityandmitigategeohazards.

Keywords:Energydissipation;Naturaldams;Steppoolsystem;Hazardmitigation

·3·

SustainabilityinGoldenInlandWaterwaysoftheWorld

  JinrenNi

Abstract

Anoverviewoftheglobalgoldinlandwaterway(GIW)distributionandthecurrentstrategiesusedtomeettheriver'sgreatershippingcapacityneeds.Inordertoensurethesustainabledevelopmentofthegoldinlandwaterway,itisnecessarytostudynewstrategiestomeettheneedsofshippingdevelopmentwhileensuringthelong-termhealthoftheriver.Thestudycomprehensivelyconsiderstherelationshipbetweenthesocio-economicneedsofthedryseasonandthenavigationcapacityofthewaterway,identifiestheglobalgoldinlandwaterwaybygrading,andtakestheMississippiRiverandtheYangtzeRiverasexamplestostudytherationalwayofsustainabledevelopmentofdifferentlevelsofwaterways.

Keywords:Channelnavigationcapacity;Sustainabledevelopment;Shippingdevelopment

·4·

KeyTechnologyofNewNavigation  ChannelofThreeGorgesProject  

        Xinqiang Niu

Abstract

ThesuccessfulconstructionoftheThreeGorgesProjecthasproducedhugeshippingbenefitsandachievedmanytechnicalachievementsinnavigation.Atpresent,inordertoeliminatethebottleneckoftheYangtzeRivershippingdevelopment,theneedtodevelopgreentransportation,protecttheecologicalenvironment,andimprovethenavigationcapacity,weneedtobuildanewchannelfortheThreeGorgeswatertransport.ThispaperdescribestheoverallplanfortheconstructionofthenewchanneloftheThreeGorgeswaterway,putsforwardthetechnicaldifficultiesintheimplementationprocess,andgivesthesolution.ThenewnavigationchannelisthefundamentalmeasuretoupgradethepassingthroughcapacityofTGP.ThenewnavigationchannelisakeyprojecttobuildthegoldenwaterwayofYangtzeRiverandtopromotethedevelopmentoftheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt.Thenewnavigationchannelistechnicallyfeasible,andthereisnotechnicaldifficultythatcannotbesolved.TheconstructionofthenewnavigationchannelwillnotaffecttheoperationsafetyoftheThreeGorgesProject.

Keywords:TheThreeGorgesProject;Navigationcapacity;Navigationtechnology

·5·

WaterChallengesinAgricultureforthe21stCentury:AdaptingUSDAARS NationalSedimentationLaboratoryResearchtoMeetThoseChallenges

MartinALocke

Director,USDAAgriculturalResearchService,NationalSedimentationLaboratory,598McElroyDrive,Oxford,MS38655

Abstract

TheUSDAAgriculturalResearchService(ARS)NationalSedimentationLaboratory(NSL),Oxford,MS,hasservedfor50yearsasacenterforresearchonsedimentanderosionissues.ItiscurrentlytheleadUSDAARSfacilityaddressing(1)watershederosionandsedimentationprocesses,and(2)watershedecologicalfunctionsasimpactedbyagriculturalpractices.TheNSLLabconsistsoftworesearchunits:(1)WaterQualityandEcology,and(2)WatershedPhysicalProcesses.Theoverallresearchprogramemphasizesinterdisciplinarystudiesdealingwithphysical,chemical,andbiologicalprocessesrelatedtonaturalresourcesinagriculturalwatersheds,andassessingstrategiesforsustainingandenhancingtheintegrityandfunctionofagroecosystems.Specificareasofresearchinclude:(1)soilerosion,transportanddepositionofsedimentinwatershedsincludingstreamstabilityandbankprotection;(2)agriculturalpracticeandstreamstructureimpactsonwaterquantity,waterquality,andecosystemservices;(3)movementandfateofchemicalswithinthelandscape;(4)ecosystemintegrityofstreamsandadjacentriparianzones,lakesandwetlands;and(5)processescontrollingsurfaceandgroundwatermovement.TheNSLalsoservesastheleadresearchfacilityintheLowerMississippiRiverBasinfortheUSDAARSLongTermAgroecosystemResearch(LTAR)network.Waterresourcesareineverincreasingdemand,whilesuppliesaredwindling.Irreplaceablesoilresourcesneedtobepreservedandimprovedthroughinnovativeconservationpractices.TheresearchattheNSLisadaptingtoaddresstheseconcernsbyutilizingimprovedtechnologies,developinglinkagesthroughcollaborations,updatinginfrastructureofresearchfacilities,refocusingscientificpersonnel,andmanagingdatabases.

Keywords:USDAARS;NationalSedimentationLaboratory;Agroecosystems

·6·

ResearchAchievementsofNationalEngineeringResearchCenterforInlandWaterwayRegulation

        PingyiWang

Abstract

TheNationalInlandWaterwayRegulationEngineeringTechnologyResearchCenterreliesonChongqingJiaotongUniversityandChangjiangWaterwayBureautoprovidetechnicalsupportforthenationaldevelopmentstrategy,providetechnicalsupportforthemodernizationofChina′sdomesticwaterwaytransportationsystem,andbecomethedomesticfirstclassandinternationallyrenownedR&Dandtransformationplatformforthewatertransportationconstructionindustry.Ithasgraduallyformedaresearchplatform withmanagement,researchanddevelopment,marketing,reasonablestructure,scientificresearchandinnovation,coveringtheresearchofmountainriverchannelremediation,plainriverchannelremediation,andintelligentnavigationchannel.

Keywords:Research;Intelligentnavigationchannel;Reasonablestructure

·7·

QualificationofCCHE3DModelandItsApplicationtoMississippiRiver

Bendways

        YafeiJia

            NationalCenterforComputationalHydroscienceandEngineering,theUniversityofMississippi

Abstract

Millionsoftonsofcommercialcargoaretransportedthroughinlandwaterwaysyearly.However,bargenavigationthroughbendwaysisdifficulttomaneuvereveninstreamstructureswerebuilttoimprovetheflowcondition.3Dnumericalmodelscanbeappliedtostudytheproblembuttheircorrectnessandcapabilitiesneedtobevalidated.Thispaperpresentsverificationandvalidationtestsofa3D freesurfacenumericalmodel,CCHE3D,using3D analyticalsolution,experimentaldataandfielddatameasuredintheMississippiRiver.Thisseriesofrigoroustestsfullyandquantitativelyprovedtheaccuracy,capabilityandapplicabilityofCCHE3Dtostudythreedimensionalflowaroundinstreamstructures.Anumericalstudyfocusingonacurvedchannelreach,VictoriaBendwayoftheMississippiRiver,ispresented,inwhichmanysubmergeddikeswereconstructedtoimprovethechannelnavigationcondition.Tosupportthestudy,3DvelocitydatawerecollectedusingADCPacrossthechannel.Thesimulatedflowfieldandthemeasureddatashowedgoodagreement,thusthemodel’sapplicabilitytosimulatenaturalriverprocesseswasconfirmed.TheCCHE3Dmodelwasappliedtostudythesecondaryflowandinvestigatetheeffectivenessofthesesubmergedweirsforimprovingnavigation.

Keywords:CCHE3D;MississippiRiverBendways;ADCP;Submergedrivers

·8·

EcologicalRiverWaterwayConstructionandIssuesinCHINA

Bendways

        HuaqingZhang

Abstract

Theunderstandingoftheecologicalchannelisacombinationofnavigationandecologicalfunctions.Theecosystemsofconstruction,maintenanceanduseindifferentperiodsarecompleteinstructureandsoundinfunction.Ithasstrongcarryingcapacityandselfrecoveryfornaturalandhumanstress.Ithassixcharacteristicsofhydrology,topography,landformattributes,waterquality,biology,landscapeandmanagementinlinewithecologicalnavigationchannels,forminganecologicalchannelcharacteristicssystem.Theproblemsandchallengesintheecologicalprotectionofinlandriversareintroducedindetail,andtheimpactsofwaterwaydevelopmentandconstructiononriverecologyareanalyzed.Withreferencetotheconstructionhistoryandpositiveresultsofforeignecologicalwaterways,combinedwiththecharacteristicsoftheconstructionanddevelopmentofChina′sdomesticriverchannel,suggestionsforwaterwayengineeringproblemsincludingecologicalsurveyand monitoring, ecologicaldispatch,ecologicalprotectionofbeaches,ecologicalrevetment,andecologicaldredgingareproposed.

Keywords:EcologicalRiverWaterway;Ecologicalprotection;Waterquality

·9·

DevelopmentofMultiscaleMultiphysicsTsunamiSimulator

   TaroARIKAWA

         CivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,ChuoUniversity,Tokyo,Japan

Abstract

The2011GreatEastJapanEarthquake(GEJE)hasshownthattsunamidisastersarenotlimitedtoinundationdamageinaspecifiedregion,butmaydestroyawidearea,causingamajordisaster.Evaluatingstandinglandstructuresanddamagetothemrequiresahighlypreciseevaluationofthreedimensionalfluidmotion— anexpensiveprocess.OurresearchgoalswerethustodevelopacouplingSTOCCADMAS(ArikawaandTomita,2014)couplingwiththestructureanalysis(Arikawaetal.,2009)toefficientlycalculateallstagesfromtsunamisourcetorunupincludingthedeformationofstructuresandtoverifytheirapplicability.WealsoinvestigatedthestabilityofbreakwatersatKamaishiBay.Fig.1showsthewholeofthiscalculationsystem.TheSTOCMLsimulatorapproximatespressurebyhydrostaticpressureandcalculatesthewaveprofilesbasedonanequationofcontinuity,therebyloweringcalculationcost,primarilycalculatingfromtheepicentertotheshallowregion.Asasimulator,STOCICsolvespressurebasedonaPoissonequationtoaccountforashallower,morecomplextopography,butreducescomputationcostslightlytocalculatetheareanearaportbysettingthewatersurfacebasedonanequationofcontinuity.CS3DalsosolvesaNavierStokesequationandsetsthewatersurfacebyVOFtodealwiththerunuparea,withitscomplexsurfacesofoverflowsandbores.STRsolvesthestructureanalysisincludingthegeoanalysisbasedontheBiot'sformula.Bycouplingthese,itefficientlycalculatesthetsunamiprofilefromthepropagationtotheinundation.ThenumericalresultscomparedwiththephysicalexperimentsdonebyArikawaetal.,2012.Itwasgoodagreementwiththeexperimentalones.Finally,thesystemappliedtothelocalsituationatKamaishibay.Thealmostbreakwaterswerewashedaway,whosesituationwassimilartothedamageatKamaishibay.

Keywords:Tsunamisimulator;Multiphysics;STOCCADMAS

·01·

ProgressandProspectsofResearch  ontheIntelligentChannelofthe  

YangtzeRiver

     HuaihanLiu

Abstract

1.ConstructionoftheYangtzeRivertrunkchannelTheYangtzeRiverChannelistheonlywaterwaymainchannelthattraversestheeastern,centralandwesternregionsofChina.Itistheworld′slargestandmosttransportednaturalwaterway.ItisthemainskeletonforconstructingthecomprehensivethreedimensionaltrafficcorridoroftheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt.Hasauniqueadvantageandanextremelyimportantposition.ThenationalstrategicconstructionoftheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelthasbeenimplemented,relyingonthegoldenwaterwaytocreateanecologicalcorridorandanintegratedthreedimensionaltransportationcorridor.2.ResearchprogressontheYangtzeRiverintelligentnavigationchannelSince2001,morethan10majorinformatizationconstructionprojectshavebeencarriedoutaroundthenavigationchannelinformationinfrastructure,waterwaymeasurementinfrastructureandequipment,anddigitalnavigationchannels.Nowithasthedynamiccollectioncapabilityofthemainchannelelements,constructstheinformationtransmissionnetworkoftheYangtzeRiverchannel,formsamultichannelchannelinformationservicecapability,realizestheinformationnetworkingapplicationofthechannelmaintenancebusiness,andinitiallyestablishestheYangtzeRiverdigitalchannelmanagementsystem.3.ProspectsforthedevelopmentoftheYangtzeRiverIntelligentWaterwayCurrentlyintheeraofgreatchangesintransportation,thechannelinformationizationwillberedefined,andtheeraofintelligentshippingrepresentedbyunmannedportsandunmannedmerchantshipsiscoming.Atpresent,thecoretaskofchannelinformationizationistocreateanewecologicalchannelinfrastructure,realizethematerialization,onlineizationandnetworkingofthechannel;createmassiveandorderlychanneldataassets,andrealizetheassetization,dataizationandvirtualizationofchannelresources.Createafulllifechanneloperationguarantee,realizetheonline,visualandintelligentnavigationchanneloperation;createaubiquitouschannelpublicservice,andrealizethetransformationofthechannelelectronicmaptotheshippingoperationscenemap.

TheYangtzeRiverintelligentwaterwaydevelopmenthassixkeyresearchtasks,including·11·

the"Internet+"YangtzeRiverchanneltopleveldesign,theYangtzeRiverchannelfullfactorintegrationlargescalerapidmobilemeasurementkeytechnology,cloudbasedYangtzeRiverchannelbigdataplatform keytechnology,ChanghesectionMultidimensionalnumericalsimulationandvisualizationtechnologyofchannelelements,dynamicresearchandpredictiontechnologyofchannelconditionsbasedonchannelbigdataandkeytechnologiesofchannelserviceapplicationbasedonInternet+.

Keywords:TheYangtzeRiverintelligentwaterway;Bigdata;Internet

·21·

WideRiverorNarrowRiver:Future  RiverTrainingStrategyforLower YellowRiverunderGlobalChange 

     DeyuZhong

Abstract

1.IntroductionCurrently,theYellow Riverisfacingtwocrucialissues,frequentoverbankflowsandconsecutivedeposition.RivertrainingisofgreatsignificanceformaintainingthestabilityofthelowerYellowRiverandisoneoftheprimarytasksoflocalandcentralgovernmentinfloodcontrol.Therearetwocompletelydifferentstrategiesforrivertraining,widerivertrainingstrategyandnarrowrivertrainingstrategy.Thewiderivertrainingstrategyistobuildaleveeawayfromthemainpassage,topreventfloodinganddepositexcesssedimentonabroadfloodplain,andthisstrategystillappliestoday.Thenarrowrivertrainingstrategyistoimplementvariousrivertrainingprojectstodeliverfloodsandoverdepositedsedimentsdownstream,astrategythatisonlyusedinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Futurerivertrainingstrategy:Wideriverornarrowriver?2.MethodOnedimensional(1D)andthreedimensional(3D)numericalmodelswereusedtodiscussthemethodsoftheabovemeasures,andthelowerYellowRiverrespondedtobothtrainingstrategies.3.ConclusionIfthepresenttrendofdecreasingbothwaterandsedimentloadsustains,reductioninsedimentationintheLYRisexpectednomatterwhatstrategyisadopted.ThenarrowrivertrainingcanleadtolessdepositionormoreerosioncomparedtothewiderivertrainingintheLYR,andincreasethesedimenttransportcapacity.

Iftheincomingwatersedimentconditionrecoverstothemeanleveloflastcentury,thebehaviorofchannelshrinkagewilloccurandbankfulldischargewilldegradeforbothwideandnarrowrivertrainingstrategies.Thenarrowrivertrainingwillaggravatethe"humpdeposition"inthetransitionalreachandfurtherworsenthesituationthere.

WeshouldholdacautiousattitudetowardschangesinrivertrainingstrategyfortheLYR.

Keywords:Wideriver;Narrowriver;TheYellowRiver;Numericalmodels·31·

FishConservationintheUpperYangtze    RiverunderLargeHydropower

Development

     QiuwenChen

      NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute

Abstract

1.BackgroundHydraulicengineeringforwaterresourcesandhydropowercurrentlyfacetwochallenges:Ecoenvironment,geologicaldisasters.Amongthem,fishconservationisachallengingtopicinhydroengineering.2.FishoverbarriermeasuresFishoverbarrierexperimentisbasedoncomputervisualizationandRadioFrequencyIdentification,obtainthepositionandcorrespondingflowcondition,establishtherelationbetweenfishbehaviorandhydrodynamiccondition.Fishoverbarrierdesignisdependingonselfmotivationswimparameters,determinethemaximumvelocityandthelengthofhighvelocityzoneforverticalfishslot,addingarasterfishguidefacility3.EcologicalflowforfishhabitatWithregardtofishhabitatpreferenceexperiments,theresultsofthepaperindicatethatjuvenilefishermenintheYangtzeRivernaturehaveapreferenceforblackmatrixevolutionduringthedayandnight.Damlikelycausedamajorbehavioralchangebyjuveniles.4.FishhabitatrestorationHistorichabitatrestorationistherestorationofthespawninggroundbythereleaseofrehabilitatedfish.

Keywords:Fishoverbarriermeasures;Fishhabitat;Fishoverbarrier

·41·

AViewTowardtheFutureof  SubsurfaceHydrologicscience

     TianChyiJimYeh

Abstract

1.BackgrandThefutureofsubsurfacehydrologicscienceneedtoPrincipleofParsimony,butthePrincipleofParsimonyisnotjustamatterofsimplicity,itmustachievetheaccuracyoftherequirements.Thefuturedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyofgroundwatershouldfocusonhowtoseefurtherandmoresophisticated.2.MethodFirstly,groundwaterscienceresearchiscarriedoutfromtheperspectiveofsmallscale(SmallScale)problem.Usinghydraulictomographyscanningtechnology,combinedwithalargenumberofpressuredataseriesandthegeographicalinformationobtainedintheearlystage,thedetailedlinear3DdistributionofhydrauliccharacteristicsisobtainedbyusingthecontinuouslinearestimationmethodofYeh.Then,fromthebasin(watershed)scale,theeffectsofhighenergynaturalstimuliongroundwaterforcecharacteristicswerestudiedbyriverwaterpressurescanning,lightningscanningandseismicscanning.3.NewChallengesWhenstudyingthefuturedevelopmentofgroundwaterscience,therewillbemanynewchallenges,suchaswhatinformationisuseful,theproblemofinformationoverloadincludingsmartsimulation,datamanagement.Realtimeinformationprocessingandsmartsensordeploymentandmanagementisveryimportant.

Keywords:Subsurfacehydrologic;SmallScaleProblems;Tomography;Hydraulictomography

·51·

HydrologicalProcessesandTheir  Modeling

        MinjiaoLu

Abstract

Throughthedescriptionofthehydrologicalcycle,thecalculationofthefloodpeakflow,thecalculationoftheflowprocessline,howtheexcesssaturationrunoffisproduced,andthecomparisonofthesuperosmoticflowandthefullflowflowdescribethehydrologicalmodel.Thenbasedontheexistinghydrologicalmodel,byintroducingnewrainfallproportionalparametersandevaporationproportionalparameters,revealingthemathematicalrelationshipbetweenthedecaycoefficientandtime,andoptimizingtheXinanjiang(XAJ)hydrologicalmodel.Finally,acalibrationfreeXin'anjianghydrologicalmodelisproposed.

Keywords:Hydrologicalmodeling;Floodpeakflow;XinAnJiang(XAJ)Model

·61·

GroundwaterResourcesandEnvironmentinQaidamBasin

       XueyaDang

Abstract

1.BackgrandTheQaidam BasinisthethirdlargestaridbasininChina.Ithasaridclimate,rareprecipitation,fragileecologicalenvironmentandeconomicbackwardness.However,thebasinisrichinmineralresourcesandenergy,anditseconomicvalueishuge.Developmentandutilizationareinevitablechoicesforpovertyalleviation.Facedwiththeconstraintsofwatershortageandenvironmentalpollution,constructionanddevelopmentmusttaketheroadofcirculareconomy.2.ProblemsandprogressThespatialandtemporaldistributionofsurfacewaterinthebasinisuneven,andthewatersupplyguaranteerateisnothighenoughtofullymeettheneedsofdevelopmentandconstruction.AccordingtotheactualgeologicalconditionsandprecipitationconditionsintheQaidamBasin,theQuaternaryporewaterisconsideredtobethemostsignificantgroundwaterresource.Avarietyofdeploymentshavebeenmadetoaddresstheissues,includingwaterresourcesandenvironmentalconditionssurveysandscientificresearchatkeyscales,watersheds,andbasins.TheamountofsurfacewaterresourcesunderdifferentabundanceanddryconditionsintheplainareaoftheQaidamBasinandtheaverageannualwaterresourceswereobtained,andtheQuaternaryhydrogeologicalstructureandgroundwateroccurrenceconditions,enrichmentandevolutionlawswereidentified.Finally,therelationshipbetweenvegetationandgroundwaterisrevealed,andthethresholdofgroundwaterformaintainingnaturalvegetationisproposed,whichrevealstheimpactofclimatechangeandengineeringactivitiesonQaidamwaterresourcesandenvironment.3.OutlookItisnecessarytocarryoutresearchonthecoordinatedutilizationandoptimalallocationofsurfacewaterandgroundwater,carryoutmonitoringandearlywarningofdynamicchangesofglacierandfrozensoilinthebasinmountains,carryoutdeepexploration,andsolvetherelationshipbetweengroundwaterandsaltlakebrine.

Keywords:TheQaidamBasin;Quaternaryporewater;Groundwater·71·

SedimentTransportLawandWaterway  RegulationTechnologyintheThree 

GorgesReservoir

      ShengfaYang

Abstract

1.IntruductionThebalanceofsedimentationinthereservoirareaoftheThreeGorgesReservoiris16billionm3,andtheshoalwasimpededintheperennialandvariablebackwaterareas.SuspendedsedimentationoccursinthebackwaterareaoftheThreeGorges,withahighsiltationrateandafinegrainsize,whichhasimpededthephenomenonofshoal.2.InnovationAccordingtothenewsedimentproblemaftertheactualoperationoftheThreeGorgesReservoir,thedynamicsedimentationmechanismofthepebblebedinthefluctuatingbackwaterareaoftheThreeGorgesReservoir,therapidsiltationmechanismofthesiltinthebackwaterareaandtheThreeGorgesReservoirunderthenewwaterandsedimentconditionswerestudied.Sedimenttransporttrendsandothersedimenttransportlaws,includingthepredictionofchannelconstructionconditions,dynamicsiltationshoalremediation,sharpbendtillersiltshoalremediationtechnologyandenvironmentalprotectiondredginginthereservoirarea,andotherthreeGorgesreservoirchannelremediationtechnologies.3.ApplicationTheseachievementstechnologieshaveexertedgreatvalue.Finally,theyhavebeenappliedtothenavigationprojectfortheobstructionoftheThreeGorgesreservoirarea,the4.5mwaterwayconstructionprojectfromChongqingtoFuling,thewaterwayconstructionprojectfromJiulongpotoChaotianmenintheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverandthemaintenanceoftheHuanghuachengchannelintheThreeGorgesreservoirarea.

Keywords:TheThreeGorgesReservoir;Sedimenttransport;Channelmaintenance

·81·

ModelingHydrodynamicandMorphodynamicProcessesinCoastsandEstuariesDuetoTropicalCyclones

YanDing

U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers

Abstract

Incoastsandestuaries,tropicalcyclones(hurricanesortyphoons)cancausehazardousflooding,inundation,andshorelineerosionduetohighwaves,stormsurges,strongcurrents,andrainfallgeneratedriverfloodflows.Assessmentofhazardsincoastsandestuariesduetocyclonesrequiresaccuratepredictionsofhydrodynamicandmorphodynamicprocessesvaryinginspaceandtime.Fullyintegratedcoastalandoceanicprocessesmodelsarethemostadequateassessmenttoolsforfulfillingthosemultipleengineeringpurposesforcoastalhazardousstormmanagementandplanning.Thispaperpresentsanumberofengineeringapplications(casestudies)forsedimentationmanagement,coastalfloodingprotection,andimpactofstructureinstallationincoasts,rivermouths,andestuariesbyusingintegratedcoastalandoceanicprocessesmodels.Usingthiskindoffullycoupledfluvial,estuarine,andcoastalprocessesmodelsenablestoproducehighfidelitysimulationresultsofwaves,tides,stormssurges,riverflows,sedimenttransport,andmorphologicalchangesincoastsandestuarieswhichhavecomplexgeometryandinfrastructures.

Keywords:Coastalprocessesmodeling;Waves;Sedimenttransport;Morphologicalchange;CoastalandEstuaryMan

YanDing  U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineersEmail:ding@ncche.olemiss.edu

·91·

ModelingSedimentPathwaysAroundanInlet

HonghaiLi,KevinHodgens,KellyLegault

USACE

Abstract

1.IntroductionFortPierceInletislocatedontheeasternFloridacoastofUSA,about180kmnorthofthecityofMiami,andtheinletconnectstheIntracoastalWaterway(ICW)totheAtlanticOceanthrougharegularlymaintainednavigationchannel(Figure1).Underthecombinedinfluenceofoceanwavesandtidalcurrent,andtheinteractionsbetweentheinletstructureandcoastalprocesses,theinletsystemexperienceschangesinlongshoresandtransportpathwaysandrates,whichrequiresvigorousevaluationsofchannelconditionsanddredgedmaterialplacementforfuturenavigationoperationandmaintenanceplanning,andsedimentmanagement.2.MethodTheCoastalModelingSystem(CMS)wereselectedforwave,hydrodynamic,andsedimenttransportsimulations(Linetal.2008;Sanchezetal.2011).Themodelresultswerecalibratedandvalidatedusingthesurveydata.Byperformingsedimentmapping,evaluatinglocalsedimenttransportandmorphologicalchange,andsimulatingtheprocessofsedimenttracerreleaseandmovement,sedimenttransportpathwayswereinvestigatedundercombinedwave,hydrodynamic,andatmosphericforcingconditionsaroundtheinletsystem.3.SedimenttracerstudyandmodelconfigurationSandtracerreleaseandsamplingprogramwasdesignedandimplementedbyEnvironmentalTracingSystems(ETS).250kgofsandtracerwerereleasedonthebeachesnorthandsouthoftheinlet,respectively,and200kginsidetheinlet.Grabsamplesaroundtheinletandnearshoreareaswerecollected4045daysafterthetracerreleases.Samplinganalysiswascarriedouttoobtaintracerparticleinformationandtoaccesspotentialtracertransportpathways.

ACMSFlowdomainisestablishedsurroundingFortPierceInlet,coveringtheICWandtheopenocean,andextendsapproximately12kmalongshoreand14kmacrossshore(Figure1).Atelescopinggridsystemwithmorethan75,000gridcellsiscreatedtodiscretizetheentirecityandthenearshoreregion.Thegridsystempermittedmuchfinerresolution(20m)inareasofhighinterestsuchastheinlet.TheCMSWavemodelingwasperformedonavariablerectangulargridcoveringthesameareaastheCMSFlow.Thewavegridconsistsof217×178

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cellswithaminimumcellspacingof18m.4.ResultsThecalculatedresultsandthemeasuredsedimenttracerdataindicatethatthetracerreleasedonthebeachestendstomovealongtheshoreandveryloworzeroconcentrationsoftracerarefoundintheoffshorearea.Thesandtracerreleasedinsidetheinletwasnotseenoutsidetheinlet.Althoughtsometracerwasidentifiedintheseaward(eastern)endoftheinlet,noclearnorthernorsouthernlongshoremovementcouldbedetermined.

Keywords:Numericalmodeling;Sedimenttransport;Sedimenttracer;Hydrodynamics;Waves;Coastalinlet

HonghaiLi  USACEEmail:honghai.li@usace.army.mil

·12·

ResearchonNavigationobstructionReasonofSandyPebbleReachDownstreamof

ThreeGorgesProject

MingLi,MingXu

ChangjiangWaterwayInstituteofPlanningandDesignandResearch

Abstract

Foralongtime,navigationobstructioncharacteristicinLujiahewaterwaywas“shallowwater,steeperwatersurfacegradient,andlargeflowvelocity”inmiddleShaHong.Inpresentyears,itis“steeperwatersurfacegradientandlargeflowvelocity”inMaojiahuawushallowgrooveandshallowwaterinfrontedgeofSanninghuagong.CharacteristicsofLujiahewaterwayriverbedscouringandsilting,hydrodynamicconditionsandshoalcompositionareanalyzedbyprototypedataanalysismethod.Theresultsshowedthat:(1)scouringoflowersandyriverbedleadstoincreasingofwaterheightinuppersandypebblereach.Itisprimaryfactorfortheformationof“steeperwatersurfacegradientandlargeflowvelocity”phenomenon;(2)pebblebedload,whichproducedbyscouringinMaojiahuawushallow groove,depositsinfrontedgeofSanninghuagong,whereriverwidthisrelativelywideandmeanflowvelocityissmaller.ThesedimentaccumulationsqueezesnavigationgrooveandnavigationdimensionsofLujiahewaterway.

Keywords:Navigationobstructionreason;Sandypebblereach;Lujiahewaterway

MingLi  ChangjiangWaterwayInstituteofPlanningandDesignandResearchEmail:84657659@qq.com

·22·

InvestigationofHydrodynamicsAroundaTidalStreamTurbineUndertheWavecurrentInteraction

JiekangGu1,JishengZhang1,RishengWang2

1.HohaiUniversity2.ShandongJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Physicalmodeltestswerecarriedouttoinvestigatethecharacteristicsoftheflowfieldandthedynamicpropertiesoftheturbineinthepresenceofsurfacewavesbycomparingwithsteadyflowcondition.

Athreebladedmodelofahorizontalaxistidalturbinewitharotordiameterof0.27mwasconnectedtosuperstructureandexposedtowaterflowwithasteadyuniformupstreamvelocity.Regularsurfacewavesweregeneratedusingapushtypewavemakercapableofproducingawiderangeofwaveconditionsinacurrentdominatedflow.Todeterminethefluctuationsinthecurrentvelocitiescausedbythesurfacewaves,anacousticdopplervelocimeter(ADV)wasusedtomeasurethethreedimensionalvelocitycomponentsatvariousdepths.Thrustdataweremeasuredbysixcomponentforcesensorfromtheturbineunderflowconditionswithdifferentwaveforms.Thecharacteristicsofwavecurrent,meanvelocitychanges,turbulentintensity,Reynoldsstressdistributionandstructureforceareconsideredinthemodeltests.

Theoverallrecoverylawofwakevelocityattherearofturbineunderthewavecurrentinteractionconditionisapproximatelythesameandisalittlebitdifferentfromthecaseofsteadyflowcondition.Theturbulenceintensityisnotsensitivetotheperiodicvariationofthewavebutismoresensitivetothechangesofwaveheight.Comparedwiththesteadyflowcondition,thetimemeanvalueoftheturbinethrustcoefficientdoesnotchangeunderthewavecurrentcondition,andonlythefluctuationrangeoftheturbinethrustcoefficientisaffected.

TherelationshipbetweenfrequencyandamplitudeisobtainedbyFouriervariationofthethrustcoefficient.Itcanbefoundthattheperiodicityofwavewillinfluencetheperiodicityofthrustcoefficientandtwoperiodsarethesame.Thehigherthewaveheight,thegreatertheamplitudecorrespondingtothepositionofthefrequencyextremum.

Keywords:Tidalstreamturbine;Wavecurrentinteraction;Hydrodynamics;Physicalmodeltest;Turbulentintensity

JiekangGu  HohaiUniversityEmail:gujiekang93@163.com

·32·

ResearchonMultiparameterMeasurementMethodofSelfpropelledShipModelBasedonImageTrackingand

RecognitionTechnology

JunWu,PeiyangShi,YuejieShu,YuanhangZhou

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Theselfpropelledshipmodeltestisanadvancedexperimentalresearchmethodtotestthenavigationeffectoftheshipinthehydraulic/hydraulicphysicalmodeltest.However,asthecurrentshiptrajectorymeasurementmethodislimitedtothelaserinplanescanning,andtheshipmodelneedstobemodified,whichhasacertaininfluenceonnavigationoftheship.Theimagetrackingandrecognitionmeasurementmethodisnotonlyanoncontactmeasurement,butalsobasicallyhasnoneedformodificationoftheshipmodel.Therefore,itisofgreatsignificancetocarryoutindepthresearchinthisfield.Aimingatpresentsituationofthevarioussizesofrivermodelsandthedifficultyinmonitoringtheentirerivermodelunderasinglevideoacquisitiondevice,aschemeisproposedforcombinedmeasurementwithanumberofvideoacquisitiondevices,andthedistortioncorrection,stitching,andcoordinatesmappingmethodoftheimagesarestudied.Fortheshipmodelstructure,theFasterRCNNalgorithmwithgoodperformanceintargetrecognitionisusedtodetecttheinitialpositionoftheshipmodel,andtheinterframedifferencemethodandtheFreemanchaincodeareusedtoextractthecoordinateinformationofthebowandstern,whichimprovetheaccuracyofshipmodelinformationacquisition.Verificationexperimentswereperformedonanumberofhydraulicandphysicalmodels.TheaccuracyrecallratecurveandaverageaccuracyobtainedfromthenetworkmodelprovedthevalidityoftheFasterRCNNnetworkmodelforshipmodeldetection.

Keywords:Selfpropelled Ship Model;Image Tracking;Combined measurement;Targetrecognition;Distortioncorrection

JunWu  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:195575462@qq.com

·42·

NumericalStudyontheNourishedBeachErosionMechanismunderStormImpacts

WenzhangFan,JinhaiZheng,ChiZhang

HohaiUniversity

Abstract

Beachnourishmentisoneofthemainmethodsusedtoprotectthebeach.However,nourishedbeachesusuallyhavesteeperslopewhichmakesitmorelikelytobeeroded,andoftenthebeachsurfacesaremildwhichmakesthebeachesmoreavailableforinundationandalsoerosion.Stormisakindofnormalnaturaldisasterallovertheworldcoastalareas.Theinducedlargewavesandstormsurgescanleadtoabruptwaterlevelchange,transportingsignificantamountofsediments,whichwillconsequentlyimpactthebeachmorphologyinashorttime.Thusitisofgreatsignificancetoputmoreeffortintothestudyonthenourishedbeacherosionmechanismunderstormimpacts.

Thisarticle,choosingthenourishedbeachinWeifangastheresearchcase,studiesthecausingandimpactingfactorsofthenourishedbeacherosionwithinhalfayearusingnumericalsimulation.TwodimensionwavecurrentsedimentintegratedmodelissetupbyXBeachtosimulatetherevolutionofthenourishedbeachinWeifang.Byadoptingdifferentwavecalculationmodesunderdifferentwaveconditions,thecalculationefficiencyofXBeachoverseveralmonths’timescaleiseffectivelyimproved.Thesimulatingresultsareverifiedbyfieldsurveydata.Thecharacteristicsandcausingfactorsofthebeacherosionareanalyzedindetail.Itrevealsfromtheresultsthatstormisthemaincauseofthebeacherosion,andmostofthesedimentsaretransportedtotheoffshoreareawhilepartialofthemmovetothewestofthebeach.Inordertostudytheimpactofbreakwatersonerosion,initialnourishedbeachwithwestbreakwateronlyandwitheastbreakwateronlyaresimulated.Asimulationwithoutinfragravitywavesisalsoconducted.Theresultindicatesthatbreakwaterscanonlypreventpartialsedimentlossratherthanthewholebeacharea,whileinfragravitywavesaresignificantcausesinthestormthatcontributetothebeacherosion.

Tosimulatetheimpactofstormclustersonerosionofthenourishedbeach,simulationsofbeacherosionundernonstormcondition,firstsingleandsecondsinglestormconditionareconducted.Theresultsshowthatthevolumeofbeacherosionisreducedbynearly20%regardlessofthefirststorm,nearly50% regardlessofthesecondstorm,andnearly80% when

·52·

bothstormsarenottakenintoaccount.Besides,biggerstormintervalhassmallerimpactonthebeacherosion.Theeffectsofoffshoreartificialsandextractionontheerosionareexploredbyfillinginthedeeptroughintheinitialterrain.Theresultsshowthatoffshoreartificialextractionofsandincreasesthebeacherosionby7.5%.Anartificialsandbaristhensetintheprevioustroughareainthesimulation,andprovedtohavegoodeffectsoninhibitingbeacherosionbydecreasing20%.

Keywords:Storm;Beachnourishment;Beacherosion;Numericalsimulation

WenzhangFan  HohaiUniversityEmail:479317247@qq.com

·62·

TheResidualSedimentTransportResponsetoHugeNavigationChannelEngineeringandItsImpactonSiltinginNavigationChannel

inChangjiangEstuary

GaofengLiu

ShanghaiEstuarineandCoastalScienceResearchCenter

Abstract

1.IntroductionThereversingcurrentisformedduetotideinanestuary.Thewaterormaterialconveyedbycurrentmoveduetoperiodiccurrentandcan’treturntothesameplaceafterasymmetricaltransport.Thedriftofwaterormaterialisresidualtransport(Zhu.,2005;Wu.,2006).Thematerialresidualtransportfluxisthemostconcernedscienceproblem.TheconcernofresidualcurrentwasadvancedbasedonthewaterresidualtransportandwasputforwardbyZimmerman(1981).Theresidualsedimenttransportshowdifferentpatternafterdifferentphaseofthehugedeepwaternavigationchannel(DNC)inChangjiangestuary.2.MethodologyResidualsedimentfluxcanbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingequation,where,Fcisresidualsedimentflux,cissuspendedsedimentconcentration(SSC);Tisthetidalperiodofthetidalcurrent;Histhewaterdepth,Distherelativedepth,Visthehorizontalcomponentofvelocity.Thepatternofresidualsedimenttransportbyvariousmechanismwasinvestigatedbyavalidated3dimensionsedimenttransportmodelEcom3DsiSed.3.ResultsThepatternofresidualsedimentfluxbeforeDNCisshowninFigure1.ThepatternofresidualsedimentfluxaftertheDNCisshowninFigure2.

TheresidualsedimentfluxisseawardnotonlyatupestuarybutdownestuaryofmouthbarbeforetheDNC,whilethatisseawardatupestuaryofmouthbarbutlandwardatdownestuaryofmouthbar.Themeetingpointisidenticaltotheheaviestsiltingareainnavigationchannel.Theresidualsedimentfluxisaconvergencepatternovermouthbar.4.ConclusionsThepatternsofresidualsedimentfluxbeforeandaftertheDNCwereinvestigatedbyavalidatedsedimentmodelEcom3DsiSed.Thestudyresultsshowthattheresidualsedimentfluxinmain

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channelisseawardalongtheNorthPassagebeforetheDNCwhilethatisseawardatupestuaryofmouthbarbutlandwardatdownestuaryofmouthbarafterDNC.Theconvergencepatternofresidualsedimentfluxconducetotheheavysiltinginthemiddleofdeepwaterchannel.

Keywords:Theresidualsedimenttransport;Convergencepattern;Hugenavigationchannelengineering

GaofengLiu  ShanghaiEstuarineandCoastalScienceResearchCenterEmail:gfliu@163.com

·82·

ImpactbyOverturningWavesonaCoastalStructure

BingyueSong1,ChongweiZhang2

1.DepartmentofElectricPowerEngineering,KunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnology2.StateKeyLaboratoryofCoastalandOffshoreEngineering,DalianUniversityofTechnology

Abstract

Impactbyvarioustypesofwaveshasbeenstudiedsince1930s.Thesituationwithanaircavityentrappedbetweentheincomingwaveandthestructurehasdrawnspecialattentiongiventheprominentroleitplaysontheimpactdynamics.Thiscouldhappenwheneitheranoverturningwavestrikesaverticalwalloranovertoppingwavefronthitsthetopofastructure.Inthecurrentstudy,theprocessofimpactbyanoverturningwaveonaverticalwallisstudiednumericallywithBoundaryElementMethod(BEM)basedonthepotentialflowtheory.Totacklethenumericaldifficultycausedbytheinitialimpactstagewhenthewavefronttouchesthewallfromonepoint,amultiscalealgorithmisproposedbasedonastretchedcoordinatesystem.Inthisway,boththeinitialimpactstageofthelocalimpactregiononthewallandthefollowingwater/air/wallinteractionprocesscouldbesimulatedwithhighaccuracy.Fortheformer,localpressurepeaksareobservedalongthewallneartheturningpointsofthefreesurface.Forthelater,pressureoscillationhappensalongwiththepulsationoftheaircavityastheimpactgoeson.Interestingphenomenonofperiodicinnerfreejestsisobservedtobegeneratedfromtheuppersideofthecavitysurfacenearthewallduringitspulsation.Thiscouldshedlightonthemechanismofthebreakupoftheaircavity,andcouldbewellexplainedbythedistributionofthepressurefieldattheendofeachexpansionstageoftheaircavity.Itisyettobeverifiedinfutureexperimentalstudies.

Keywords:Waveimpact;Aircavity;Multiscalealgorithm;Stretchedcoordinatesystem;Boundaryelementmethod;Potentialflow

BingyueSong  DepartmentofElectricPowerEngineering,KunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnologyEmail:Bingyue_song@163.com

·92·

ResearchonCalculationalMethodofRegulationParametersof

ProtectiveWaterwayRegulationProjects

LinshuangLiu,MingLi,LingJiang

ChangjiangWaterwayInstituteofPlanningandDesignandResearch

Abstract

Thetraditionalwaterwayregulationparametertheoryismainlybasedonthetheoryof“sandscouringbyflowcontraction”,whichisnotverypracticalinriverchannelswithlargeflow,highvelocityandcomplicatedriverbedsections.Thiswork,basedontheconceptof“benchlandprotectionandtroughstabilization”,characterizesprotectiveprojectsandproposestheconceptofregulationintensity.Relationsbetweenregulationlinewidths,configurationsofwaterwayregulationstructuresandregulationintensityarerevealed.Calculationmethodofregulationparametersisbuild,andappliedtoNianziwanwaterwayandTiaoguanWaterwayRegulationProjectinJingjiangriver.Theresultsshowthatprotectivewaterwayregulationengineeringsstabilizebenchlandmainlybysedimenttransportonthebenchland.ThenewregulationparametercalculationalmethodiswelladaptstocharacteristicofmiddleandlowerYangtzeriverunderthestrongscourtingcondition.

Keywords:Regulation parameters; ProtectiveWaterwayRegulation Projects; Regulationintensity

LinshuangLiu  ChangjiangWaterwayInstituteofPlanningandDesignandResearchEmail:liu1965888@163.com

·03·

ExperimentalStudyonErosionDamageofAnticorrosionCoating

LiqinZeng,MingweiLiu

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Duetoproblemssuchasshallowcoveranddeepwaterconstructioninmountainousrivers,thelowerpartofthepieradoptsmoreconcretefilledsteeltubularpiles.Thepilefoundationandverticalandhorizontalsupportsareheavilyusedinsteelstructures.Theanticorrosioncoatingofsteelmembersiserodedandwornbysandladenwater,andthereisalargerangeofshedding.Inviewofthelargeflowvelocityandsedimentconcentrationinmountainousrivers,thisarticlesimulatestheerosiontestinsteelcontainedflowenvironmentbyapplyinganticorrosioncoatingonsteelmembers,andstudiestheerosioncharacteristicsofsteelmembersanticorrosioncoatingundersandyflowconditions,theprocessofcoatingdamagewasanalyzedandtheerosiondamagemechanismwasobtained.Theresultsshowthat:(1)Theerosionlossoftheanticorrosioncoatingincreaseswiththeincreaseoftheerosionspeed,thecoatingerosionrateisexponentiallyrelatedtotheerosionvelocity,linearlyrelatedtotheerosiontime,andexponentiallyrelatedtotheerosionsedimentconcentration.(2)Thesurfacedamageofthecoatingshowstwomechanismsofparticlewearandfatiguedamage.(3)Thedamageofthecoatingsteelinterfaceismainlyreflectedintheweakeningoftheinterfacialbondstrength.Theweakeningprocessisroughlydividedintothreestages:“slowaccelerationslowdown”.Theresultsofthispaperprovideatheoreticalbasisforcorrosionprotectionofhydraulicsteelmembers.

Keywords:Mountainrivers;Steelmembers;Anticorrosioncoating;Erosiontest;Damagemechanism

LiqinZeng  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:22954255064@qq.com

·13·

AssessmentofWaveinducedLiquefactionDepthinaCohesiveSeabed

LinlongTong1,2,JinhaiZheng1,2,JishengZhang1,2,YongSungPark3

1.CollegeofHarbor,CoastalandOffshoreEngineering,HohaiUniversity2.StateKeyLaboratoryofHydrologyWaterResourcesandHydraulicEngineering,HohaiUniversity

3.DivisionofCivilEngineering,UniversityofDundee

Abstract

Liquefactiondepthisoneoftheimportantfactorsforpredictingthestabilityofmarinestructuresintheseabed.Manystudieshavebeencarriedouttoevaluatetheliquefactionpotentialoftheseabedinthepastdecades.However,mostofthemfocusonpredictingtheliquefactiondepthatcertainwaveconditionandpaylittleattentiontothepostliquefactionstage.

Inthisstudy,welayemphasisonassessingtheliquefactiondepthinapostliquefactioncohesiveseabed.Twoanalyticalmethods,oneforlongprogressivewavesandtheotheroneforshortprogressivewaves,arepresentedtoevaluatetheliquefactiondepthbyinverselyusingthetheoriespurposedbyLiu&Chan(J.FluidMech.vol.579,2007,p.467,hereinafterreferredtoasLC)andMeietal.(J.FluidMech.vol.643,2010,p.33,hereinafterreferredtoasMK).Inthesemethods,theinteractionbetweenthewaveandtheliquefiedlayerarestudiedbyatwolayeredfluidsystem.Usingasetofperturbationmethods,theimplicitsolutionsoftheliquefactiondeptharederived,bywhichtheliquefactiondepthcanbefastcalculatedbasedonthewavedamping.Tovalidatethepresentmethods,aseriesofexperimentsarecarriedoutinawaveflume,inwhichsoftsiltisadoptedtomodelthecohesiveseabed.Duringtheexperiments,obviouswavedampingandsoilliquefactionphenomenahavebeenobserved.Thefreesurfaceelevationandtheexcessporepressurearesynchronouslymeasuredtoinvestigatethewavedampingrateandliquefactiondepth,respectively.Analysisshowsthattheexperimentalresultsagreewellwiththetheoreticalsolutionswhentheseabedisliquefied,whichdemonstratesthatthepresentmethodhasastrongabilityinassessingtheliquefactiondepthinacohesiveseabed.Inaddition,theanalyticalmethodbasedonLCperformsbetterthantheotherwhichisbasedonMK,iftheseabedisnotliquefiedortheliquefactiondepthisverysmall.

Keywords:Liquefaction;Viscousdamping;Progressivewaves;Softsilt;Bottomboundarylayer

LinlongTong  CollegeofHarbor,CoastalandOffshoreEngineering,HohaiUniversityEmail:tonglinlongnanj@163.com

·23·

ModelingStudyonHydrodynamicsofHorizontalAxisTidalStreamTurbine

ZihaoTang,YunxiuCao,JishengZhang

HohaiUniversity

Abstract

Tidalstreamenergyhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantrenewableenergiesduetoitsrichresource,reliableprediction,andeasyextracting.Formorereasonablelayoutofturbinesandbetterutilizationoftidalcurrentenergy,itismeaningfultostudythehydrodynamicsaroundtheturbine.

Thispaperfocusedontheexperimentandthenumericalsimulationtoinvestigatethehydrodynamicsofthesinglehorizontalaxisturbineunderthesingleflowcondition.Thestudyshowstheturbinespeeddifferences,waterlevelvariety,verticalandhorizontalvelocitydistributionwithdifferentinletvelocityandturbineinstallationheight.Thereare3typicalinletvelocities(0.3m/s,0.35m/s,0.4m/s)and3differentturbineinstallationheights(0.8D,1D,1.2D)choseninourstudy.

TheresultshowsthattheTurbinespeedispositivelycorrelatedwiththeinletflowvelocity,aswellastheinstallationheight.Furthermore,thestudyofwakeattenuationandaveragevelocityrestorationisalsoincluded.Obviously,theflowvelocitydecreasedbehindtheturbineduetotherestingsinglepileandtherotaryturbineblades.

Theexperimentrevealsthatthehighertheinstallationheight,thefastertheflowraterecoveryinalldirectionbehindturbine,andthefastertheincomingflow,thelongerthewakerecoverydistance.

Keywords:Tidalstreamenergy;Horizontalaxisturbine;Singleflowcondition;Hydrodynamic

ZihaoTang  HohaiUniversityEmail:tangzihao6611@foxmail.com

·33·

ResourceAssessmentofTidalStreamEnergyandResearchonLayoutOptimizationofTurbineArray

YaWang1,JishengZhang1,2,LinlongTong1,2

1.CollegeofHarbor,CoastalandOffshoreEngineering,HohaiUniversity2.StateKeyLaboratoryofHydrologyWaterResourcesandHydraulicEngineering,HohaiUniversity

Abstract

Tidalstreamenergy,animportantcomponentofmarinerenewableenergy,iseasyforpredictionandhasrichstorage.Atidalstreamturbineisadeviceforharnessingenergyfromtidalstream,andturbineslayoutisalwaysthehotfocuswhichdirectlyrelatedtoeconomicbenefitsoftidalfarm.Theresearchesonturbineslayoutaremainlyfocusedupontheartificialoptimizationsuchasnormalarrangementandstaggeredarrangement,whileafewstudiesdealtwiththeautomaticoptimization.Onedemonstrationprojectforexploringthetidalstream energyisrecentlylaunchedinZhoushanarea,China.Theresourceassessmentoftidalstreamenergy,thesiteselectionofthefarmandthelayoutoptimizationofturbinearrayareimportanttothesensibleexplorationoftidalstreamenergyinHuludaoSeaArea.

OpenTidalFarm(www.opentidalfarm.org)isacodewhichsolvestheshallowwaterequationsusingthefiniteelementmethod.Itisbuiltonacodegenerationframeworkwhichfacilitatesefficientcomputation,includingaccesstothegradientbyadjointlyapproach,andisspecificallydesignedfortheoptimizationofturbinemicrositing.ThisworkusestheOpenTidalFarmnumericalmodellingpackagetobuildthenumericalmodelbasedupontheZhoushanDemonstrationProject.Inthisstudy,thehydrodynamicmodelisestablishedintheseaareaofZhoushanTidalStreamEnergyDemonstrationProject,whichisbasedontheopensourcecodeOpenTidalFarmandverifiedbythemeasurementdata.

Basedonthesimulatedcurrentvelocities,theFarmmethod,FluxmethodandZhengmethodareappliedseparatelytoevaluatingthetidalstream energyresourcesofHuludaoWaterway,andthecorrespondingresultsare435MW,297MW and594MW.Afteracomprehensiveanalysisofthestreamvelocity,streamdirectionandwaterdepthofHuludaoWaterway,thesiteBisselectedasthetidalstreamenergyfarm.Inthismodel,thetidalstreamturbineisapproximatedbyalocallyincreasedbottom friction,andtheturbineslayoutisoptimizedbyiterativealgorithmandadjointmethod.Comparedwiththeinitialregularlayout,thepoweroftheoptimized2×2、4×2、2×6、6×2、3×4、4×3and4×4turbinesisincreased

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by1648%、1296%、4472%、308%、4312%、961% and911% respectively.Byanalyzingthehydrodynamicforce,itisfoundthatalargerangeoflowvelocityseaareaappearsintherearoftheturbinearray,witharangeofabout65D×30D.Withtheincreaseofthenumberofturbinesinfarm,thereductionofthevelocityintherearareaofthearrayisgreaterandthevelocitycanberestoredtomorethan90% oftheoriginalvelocityofflow.Additionally,thewaterlevelappearstobehighbeforethearrayandbeginstofellsharplyafterthearray.Therelativewaterlevelisminimumat245Dandcanberecoveredtomorethan96% withincreasingdistancetoarray.

Numericalresultsareingoodagreementwiththefieldmeasurementsintermsofamplitudeandvelocity.Withfixedtotalnumberofturbines,automaticallyoptimizedturbineslayoutcancontributetoahigherelectricitypowercomparedtoalignedlayout.

Keywords:Tidalstream turbine;Numericalsimulation;Resource assessment;Layoutoptimization;Wakeflowfield

YaWang  CollegeofHarbor,CoastalandOffshoreEngineering,HohaiUniversityEmail:819969182@qq.com

·53·

InfluenceofSoilResistanceDampingonStandingWaveinducedPorePressureAccumulation

CanZhang1,LinlongTong1,2,JishengZhang1,2,JinhaiZheng1,2

1.CollegeofHarbor,CoastalandOffshoreEngineering,HohaiUniversity2.StateKeyLaboratoryofHydrologyWaterResourcesandHydraulicEngineering

Abstract

Itiswellknownthatwavepropagatingovertheporousseabedwillgenerateoscillatorywaterpressure,whichultimatelyresultsinchangesoftheporepressureandeffectivestressintheseabed.Inthesituationwhentheincidentwaveislarge,theexcessporepressurecanincreasedramaticallywhichmayleadtothesoilliquefaction.

Inthisstudy,atwodimensionalporoelastoplasticmodel,whichconsiderstheinfluenceofsoilresistance,isproposedtoinvestigatetheaccumulationofporewaterpressureinasandybed.ThestandingwavemotionisgovernedbytheRANSequationsandtheresidualporepressureissimulatedusingamodifiedaccumulationmodel.ThecomputationaldomainanddimensionsizesofthisnumericalstudyareshownintheFig1.Thepropertiesofthesimulationsystem,includingtheincidentwaveandtheseabed,arelistedinTable1.

Thesimulationresultsshowthattheresidualporepressureaccumulatesrapidlyatthenodeandslowlyattheantinode.Andtheresidualporepressureatthenodewillkeepgrowthuntilitreachesalargevalue,whichalmostequalstotheinitialverticaleffectivestress.Itislogicallythattheliquefactionislikelytooccuraroundthenodeduetothediminishingoftheeffectivestress.Thedecreaseofsoilresistanceledbytheliquefactionhasgreateffectonthedevelopmentoftheresidualporepressure.

Thesimulationdemonstratesthatifthedecreaseofsoilresistanceisnotconsidered,theresidualporepressureintheliquefactionzonecanfurtheraccumulatetoalargevalue.Becauseofthedownwardpressuregradientwhichpreventstheporewaterseepageupwardgenerates,thesoilinthenonliquefactionzoneismorelikelytobeliquefied.Thismeansthatthesoilliquefactiondepthwillbeoverestimated,whenthesoilresistancedampingisnotconsidered.

Keywords:Residualporepressure;Shearmodulus;Liquefaction;Standingwave

CanZhang  CollegeofHarbor,CoastalandOffshoreEngineering,HohaiUniversityEmail:zhangcan6617@foxmail.com

·63·

ModelofWaveinducedSandySeabedResponseAroundaTrenchedPipeline

YanyanZhai

HohaiUniversity

Abstract

Waveseabedpipelineinteractionhasbecomeoneofthemainconcernsofcoastalengineersandresearchers,asitmaylargelyaffecttheseabedinstabilityandpipelinesafety.Muchefforthasbeenmadebymanyinvestigatorstostudythewaveseabedpipelineinteractioninthepastdecades.However,mostofthemfocusonthewaveinducedresponsearoundasubmarinepipelineonburiedconditionswithinnumericalmodelandlaboratoryexperiments.Unlikethepreviousstudies,aseriesofregularwaveexperimentandnumericalmodelhavebeendonetoinvestigatethewaveinducedporepressureinthesandyseabedaroundpipelinewithdifferentbackfilleddepth.Figure1showsthespecificlocationsintheexperimentandFigure2presentsthewaveseabedtrenchedpipelineinteractioninthenumericalmodel.Themodelpipelinewiththreediameters(D=6cm,8cm,10cm)isburiedinthreekindsofsands,includingd50=0.15mm,d50=0.3mmandd50=0.5mmwithdifferentbackfilleddepth.TheresultsshowtheporepressureamplitudeintheseabedisminimalwithbackfilleddepthD,andwhichwithfullbackfillorbackfilleddepth0ismaximal.Theamplitudeofporepressureincreasesasthemediandiameterofbackfillsandincreases.Theeffectsofpipelinediameteronporewaterpressurearealsoanalyzedanddiscussed.

Keywords:Waveseabedpipelineinteractions;Sandyseabed;Backfilleddepth;Backfillsoiltype

YanyanZhai  HohaiUniversityEmail:1278983684@qq.com

·73·

NumericalStudyonEffectofHubandSupportStructureonPerformanceofHorizontalAxisTidalTurbine

SiyuanLiu,JishengZhang

HohaiUniversity

Abstract

Tidalstreamenergyhasgainedmoreandmoreattentionbecauseofitsenvironmentalprotection,highpredictabilityandhighpowerdensitieswhenthepressureofenvironmentandenergyresourceissevererandseverer.Thehorizontalaxistidalturbine(HATT)isoneofthematurestandmosteconomicalmachinesusedtogettidalstreamenergy,whichhascapturedmajorityofmarketfortidalstreamconversion.ButthereislittleattentiongiventoeffectofthesupportstructureontheperformanceoftheHATTs,whichiscalledTowerShadowforwindpower.Andfewpausetonoticethattheimprovementofthehubmayleadtotheincreaseofpowerefficient.

Basedonopensource3D CFD (ComputationalFluidDynamics)softwarepackageOpenFOAM,asimulationmodelwasestablishedtostudytheeffectofthehubandthesupportstructureontheperformanceoftheHATT.ThemodelwasvalidatedbasedontheexperimentdonebyBahajetal.in2007(RENEWABLEENERGY.2007,32(3):407426.),Fig.1showthecomparisonbetweenthesimulationresultandtheexperimentdata.Toblockouttheinfluenceofscaleeffects,afullscaleHATTof20mdiameterwhichbladesweredevelopedfromtheprofileshapeofNACA63A818wasdesigned,itisshowninFig.2.Themeshindependence,prismlayerthicknessindependenceandtimestepindependencewerestudied.8kindsofsectionshapesofthesupportstructureand4kindsofdistancesbetweenthe

supportstructureandtherotatingplaneweresimulated,andtheturbinewithoutsupportstructurewasconsideredascontrolgroup.Theresultsshowthatthedistanceandthesectionshapewillaffectpowerefficientandthrustefficientobservablyespeciallywhentheturbineisbackwardtothetidalflow.6kindsofshapesofhubwerestudied.TheresultsshowthatconventionalshapesofhubhavealmostnoeffectontheperformanceoftheHATT,butanewkindofhubwillresultinincreaseofpowerefficient.

Keywords:Hub;Supportstructure;Horizontalaxistidalturbine;Performance

SiyuanLiu  HohaiUniversityEmail:zglsyuan@gmail.com

·83·

ResearchProgressintheInfluenceofWaterLevelFluctuationsontheNavigationSafetyofShipsintheEntranceAreaoftheApproachChannel

YunliWang1,NanZhang2

1.SoutheastHydraulicInstituteforWaterways,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Forsomelargescalehydraulicprojectswithdailyregulationfunction,duetoabigdischargevariationinaveryshorttime,theflooddischargefromthereleasesluicesandthedailyregulationofthehydropowerstationeasilycausealargefluctuationinthewaterlevelintheentranceareaoftheapproachchannel,whichseriouslythreatensthenavigationsafetyofshipspassinginandoutoftheapproachchannel.Thispaperanalyzedtheformationmechanismofwaterlevelfluctuationsintheentranceareaofthedownstreamapproachchannel,summarizedtheresearchmethodsandtheprogressesofthenavigationwaterflowconditions,andfinallyproposedtheparametersofshipnavigationsafetyindicators,whichareofgreatimportancetodesignareasonableoperationmodeforahydraulicprojectinordertoensurethenavigationsafetyofships.

Keywords:Theentranceareaoftheapproachchannel;Waterlevelfluctuation;Safetynavigationofship;Research

YunliWang  SoutheastHydraulicInstituteforWaterways,ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:1649591194@qq.com

·93·

ExperimentalInvestigationofWaveinducedPorePressureResponsearoundTwinPipelines

intheFinesandySeabed

FangshuQian1,JialinZhao1,2,JishengZhang1,2,DongyingDai1,XinglinWei1

1.CollegeofHarbor,CoastalandOffshoreEngineering,HohaiUniversity2.StateKeyLaboratoryofHydrologyWaterResourcesandHydraulicEngineering,HohaiUniversity

Abstract

Submarinepipelinesarewidelyusedinmarineengineering,sotheirpotentialinstabilityduetowaveinducedliquefactioninaporousseabedmustbeconsideredinthedesignandinstallation.Manyexperimentalandtheoreticalinvestigationshavebeencarriedouttostudythesoildynamicsaroundthepipelinesinthepastdecades.However,mostofthemfocusonsinglepipelineignoringtheinteractionsbetweenthetwinpipelines.

Inthisstudy,aseriesoflaboratoryexperimentsarecarriedouttoinvestigatethedistributionofthewaveinducedporepressurearoundthetwinpipelinesinafinesandyseabed,inwhich,boththeexcessporepressureandthefreesurfacearemeasured.Theeffectsofwaveperiods,burialdepthsandtheintervalspacingbetweenthepipelinesonthestabilityofpipelinesarediscussed.Comparedwiththesinglepipelineexperiment,theidenticalcylinderclosetotheexistingpipelinehassignificantimpactsonthedistributionofporewaterpressurearoundthepipelines.Theporewaterpressureincreaseswiththeincreasingofthewaveperiod,whiletheamplitudeofporepressuredecreaseswiththeincreasingoftheintervalspacingandtheburialdepth.

Keywords:Oscillatingporepressure;Twinpipelines;Sandyseabed;Propagatingwaves

FangshuQian  CollegeofHarbor,CoastalandOffshoreEngineering,HohaiUniversityEmail:1551212677@qq.com

·04·

NumericalStimulationoftheMovementofFishundertheInfluenceofFishBoneTypeDividingDike

YiLiu1,2,YongjunLu1,HuaixiangLiu1,TingjieHuang1,2

1.NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute2.HohaiUniversity

Abstract

Inthispaper,anumericalmodeloffishmovementinDongliuwaterwayhasbeenbuilt.Afishbonetypedividingdikehasbeenconstructedattheheadofriverislandsince2012.Thus,theflowandsedimentregimehasalsobeenchanged,whichhasdramaticallyimpactonthesuitabilityoffishtowaterdepthandvelocity.Consideringthespeedandsuitabilityoffish,themovementoffishhasbeencalculatedbeforeandaftertheengineering,andthedistributionfishhasbeenverifiedwithmeasureddata.Theresultsshowthatfishswitchtotheotherbranchduetothedike.

Keywords:Fishbonetypedividing;Suitability;Movementanddistributionoffish;Dongliuwaterway

YiLiu  NanjingHydraulicResearchInstituteEmail:yiliu08@163.com

·14·

TheStudyonInfluenceofWaterDepthontheFlowFieldCharacteristicsofHighPressureWaterJet

GuanbingXu1,2,ShengfaYang1,2,WeiYang1,2,XianglongWei3

1.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.NationalEngineeringResearchCenterforInlandWaterwayRegulation

3.SichuanUniversity

Abstract

Intheengineeringpracticeofusinghighpressurewaterjetstoremoveunderwaterreefs,waterdepthisanimportantcharacteristicvariablethataffectsconstructionefficiency.Inthispaper,themathematicalmodelwasusedtosimulatethedifferentworkingconditionsofhighpressurewaterjetunderwateroperationtoexploretheinfluenceofwaterdepthontheflowfieldcharacteristicsofthejet.Theresultsshowedthattheradialflowvelocitydistributionruleisdifferentunderdifferentwaterdepthconditions.The0meterswaterdepthattenuationistheslowest,20metersisthesecondandthe40metersdecaysthefastest.Thepresenceofwaterdepthwillcausetheaxialflowvelocitytodecayandthegreaterthewaterdepth,thegreatertheflowattenuation.Solvingthewaterdepthisofgreatsignificancetotheproblemofwaterjetimpactonrockefficiency.

Keywords:Highpressurewaterjet;Flowfieldcharacteristics;Waterwayregulation

GuanbingXu  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:237367310@qq.com

·24·

BSTEM BoatgeneratedWaveerosionModel:DevelopmentandApplications

YavuzOzeren1,AndrewSimon2,EddyLangendoen3

1.TheUniversityofMississippi2.NaturalResources&HealthSciencesDivision,Cardno

3.U.S.Dept.ofAgriculture,AgriculturalResearchService,NationalSedimentationLaboratory

Abstract

Boatgeneratedwavescanhavesignificantcontributiontobankerosionalonginlandstreamsandwaterways.Wavesgeneratedbythefrequentpassesofhighspeedboatsinshallowwaterwayscansubstantiallyincreaselocalvelocities,sedimentconcentration,andturbidity.Recurrentwaveactionalongcohesivebanksduetoboattrafficmaycausescouringthebasalregionsofstreambanks,contributingtosteepening,undercuttingandeventualcollapseoftheupperpartofthebankmass.InthisstudyaboatwaveerosionmodelisdevelopedwhichincorporatesaboatgeneratedwavepredictionmodelintothetoeerosionsubmodeloftheBankStabilityandToeErosionModel(BSTEM)oftheUSDAARS.Theboatwavesubmodelpredictsthemaximumwaveheightandperiodbasedontheboatspeed,boatgeometry,localwaterdepthanddistancetotheshoreline,andusingthepredictedwaveproperties,calculatesanadditionalshearstressthatisintermittentlyappliedonthebankface.LikethetoeerosionsubmodelwithinBSTEM,erosionforthetimestepisthencalculatedthroughanexcessshearapproachbasedonthecriticalshearstressofthesurficialsediments.Theerosionrateisintegratedwithrespecttotimetocalculatetheaverageerosiondistance.Thecombinedmodelwasthensuccessfullyappliedat25sitestopredictbankerosionovera15yearperiod.

Keywords:Boatwaves;Bankerosion;Waveerosion

YavuzOzeren  TheUniversityofMississippiEmail:yozeren@ncche.olemiss.edu

·34·

AnalyticalSolutionoftheMotionofaBoxoverFocusedWave

QingheFang,RongcanHong,AnxinGuo

HarbinInstituteofTechnology

Abstract

Theroguewavecancausecatastrophicdamagetomarineandcoastalstructures.Bythedispersivefocusingmethod,manyresearchersstudiedthekinematicsofthefocusedwaveanditsactiononstructures.Thispaperpresentsananalyticalmethodtothemotionofafloatingboxduringafocusedwavegroup.Theboundaryvalueproblemofthefloatingboxunderfocusedwaveissetupfirst,andtheanalyticalformulafortheproblemisderivedusingthematchingeigenfunctionmethod.Testdatafrom awaveflumeexperimentisusedtovalidatetheeffectivenessoftheanalyticalmodel.Withthevalidatedanalyticalmodel,theeffectofthestructuralconfigurationandpropertiesofthefocusedwavegrouparecarefullydiscussed.

Keywords:Analyticalsolution;Focusedwave;Motions;Eigenfunctionexpansion

QingheFang  HarbinInstituteofTechnologyEmail:qinghefang@hit.edu.cn

·44·

NumericalModelingofAlternativestoReduceChannelShoalingattheBolivarFlareoftheGulfIntracoastal

WaterwayinGalvestonBay,Texas

LihwaLin,ZekiDemirbilek,TriciaCampbell,PaulHamilton,SethJones

USArmyCorpsofEngineers

Abstract

ChannelshoalingintheGulfIntracoastalWaterway(GIWW)nearthejunctionwithHoustonShipChannel(HSC),Texas,issignificantattheBolivarFlare(Fig.1).TheGIWWBolivarFlare,locatedatthewestendofBolivarPeninsula,becomesasedimentationhotspotthatrequiresannualmaintenancedredgingforsafenavigation.SupportedbytheUSArmyCorpsofEngineers(USACE)RegionalSedimentManagementProgram,anumericalmodelingstudyispresentlyconducted toexploreinnovativesolutionstochannelshoalingand sedimentmanagementissues.TheGIWW sectionthroughGalvestonBaywasoriginallyauthorizedin1925.ItservesasanimportantcommercecorridorneartheintersectionofHSC,TexasCityShipChannel(TCSC),andGalvestonHarbor.TheGIWW istypically125ft(38m)wide,ashallowdraftchannel.Itwidensprogressivelyto300ft(92m)intheBolivarFlare.Theauthorizeddepthis13ft(4m)relativetoMeanSeaLevel.TheBolivarFlarechannelisdredgedonanannualbasiswithapproximately280,000cubicyards(214,000cubicmeters)removal.SedimentinGalvestonBayismixedwithincreasedpercentagesofsandneartheGalvestonEntranceChannelandfinermaterialintheGIWW andHSCawayfromtheBayEntrance.ThesedimentintheBolivarFlareandnearareaisrelativelysandywitharepresentativemediangrainsizeof0.1mm.

TheUSACECoastalModelingSystem(CMS)wasusedtosimulatethephysicalprocessesintheGalvestoncoastalandentirebayareaincludingGIWW,TCSC,HSC,andBolivarFlare.TheCMSisahydrodynamicandwavenumericalmodelwhichalsocalculatessedimenttransportandmorphologicchange(DemirbilekandRosati,2011).Themodelingwasconductedforoneyearsimulationof2010representingatypicalyearwithnormalenvironmentalconditions.WindandwaveforcingwasbasedondatafromNOAACoastalBuoy42035,located22nauticalmileseastofGalveston.Themodelwascalibratedusinginferredshoalingratesbasedonthehistoricaldredgingrecords(Townsendetal.2015).

·54·

ThreealternativeswereconsideredandsimulatedtohelpalleviateshoalingissueinBolivarFlare.Alterative1(Alt1)extendsthecontainmentstructurenortheastwardsofBolivarFlaretobetterconfinedisplacedmaterial.Alternative2(Alt2)consistsofasedimenttrapdredgedsouthoftheBolivarFlareintendedtointerceptsedimenttransportentertheBolivarFlare.Alternative3(Alt3)consistsofanewbreakwateralongthenorthsideofBolivarFlarechanneltointerruptsedimenttransportfrom GalvestonBay.Thesealternativesaresimulatedandcomparedtotheexistingconfiguration,notedasAlternative0(Alt0),i.e.,nophysicalchangesmadetothepresentBolivarFlare.Figure2showstheoneyearmorphologicalevolutionforeachsimulation.Thevolumetricchangeforoneyearsimulationwascomparedinsixchannelreaches(Fig.2).ModelingresultsindicatedAlts1and2provideonlysmallreductionofthesedimentshoalingrateinBolivarFlare.Alt3showsasubstantialreductionofthechannelshoalingrateinBolivarFlarebutincreasesthesedimentdepositinthelowerHSC.BecausethisincreaseofsedimentdepositoccursinmuchdeepersectionoftheHSC,itisnotconsideredasadversityofAlt3.However,alongerbreakwaterinAlt3wouldimpactvesseltrafficturningnorthtotheHSCfromtheBolivarFlare.Moremodelresultandcorrespondingvolumechangecomparisonofalternativeswereprovidedinthefullpaper.

Keywords:Numericalmodeling;Channelshoaling;GalvestonBay

LihwaLin  USArmyCorpsofEngineersEmail:Lin3204@att.net

·64·

TheStudyonEvolutionoftheMouthBarunderRunoffandWaveActionTogetherby

FlumeSectionModelTest

MenwuWu,LiYan,TianshengWu,ShiyouGao,XiaoleiTong

KeyLaboratoryofthePearlRiverEstuarineDynamicsandAssociatedProcessRegulation,MinistryofWaterResources

Abstract

BasedonthehydrodynamicsandsedimentmovementinModaomenofPearlRiverestuary,builtaflumesectionmodelofmouthbarinModaomenEstuarywhichcansimulatethewaterandsedimentmovementoflongitudinalsectionofmouthbar.Andthelongitudinalsectionofthesanddoorisusedastheresearchobject,thecomparativeobservationforprofileevolutionbetweenfrequencyfloodandthecombinationoffloodandwavewasheldtoproposethecharacteristicsoftheevolutionofmouthbarinModaomenEstuary.Theresultshowsthat:onlywhenthefrequencyfloodtakeseffectonthemouthbar,theInnerslopeandthetopwillbescouredandthepositionofthetopwillbepushedoutwardwhilethealtitudechangelittle.Underthecommonactionoffloodandwave,thereisanobviouserosionontheinnerandouterslope,andthepositionofthetopispushedoutward,butthedistanceisshorterthantheconditionwithoutwavewhilethealtitudeishigher.

Keywords:Modaomen;Mouthbar;Wave;Runoff;Flumetest

MenwuWu  KeyLaboratoryofthePearlRiverEstuarineDynamicsandAssociatedProcessRegulation,MinistryofWaterResourcesEmail:wumw@163.com

·74·

AnExperimentalStudyonWavevegetationInteractionConsideringtheCombinedEffectofWavesandCurrents

YanqiaoWang1,LimingTan1,ZhiguoHe1,WeimingWu2

1.ZhejiangUniversity2.ClarksonUniversity

Abstract

Thispaperpresentstheresultsofanexperimentalstudyonwavevegetationinteractionunderbothwaveconditionsandwavecurrentcouplingconditions.Bothfollowingandopposingcurrentsareconsideredusingdifferentwaterdepth,waveperiods,andwaveheights.Underwaveconditions,rapidwavedecayisfoundinthevegetationzonewhileamoreuniformvelocityprofileappearswithlargerwaveperiods.ScatteringofthedragcoefficientshasahighercorrelationtoKeuleganCarpenternumber(KC)thanReynoldsnumber(Re).Theresultsalsoindicatethatthemechanismofwavevegetationinteractionconsideringcurrentsisquitesimilartothatwithoutcurrentsunderthepresentexperimentalconditions.

Keywords:Wavevegetationinteraction;Wavecurrentcoupling;Dragcoefficients;KeuleganCarpenternumber;Re

YanqiaoWang  ZhejiangUniversityEmail:wangyanqiao0810@zju.edu.cn

·84·

ATwodimensionalModelofSedimentTransportDuringStormSurge

LudiXu,ZhiguoHe

ZhejiangUniversity

Abstract

Inthispaper,atwodimensionalmodelcoupledwithSWANspectralwavetransformationmodelisdevelopedtosimulatethewaves,currentandsedimenttransportprocessesduringstormsurge.Rectangulargridsareappliedinthismodel,andanexplicitfinitevolumemethodisadoptedtosolvethecurrentsusingthedepthaveraged2Dshallowwaterequationandnonequilibriumtotalloadsedimenttransportequation.Waveradiationstressisaccountedinshallowwaterequationtoconsidertheinteractionsbetweenwavesandcurrent.TheHLLapproximateRiemannsolvermethodisusedtocalculatetheflux.Afteraccuracyandefficiencytest,themodelisthenappliedtoarealisticcase.Theresultsindicatethatthecoastalareawillsuffersignificanterosionduringstormsurge.

Keywords:Storm surge;Numericalsimulation;Sedimenttransport;Shallow waterflow;Erosion;Finitevolumemethod

LudiXu  ZhejiangUniversityEmail:xuludi@zju.edu.cn

·94·

NumericalSimulationofCurrentsandWavesInfluencedbyTyphoonintheNorthernSouthChinaSea

ZhuzhuYu,ZhiguoHe

ZhejiangUniversity

Abstract

ForecastingtyphoonwavesinSouthChinaSeaisofparticularimportance.Inthispaper,ahydrodynamicmodelisdevelopedusingFVCOMtoanalyzethetidesandtidalcurrentsinthenorthernSouthChinaSea,especiallyintheBeibuGulf.Further,themodeliscoupledwithSWANtosimulatethetyphoonwaveprocessbyconsideringthetyphoonwindfieldusinganempiricalformula.Themodelisvalidatedusingthemeasureddataandthesimulationresultsagreewellwiththefieldobservationdata.ThestormsurgeprocessandwaveprocessarecalculatedbythecoupledmodelundertheconditionsoftheNO.1621typhoon.Theresultsareofpracticalsignificanceforprotectionofcoastalengineeringduringtyphoons.

Keywords:Numericalmodeling;Typhoonwaves;SouthChinaSea;Tidalcurrent

ZhuzhuYu  ZhejiangUniversityEmail:3130103079@zju.edu.cn

·05·

InterAnnualVariabilityoftheTurbidityMaximumZoneinHangzhouBayBasedonLandsatImagery

TaoYe1,LiLi1,2,YanmingYao1,2,YuezhangXia1,2,WeibingGuan1,2

1.ZhejiangUniversity2.SecondInstituteofOceanography,SOA

Abstract

Theturbiditymaximumzone(TMZ)areainHangzhouBaywasimpactedbynaturalandanthropogenicprocesses.Aremotesensinginversionmodelwasdevelopedtoestimatethesurfacesuspendedsedimentconcentration(SSC)inHangzhouBay,usingthethirtyLandsatimagesofthebayduringthepast30years.Themodelwaswellcalibratedusingthefielddata,withrelativeaverageerrorof23.3%.TheTMZareawasthenextractedfromeachimagetoinvestigateitsinterannualvariationsfrom1984to2015.Theimagesweredividedintofivegroups;theaverageTMZareaofeachgroupwasestimated.ResultsshowthattheSSCvalueshasamoreasymmetricdistributionpatternfrom1984to2015,withlowturbidareaincreased,asshownbythecoefficientofskewness.From1984to2015,theSSCvaluesdecreasedinalmosttheentirebay.TheStationLuchaogangwitnessthelargestdecreaseofabout73%.TheannualtrendratioofTMZareais-4.57%,whiletheannualtrendratioofsedimentloadareais-3.74%.Hence,theinterannualvariabilityofTMZareaissupposedtobeaffectedbythecombinedeffectsofthereductionoftheriverinesedimentdischarge,aswellasthetidalflatreclamationaroundHangzhouBay.

Keywords:HangzhouBay;Suspendedsedimentconcentration;Landsat;Turbiditymaximumzone;Interannualvariability

TaoYe  ZhejiangUniversityEmail:yetaoyan@foxmail.com

·15·

EffectsofDeepSeaPortontheRayongBayCoastline,Thailand

ButsawanBidorn,ChaipantRukvichai

ChulalongkornUniversity

Abstract

ShorelinechangesalongtheRayongBayhavebeenanalyzedtoassesstheeffectsoftheMapTaPhutPort,whichisthelargestindustrialportinThailand.HistoricalshorelinepositionsoftheRayongbaybetween1956and2016wereextractedfromaerialphotographsandsatelliteimageryusingArcGISrelease10.4software,andthedigitalshorelineanalysissystem(DSAS)wasusedtocalculatetheshorelinechangeratesofpreandpostportconstruction.TheresultsshowthattheRayongBaywasrelativelystablewithanaveragerateofshorelinechangelessthan1m/abeforetheportconstruction.AfterthecompletionofthefirstphaseoftheMapTaPhutportin1992,about6% oftheRayongcoastexperiencedasevereerosionupto6m/a.Asignificantshorelineaccretionwasfoundatbotheasternandwesternendsoftheport(approximately1% ofthetotalcoastline).However,theshorelineretreatincreasedto17% ofthecoastsincetheconstructionofthesecondphaseMapTaPhutprojectwascompletedin1999.Numerouscoastalstructureshavebeenappliedtothoserecessionareastostabilizethecoastline.WiththeexistingofallcoastalstructuresintheMapTaPhutdeepseaportproject,ittookabout15yearstoreachanewequilibriumshorelineoftheRayongBay.

Keywords:MapTaPhutPort;Shorelinechange;Coastalprotection;Beacherosion;Equilibriumshoreline

ButsawanBidorn  ChulalongkornUniversityEmail:butsawan.p@chula.ac.th

·25·

FundamentalCriteriaandChallengestoIncreasingWaterwayDepthsDownstreamof

theThreeGorgesDam

YunpingYang1,MingjinZhang1,YibingLi1,2,HuaihanLiu2,HuaqingZhang1,WanliLiu1

1.TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering,MinistryofTransport2.ChangjiangWaterwayBureau

Abstract

Waterwaydepthsarecloselyassociatedwiththeevolutionofriverchannelsanderosioninlowwaterchannelsisamainprocessindeepeningwaterways.BystudyingriverchannelsdownstreamoftheThreeGorgesDam,wehaveobjectivelyevaluatedthefundamentalcriteriaandchallengesassociatedwithincreasingthedepthsofthewaterway.Ourstudyshowedthatthethalwegofriverchannelsdownstream oftheThreeGorgesReservoirimpoundmentweredramaticallyincised(410km)andthattheincreasesinwaterleveltocompensatefordischargesduringlowwaterperiodscouldnotcancelouttheeffectsoflowerwaterlevelscausedbyincisionsatdamproximalriverbedsdownstream.Therefore,thephenomenonof“steepslopesandrapiddischarges”isstillobviousatsomereaches,andcontrollingthereductioninlowwaterlevelsduetoriverbedincisionisagreatchallengetoincreasingthedepthofthewaterway.SincetheimpoundingoftheThreeGorgesReservoir,asystematicwaterwayregulationprojecthasbeenimplementedattheYichangAnqingreach,downstreamofthedam.Thisprojecthasadjustedtheimbalancebetweenerosionatshallowbeachesandthedevelopmentofchannelbranchesandstabilizedtheconditionsofthewaterways,therebyleadingtothegradualdevelopmentofdeeper,narrowerchannelsandtheachievementofthe2020targetoftheYangtzeRiverMainstreamWaterwayPlanningOutlinefiveyearsinadvance.Comparingthewaterwaydepthsupstreamanddownstream,thewaterwayisshallowerattheYichangAnqingreachthanattheupstreamreservoirareaandthedeepwaterwaterwaysdownstream;thisrestrictsthedevelopmentofshippingontheYangtzeRiver.Weintegratedandanalyzedparametersincludingthenumbersandlengthsoftheshallowzonesconsideringthevesseltypesanddemandsofeconomicdevelopment.WeconcludedthatitisappropriatetoincreasethescalesofthewaterwayattheYichangWuhanandWuhanAnqingreachesby4.5m ×200mand6.0m ×200m,respectively.WhileindepthinvestigationsoftheimpactsoftheThreeGorgesReservoirimpoundmentonadjustmentstorivermorphologiesandwaterwaydepthsareessential,the

·35·

maintenanceofharmoniousrelationsamongwaterwayregulationprojects,floodpreventionandmitigation,andlocalecosystemsshouldalsobeproperlyaddressed.

Keywords:Waterwaydepths;Fundamentalsandchallenges;ThreeGorgesReservoir;MiddlelowerYangtzeRiver

YunpingYang  TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering,MinistryofTransportEmail:yangsan520_521@163.com

·45·

TheResearchofPortRiskAssessmentModelBasedonGridStandard

XiaosongLi,XianweiKong

TianjinResearchInstitudeforWaterTransportEngineering

Abstract

Thisthesisbuildthesafetyevaluatingindexsystembyadoptingunifiedrisksource,establishportriskassessmentmodelbasedongridstandard,buildtheportriskassessmentplatformfinally.Theplatform canevaluateeachgridriskquantitatively.ThroughtheanalysisofcharacteristicsofTianjinportnavigationenvironment,vesseltrafficaccidents,navigationandanchoring,itcanverifytherationalityandvalidityoftheportriskassessmentmodel.

Keywords:Marinetrafficsituation;Vesseltrafficenvironment;Unifiedrisksource;Risksource;Gridstandard

XiaosongLi  TianjinResearchInstitudeforWaterTransportEngineeringEmail:xiaosonghanghai@126.com

·55·

PossibilitiesandChallengesofExpandingtheDimensionsoftheWaterwayDownstreamofThreeGorgesDam

YunpingYang1,MingjinZhang1,YibingLi2,HuaqingZhang1,WanliLiu1,JianjunWang1,XiaoxingLi1

1.TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering,MinistryofTransport2.ChangjiangWaterwayBureau

Abstract

ThewaterwayinthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverhaslongbeenknownasthe“GoldenWaterway”andisanimportantlinkintheconstructionoftheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt.Therefore,determiningwhetherthereisscopetoexpanditsdimensionsisasignificantgoal,particularlygiventhelongrangecumulativeerosionoccurringdownstreamoftheThreeGorgesReservoir(TGR).Theerosionhasbeenconcentratedinthedryriverchannel.ThiscombinedwiththeregulationofthevolumeoftheupstreamreservoirsandtheTGR,theminimumflowandwaterleveloftheriverdownstreamareincreasing,andcreatingfavorableconditionsunderwhichtoimprovethedepthofthewaterway.Theflowcompensationeffectduringthedryseasonoffsetsthedeclineinthewaterlevelintheriverchannelcausedbydowncuttingpartoftheriverbed,buttheminimumnavigablewaterlevelofthesegmentnearthedamstillshowsadownwardtrend.Inrecentyears,severalwaterwayremediationprojectshavebeenimplementedinthesereachesoftheYangtzeRiverandalthoughthewaterwaydepthandwidthhavebeenincreased,theyarestilllowintheYichangAnqingreachcomparedtothereservoirareaupstreamandthedeepwaterchannelinthetidalreachdownstream.Acomprehensiveanalysisofthewaterdepthcompositionandthenumberandlengthoftheshoalsinthewaterwayindicatesthatitsdimensionscanbeincreasedto4.5m ×200mand6.0m×200mintheYichangWuhanandWuhanAnqingreaches,respectively.Thisisalsofeasiblegiventheremediationtechnologiesavailablecurrently,butremediationprojectsneedtobecoordinatedwiththoseforfloodpreventionandecologicalprotection.

Keywords:Waterwaydimension;Conditionanalysis;ThreeGorgesDam;MiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver

YunpingYang  TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering,MinistryofTransportEmail:yangsan520_521@163.com

·65·

ResearchonSafetyConditionMonitoringMethodforBollardStructureofPortEngineeringBased

onFiberBraggSensing

ShiliangZhou,SongqiXu,JunWu,YuejieShu,ZhifangFu

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Asthesignificantincreaseofthetonnageofberthingshipsatdocks,themooringcapacityhasalsoincreasedsignificantly.Inaddition,therearealsocaseswheremultiplecablesaremooredonasinglebollard.Oncethemooringforceexceedsthedesignvalue,itwillcauseaseriousdamagetothemooringbollardstructuresandcausetheshiptofalloffthecablefurther.Forthisreason,themonitoringofthebollardmooringcableundercomplexmooringconditionshasbecomeamajorsafetyissuethatneedstoberesolvedduringtheoperationoftheDaxieContainerTerminal.Aimingatthe1,500kNbollardstructureofNingboDaxieContainerTerminal,alocalfiniteelementanalysismodelincludingthebollard,superstructureofthewharfandpilefoundationwasestablished.Basedontheanalysisofthestressstateofthebollardunderdifferentworkingconditions,thestructuralweaknessofthebollardwasdetermined,andthestraincontrolindexofthekeypositionwasdetermined.Basedonthoseanalysisabove,amethodofmonitoringthesafetystatusofbollardsbasedonfiberBragggratingsensingwasproposedthroughtheanalysisofconventionalcabletetheringmethods.Aimingatthebollardstructure,thespecificarrangementoffibergratingstrainsensorsandthebondingfixingschemewerealsoproposedforbollardstructures.Furthermore,thenetworkingandlinkoptimizationsolutionsforopticalfibersensorswascompleted,andthecorrespondingsoftwareforthesafetymonitoringofbollardstructureswasdeveloped.

Keywords:Portengineering;Safetyconditionmonitoring;Shipbuildingstructure;Finiteelementanalysis

ShiliangZhou  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:290927144@qq.com

·75·

SedimentTransportandTrappingintheNorthPassageofChangjiangEstuaryDuring

theFloodSeason2015

QiShen1,2,FengfengGu2,DingmanQi2

1.TongjiUniversity2.ShanghaiEstuarineandCoastalScienceResearchCenter

Abstract

SedimentbacksiltingintheNorthPassageoftheChangjiangEstuary,wheretheDeepwaterNavigationChannel(DNC)islocated,hasbeenamajorconcerninthepastdecades.Inthisstudy,profilesoftidalcurrent,seawatersalinityandsuspendedsedimentconcentration(SSC)weremeasuredat16anchoredboatsitesdeployedalongtheNorthPassageaswellasacrosstheDNCduringthespringtideinfloodseason2015.TheresultsshowedthatthedistributionofSSCintheNorthPassageshowedasignificantspatialdisparitysuchasthealongchanneldifferenceofSSCandthecrosschanneldifferenceatthemiddlereach.ThetimedependenttransportofTurbidityMaximum(TM)alongtheNorthPassageduringthefloodtidewasquietlydifferentfromthetransportduringtheebbtide.ThetransformbetweenthestratificationandmixingwasexistedatthemiddleandlowerreachoftheNorthPassageduetotheimpactoftheadvancingandretreatingofsaltwedge.Theturbulentmixingatthelowerlayerofwatercolumnwasrelativelystrongerattheearlyfloodtidethanattheearlyebbtidebecauseoftheverticalmoreuniformsalinitydistributionpersistinginthefloodtide.Thesufficientcurrentmomentumaswellasthewellmixingconditionhelpedtotrapandretainmoresedimentparticlesduringtheearlyfloodtidethanduringtheearlyebbtide.Therefore,theeffectofTidalPumping(TP)wassignificantatthemiddlereachoftheNorthPassagewhichinducedtheoppsitenettransportofsediment.Atthehighsiltationarea,theTPtransportofsedimentlocatedatbothflanksoftheDNCwaslandwardandaseawardTPtransportwasmeasuredwithintheDNC.Thealongchannelaswellasthelateralconvergenceofbottomresidualsedimenttransportwasdetectedatthemiddlereachwhichcouldhavebeenresponsiblefortheserverchannelsiltation.

Keywords:ChangjiangEstuary;Sedimenttransport;Stratificationandmixing;Tidalpumping

QiShen  TongjiUniversityEmail:shenqimath@hotmail.com

·85·

StudyonMethodstoEstimatetheBedShearStressesinYangtzeEstuary

FengfengGu1,YuanyeWang1,HanfangLu2,YuanyangWan1

1.ShanghaiEstuarine&CoastalScienceResearchCenter2.OceanUniversityofChina

Abstract

HighspatialandtemporalcurrentresolutionvelocitiesweremeasuredbyuseofanacousticDopplervelocimetry(ADV)inthetidalbottomlayerofNorthPassageDeepwaterNavigationalChannel(DNC)ofYangtzeEstuaryinChina.AndtheverticalprofilesofmeanvelocityinthefloodandebbtidalperiodsweremeasuredbyuseofapulsecoherentacousticDopplerprofiler(PCADP).Theturbulentkineticenergy(TKE)methodandthelogarithmicprofile(LP)methodwererespectivelyusedtoestimatethebedshearstresses.Theresultshowstheverticaldistributionofmeanvelocitiesintidalperiodswasalmostlogarithmic.Basedontheseverticallogarithmicprofilesofvelocity,theLPmethodwasusedtoestimatethebedshearstresses.HoweveritwasshownthattheresultsareusuallylargerthantheresultsestimatedbyTKEmethodintheareaofestuary.Itisindirectlydemonstratedthattheverticallogarithmicprofileofvelocitieshasbeentransformedeveninthetidalbottomboundarylayer(BBL)bytheunsteadyflows,anditoftencausestheLPmethodtooverestimatethebedstressinestuary.

Keywords:Yangtzeestuary;Bedshearstress;Thelogarithmicvelocitydistribution

FengfengGu  ShanghaiEstuarine&CoastalScienceResearchCenterEmail:6737632@qq.com

·95·

ResearchontheAllowableSpanLengthoftheSubmarinePipelineinShallowWater

ChangjingFu1,GuoyingLi2,3,TianlongZhao1

1.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute

3.KeyLaboratoryofMinistryofEducationforGeomechanicsandEmbankmentEngineering

Abstract

Becauseofthecomplexgeologicalconditionsoftheseabed,thesubmarineburiedpipelineswouldsuspendontheseabedunderthelongtermscourofwaves.Thespanningsubmarinepipelinesarevulnerabletodamageundertheactionoftheexternalenvironmentload.Thepipelinesaccidentsnotonlyresultinagreatlossofpropertybutalsobringthepollutionofthemarineenvironment.Thespanlengthisthekeyfactorinaffectingthedamageofpipelines.Therefore,theallowablespanlengthofthesubmarinepipelineisdetermined,andthepipelinecanbepreventedfrombeingdamagedduetotheexcessivespanlength.Becausemostoftheoilfieldwasbuiltinoffshoreareasindevelopingcountry,thecharacteristicsofwavesinshallowwatershouldbeconsidered.BasedonthefirstorderapproximatecnoidalwavetheoryandMorisonequation,theexpressionsofthehydrodynamicloadsonthesuspendedspansofpipelinesisdeveloped.Forthecommonformsoffreespanningsubmarinepipeline,considerthatthemaxbendingstressesislessthanthematerial’sallowablestress,theformulaoftheallowablefreespanlengthisderived.Finally,combinedwiththesubseapipelinesprojectinBohaibay,theallowablefreespanlengthofthepipelinesiscalculated.Theresultsshowthattheoperationofthespanningpipelinesisstability.

Keywords:Spanlength;Shallowwaterwaves;Hydrodynamicforce

ChangjingFu  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:nhri_fuchangjing@163.com

·06·

NumericalSimulationStudyontheWaterLevelFluctuationsintheUpstreamApproachChannelundertheConditionoftheLoadRejectionofHydraulicPowerStation

JinchaoHe1,YunliWang1,MeitaoXiang2

1.SoutheastHydraulicInstituteforWaterways,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.SoutheastofShanghaiEngineeringConsultingCo.,LTD,Shanghai

Abstract

Loadrejectionofthehydraulicpowerstationwillcausethewaterlevelfluctuationsintheupstreamapproachchannel,whichcouldbeharmfultothenavigationsafetyofships.BasedontheresultsofthephysicalmodeltestsonFuJinBahydraulicpowerstation,inthispapera2Dunsteadyflownumericalmodelhasbeenestablishedtostudytheopeningtypeofthepartitionwalloftheupstreamapproachchannelinordertoreducethewaterlevelfluctuationamplitude.Theresultsshowedthatcomparedtotheoriginaldesign,for4improvementschemes,thecompletelyclosedopeningsorthehalfopeningsdidnotworkwellwhentheywereadoptedalone,whereasthemaximumamplitudeofthewaterlevelfluctuationswoulddecreasewhenthebothofthemwereusedtogether.

Keywords:Loadrejectionofthehydraulicpowerstation;Upstreamapproachchannel;Waterlevelfluctuations

JinchaoHe  SoutheastHydraulicInstituteforWaterways,ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:4753328@qq.com

·16·

DynamicResponseAnalysesofOffshoreWindTurbinewithHighriseCapandLowriseCapFoundationSubjectedtoShipImpact

LijiLong

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Highrisecapandlowrisecapwithmultiplepilefoundationforoffshorewindturbinesiscomposedofsteelpiles,concretecap.Withtheincreaseoftheriskofoffshorewindturbinesupportstructurestrickenbyashipduringtheserviceperiod,moreandmoreattentionpayfortheresearchesofshipcollision.Theshipimpactforceisinvestigatedbothempiricalformula,numericalsimulation,offshorewindturbinewithhighpilecapfoundationandlowpilecapfoundationimpactedbya5001,000tshipatdifferentspeedsisnumericallysimulatedbyusingLSDYNA.OnthebasisofnonlinearFEdynamicmodelofbargepiercollision,thenumericalmodeliscarriedouttodeterminethesensitivitydegreeoffthedifferentfactorsinfluencingthebargeimpactforcetopierduringthecollisiontimehistoryandComparativeanalysisofcrashperformancebetweenHighrisecapandlowrisecap.

Keywords:Offshorewindturbine;Highrisecap;Lowriseca;Shipimpact;Impactforce

LijiLong  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:longliji@qq.com

·26·

ManagementStrategiesforanEcologicalWaterwayintheBifurcatedRiverSectionsattheLower

ReachesoftheYangtzeRiver

JianjunWang

TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering

Abstract

ThemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverhavethereputationofbeing“goldenwaterways”andareimportantcomponentsfortheestablishmentoftheYangtzeRiverDeltaEconomicBelt.Theconstructionofanecologicalwaterwaythereisimminentundertheprincipleofprioritizingtheenvironmentwhendevelopingwatersheds.TheWuhuYuxikoureachlocatedatthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverisusedasacasestudy.Recently,theJiangxinsandbank(CaoguandChenjiasandbanks)hassubsidedandthecollapseoftherightbankisobvious.Atthesametime,braidingandmultichannelflowisdeveloping,whichisnotconducivetothestabilityofthewaterwayandalsothreatensthebiologicalhabitattoacertainextent.Afterexaminingtheevolutionoftheriverchannelandforecastingthevariationtrendofthewaterway,theproposalistoimplementmaintenancemeasuresfortheJiangxinsandbankandbedprotectionmeasuresforthechannelsinordertoachievestablewaterwayconditions.Theecologicaleffectsoftheprojectwerethoroughlyconsideredwhenpreparingthemanagementstrategies.ForsectionsoftheJiangxinsandbankbelowthelowwaterlevel,aprojecttoprotectthebeachbeltwillbeimplemented.Thepurposeistopromotesiltationsothatthelowbeachbiologicalhabitatwillgraduallyrecover.Forsectionsabovethelowwaterlevel,asteppedrevetmentprojectwillbeusedtocreateanenvironmentthatpromotesharmonybetweentheproject,landscape,people,andthebodyofwater.Afterstudyingthecharacteristicsofmigratoryfish,itisdeemedundesirableforallthechannelstobeblocked.Hence,passagesaretobekeptopentoallowfishtomigratethroughthebifurcatedchannels.Inaddition,theuseofecologicalreeftypestructuresandmaterialsisrecommendedforprotectingthechannelbed.Thisstudycanprovideatechnicalreferenceforthemanagementofecologicalriversystemsandcanalsobepromotedformanagingothertypesofrivers.

Keywords:Ecologicalwaterway;Managementstrategies;Bifurcatedreach;LowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver

JianjunWang  TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineeringEmail:271803237@qq.com

·36·

ResearchontheRulesandInfluencingFactorsofScourandDepositionChangesinRiverIslandsof

TypicalSectionsintheLowerReachoftheThreeGorgesProject

PengfeiLiu

TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering,M.O.T.

Abstract

SincetheoperationoftheThreeGorgesProject,riverscourhasbeentheoverallembodimentofthedam’slowerreachontheconditionofthesubstantialdecreaseinsedimentamount.Apartfromthis,therealsohavebeenmanyotherproblems,includingtheworsenedscour,frequentchanges,andinstabilityofriverislands.AllthesehaveexercisedanegativeinfluenceontheriverregimeandchannelconditionsoftheYangtzeRiver.TakingforexamplethetypicalreachessuchasXinzhouJiujangSectionandLiyushanChannelinthelowerreachoftheThreeGorgesProject,thispaperanalyzesthecharacteristicsofscouranddepositionchangesintheriverislandsofXujiawanBayandHuanglianBar.Thefindingsshowthatscourattheheadanddepositionatthetailarethecharacteristicsofthecentralbarsinthecurvedandstraightreaches.Then,onthisbasis,thispaperperformsafurtheranalysisonthefactorsinfluencingtheevolutionofriverislandsintheriverreachesunderthedam.

Keywords:ThreeGorgesProject;Riverislands;Riverbedscouranddeposition;Curvedreach;Straightreach

PengfeiLiu  TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering,M.O.T.Email:tiankuo77@163.com

·46·

ResearchonBenchlandShapingTechniqueofComplexReachesundertheConditionofFloods

ControllingandNavigationImprovement

JingtaoZheng,MeiyuanPan,YouweiLi

ChangjiangWaterwayInstituteofPlanningandDesignandResearch

Abstract

Thealtitude,sizeandintegrityofbeachlandhavegreatinfluenceonnavigationcondition.Fishbonedamandspurdikeswerewidelyappliedtoshapingthebeach,butitisnotgoodforfloodcontrols.Inthiswork,theoreticalanalysismethodandflumetestmethodwereusedtodeterminedaevaluationmethodforbeachandtroughpatterndistributionstate.Anewbenchlandshapingtechniqueisbuiltinreachwithlargefloodcontrolpressure.

Keywords:Benchlandshapingtechnique;Floodscontrolling;Navigationlmprovement

JingtaoZheng  ChangjiangWaterwayInstituteofPlanningandDesignandResearchEmail:83479830@qq.com

·56·

TheVelocitydipPhenomenoninOpenBendFlow

XinWang

TianjinResearchInstitudeforWaterTransportEngineering

Abstract

Thevelocitiesatthefreesurfacearesignificantindexesforboththeactualnavigationandhydraulicphysicalmodel.Atpresent,regardingthestreamwisevelocityatthefreesurfaceasthemaximumvalueisstillancommonhandlingmethod.However,thefreesurfaceasaspecialboundaryconditioninopenchannelflowmakesthemaximumvelocityexistsbelowthewatersurface,knownasvelocitydipphenomenon,whichdisagreeswiththecommonpoint.Moreover,theopenchannelbend,asthebasicunitofnaturalriver,hasthespecialmotioncharacteristics.Flowstructureinitexhibitstwospecificfeatures:(1)thesecondaryflowcausedbythechannelcurvature;and(2)thevelocitydipphenomenoncausedbythefreesurface,whichaffectthesurfaceflowfielddirectly.Toexplainthesefeatures,thispaperproposesacoupledmodelthatprovidestheoreticalthreedimensionalbendflow solutions. Considering the transversedistributionsofhydraulicparametersasnonuniformandinfluencedbythesidewallstresses,thecompletesecondarycirculationisobtainedtheoretically.Usingamodifiedlogwakelaw,thevelocitydipphenomenonisanalysedandfoundtoexistinbothprimaryandsecondaryflows.Theabovetheoreticalresearchesofopenbendflowwillimprovethecalculatingaccuracyofflowstructure,whichhashighengineeringvalue.

Keywords:Velocitydipphenomenon;Analyticalsolutions;Bendflow;Openchannel;Velocitydistribution

XinWang  TianjinResearchInstitudeforWaterTransportEngineeringEmail:yefuxinxin@aliyun.com

·66·

TheInfluenceofThermalDischargeontheWaterIntakeandDrainagePlaneLayoutfor

theCoalfiredPowerPlant

ZhonghuaTan,HaiyuanLiu,HanbaoChen,HaichengLiu

TianjinResearchInstituteofWaterTransportEngineering,M.O.T.

Abstract

Inthispaper,throughestablishingthetwodimensionaldepthaveragedmathematicalmodelofthecoastalprojectareaforthecoalfiredpowerplantinPakistan,differentwaterintakeanddrainageprojectlayoutsweresimulated.Thediffusionandtransportationrulesofthermaldischargeintheseawaterwereanalyzed.Thethermaldischargeinfluenceonthewatertemperatureriseattheintakeandseaareanearbytheprojectwasresearched.Inordertoensurethenormalandefficientoperationofthepowerplant,evensatisfyingtherequirementofaveragetemperatureriseinacirclewithradius100mofoutletnotexceeding3.0℃,thewaterintakeanddrainageplanelayoutswereoptimizedandthelayoutofmultipointintakesandoutletsatdeepwaterwasproposedwhichcanprovideascientificbasisforenvironmentalimpactassessmentandthedesignofwaterintakeanddrainageplanelayout.

Keywords:Coastalarea;Numericalmodel;Thermaldischarge;Waterintakeanddrainageplanelayout

ZhonghuaTan  TianjinResearchInstituteofWaterTransportEngineering,M.O.T.Email:tanzhonghua1987@163.com

·76·

ImpactsofLargescaleEstuarineEngineeringProjectsonRecentMorphologicalEvolutionProcesses

oftheYangtzeEstuary

HualongLuan,TonghuanLiu

ChangjiangRiverScientificResearchInstitute

Abstract

Impactsoflocalhumaninterventionsonmorphodynamicsoflargeriverdeltasareinsufficientlyunderstood,especiallysuperimposedupondeltaerosionduetodiminishingsedimentsupplies.ThedenselypopulatedYangtzeEstuaryinChinaisincreasinglyinfluencedbylargescaleestuarineengineeringprojectsintherecenttwodecadesandtherebyprovidesausefulexampletoaddressthisissue.ThisworkinvestigatesthemorphologicalimpactsoftheDeepwaterNavigationChannelProject(DNCP)includingdikesandgroynesimplementedin19972010onthemouthbarareaoftheYangtzeEstuarythroughmorphologicalevolutionanalysisandprocessbasedmodelingapproach(Delft3D).Theseawardportionofthemouthbararea,definedasthestudyareaforcalculationofsedimentvolumechange,convertedfromnetaccretiontoneterosionduring19972013primarilyduetoriversedimentreduction.However,theEastHengshaShoal(EHS)showedabnormalaccretioninthesameperiod.Theaccretionerosionconversionoccurredaroundtheyear2007andislargelycontributedbytwoerosionzonesatthenorthernandsouthernsubaqueousdelta,respectively.HydrodynamicsimulationsindicatethatthetrainingwallsresultinweakertidalflowandlongerslackperiodattheEHSandstrongertidalflowatthesouthernerosionzone.Subsequently,morphologicalmodelingdemonstratesthatthetrainingwallsenhanceaccretionattheEHS,whichismainlyattributetothedownstreamhalfofthenorthdike.Thiscanbeverifiedbytheconsistentperiod(20022004)ofthedikeextensiontothepresentlocationandaccretionpeakoftheEHS.Morphologicalmodelingalsoindicatesthatthedownstreamhalfofthenorthdikeenhancederosionatthesouthernerosionzone,whichcanpartlyexplainthegradualincreaseintheerosionvolumeofbotherosionzonesafter2004.Underlargescaleestuarineengineeringprojects,theYangtzesubaqueousdeltaisacceleratingtoapproachmorphodynamicequilibrium.Thetimescaletotheerosionlimitandsustainableestuarinemanagementmeritfurthersystematicresearch.

Keywords:Morphodynamics;Riversedimentreduction;Estuarineengineeringprojects;YangtzeEstuary

HualongLuan  ChangjiangRiverScientificResearchInstituteEmail:luanhualong@126.com

·86·

StudyofBearingCapacityandParameterSensitivityAnalysisofOffshoreWindTurbineBucket

FoundationinSoftClay

ZhanqingXing,LiweiHuang,JinjieZhang,PingFu

ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch

Abstract

Inordertostudythebearingcapacityofthebucketfoundationinclay,afewofcentrifugalmodelandnumericalanalysistestswerecarriedout.Theloaddisplacementcurveofbucketfoundation,themainfailuremodeandtheinfluenceofthesoilparametersandthebasicdimensionswereobtainedinthispaper.Themainconclusionsinclude:thefailuremodeofthebucketfoundationofoffshorewindturbineismainlytorotate;κ,ν,e0,γhavegreatinfluenceonthecalculations,ifthemodifiedcamclaymodelwasused;theoptimalbucketfoundationheighttodiameterratioisabout0.57ontheresearchconditions.

Keywords:Offshorewindturbine;Bucketfoundation;Bearingcapacity;Parametersensitivityanalysis

ZhanqingXing  ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearchEmail:xinzq123@126.com

·96·

StudyonAccumulativeDeformationofOffshoreWindTurbineBucketFoundationinClay

ZhanqingXing,JizhangGao,JinjieZhang,PingFu

ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch

Abstract

Comparedwithotheroffshorestructures,theoffshorewindturbineisatoweringstructure,whereinthehorizontalloadandbendingmomentonthefoundationareconsiderable;therunningofthewindturbineimposesahighrequirementforthetiltrateofthefoundation,andthefoundationdesignisusuallycontrolledbythedeformation.Theeasterncoastareainchinaissuitableforlargescaledevelopmentofoffshorewindpower,buttheseabedinthisareaisgenerallydistributedwiththickermarineclay(usuallythickerthan10m).Thebucketfoundationiseasytoinstall,shorttermsandlowcost,andthebucketfoundationgenerallyhasbetteradaptabilitytothedeepclayfoundation,withoutneedtoenterthedeepbearingstratumwithbetterphysicalproperties.

Undertheeffectofcyclicwind/waveload,claysoftens,anddeformationhasobvioustimeliness.Cycliccumulativedeformationcharacteristicsarenotonlyrelatedtothephysicalindicatorsofsoilandstateofconsolidation,butalsoarecloselyrelatedtostaticload,cyclicload,numberofcyclicvibrationtimes.Afterthephysicalindicatorsandconsolidationstatusofsoilisdetermined,therearethreeaspectsforthemainfactorsaffectingthedeformationcharacteristicsofsoil:(1)soilunit’sinitialstressstatebeforecyclicloadingisineffect;(2)thesizeandwayinwhichthecyclicloadisineffect;(3)thenumberoftimesofthecyclicloadineffect.Duringtherunningofthewindturbine,thebucketfoundationisaffectedjointlybytheweightofthestructureandtheloadcausedbywindandwaves,whereintheweightandtheloadcausedbywaveswillremainunchangedforalongtime,andthefoundationsoilunitgeneratesstaticstressofdifferentsizesqs;fluctuatingwindpressureandwavegeneratedloadistransmittedthroughthefoundationtothegroundfoundationsoilbody,andinturnmakethesoilunitsubjectedtothecyclicstresschangingwithtime,andthedynamicstressmagnitudeofthedifferentsoilunitsisqd.Theaccumulativestrainofthesoilunitincreasesasthenumberofcycletimesincreases,thenumberofcycletimescanbetakenasatimeprocess,thecyclicaccumulativedeformationismadeequivalenttoacreepincrement,andthestrainincrementof

·07·

thesoilunitcanbedividedintotheelasticstrainincrementdεe,plasticstrainincrementdεpandcreepstrainincrementdεc,namelydε=dεe +dεp +dεc.Throughtheincrementalelastoplasticfiniteelementcalculations,thesoilunit’sstaticstressqsanddynamicstressamplitudeqdcanbedetermined,thenthecreepstrainincrementdεciscalculated,andthenthroughincrementalelastoplasticfiniteelementcalculations,theaccumulativedeformationofthebucketfoundationjointlyaffectedbystaticloadandacertainnumberofcycletimescanbeworkedout.Inordertoachieveaccumulativedeformationofoffshorewindturbinebucketfoundationinclayunderlongtermwindandwaveloading,afiniteelementmethodtakingcycliccumulativedeformationascreep,wasdeveloped.A comparisonwasmadebetweenthetheoreticalvaluesandcalculatedvalues,andthedifferencebetweenthemissmall,andthusthemodeldevelopmentisreasonable.

TheXiangshui2MWoffshorewindturbineintestisabout3.5kmfromshore,wherethedepthofwaterisabout4mandclayisdominantwithinthedepthof19mbelowtheseabed.Inthispaper,thelongtermobservationdataofXiangshuioffshorewindandwavewasanalysed.Takingthe2MWdemonstrationwindturbineasanexample,ananalysismodelisestablished.Underdifferentcyclenumber,thedeformationofbucketfoundationincludingcentralsettlement,unevensettlementandgradientofslope,wasstudiedbythismethod.

Thecentralverticaldisplacement,unevensettlementandtiltrateareroughlylogarithmicwithrespecttothenumberofcycletimes;verticallyupwardnegativesettlementoccursatthebucketfoundationcenterpoint,andthemaximumverticaldisplacementincrementafter108

cyclesis0039m;thebucketfoundationistilted,after108cyclesthemaximumunevensettlementis0135m,andthemaximumtiltrateis0449%.Theresultshowsthatthedeformationofbucketfoundationstillmeettherequirementsofwindturbineoperationintheoperationperiod(50years).

Keywords:Offshorewindturbine;Bucketfoundation;Accumulativedeformation;Repeatedload

ZhanqingXing  ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearchEmail:xinzq123@126.com

·17·

ExperimentalStudyofAttenuationofWaveRunupbyLandslidesintheThreeGorgesReservoir

PingMou,PingyiWang,LingfengHan,JieZhang

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

WaterwavesgeneratedbylandslidesfrequentlyoccurintheThreeGorgesReservoir(TGR).Waterwavesgeneratedbylandslides,asthemainsecondarydisaster,andwaverunupposeenormouspotentialrisktowharves,ships,andbankslope.TheprocessofsimulationoflandslidewassimulatedbyusingthegeneralizedphysicalmodelbasedontheWanzhouJiangnanTuoKouWharfinTGR,thewaveheightandwaverunupwererecordedmeasuredbythewaveheightgauge.Thelandslidesunderdifferentworkingconditionsweresimulated,andanalyzed.Theresultsshowedthatthemaximumheightofwaverunupappearedinabout1.5mfromtheothersideofthelandslidebecauseofthewharfandtopography.FortherangeofthelandslidemasswidthintheYangtzeRiver,thewaverunupwasattenuatedbytheexponentialrelationshipbetweentheslopesoftheslopesandthewavesofthesameshore.Forthebendingreachesinthereservoir,linearrelationshipattenuationwasobservedonthebothsides.

Keywords:Waterwavesgeneratedbylandslides;Thewaveheight;Waverunup

PingMou  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:mpdream2012@163.com

·27·

StudyontheEffectofDamOperationonNavigationFlowCondition

ina90DegreeSharpBendReachBetweentheThreeGorgesDamandtheGezhouDam

ChunhangXie,QianMa,YahuiLiu

SouthwesternHydraulicsEngineeringResearchInstituteforWaterTransport,JiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Forabendchannel,flowconditionhasagreatinfluenceonthenavigationsafety.Thesmallbendingradiusandthecomplicatedflowregimemakesshipmovementmorecomplexthanthatinastraightone.Withtheoperationofhydropowerstation,flowconditioninthebendchannelisaffectednotonlybythevariedtopography,butalsotheoperationofthedams.Byuseofathreedimensionalnumericalmethod,theflowstructuresina90degreesharpbendchannelbetweentheThreeGorgesDam andtheGezhouDam intheYangziRiverwasinvestigated.Thefieldobservationdataofthewatersurfacelevelandtheflowvelocitiesisusedtoverifytheresultsofthenumericalmodel.Inordertostudytheeffectofdamoperationonnavigationflowconditioninthesharpbendchannel,aseriesofsimulationscenarioswithvaryingflowratesofbothdamswereset.OutflowrateoftheThreeGorgesrangedfrom10,000m3/sto567,000m3/s,whilethewaterlevelbeforetheGezhouDamwasintherangeof6366m.CharacteristicsofboththelongitudinalandtransversewatersurfaceslopewereanalyzedaccordingtothewidthandlengthofthetypicalshipintheYangziRiveratpresent.Rangeofthecirculation,distributionofthevelocities,andwidthofchannelforshipinthebendchannelunderdifferentscenariowerealsoinvestigated.Basedonthat,effectofdamoperationonnavigationflowconditionina90degreesharpbendreachwasconducted.Furthermore,optimaloperationforthedamswaspresented.Thisworkisofgreatvaluefortheestablishmentofengineeringandoperationmeasurestoimprovementthenavigationconditionofabendchannel.

Keywords:Sharpbendchannel;Navigationflow condition;Dam operation;Numericalsimulation

ChunhangXie  SouthwesternHydraulicsEngineeringResearchInstituteforWaterTransport,JiaotongUniversityEmail:402123421@qq.com

·37·

StudyonReliabilityofRiprapRockDamsunderUnsteadyFlowConditions

JielongHu1,PingyiWang1,2,JingxuanRen1,MeiliWang1,2,TaoYu1,2

1.KeyLaboratoryofWaterConservancyandWaterTransportationEngineeringofMinistryofEducation,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

2.CollegeofArchitectureandUrbanPlanning,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Thespurdikeisthemostcommonlyusedwaterwayrectificationstructureandplaysanimportantroleinnarrowingtheriverbed,divertingwatertothetrough,adjustingtheflowdirection,changingtheflowvelocity,scouringtheshoal,andguidingthesediment.Amongthem,thespurdikeiswidelyusedbecauseofitslowcostandeasyaccesstomaterials,butthewaterdamageoftherockdumpgroinsisveryseriousandhasaseriousimpactonthenavigabilityofwaterways.Throughthephysicalmodeltestofthewatertank,theunsteadyflowprocessisusedasthecontrolcondition,thedepthofthescourholeisthequantificationcondition,thefailurecriteriaoftherockfillingspurdamaredefined,andthereliabilityofthespurdiggingdamisstudiedtoprovidereferenceforthewaterwayregulationandmanagement.

Keywords:Unsteadyflow;Riprap;Reliability;Flowprocess;Depthofscouringpit

JielongHu  KeyLaboratoryofWaterConservancyandWaterTransportationEngineeringofMinistryofEducation,ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:1150710547@qq.com

·47·

ExperimentalStudyontheConnectionForcesofXtypeSoftBodyRowunderNonsteadyFlow

JieZhang,PingyiWang,GentingGuo

NationalKeyLaboratoryofInlandWaterwayRegulationTechnology,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity,KeyLaboratoryofWaterConservancyandWaterwayEngineering,MinistryofEducationChongqing

Abstract

Xtypeconcreteblocksoftbodyrow(abbreviatedasXtyperow)isthemostwidelyusedbeachprotectionstructureinthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.TheoverallstructureoftheXshapedplatoonisstable,butundertheactionofunsteadyflow,theXshapedplatoonsaresubjectedtocomplexforces,oftenappearingwaterbodydestructionphenomenon,anddirectlyaffectingthebeachprotectioneffect.BasedonthebindingforcebetweentheXtypeblockblocks,thephysicalpropertiesoftheXshapedrowundernonsteadyflowconditionswerestudiedthroughphysicalmodeltests.ThetimecoursechangesandspatialdistributionoftheXdisplacementforceswereanalyzed.AndgivestheXshapedrowpossiblewaterdamagedamage.

Keywords:Xtypeconcreteblocksoftbodyrow;Knotforce;Unsteadyflow

JieZhang  NationalKeyLaboratoryofInlandWaterwayRegulationTechnology,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity,KeyLaboratoryofWaterConservancyandWaterwayEngineering,MinistryofEducationChongqingEmail:85304438@qq.com

·57·

DevelopmentaNewEcologicalEmbankmentProjectStructureStyle

XiaofeiLiu,YanliLi,WanliLiu,JiaZheng

TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering,M.O.T.

Abstract

Theecologicalembankmentprojecthasbecomethemaintrendofmodernrivermanagement.Thistextputforwardanewtypeofecologicalembankmentprojectstructurestyle,demonstratesthedesignideasanddesignparameters,andanalysistheecologicalandstabilitycharacteristics.ThisnewecologicalembankmentstructuralstyledevelopmentprovidetechnicalsupportforresearchingthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeriverecologicalembankmentprojectstructurestyle.

Keywords:Inlandwaterway;Ecologicalembankmentproject;Structuralstyle

XiaofeiLiu  TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering,M.O.TEmail:544016379@qq.com

·67·

InfluenceofAmbientFlowVelocityontheFlowFieldCharacteristicsofUnderwaterAbrasive

WaterJet

DaiHuang1,2,ShengfaYang1,2,ShiyuZeng1,2

1.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.NationalRiverChannelRegulationEngineeringTechnologyResearchCenter

Abstract

Inapplicationofunderwaterreefclearengineering,theambientflowvelocityplayanimportantroleeffectingtheflowfieldcharacteristicsofthejet.Inthispaper,themathematicalmodelisusedtosimulatetheflowstateofunderwaterabrasivewaterjetunderdifferentambientflowvelocities.Theinvestigationshowsthatthedeviationofjetwillhappenalongthedirectionofdifferentambientflowandbecomemoreobviouswithgrowingambientflowvelocity.Butthepotentialcorearea,whichcontainthemainmechanicalenergyofjet,receivelittleimpactfromambientflow.

Keywords:Abrasivewaterjet;Flowfieldcharacteristics;Waterwayregulation

DaiHuang  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:646198359@qq.com

·77·

TheResearchontheWaterStopTechnologyofHydraumaticButterflyRubberBag

YeyingChen

SchoolofRiverandOceanEngineering,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Hydraumaticbutterflyrubberbagwasanewtypeofwaterstopstructure,usedinhighdamspillway.Therubberbagwasmadelikebutterfly,soastocontactcompletelywithconcretegroove,andcanmeettherequirementsforsteelgatedeformation.Thewatertightnessofthebutterflyrubberbagwasincreasedwiththehydraulicpressure.Thesurfaceofthewaterstopstructurewasmadeintostreamlinedshapelikeasthebutterflyback,whichcanensurethewaterresistancecoefficientwaslow.Whenthegatewastobeopentodischargeflood,watercan’tbetrappedandvibrated,evenifthewaterstopstructurewasplacedonsidewall.Thebutterflyrubberbagwasanenclosedconstructiontoholdcompressedgasorpressuredliquid.Itspressureontheconcretegroovewasverysmall,andcan’tdamagethetensileconcretestructure.Inthemeanwhile,onaccountofthegoodsealingofbutterflyrubberbag,compressedgasorpressuredliquidwasnoteasytodrain,whichimprovetheservicelifeofrubberbagofbutterfly.

Keywords:Thehighdamreservoir;Gatesealing;Butterflyrubberbag;Layeredsheetsteel

YeyingChen  SchoolofRiverandOceanEngineering,ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:cyy2227@163.com

·87·

AModelFrameworkontheCarryingCapacityofInlandWaterwayShipping

WenjieLi1,HaoLong2,ShengfaYang1,WeiYang1,YiXiao1,JiangHu1

1.NationalInlandWaterwayRegulationEngineeringResearchCenter,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.KeyLaboratoryofMinistryofEducationforHydraulic

andWaterTransportEngineering,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Thebasictheoryofinlandwaterwayplanningconstructionisnotyetperfect.Unfortunately,thereisnosimulationmethodfortheintegratedoperationoftheshippingsystemtoservethesocialeconomy.Inviewoftheabove,amodelofinlandshippingcapacityisproposed,analyzingitscorephysicalprocessesincludingtheeconomicdrivingprocessoffreightdemand,thecompetitionprocessoffreightbetweenwaterway,road,andrailway,andthefreighttransportprocessofthewaterway.Thekeyscientificissuesofshippingcapacitywerediscussed.Finally,thebasicframeworkandconstructionideasoftheshippingcapacitymodelwereinitiallyproposed.It’sworthwhiletometethatthedatabaseofresearchontheinlandshippingcapacityissetupbycollectingandinvestigatingthesocialeconomy,comprehensivetransportation,andfreightvolumedata.TakingtheYangtzeRiverasanexample,anempiricalmodelfortheshippingcapacityoftheYangtzeRiverwasconstructed,includinganeconomicmodeldrivenbytheinputoutputtable,anallocationmodelbasedonthewaterdepthofthechannel,andadiscriminantmodelofwaterwaytransportofgoodsbasedonthechannelcapacity.WiththeuseofthetotalfreightvolumeanddistributionoftheelevenProvincesandmunicipalitiesintheYangtzeRivereconomicbeltfrom2012to2015,theproportionofthedistributionofwaterway,road,andrailwaywascalibratedandverified.ThesimulationresultsmeettheexpectedgoalandtheshippingcapacityoftheYangtzeRivercanbeidentifiedpreliminarily.Themodelofinlandshippingcapacityproposedinthispaperhasthepotentialcapacitytosimulatethedemandoffreighttransportationundertheplannedeconomiclevelandtoassesstheadaptabilityofshippingandeconomicdevelopmentlevel.Itcanprovidetechnicalsupportforshippingplanningconstruction.

Keywords:Shippingcarryingcapacity;Freightdrivenbytheeconomy;Competitionbetweenwaterway,road,andrailway;Freighttransportinthewaterways;Modelconstruction

WenjieLi  NationalInlandWaterwayRegulationEngineeringResearchCenter,ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:979942830@qq.com

·97·

WaterwayEvolutioninMeanderRiversunderImpactsofRiverEngineeringcomparisonoftheLowerMississippiRiverandJingjiang

ReachoftheYangtzeRiver

JunzhouWang,LiChen,FanChen

StateKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringScience,WuhanUniversity

Abstract

TheLowerMississippiRiverandJingjiangreachoftheYangtzeRiverarebothmeanderriversandhaveintensivemorphologicaladjustmentsinwaterwaysduetoanthropogenicactivities.Aftercomparingthesimilaritiesanddifferencesinthemorphologicalchangeofthetwowaterwaysthefollowingconclusionsaredraw.(1)TheconstructionofprojectsgreatlychangedtheflowandsedimentregimeoftheLowerMississippiRiverandJingjiangreach.Bothsedimentreductionduetoupstreamdamconstructionsandslopeincreaseduetoartificialcutoffscantriggerintensivechannelincisionaftertheimplementation.(2)DuetothechangesintheregimeofflowandsedimenttransportalargenumberofchutecutoffsappearedintheLowerMississippiRiverandJingjiangreachwhichchangedthewaterwaycondition.(3)MoreattentionhasbeenpaidontheecologicalenvironmentrecoveryoftheLowerMississippiRiverinrecentyearssincethemorphologicalchangeduetoriverengineeringbecomesslow.ItisofgreatsignificancetotheconstructionofecologicalwaterwayinJingjiangreachoftheYangtzeRiver.

Keywords:TheLowerMississippiRiver;JingjiangreachofYangtzeRiver;Waterwayevolution;Riverengineering

JunzhouWang  StateKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringScience,WuhanUniversityEmail:744984879@qq.com

·08·

ApplicationandDevelopmentofSmallScaleSelfpropelledShipModelSimulationTechnology

XiaoBiaoLi

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Comparedwiththenumericalshipmodelandtherealshipexperiment,thesmallscaleselfpropelledshipmodelhasthecharacteristicsofbeingmoreintuitiveandeconomical,anditisanecessarymeansforstudyingthenavigationconditionsofthewaterway.Fromtheaspectsofengineeringapplication,system compositionanddevelopmentdirection,thispaperdidasystematicandcomprehensiveintroductionaboutthesmallscaleselfpropelledshipsimulationtechnology.Itwasfocusedontheproblemsanddeficienciesinthetheory,testmethodsandsimulationmethodsofthecurrentsmallscaleselfpropelledshipmodel.Asaresult,comparedwithsomeachievementsincurrentstage,thesolutionideasanddevelopmentdirectionsaregiven.

Keywords:Smallscaleselfpropelledshipmodel;Testingmethod;Simulationmethod

XiaoBiaoLi  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:1397769143@qq.com

·18·

PreliminaryStudyontheShipManeuveringMotionBasedonShallowWaterEffectand

NonuniformFlow

XiaoyaTang,SichenTong

NationalEngineeringResearchCenterforInlandWaterwayRegulation

Abstract

AthreedegreesoffreedomshipmotionnumericalmodelbasedonopenchannelnonuniformflowandshallowwatereffectisproposedwiththehelpoftheopenchannelnonuniformflownumericalmodelandtheMMGmodel.Acontainershipisselectedasasampleshiptosimulateshipmaneuveringmotioninmountainousrivers.TurningtestandZigZagmotiontestarecarriedoutrelyontheshallowwatermodel.Analysisfromtheresultsshowthatthespeedofstraightforwardmotiondecreasesandturningdiameterincreaseswiththedecreaseofdepthdraftratio.TheperiodofZigZagmotionincreaseswiththedecreaseofdepthdraftratio,whichmeansthatshallowwatereffectismoreprominentandmaneuverabilityisworse.Thisstudycanprovideabasisforfurtherinvestigationintotheshallowwatereffect,aswellastobeabetterunderstandingofmotioncharacteristicsinshallowwater.

Keywords:Shipmotionnumericalmodel;Shallowwatereffect;Nonuniformflow;TheMMGmodel;Shipmaneuverability

XiaoyaTang  NationalEngineeringResearchCenterforInlandWaterwayRegulationEmail:txy_say@126.com

·28·

EstimationofDesignLNWLinInlandWaterwaysandUncertaintyAnalysisunderChangingEnvironment

JiangyanZhao1,PingXie1,2,ZiyiWu1,YanfangSang3

1.StateKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringScience,WuhanUniversity2.CollaborativeInnovationCenterforTerritorialSovereigntyandMaritimeRights

3.KeyLaboratoryofWaterCycleandRelatedLandSurfaceProcesses,InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences

Abstract

Withtheinfluenceofchangingenvironment,includingglobalclimatechangeandhumanactivities,conventionalmethodsfordesigningthelowestnavigablewaterlevel(LNWL)ininlandwaterways,beingbasedonstationarydata,werenotavailableandwouldcauserisksfornavigation.Inthisarticle,weproposedanonstationarystatisticalapproachtodesigningtheLNWLbasedondurationfrequencymethod,whichcontainsthreemainsteps:(1)Thedailyaveragewaterlevelwasfirstlysortedfromlargetosmallineachyear,andthensamplesweretakenaccordingtonavigationdurationforeachyear,thatwas,90%,95% and98% respectively;(2)Hydrologicaltimeserieswasassumedtobecomposedofdeterministic(trend,jumpandperiodicities)andstochasticcomponents,thusstationarysamplesserieswithdifferentnavigationdurationcouldbegeneratedbyaddingthecorrespondingdeterministiccomponentandstationarystochasticcomponent;(3)thedistributionofthesestationarysamplesseriescouldbeestimated,basedonwhichtheLNWLcouldbedeterminedfortherequirementofdesignfrequency(orreturnperiod).Moreover,inordertoquantifyuncertaintyofdesignLNWL,thebootstrapmethodisusedevaluatetheconfidenceintervalsofthesedesignvalues.ThewaterlevelseriesmeasuredatYunjinghongStationintheLancangRiverBasinwasusedtoverifytheproposedapproach.TheresultsclearlyconfirmedtheinfluenceofnonstationarycharacteristicsontheestimationofLNWL,whichshouldbecarefullyconsideredandevaluatedforthenavigationriskassessment.

Keywords:Lowestnavigablewaterlevel;Durationfrequencymethod;Inland waterways;Hydrologicnonstationary

JiangyanZhao  StateKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringScience,WuhanUniversityEmail:zhaojiangyan@whu.edu.cn

·38·

AnalysisonInfluencingFactorsofActualShippingRouteinMountainousRiver

XiaojieZhou

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Instandardizationandlargescaleinlandrivershipsunderthebackgroundofrapiddevelopment,channeldesignstandardshiptypeisnotconsistentwithrepresentativesofnavigationchannellevelandnavigationabilityisnotharmonious,triggeringmalignanteventssuchascollision,stranding,isontherock.BycollectingtheupperYangtzeriverwaterwaycomplexhydrology,topographyandshipvoyagedata,usingthenumberoftwodimensionalwaterflowmodelforsimulatingstudyofflow,andcleartheheadwatersoftheYangtzerivernavigablerivercomplexterrainconditionsandhydrodynamiccharacteristics,navigationstatusandmechanism ofobstruction.Accordingtochannelspecificationandtheoreticalcalculation,upstream oftheYangtzeriverchannelwidth,depth,bendingradiusandvelocitygradientcombinationvaluescorrespondingtotheshiponthebeachofindexcalculation,analysisandevaluation,theresearchofthecorrespondingspecificationdesignscale.

Keywords:Discriminantindicators;Statisticalanalysis;Airworthiness route;Numericalsimulation

XiaojieZhou  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:879788827@qq.com

·48·

TheInfluenceofLocalSandExtractiononWaterwayRegulationSchemefromHeyuan

toShilonginDongjiangRiver

LingyunXie

SouthwestWatertransportandHydrotechnicsInstitution

Abstract

AwaterwayregulationschemearisestopromoteshippingcapacityinmiddlereachanddownreachofDongjiangRiverfromHeyuantoShilong.However,frequentartificialsandmininginthiswaterareawilllaunchenormousanddeterminateeffectonthewaterwayregulationexpectation.Inthispaper,atwodimensionalflowmodelhasbeensettosimulateeffectcausedbysandextractionwithlocation,size,depthandvolumeofartificialsandminingconsidered.Simulationresultindicatesthatlocalsandextractionwillreducenavigationwaterdepthandexaggeratelocalcurrentvelocityaroundsandmininglocation.Reregulationofrelatedchannelwillconductdominoeffectonentailchannelregulationprojectwithlargerexcavationquantityandlowerfeasibility.

Keywords:Waterwayregulation;Artificialsandmining;Numericalsimulation

LingyunXie  SouthwestWatertransportandHydrotechnicsInstitutionEmail:1178883846@qq.com

·58·

RouteSelectionofShipBasedonPquantileMethod

FanFeng

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

TherearemanyproblemsintheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver,andthechanneldivisionismostlybasedonplanning.Thescaleofthechannelcannotbeeffectivelymatchedwiththeshipsizeandtheactualchannelflowconditions,leadingtotheexistenceofrestrictedandobstructedareasintheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.BasedonthePquantilemethod,thispaperputsforwardthemethodofdeterminingtheupstreamanddownstreamroutesoftheship.Accordingtothestatisticalflowvelocityoftheship’scruisetrackwithdifferentflowconditions,thePvalueisselecteddynamically.Thechannelisfurtherdividedintothemainstreamzone,subslowflowzoneandslowflowzone,soastoeffectivelyguidethechoiceoftheshipupanddownroutes.ThismethodisapplicabletothedivisionoftheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverandotherinlandwaterwayroutes.

Keywords:Pquantilemethod;Route;Velocityzone;Channel

FanFeng  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:337695354@qq.com

·68·

IdeasandSchemesforManagingtheBraidedRiverSectionamongtheShoalGroupComplexattheMiddleReachesoftheSonghuaRiver

YangGuo

TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering

Abstract

TheNongnongRiverSanzhanRiversection(NS)oftheSonghuaRiverisformedbythreeshoalgroups—theNongnongRiver,TaipingMountain,andSanzhan—andisatypicalcomplexbraidedreach.Theshoalsectioncontainsvariousnavigationobstacles,includingawideandshallowriverbed,numerousislands,flowdispersion,lackofdepth,smallbendingradius,andfrequentlyoscillatingnavigationroutes.Thegoalofimprovingthewaterwayconditionscannotbeachievedbydependingsolelyonthenaturalevolutionoftheriverbed.ThereisanurgentneedtomanagethekeyNSshoalstoensurethatthewaterwayatthemiddlereachesoftheSonghuaRiverremainseasilynavigable.Therelationshipbetweenwatersedimentmovementandtheevolutionoftheriverchannelisexaminedwithterraindatameasuredinrecentyearsbeingusedasthebasis.Thepurposeistounderstandthemechanismbehindtheformationofthenavigationobstaclesatthevariousshoalgroups.AfteranalyzingthesandbankchangesandtrendsinwaterwaychangesatthethreeNSshoals,theproposedideasforwaterwaymanagementincludestabilizingtheheadofthesandbank,blockingthetributariesanddeepeningthemainriver;andclearingsandusingtheconvergingflowmethod.Thecorrespondinglayoutplansfortheproposalarealsoprepared.Next,mathematicalmodelingisusedforaninitialtestoftheeffectivenessoftheproposal.ThisstudycanprovidetechnicalsupportformanagingthecomplexbraidedwaterwayoftheSonghuaRiverBasin.

Keywords:Braidedreach;Managementideas;Trendforecasting;MiddlereachesoftheSonghuaRiver

YangGuo  TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineeringEmail:271803237@qq.com

·78·

ResearchonTridalWaterLevelofOverlengthShallowAreaintheCentralofBohaiSea

XianweiKong

TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering,M.O.T

Abstract

Thewaterdepthatthelowestpointis24.5monchartinthecentralareaoftheBohaiSeaandthebiggestshipdraftallowedis21.4m.Thelengthoftheshallowzonewhichcan’tsatisfythenavigationrequirementofthe400,000tshipwithdraft23.0mis76nm.AmathematicalmodelwasusedtosimulatethetidallevelinBohaiwatersfor1year.Andanalyzedthepropagationlawoftidalwavesintheoverlengthshallowareaassaidabove.Thenputforwardthetidewaterlevelofthissupershallowarea.Andcomputedthebiggestdraftofthe400,000tshipwhichbeallowed.Theresultsshowthatthebiggesttidallevelisadvisable1.0m,andbasedonthistidallevel,thebiggestdraftofthe400,000tshipallowedis22.1mintheoverlengthshallowareaabove.

Keywords:400,000tship;Bohai;Thebiggestshipdraftallowed

XianweiKong  TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering,M.O.TEmail:tkykxw@vip.126.com

·88·

NumericalSimulationStudyontheOptimizationofReefBlastingSchemeinFomiantanBeach

ZhongchaoYang QiujieHuang

ChongqingJiaotongUniversing

Abstract

TheFomiantanbeachthatisareefextendtheheartoftheriverbetweenFulingandFengduYangtzeRiver,whichcausestrongcrossflowandflowdisorderinfloodseason,theshipmustgoupstreamby“crosstheriver”,conflictwiththedownstreamroutesoastoendangerthesafetyoftheship’snavigation.Thereforetakingblastingpartialreefimprovethenavigationflowcondition.ThispaperestablishedtwodimensionalflowmathematicalmodeloftheFomiantanbeach.Accordingtothemostturbulentflowthatthreatenmostlyship’snavigation,theseflowofeightreefblastingschemearesimulated,andtheoptimalreefblastingschemeisobtainedbycomparingtheflowvelocity,transversevelocity,ratiooftransverseandlongitudinalofvelocity,ratioofpushanddragforceofshipandeffectiveratioofunitdeepdepthofeachreefscheme,whichcanbeusedforthewaterwayregulationoftheFomiantanbeach.

Keywords:Fomiantanbeach;Waterwayregulation;Numericalsimulation;Reefblasting

ZhongchaoYang  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:475312252@qq.com

·98·

StudyontheEvolutionCharacteristicsandInfluencingFactorsofJingjiangBeachunder

NewWaterandSandConditions

YunchengWen,HuaXu

NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute

Abstract

Onthebasicofthemeasuredwater,sedimentandtopographyoftheupstreamanddownstreamofFujiangsandshoalincludingJingjiangsidebarastheresearchobject,firstly,thepaperanalyzesthedynamiccharacteristicsofwaterandsandinJingjiangsidebar,secondly,analyzestheevolutioncharacteristicofJingjiangsidebarbyyearsofpracticalterraindatawhichisfromangleofthechangeofriverbedandthesidebarcuttingfeatures,finally,analyzestheinfluenceofflowandsedimentupstream,floodandebbtideinshore,thevariedriverregimeofbeachandgrooveinengineeringreachontheevolutionofJingjiangsidebar,theresearchshowedthatthesedimentationspeedwillslowandevolutionperiodwillbechangeunderthebackgroundoftherecedeofthevariedofriverregimeintheupstreamanddownstreamandthereduceofthesedimentupstream.

Keywords:Sidebar;Evolutioncharacteristic;Impactfactors

YunchengWen  NanjingHydraulicResearchInstituteEmail:wyc1003@163.com

·09·

ArrangementandExperimentalStudyofWaterFillingandEmptyingSystemwithLongUnilateralCorridorandCrossBranchCorridorsforHighHeadShipLock

XujinZhang,ZhaobingWang,LiangChen,QianSun

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

1.PurposesCaojieNavigationandPowerProjectisthelargestnavigationandelectrichubontheJialingRiver.ThefirstlinelockhasbeenconstructedontheleftbankoftheJialingRiver,andtheplannedsecondlinelockwillbelocatedclosetothefirstlinelockandalreadybuiltYuheExpressway.Ifthesecondlinelockisarrangedinaconventionalway,notonlytheconstructionofsecondlinelockrequiresanextensiveexcavationofthemountains,butalsoYuheExpresswayneedschangeroute,whichresultintheconstructioncostsubstantiallyincreasing.Therefore,thesecondlinelockadoptunilateralcorridorfillingemptyingsystem,whichisanewtypeofwaterfillingandemptyingsystemwithnoapplicationforsimilarlocks.Inaddition,Caojielockhasalargewaterhead,highhydraulicindexandtechnicaldifficulty.Itisofgreatsignificancetostudythearrangementoftheunilateralwaterfillingandemptyingsystemandthehydraulicproblemsforthehighheadlock.Finally,throughtheresearchinthispaper,thearrangementofCaojiesecondlinelockanditstechnicaldifficultiesinhydraulicshavebeensolved,whichguaranteedthesmoothimplementationoftheproject,promotedthedevelopmentofshiplockhydraulics,andprovidedreferenceforsimilarprojects.2.MethodsThe1∶40localphysicalmodelandthe1∶25overallphysicalmodel.3.Results(1)Thelayoutpatternofthewaterfillingandemptyingsystemwithaunilateralwallcorridorandthecrossbranchcorridorsforhighheadlockwasputforward.Thepatternanddimensionsforeachpartofthelockweredetermined.(2)Therelationshipbetweenflowdistributionruleandarcradiusofthecrossbranchcorridorinletswereanalyzed.Theinlettypewithsameareaanddifferentarcradiusofcrossbranchcorridorwereproposed,whichmadetheinletflow

·19·

distributionmoreuniform.(3)Asystematicstudywasconductedonthelayoutofthedoubleopenditchenergydissipaterinthechamberforthehighheadlock,thedissipationeffectiveness,theflowdischargedistribution,andtheflowdistributionrulesinthelateralbranchorificesconnectedwithcrossbranchcorridors.Asaresult,theenergydissipationeffectofthedissipaterwasimprovedandtheshipberthingconditionswereamelioratedinthechamber.4.ConclusionsUndertheconditionofthemaximumwaterhead,thewaterdeliverytimeofthelock,theberthingconditionsinthechamber,andthepressureateachpartofthecorridor,etc.,canmeettherequirementsofspecificationanddesign.TheresearchresultsprovidedscientificbasisforthedesignofCaojiesecondlineshiplock.Theapplicationfieldsofthewaterfillingandemptyingsystemwithaunilateralcorridorforhighheadlockwasbroadened,andthehydraulicsresearchlevelwasimproved.

Keywords:Waterfillingandemptyingsystem;Unilateralcorridor;Crossbranchcorridors;Highheadlock

XujinZhang  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:714806094@qq.com

·29·

HydrodynamicCharacteristicsofCombinedEnergyDissipationChambersforLockhead

FillingSystems

MingChen,JiankangMiao,LimingDuan

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

AcombinedchamberwithgratedportsforenergydissipationisrecentlyintroducedandwidelyusedintheshortculvertsystemsfornavigationlocksinChina,whereassuchdissipationdevicewithoutanyotherauxiliarydissipatorcannotperformwellbasedonpreviousstudies.Thispaperproposesanewdesignforthecombinedchamberwithanameas“Ktypeenergydissipator”.Laboratoryexperimentswerecarriedouttoinvestigatethehydraulicperformanceofthecombinedchamberwithnewdesignforauxiliaryenergydissipators.Inaddition,athreedimensionalCFDmodelisdevelopedtorevealthehydraulicbehaviorsindetail.BothoftheexperimentalandnumericalresultsconfirmthattheKtypeenergydissipatorperformsbetterthanothersintermsofthevelocitydistributioninlockchamberanddischargedistributionofgratedports.

Keywords:Navigationlock;Flowstructure;Experimental;Numericalsimulation

MingChen  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:chenmingjy@126.com

·39·

书书书

StudyontheArrangementandHydraulicsCharacteristicsofWatersavingShipLockwithWaterMutualFillingandEmptyingSystem

LiangChen1,ZhaobinWang1,QianSun2

1.SouthwestHydraulicInstituteforWaterways,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

WiththedevelopmentofChina’sinlandwaterwaybusiness,thedemandforlogisticsisincreasingdaybyday,andtheexistinglockthroughputcapacitycannotmeetthedemandforthefreightvolume.Asaresult,inrecentyears,alargenumberofdoubleline,threeline,andfourlineshiplockshavebeenbuiltinChina.However,fortheinlandriverslackingwaterinthedryseason,thecontradictionbetweentheshipping,powergenerationandwaterirrigationisveryprominent.Itisanurgentproblemfornewandextendedshiplocksthathowtosavewaterconsumptionandimprovethecapacityofshiplock.BasedondoublelineorthreelineshiplockswithwatermutualfillingandemptyingsystemofFeilaixiahydraulicpowerstation,inthispaperaphysicalmodelofthescaleof1∶30isadoptedtostudythearrangementofthewatermutualfillingandemptyingsystem,theoperationmodeofsinglelineanddoublelineshiplocks,waterhydraulicindex,andtheberthingconditionsinchamber.Theresultsshowthatthemaximumwatersavingratecanreach48.6%,theannualwaterconsumptioncanreach306millionm3undertherecommendedtestconditions,andtheshiplockcapacitycanalsomeetthedesignrequirements.Withsimplelayoutandsmallamountofengineering,thistypeofwatermutualfillingandemptyingsystem caneffectivelysavethewaterconsumption,andhassignificanteconomicbenefits.Theresearchresultscanbedirectlyappliedtothedesign,constructionandmanagementofshiplockinChina,anditspopularizationandapplicationprospectisverybroad.

Keywords:Doublelineshiplocks;Watermutualfillingandemptyingsystem;Physicalmodeltests;Watersaving

LiangChen  SouthwestHydraulicInstituteforWaterways,ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:362364541@qq.com

·49·

TheReachofSecondaryRegulationIdeasandControlParametersoftheBranching

ReachintheHillyRegion

ChenyangWang,JianjunWang,Yi’anWang

TianjinResearchInstituteforwatertransportengineering,M.O.T.

Abstract

TheSonghuariverfromPuyahetoPutaojiaisatypicalbranchingreachwithmanycomplexterrainandshoals.Oldregulatingstructuresoftheriver,suchasspurdikesandclosuredamsetc,aredamagedandcollapsed.Inthispaper,thefeatureofwaterandsedimentinflowsareanalyzed.

Then,theriverbedevolutionlawandtheformingreasonofshoalsarestudiedbasedonyearsofthetopographicandhydrologicdata.Andsecondaryregulationideasareproposedfinally.Furthermore,schemeeffectsondifferentheightofregulatingstructuresanddiverseregulationwidthsareevaluatedbyusingthe2Dmathematicalmodel.

Theresultsindicated:regulationstageoftherivermustbe0.7mabovethedesignlevelandwidthofthewaterwaymustbe450m.

Keywords:Branchingreach;Riverbedevolution;Ideaofregulation;Mathematicalmodel

ChenyangWang  TianjinResearchInstituteforwatertransportengineering,M.O.T.Email:chenyang3623@163.com

·59·

NumericalSimulationsofOverlandFlowsforSoilErosion

YafeiJia1,SimonXu2,FenliZheng2,JiayuFang1

1.TheUniversityofMississippi2.StateKeyLaboratoryofSoilErosionandDrylandFarmingontheLoessPlateau

Abstract

Soilerosionfromfarmlandsresultsintopsoilandnutrientloss,andformsgulliesonthelandsurfacedowngradingtheproductivityandcultivability.Tostudytheerosionandgullyformingprocessoverasoilsurface,themethodsofphysicalexperimentsandnumericalsimulationsareoftenused.Inthispaper,aphysicallybasedhydrodynamicmodel,CCHE2D,isappliedtosimulatetheoverlandflowprocessesinindoorphysicalexperimentsforsoilerosionandgullydevelopmentonloessandmollisolsoilslopes.Thesimulatedphysicalparameters,flowvelocity,waterdepthandunitdischarges,werecomparedwiththeobserveddata.Theflowconditionsincludedrainfall,lateralflowsandupstreamflows,andtotalnineteensetsofexperimentsweresimulated.Thenumericalsimulationsareingoodagreementtotheexperimentsconsideringthecomplexsoiltopography.Thisstudyvalidatedthisphysicallybasedmodelandconfirmeditsapplicabilitytooverlandflowsonhillslopeswithsoilerosionandgullydevelopment.

Keywords:Overlandflow;Numericalsimulation;Soilerosion;Modelvalidation;Experiment

YafeiJia  TheUniversityofMississippiEmail:jia@ncche.olemiss.edu

·69·

DevelopmentofanAdaptiveMultidimensionalSurfaceWaterNutrientandContaminant

ModelingCapability

BillyJohnson1,TateMcAlpin1,ZhonglongZhang2,DavidSmith1,JodiRyder1,GauravSavant3

1.ArmyEngineerResearchandDevelopmentCenter(ERDC)2.LimnoTechInc

3.DynamicSolutionsIncAbstract

TheAdaptiveHydraulics(AdH)model(1D/2D/3D)isastateoftheartphysicsbasedhydrodynamicandtransportmodelbuiltfromthegroundupbytheUSArmyCorpofEngineers(USACE);itistheUSACEEnterpriseFiniteElementNumericalModel,utilizingmodernnumericalsolutions,multiplatformcapabilities,andlibraryformatforefficientlyintegratingsedimentandwaterqualitymodules.AdHisuniqueinitsabilitytochange(adapt)itscomputationalmeshaswellascomputationaltimestepasitcalculateshydrodynamicsandtransport.Thisabilitytoadaptmeansthatthespatialandtemporalresolutionneededforaccuratecalculationofsystem variables,particularalongfronts,orgradients,offlowortransportedmaterials,isalwayspresentwhenneeded.Whenthefrontorgradientdissipates,theadditionalresolutionisautomaticallyremovedsothattheadditionalcomputationaleffortisonlyexpendedwhenneeded.AdHisdesignedtocommunicatewithprocessmodules,allowingtheusertoselectthemostappropriateandrelevantprocessesfortheproblemathand.AdHislinkedtomodulesforturbulenceclosureschemes,flowcontrolstructures,andsedimenttransportandbedevolution(SEDLIB).Morerecently,theU.S.ArmyEngineerResearchandDevelopmentCenter(ERDC)hasbeendevelopingnutrientandcontaminantmodules,NutrientSimulationModule(NSM)andContaminantSimulationModule(CSM)respectively.NSMsimulatescomplexalgal,nitrogen,phosphorus,andcarboncyclesalongwithotherwaterqualityconstituents.CSM wasdevelopedtosimulatecomplexorganicandinorganickineticsfordissolvedandsorbedformedchemicalsandmetals.TheintegrationofthesemoduleswithAdHprovideUSACEwiththecapabilitytoperformmultidimensionalhydrodynamic,sediment,nutrient,andcontaminantsimulationsforavarietyofproblemsatthescalewarrantedbytheprojectgoals.ThispaperwilldiscusscurrentdevelopmentactivitiesinvolvingAdHanditsassociatedmodulesaswellastestingandvalidationstudiesdemonstratingthenewcapabilities.

Keywords:AdH;NSM;CSM;Hydrodynamics;Sediment;Nutrients;Contaminants

BillyJohnson  ArmyEngineerResearchandDevelopmentCenter(ERDC)Email:billy.e.johnson@usace.army.mil

·79·

OntheStudyofDebrisFlowUsingComputationalFluidDynamics(CFD)

NicolasSchaer1,2,DamienKuss3,YannQueffelean3,MatthieuDufresne2,JoséVazquez1,JonathanWertel2,GillesIsenmann1

1.LaboratoryICube,UniversityofStrasbourg2.3DEau3.RTM

Abstract

Whenheavyrainshappeninmountains,populationareascanbeimpactedbyfloodingandsedimenttransportsuchasdebrisflows.Theyaregeologicalphenomenainwhichwaterladenmassesofsoilandfragmentedrockrushdownmountainsides,funnelintostreamchannels,entrainobjectsintheirpaths,andformthick,muddydepositsonvalleyfloors.Today,thepredictionofareaswhichcanbepotentiallyimpactedbydebrisflowsisassessedusing1Dor2Dcalculationmodels.However,thesenumericaltoolscannotfullyrepresentthefreesurfaceflowandthenonNewtonianbehaviorofadebrisflows.Toimprovethis,numericalmodelingwithathreedimensionalapproachispossible.

Thispaperpresentacomplementarystudybetween2D numericalapproach andcomputationalfluiddynamics(CFD)forthecaseoftheVaudaineRiver,intheFrenchAlps.TheobjectiveofthestudyaretofullyrepresenttherheologicalbehaviorofthedebrisflowwithCFDandtohighlightthedifferencesbetweenthetwoapproaches.

The2DmodelhasbeendevelopedbytheInstitutnationaldeRechercheenSciencesetTechnologiespourl’Environnementetl’Agriculture(IRSTEA),formerlyknownasCemagref,whichisapublicresearchinstituteinFrancefocusingonlandmanagementissues,suchaswaterresourcesandagriculturaltechnology.ThesoftwareLave2DhasbeenusedlastyearsbytheOfficeNationaldesForêts(ONF)topredictthepotentialimpactedzonesandtodesignprotectionbuildingsalongthecatchmentbasinoftheVaudaineRiver.

The3DnumericalmodelhasbeenbuiltbasedonthegeometricmeasurementofthecatchmentareaoftheVaudaineRiver(threedimensionalscan).ThemeshoftheCFDmodeliscomposedof1,400,000cells(agridsensitivityanalysishasbeencarriedouttocheckthismesh).ThesoftwareOpenFOAMandthesolverInterFoamhavebeenusedforthesimulationoftheflow.ThebehaviorofdebrisflowisdescribedbytheHerschelBulkleymodelwhichdefinestheliquidregimeandthesolidregimeoftheyieldstressfluid.Torunthesimulations,weusedthebiviscousregularizedmodel(TannerandMilthrope,1983).Debrisflowdepths,velocity

·89·

fieldsandmechanicalstresseshavebeenextractedandcomparedtothoseestimatedinthetwodimensionalmodel.

Forthedepths,thedifferencebetween2Dand3Dresultsismorethan5%.Themaindifferenceishowthefrictionbetweendebrisflowandthegroundisrepresentedinthecode.Comparedtoatheoreticalmodel,thedifferencewithCFDintermsofdepthsisapproximately20%.Numericalsimulationshavealsobeencarriedoutinordertocomparethebehaviorofthedebrisflowclosetoaroadbridge.Theaimofthiscomparisonwastoestimatetheimpactoftheflowonthecivilengineeringstructure.ThiscomparisonshowsthatthestressfieldisbetterdescribedwiththeCFDapproach.ItcanbeexplainedbythefactthattheCFDmodeltakesintoaccountthedeformationandthedistributionofthevelocityfieldaccordingtheverticalaxisclosetothebridge.

Attheendofthisstudy,themainconclusionarethefollowing.TheCFDmodel(withoutanycalibration)showssomedifferenceintheresultscomparedtothebidimensionalmodelforthedepthsandtherelativelygoodagreementforthevelocities(despitesomehypothesis).ACFDmodelcanbeusedtoeasilyandrapidlytestanumberofconfigurationsbeforedesignthebestprotectionbuilding.Thereisthereforeagoodcomplementaritybetweenthe2Dmodelandthe3Dmodel.Abidimensionalmodelcanbeusedtocollectinformationaboutzoneswherethereisarisktomeetsomespreadingofthedebrisflow.Finally,aCFDmodelcanbeusedtocompletethoseprimariesresultsdependingontheaspectofthedebrisflowthatwewanttorefine:depth,velocity,impactforce.Acoupledapproachbetweenthesetwotoolscanthereforebeusedfortheupcomingprojectstomanagedebrisflows.

Keywords:Debrisflow;ComputationalFluidDynamics(CFD);NonNewtonianfluid;Yieldstressfluids;Sediment

NicolasSchaer  LaboratoryICube,UniversityofStrasbourgEmail:nicolas.schaer@3deau.fr

·99·

ExperimentalStudyonBankEffectModelofInlandShipsunderUnconstantFlowConditions

YahuiLiu,PengSun,TengZhao

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Basedonthecombinationoftheoreticalanalysisandmodeltest,themethodofshipmodeltestanddataacquisitionunderunsteadyflowconditionsaredesignedundertheconditionofspecificwaterdepth.

Andwecarryoutshipmodeltestsunderdifferentdistanceofshipandshoreanddifferentvelocity.Theresultsofcomparisontestandtheoreticalanalysisshowthattheexperimentalresultsareclosetothetheoreticalanalysis.Whichprovesthefeasibilityofthetestmethodusedinshallowdraftandnarrowchannelshipmodeltest,andprovidesreferenceforthemodeltestanalysisofinlandriverships.

Keywords:Shipmodeltest;Testmethod;Unsteadyflow

YahuiLiu  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:602811760@qq.com

·001·

TheStudyonInfluenceofWaterDepthontheFlowFieldCharacteristicsofHighPressureWaterJet

GuanbingXu1,2,ShengfaYang1,2,WeiYang1,2,XianglongWei1,2

1.DepartmentofRiverandOceanEngineering,HydraulicEngineering,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.NationalEngineeringResearchCenterforInlandWaterwayRegulation

Abstract

Intheengineeringpracticeofusinghighpressurewaterjetstoremoveunderwaterreefs,waterdepthisanimportantcharacteristicvariablethataffectsconstructionefficiency.Inthispaper,themathematicalmodelwasusedtosimulatethedifferentworkingconditionsofhighpressurewaterjetunderwateroperationtoexploretheinfluenceofwaterdepthontheflowfieldcharacteristicsofthejet.Theresultsshowedthattheradialflowvelocitydistributionruleisdifferentunderdifferentwaterdepthconditions.The0meterswaterdepthattenuationistheslowest,20metersisthesecondandthe40metersdecaysthefastest.Thepresenceofwaterdepthwillcausetheaxialflowvelocitytodecayandthegreaterthewaterdepth,thegreatertheflowattenuation.Solvingthewaterdepthisofgreatsignificancetotheproblemofwaterjetimpactonrockefficiency.

Keywords:Highpressurewaterjet;Flowfieldcharacteristics;Waterwayregulation

GuanbingXu  DepartmentofRiverandOceanEngineering,HydraulicEngineering,ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:237367310@qq.com

·101·

3DNumericalModelingoftheInfluenceofGateRemovalTimeonDamBreakFlowCharacteristics

MustafaAltinakar,NuttitaPophet,YavuzOzeren

TheUniversityofMississippi

Abstract

TheinfluenceofthegateopeningspeedontheflowcharacteristicsoflaboratorygenerateddambreakflowsareinvestigatedbythreedimensionalnumericalmodelingwithOpenFOAM.ThenumericalmodelemploysfinitevolumediscretizationonaCartesiangrid.ThefreesurfaceismodeledusingVOF(VolumeofFluid)method.ThediscretizedequationsaresolvedusingInterFOAMsolver.Themovementofthegateissimulatedasadynamicinternalboundarycondition.Inthenumericalmodel,thegateisassumedtomoveupwardwithaprescribedspeed.Theboundaryconditionforthedownstreamfaceofthecellimmediatelyupstreamofthegateismodifiedtopasstheflowassoonasthelowerlipoftheupwardmovinggatereachestheheightofthecenterofthethatcell.Themodeledexperimentalsystemdepictsachannelupstreamofthegatewhereasthedownstreamfloodplainisnonchannelized.Thenumericalexperimentsarecarriedoutatdifferentgatesspeedsandtheupwardgatespeedistakenfromtheexperimentaldata.Theexperimentalstudyandtheresultsarepresentedinasecondpaper,forwhichasecondabstracthasbeensubmittedtothisconference.Thenumericalresultsarecomparedwiththeexperimentaldataobtainedinlaboratorytestfacilityunderthesameconditions.Thepaperpresentstheresultsofthenumericalexperimentsandtheircomparisonwithexperimentaldata.Theconclusionsdiscusstheinfluenceofthegatespeedonthelaboratorydambreakflows.

Keywords:Dambreak;Numericalmodel;Gateremovalspeed

MustafaAltinakar  TheUniversityofMississippiEmail:altinakar@ncche.olemiss.edu

·201·

StudyontheMeasurementofWaterFlowCharacteristicsofSubmergentRigidVegetation

HefangJing,YingtingSong,WeihongWang,ChunguangLi

NorthMinzuUniversity

Abstract

Inordertostudytheflowcharacteristicswithaquaticvegetation,seriesoflaboratoryexperimentsinopenchannelshavebeendone,inwhichplantsaresubstitutedbyglassrodswithdiametersof6mm,8mmand10mm,respectively.Foreachdiameterofglassrods,fourtypicalcasesaresetaccordingtodensityandarrangementoftheglassrods.Thevelocityandwaterleveldistributionsunderthefourcaseshavebeenmeasuredbyseveralinstruments,suchasthreedimensional(3D)laserDopplervelocimeter(LDV),waterlevelgauge,etc.Thewatersurfaceslope,watervelocity,waterheadloss,anddragforceofvegetationandhydraulicslopearecalculated,analyzedanddiscussed.Thehorizontalvegetationdensity,verticalvegetationdensityandtotalvegetationdensityinthevegetationareaweredefinedandtherelationshipsbetweenthemandthewatersurfaceslopewerestudied.Theheadlossandhydraulicslopeinthevegetationareawerealsocalculated,comparedandanalyzed.Throughthestudy,itisfoundthatthewatersurfaceslope,velocity,headlossandhydraulicslopeinthevegetationareahavedeeprelationshipwiththearrangement,density,anddiameterofthevegetation.Andtherelationshipswerepresentedqualitativelyorquantitativelyinthisstudy.

Keywords:Aquaticvegetation;Flowvelocity;LDV;Headloss;Hydraulicslope

HefangJing  NorthMinzuUniversityEmail:jinghef@163.com

·301·

NumericalModelingofFlowandSedimentinPelahatchieBayandItsUplandWatershed

XiaoboChao1,RonaldBingner2,YaoxinZhang1,LindseyYasarer2,YafeiJia1

1.TheUniversityofMississippi2.USDANationalSedimentationLaboratory

Abstract

PelahatchieBaylocatedinthenortheastofJackson,thecapitalcityofMississippi.Itsuplandwatershed,MillPelahatchieCreekWatershedcontainsahighpercentageofconstructionsitesanddevelopedarea,causingalotofsedimentandassociatedpollutantstodischargeintothebaythroughrunoff.Inaddition,sediment,nutrients,andotherpollutantsmayalsoflowintoPelahatchieBayfromtheupstreamPelahatchieCreek.

ThemajorwaterqualityprobleminPelahatchieBayissedimentation,whichcauseshighturbidityandlimitsboatnavigationinthebay.Thelevelsofnitrogenandphosphorusinthebayarerelativelyhighandcauseexcessivegrowthofaquaticplants.Thedenseaquaticvegetationmayreducethewatersurfacearea,causemoresedimentdepositionandaffectboatnavigation.

Inthisstudy,theAnnualizedAgriculturalNonPointSource(AnnAGNPS)pollutantloadingwatershedmanagementmodel,developedattheUSDAARS,NationalSedimentationLaboratory(NSL),areappliedtosimulatetheloadsofrunoffandsedimentfromtheuplandwatershed.ThesimulatedresultsareusedasboundaryconditionsforCCHE,afreesurfaceflow,sedimentandwaterqualitymodeldevelopedattheNationalCenterforComputationalHydroscienceandEngineering(NCCHE),tosimulateflow,sedimentandwaterqualityprocessesinPelahatchieBay.Theconcentrationdistributionsofsedimentandnutrients(nitrogenandphosphorus),andtheirvariationsintimeduetotheinfluencesofuplandloadingandwind,aresimulated.Themodelresultsarecomparedwithfieldmeasurements,andgoodagreementsareobtained.

Keywords:Numericalmodel;Watershedmodel;Flow;Sediment

XiaoboChao  TheUniversityofMississippiEmail:chao@ncche.olemiss.edu

·401·

StrategytoCoupleanImplicitHydrodynamicModelandWaterQualityModuleswithTemperatureModuleasaDemonstration

YongG.Lai

U.S.BureauofReclamation

Abstract

Governmentregulatorshavespecifiedacceptablewaterqualityvaluesduetohealthconcernsandbasedonhabitatandbiologicalcriteria.Thesestreamwaterqualitythresholdsimposeconstraintsonreservoiroperationsandcanlimitwaterdeliveriesandpowergeneration.Existingtoolsbasedonlowordermodelingsimplifyastreamtoasimplelinewithlimitedspatialdistributionofinputsandpoorlyrepresentphysicsofstreamprocesses.Thelimitedspatialextentsrestricttheusefulnessoflowordermodelingforsuchfeaturesasagriculturalreturns,gravelpits,groundwaterupwelling,sidechannelactivation,andstreamsidevegetation.Italsoimposeslimitationonfishhabitatassessmentandreoperationoutsidetherangeofthecalibrationdatasets.

Thisstudydevelopsastrategytocoupleanimplicit,twodimensional(2D),depthaveragedhydrodynamicandsedimenttransportmodeltothewaterqualitymodules(WQM).ThehydrodynamicmodelisbasedonSRH2DdevelopedattheU.S.BureauofReclamationandwidelyusedforengineeringprojects.The2Dmodelincorporatesdatawithbothlateralandlongitudinalgeographicextentsratherthanlumpingresultsintoapointtopointorunidirectionalrepresentation.Theobjectiveistoimprovetherepresentationofspatialfeatureswherelowordermodelsresorttoempiricismforalumpedtreatment.Betterrepresentationofprocessesleadstoincreasedpredictabilityandaccuracyandhigherconfidence.TheWQMsaredevelopedattheUSArmyCorpsofEngineer(USACE)whichhavebeenincorporatedintoothermodelssuchasHECRAS1D,HECResSimandAdHmodels.

Inthepaper,strategyandtechniquesarepresentedonhowthecouplingofhydrodynamicandwaterqualitymodelsisachievedandhowthemodelrobustnessandeaseofusemayberealizedforengineeringapplications.Inparticular,thecouplingmethodistestedandverifiedwiththetemperaturemoduleasademonstrationofthecouplingstrategy.Thetemperaturemodelutilizesmeteorologicaldataasinputs(solarradiation,cloudcover,airtemperature,dewpointtemperatureandwindspeed).Physicalprocessesmodeledincludesolarandatmospheric

·501·

radiations,waterbackradiation,heatexchangebetweenwaterandriverbed,watersurfaceevaporativeandconductivelosses.Testandverificationareforsimplecasesfirstwithanalyticalsolutions.Themodelisthenverifiedbyapplyingtorealstreams.

Keywords:Waterquality;2Dwaterqualitymodel;Temperaturemodel;Integratedmodel

YongG.Lai  U.S.BureauofReclamationEmail:ylai@usbr.gov

·601·

ApplicationofFastADISolvertoComplexGeometriesonGPU

YaoxinZhang,YafeiJia

TheUniversityofMississippi

Abstract

InCFD(ComputationalFluidsDynamics)analysis,theADI(AlternatingDirectionImplicit)solverforthetridiagonalsystemhasbeenwidelyusedamongthemodelsbasedonthestructuredmeshsystem.TheADIsolverissimpleandeasytoimplement,althoughitsimplicitnessanddependencyarenotasstrongastheSIP(StrongImplicitProcedure,Stone,1968)solverandthusitsconvergencespeedisslower.Infact,thestrongdependencyoftheSIPsolvermakesitextremelyunfriendlyforparallelization.AsfortheADIsolver,basedontheParallelCyclicReduction(PCR)algorithm proposedbyHockenyandJesshope(1981),ithasbeensuccessfullyparallelizedandappliedtoflowsimulationsinCFDanalysis(Sakharnykh,2009;ZhangandJia,2013aand2013b)andheatconductionsimulations(Zhangetal.,2010;Weietal.,2013).

ForCFDanalysis,therearethreemainproblemsidentifiedforthefastADIsolversparallelizedwiththePCRonGPUswhenapplyingtocomplexgeometries:(1)thenumericalstabilityproblemduetoitssemiimplicitness(Thatis,implicitinonedirectionbutexplicitinanotherdirection);(2)theinsufficientcomputationaccuracyduetotheuseofsingleprecisioncomputationor/andthefastmathlibrary;and,(3)thesizelimitationsbythethreadsblockmappingsandtheuseofsharedmemoryinthePCRforlargescaledomainswherethereareusuallymuchmoremeshlinesthanthenumberofthreadsperblockonGPU.Inthisstudy,theaboveproblemsofthefastADIsolverwereexplored.BoththeserialversionandparallelversionoftheADIsolverwerereviewed.Anewmappingmethod,namely,mapping,wasproposedtoresolvethesizelimitationsproblemsofthePCRonGPU.Differentmappingmethods(oneblockwithoutiteration,oneblockwithiterations,multiblockwithoutiteration,andoneblockwithpartitions)werereviewedandcomparedaccordingtothenumericalapplicationsincomplexgeometries.

Keywords:ADI;ParallelComputing;GPU;CUDA

YaoxinZhang  TheUniversityofMississippiEmail:yzhang@ncche.olemiss.edu

·701·

LargeEddySimulationforFlowoveraBackwardfacingStepwithHighReynoldsNumber

FangfangWang1,2,ShiqiangWu1,AngGao1

1.NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute2.HohaiUniversity

Abstract

Turbulentflowoverathreedimensionalbackwardfacingstepissuccessfullysimulatedbythelargeeddysimulation(LES).SimulationiscarriedoutatahighReynoldsnumberof9,000(basedonthefreestreamvelocityUbandstepheighth)withachannelexpansionradioof2.DynamicSmagorinskyLilymodelisusedasthesubgridscalemodel.Asaresult,therecirculationlengthandothermeancharacteristicsallagreewellwiththeDNSandtheexperimentalresults.Thetransientlargescalevortexesweregraphicallydepictedinthetwodimensionalinstantaneousstreamlines.Boththemeanandtransientcharacteristicsforthebackwardfacingflowwereanalyzed.LESturbulentmodelcouldbeausefultoolforinvestigatingtheseparatedturbulentflow.

Keywords:Backwardfacingstep;Largeeddysimulation;HighReynolds;Coherentlargescalevortex

FangfangWang  NanjingHydraulicResearchInstituteEmail:717044621@qq.com

·801·

NumericalSimulationsofAirPressurisationWithinDdropshafts

AdrianWingKeungLaw1,MinLi1,JieSong2,AdrianChunHinLai1

1.NanyangTechnologicalUniversity2.HyundaiEngineering&ConstructionCo.Ltd

Abstract

Dropshaftsarecommonlyusedtotransferwaterfromsurfacechannelstodeeptunnels.Whenthedropheightishigh,largeairpressurisationmaydevelopinthesystemwhichmayrestricttheflowrateofthetransfer.Numerousstudiesutilisingphysicalmodelshavebeencommonlyundertakentoaddressthisissueinthepast.However,studiesutilisingphysicalmodelsarerelativelytimeconsumingandexpensive.Thealternativeuseofnumericalmodelsisnowbecomingpopularinengineeringstudiestoaugmentthedesignoptimisation.However,theaccuracyofnumericalsimulationsremainsanimportantissuetobefurtheraddressedcomprehensivelyforengineeringapplications.

Inthisstudy,weadopttheFLOW3Dsoftwarewiththekepsilonturbulencemodeltosimulatethetwophasetransferofwaterandairinthedropshaft.Thesimulationresultsarecomparedwiththeresultsofaphysicalmodelstudyreportedintheliteraturetoassessthefeasibilityandaccuracyofthesimulations.Particularly,theairpressuresarecomparedatvariouslocationsalongthedropshaft.Thepreparationprocessforthecomplexmeshdomain,thecomputationalresources,andsimulatedtimerequiredaresummarisedtowardstheirsuitabilityforengineeringdesigncalculations.Intermsofcomparison,wefindthatthetrendoftheairpressurevariationalongthedropshaftmatcheswellbetweenthenumericallysimulatedandphysicalmodellingresults.However,therearesomesignificantdiscrepanciesinthepressurevaluesatsomespecificlocationswhichthedesignengineerneedstobemindful.ThedifferencesmaybeduetothelimitationsoftheFLOW3Dsoftwarefortwophaseflowsimulations.Overall,thestudyshowsthatnumericalmodellingcanbeusedinacosteffectivewaytoassistintheengineeringassessmentofairpressurisationwithindropshaftsbuttheaccuracyrangemustbeconsideredtogether.

Keywords:Dropshaft;Numericalsimulation;FLOW3D

AdrianWingKeungLaw  NanyangTechnologicalUniversityEmail:cwklaw@ntu.edu.sg

·901·

EffectsofSpurDikesonWeightedUsableAreaofEndenmicSpeciesintheMinjiangRiverbyTwodimensionalNumericalModel

BingdongLi,XinhuaZhang

StateKeyLaboratoryofHydraulicsandMountainRiverEngineeringSichuanUniversity

Abstract

Cityrivershavedegradedsubstantiallybothinaquatichabitatandriverineecosystemduetochannelizationforfloodcontrolandwastedischarging.Howtoimprovethesituationisabigchallengeforthemaintenanceofthesedegradedcityrivers.Inthisstudy,spurdikeasatraditionalregulationworkfornavigationandbankprotectionisproposedtorestoretheaquatichabitat.Inordertoevaluatetheeffectofspurdikes,atwodimensionalnumericalmodelwasdevelopedandafish,Pelteobagrusfulvidraco,wasselectedasatargetspeciestoassessthesuitabilityindicesofaquatichabitatbyafieldinvestigation.AcasestudywasconductedinMinjiangRiverlocatedatHuayangriverreachwiththreespurdikesalongtheinnerbank.Resultsindicatethatspurdikescanbeeffectivetoincreasetheweightedusablearea(WUA)oftheendemicfishhabitatsubstantially.Inaddition,theneedoftheminimumecologicalflowcanalsobelowered.

Keywords:Cityriver;Spurdike;Minimumecologicalflow;Weightedusablearea;Numericalmodel

BingdongLi  StateKeyLaboratoryofHydraulicsandMountainRiverEngineeringSichuanUniversityEmail:libingdong@scu.edu.cn

·011·

HighresolutionandRapidSimulationofFlowsandSedimentTransportinYangtzeEstuary

DechaoHu1,MinWang2,GengQu2,ShimingYao2

1.HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology2.YangtzeRiverScientificResearchInstitute

Abstract

Hugecomputationcost,requiredforthehighresolutionsimulationoftheflows,sedimenttransportandriverbedevolutioninYangtzeestuary,challengesmostexistingnumericalmodels.A2DmodelisdevelopedfortheentireYangtzeestuaryfromDatongtorivermouths(620km)andpartialEastSea,usingachannelrefinedgridof200,000cells.Themodelachievesagooddescriptionoftherivercoastoceancoupling,irregularboundariesandlocalriverregimes,andanaccuratesimulation.Benefitingfrom“allowinglargetimesteps”,“multiscalarproperty”,“nestproperty”and“parallelizable”,theresultingmodelingsystemisquiteefficient.Inefficiencytests,ittakesthemodel12.2h(using16cores)tocompleteasimulationofa1yearunsteadyrunofftideflows,sedimenttransportandriverbedevolutioninYangtzeestuary.

Keywords:Yangtzeestuary;Sedimenttransport;Morphologicaldynamics;Numericalmodel;Highefficiency

DechaoHu  HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyEmail:hudc04@foxmail.com

·111·

EffectsofDeflectionAnglesonSecondaryFlowinRvierBends

XinhuaZhang,BingdongLi

StateKeyLaboratoryofHydraulicsandMountainRiverEngineeringSichuanUniversity

Abstract

Naturalmeanderingriversareshapedbythesecondaryflowwiththeactionofdifferentbendingordeflectionangles.Understandingtheinfluencesofthedifferentdeflectionanglesissignificantinboththeoreticalstudyandengineeringapplication.Inordertosystematicallyinvestigationontheeffectsofsuchdeflectionangleonsecondaryflows,athreedimensionalReNormalizationGroup(RNG)κεmodelandavolumeoffluid(VOF)methodwasdevelopedtoevaluatethesecondaryflowbydifferentdeflectionangle30°,60°,90°,120°,150°,and180°.Inaddition,thevariationofwatersurfaceandshearstressarealsoinvestigatedaccordingly.Thenumericalresultsindicatethatthemaximumtransverseslopeofwatersurfaceoccursatthemiddlecrosssectionofabend,anditincreaseswiththeincreaseofdeflectionangle.Besidesamajorvortex,or,theprimarycirculationcellnearthechannelbottom,asecondaryvortex,oranouterbankcell,mayalsoappearabovetheformerandneartheouterbankwhenthedeflectionangleissufficientlylarge.Thestrengthofthesecondarycirculationsincreasesalsowiththeincreaseofdeflectionangle.Themaximumofshearstressontheinnerbankincreasesnonlinearlywiththeangle,anditsmaximumsontheouterbankandonthebedtakeplacewhenthedeflectionanglebecomes120°.

Keywords:Riverbend;Deflectionangle;Secondaryflow;Shearstress

XinhuaZhang  StateKeyLaboratoryofHydraulicsandMountainRiverEngineeringSichuanUniversityEmail:xhzhang@scu.edu.cn

·211·

SimulationofHydraulicCharacteristicsofanInclinedOverflowGatebytheFreesurfaceLatticeBoltzmannimmersedBoundaryCouplingScheme

WeiDiao,ChunzeZhang

SouthwestHydraulicInstituteforWaterways,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Inclinedoverflowgatesarewidelyusedinopenchannelstomeetdifferentflowraterequirementsbypromptlyadjustingtheiropeningsaccordingtovariedwaterlevels.Thecharacteristicsofsuchgatesarequitecomplexandneedintensivestudy.Todevelopaneffectiveandefficientnumericalmethodforstudyingthehydrodynamicfeaturesofsimilarengineeringstructureswithfluidstructureinteractionsandfreesurfaceflows,weproposeafreesurfacelatticeBoltzmannimmersedboundary(FSLBIB)couplingmodel,inwhichthefreesurfaceflowismodeledbythelatticeBoltzmann(LB)methodandthemovingboundariesarehandledbytheimmersedboundary(IB)method.TosolvetheincompatibilityissuearisingfromthecouplingoftheFSLBmodelandIBmethod,twotreatments,namelythevelocitycorrectionintheemptycellsformatchingtheIBspeedwiththelocalfluidvelocity,andtheiterativeforcecorrectionforenhancingaccuracy,areintroduced.Thefeasibilityandaccuracyoftheproposedcouplingschemearefirstvalidatedbytwobenchmarkcases.ThentheFSLBIBschemeisappliedtoanalyzethehydrauliccharacteristicsofaninclinedoverflowgateindifferentworkingconditions.Thegoodagreementsbetweenthesimulatedandempiricalhydraulicparametersaswellasthereasonableflowfeaturesshowthattheproposedcouplingschemeisfeasibleforsimulatingpracticalhydraulicproblems.

Keywords:Overflowgates;FreesurfacelatticeBoltzmannimmersedboundary;LatticeBoltzmann

WeiDiao  SouthwestHydraulicInstituteforWaterways,ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:774999408@qq.com

·311·

ThreeDimensionalNumericalSimulationStudyonFlowConditionsinChamberwithFillingandEmptyingSystemofLongCorridorLockWall

YongqinPeng1,TaoPeng2

1.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.ChinaCoalTechnology&EngineeringGroup,ChongqingDesign&ResearchInstitute

Abstract

Intheprocessofshiplockwaterconveying,theflowconditionofthelockchamberisthekeyfactoraffectingthesafetyoftheship’sberthing.Atpresent,thestudyontheflowconditionofthelockchamberisnotyetmatureinthethreedimensionalnumericalsimulation.Basedonthemathematicalmodelofwaterfillingandemptyingsystem,thedynamicgridtechnologyandVOFmethodareusedtosimulatetheunsteadyflowofthreedimensionalturbulenceintheprocessoflockemptyingandfilling.Temporalandspatialevolutionofflowfieldareanalyzedinthispaper.Theresultsshowthattheflowvelocityofthelateralbranchporeflowincreasesfromtheupstreamtothedownstream,andtheflowvelocityofthelateralbranchholeincreasesfirstandthendecreases,andthevelocityofthelateralholejetisdifferent.Asaresult,threedimensionalnumericalsimulationcannotonlybeaneffectivecomplementtothephysicalmodeltest,butalsocanprovideareliablebasisforthedesignofshiplockwaterfillingandemptyingsystem.

Keywords:Shiplock;Threedimensionalnumericalsimulation;Threedimensionalvelocityfield;Bafflesill

YongqinPeng  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:174588703@qq.com

·411·

ANewMultislopeMUSCLSchemeforSolving2DShallowWaterEquationsonUnstructuredGrids

HaiyongXu,XingnianLiu,FujianLi,ShengHuang,ChaoLiu

SichuanUniversity

Abstract

Twodimensionalshallowwaterequations(SWEs)havebeenincreasinglyemployedtosimulatepredominantlyhorizontal,freesurfaceflowsovernaturaltopography,forinstance,dambreakflow,urbanflooding,tsunamiinundation,etc.Unfortunately,analyticalsolutionsofSWEsareonlyavailableforafewsimplifiedsituationswithhorizontalorregularbottomandinfinitewatervolume.Turningtonumericalschemesisnecessaryinordertokeepthebalancebetweenaccuracyandefficiency.  Thispaperpresentsanewmultislopeschemeonthebasisofthemonotoneupstreamschemeforconservationlaw(MUSCL)fornumericallysolvingnonlinearshallowwaterequationsontwodimensionaltriangulargridswithintheframeworkofthetwodimensionalcellcenteredGodunovtypefinitevolume(CCFV)method.Thevaluesofflowvariablesonbothsidesoftheconsiderededgearecalculatedbyanedgebasedreconstructingandlimitingprocedurewheretheupwindslopeiseasilyobtained,sincetheupwindpointisfixedatthenodecorrespondingtotheconsiderededge.Moreover,thedownwindslopeisalsoeasytoevaluatebymeansofastraightforwardcriterion.Thenovelaspectofthisschemeisthatittakesadvantageofthegeometricalcharacteristicsoftriangulargridsinthereconstructingandlimitingprocedures.Thealgorithmissimplifiedcomparedwiththeconventionallimitedcentraldifference(LCD)schemeandotherexistingmultislopeMUSCLschemeswhicheffectivelyreducesthecostofcomputationandprovideshigherresolutionandaccuracycomparedwithclassicalMUSCLtypeschemes,socomputationcostisobviouslyreducedwithoutsacrificingaccuracyandrobustness.  Seventestswerecarriedouttoverifythisnewscheme:(1)StationaryFlowwithWetDryInterface;(2)PotentialFlowoverUnevenBottom;(3)WaterSloshinginaParabolicBasin;(4)SteadyFlowoverFrictionalUnevenBottom;(5)FlowinaCompoundChannel;(6)FlowinaContractingExpandingChanneloverUnevenBottom;and(7)ASymmetric2DRiemannProblem.ThecomputationalresultsshowthatlowertimecostforreachingconvergentresultsisachievedcomparedwiththeclassicalmonoslopeandmultislopeMUSCLschemes.Inaddition,itisalsoshownthatthisnewschemeismoreflexibleontriangulargridsandmorestraightforward

·511·

toimplementfortakingaccountofthegeometricalcharacteristicsoftriangulargridswithoutsacrificingaccuracy,robustness,andresolution.Furthermore,thisnewmultislopereconstructionmethodisindependentoftheapproximatedRiemannsolversandSWEs,soitcanbeimmediatelyintegratedwithnumericalschemesbasedonotherhyperbolictypeequationsandRiemannsolvers.  Tosumup,thenewschemeprovidesanidealalternativetotheexistingmonoslopeandmultislopeMUSCLschemesfornumericallysolvingSWEsandotherhyperbolictypeequations,andisworthyoffurtherresearch.

Keywords:Shallowwaterequations;FVM;Unstructuredgrids;MUSCL

HaiyongXu  SichuanUniversityEmail:xuhiyong@163.com

·611·

ModellingofSecondaryFlowsintheRotatingAnnularFlumebyOpenFOAM

ZhonglianJiang1,ZhenYu2,ChengZhong1,FengyangLiu2

1.WuhanUniversityofTechnology2.ChangjiangWaterwayPlanningDesignandResearchInstitute

Abstract

Rotatingannularflumeshavebeenwidelyappliedintheresearchofsedimentmotioncharacteristics(e.g.entrainment,settlingandflocculation),especiallyforcohesivesediments.Duetotheirspecialoperationmodes,theflowcharacteristicsinarotatingannularflumearegenerallycomplicated.TheopensourceprogramOpenFOAMhasbeenintroducedtosimulatetheflowstructuresintherotatingannularflume.Thepredictivecapabilityofdifferentturbulencemodelsiscomparedthroughthedistributionsofthesecondaryflowandthetangentialbedshearstress,amongwhichtheRNG κεmodelperformsreasonablewell.Thestrengthanddistributionsofthesecondaryflowinthecrosssectionareevaluatedintermsofkineticenergy,maximumvelocityratioandkineticenergyratio.Theminimumsecondaryflowappearswhentherotationratioequalsto2.78fortheannularflumeatHohaiUniversity,China.Moreover,therelationshipbetweenthespatiallyaveragedbedshearstressandringspeedofannularflumeisproposedas:τ=0.005,34Ω1.51.Astheroughnessheightincreases,bothabsolutestrengthofthesecondaryflowandbedshearstressincreases.

Keywords:Rotatingannularflume;secondaryflow;BedShearstress;Numericalmodeling;OpenFOAM

ZhonglianJiang  WuhanUniversityofTechnologyEmail:z.jiang@whut.edu.cn

·711·

EffectofReservationScouringPitonTrajectoryBucketEnergyDissipation

JiayingYu,WenwuSong,JianxuChen,LunWan,XuLuo

SchoolofEnergyandPowerEngineering,XihuaUniversity

Abstract

Inthispaper,combinedwithengineeringexample,RNGtwoequationturbulencemodelwasusedtonumericallysimulatethecontinuesflipbucketwithreservedsemicircularcylinderscourhole.Andthecomparisonwasmadebetweenitandflipbucketwithoutreservedsourpit.Furthermore,combinedwithtwokindsofdifferentdownstreamwaterdepthconditions,therewerefourdesignconditionstotally.Theresultsshowedthatalthoughthedepthofreservedscouringpitincreasedtheverticaldistanceofjetflow,thespeedandturbulentkineticenergyofnappealsoincreasedslightly.However,thelengthofnappeanditscontactareawithairwerebothincreased,whichissameaskineticenergydissipationrate.

Keywords:Reservationscouringpit;Trajectorybucketenergydissipation;Continuousflipbucket;Numericalsimulation

JiayingYu  SchoolofEnergyandPowerEngineering,XihuaUniversityEmail:446128156@qq.com

·811·

NumericalSimulationofEnergyDissipationforContinuousFlipBucketinSpillway

ofLongxingqiaoReservoir

JiayingYu,WenwuSong,XuLuo,JianxuChen,LunWan

SchoolofEnergyandPowerEngineering,XihuaUniversity

Abstract

Theflowofturbulenceisakindofcommonturbulentflowwithacomplexfreesurface.Inthispaper,VOFmethodandκεturbulencemodelareutilizedtonumericalsimulationhydraulicelementsofacontinuousflipbucketinZhejiangLongxingqiaoreservoir.Themodelwassimulatedbytwodimensionalmodel.Theresultsshowedthatthenumericalsimulationresultsofwatersurfacelineandthewaterinletanglewereingoodagreementwiththemeasuredvalues,whichindicatesthatitispracticabletousethemathematicalmodeltosimulatethehydrauliccharacteristics.Andcalculateddynamicpressuredistributionofthebottomoftheplungepoolmakesupfortheshortcomingsthatitisunabletobemeasuredaccuratelyinfact,andprovidessomereferencevalueforengineeringdesignandmaterialselection.

Keywords:Hydraulicengineering;Energydissipation;Numericalsimulation

JiayingYu  SchoolofEnergyandPowerEngineering,XihuaUniversityEmail:446128156@qq.com

·911·

SimulationofLocalScourAroundBridgeAbutmentsUsingArtificialNeuralNetworks(ANNs)

YasserMoussa,MahmoudAtta

AssociateprofessorCollegeofEngineeringZagazigUniversityEgypt

Abstract

Accuratelyestimatingthelocalscourdepthatbridgeabutmentsprovidedwithscourcountermeasuressuchascollarsisimportantinestablishingaproperfoundationdesign.Artificialneuralnetworks(ANNs)havebeenusedintheliteraturetopredictthemaximumlocalscourdepthatbridgeabutmentssurroundedbydifferentcollararrangements.AmultilayerbackpropagationmethodwithonehiddenlayeristrainedusingtheLevenbergMarquardtalgorithmtoobtainthemostaccurateneuralnetwork.TheresultsoftheANNmodelarecomparedwiththoseofthenumericalsimulationandthemultiplelinearregression(MLR)model.TheproposedmodelforpredictingthelocalscourdepthusingANNshasproducedbetterresults(R2 =983%,standarderror=0.03)thanthenumericalsimulation(R2=97.4,standarderror=004).TheMLRmodelalsoshowsalowerefficiency(R2=80% andstandarderror=0.11)thantheANNsandnumericalmodelsinpredictingthelocalscouratbridgeabutments.

Keywords:Localscour;Hydraulicstructure;Abutment;ANNs;MLR

YasserMoussa  AssociateprofessorCollegeofEngineeringZagazigUniversityEgyptEmail:yasser_eng1997@yahoo.com

·021·

ASecondorderAccuracyBoundaryConditionforLatticeBoltzmannShallowWaterModel

ChunzeZhang,QinZhou,JiHou,JiashanMi

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

AnewdynamicsboundarymethodforthetwodimensionallatticeBotlzmannshallowwatermodelhasbeenpresentinthispaper.Basedonthebasicformoftheequilibriumdistributionfunction,anadditionalconstraintcondition,whichrelatedthemacroscopicquantityandthemesoscopicdistributionfunctionoftheboundary,isproposedtoclosetheboundaryequations.Afternumericalverification,itisfoundthatthemethodhassecondorderaccuracyandgoodstability.Inaddition,thismethodhasbetterdataindependenceanddoesnotincreasethecomputationalcomplexityofGPUparalleloperation,soithasagoodapplicationprospect.

Keywords:LatticeBotlzmann;Shallowwater;Boundarycondition;Secondorder

ChunzeZhang  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:zhangchunze@whu.edu.cn

·121·

TheNumericalStudyofVesselNavigationbyThreeDimensionalFluidSolidCouplingMethod

XiqinMa

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Navigationconditionsintheintermediatechannelbetweenthetwoshipliftsortwolockhavedrawnwideattention.Inthispaper,thevesselnavigationresistance,squatanditsinfluencingfactorswereobtainedbythreedimensionalfluidsolidcouplingmethodinFLOW3D.Numericaltestsindicatedthatthenavigationspeedandvesselshapewerethemainfactorsoftheresistance,andthenavigationspeedwasthesignificantindexwhichaffectedthesquat.Inaddition,whenthesailingvelocityinonewaywaslessthan2.0m/s,theshipwave,shipsquatandshipsailingresistancewasnotlarge.Throughtheanalysisanddiscussionontheresults,wecancometotheconclusionthatthethreedimensionalfluidsolidcouplingmethodinFLOW3Dhasuniqueadvantagetosimulatethevesselnavigationconditionsandthesailingvelocitywasthesignificantdeterminantforthevesselnavigationsafety.

Keywords:Vesselnavigationresistance;Fluidsolidinteraction;VOF;Intermediatechannel;Squat

XiqinMa  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:281068092@qq.com

·221·

ThreedimensionalNumericalStudyontheEffectofAddingAntishipCollisionFacilitiesontheNavigationFlowConditionsfor

theExistingBridges

ZhaobinWang,YunliWang,WeiDiao

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Withtheincreaseofthewaterwaylevels,theantishipcollisionabilityofalargenumberofexistingbridgescannolongermeettheantishipcollisionrequirementsofthenewrepresentativeshiptype.Therefore,itisnecessarytoinvestigatethecorrectantishipcollisionfacilitiesforeachexistingbridge.Inthispaper,thethreedimensionalnumericalsimulationwasadoptedtostudytheeffectofaddingantishipcollisionfacilitiesonthenavigationflowconditionsforanexistingbridgeinBeijiangRiver.Theresultsshowedthatthehardantishipcollisionfacilitieswouldhaveagreatimpactonthenavigationconditionsofthebridge.Finally,itwasrecommendedthatthemeasuressuchasreducingthemaximumnavigationdischarge,addingthenavigationfacilitiesandstrengtheningthemanagementshouldbetakentoprotectthesafetyofthebridgeandtheship.

Keywords:Threedimensionalnumericalstudy;Antishipcollisionfacilities;Navigationflowconditions

ZhaobinWang  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:408158516@qq.com

·321·

SimulationforHydrodynamicPerformanceofShipBerthinginHighPiledWharf

PengSun,TengZhao,JiayuZhou

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Inordertofigureoutthemechanismofinteractionbetweenahighpiledwharfandaberthingship,andtheyweretookasanexample.BybuildinganumericalmodelingandcarryingonthesimulationusingCFDsoftware,aVOFmethodwasadaptedtoanalyzethecurrentforcewhenthebargewasberthing.Finally,thehydrodynamicperformanceofthebargewasgot.Itofferedatheoreticalreferencetoshipsberthinghighpiledwharfandthestructuredesignofhighpiledwharf.

Keywords:Ship;Highpiledwharf;CFD;Simulation;Hydrodynamicperformance

PengSun  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:sunpeng@cqjtu.edu.cn

·421·

NumericalSimulationofHydrodynamicFieldsunderWaveCurrentInteractioninOujiangEstuary

WanxingZhao1,JilunMiao2,ZhengangJi3

1.ChongqingAcademyofMetrologyandQualityInspection2.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity3.ChongqingUniversity

Abstract

ConsideringthecomplextopographyandstrongtideconditionsofOujiangEstuary,a3D,timedependenthydrodynamicmodelunderorthogonalcurvilinearcoordinatesystemwasestablished,andthehydrodynamiccharacteristicsoftheinteractionofrunoffandtideinOujiangEstuarywasstudied.ThestudyareawasuptoMeidai,downtoDongtouandKanmen,97×233horizontalcellsofthecomputationalgridwereused.8sitestide,suchasWenzhouwasusedtomodelcalibration,6sitesvelocityofNo.1No.6wasusedtomodelverification.Thehydrodynamicfieldunderdifferenttidesandrunoffconditionswassimulated,aswellasthewaterwaybuildings’influence.Theresultshowthatthemodelvalueswasgoodagreementwiththemeasuredvalues,themodelhadgoodadaptability,couldbemeetthestudyingrequirementofwavecurrentinteractioninOujiangEstuaryandofthewaterwaybuildings’influence.ThesewasusefultounderstandingthehydrodynamiccharacteristicsofOujiangEstuary,andalsofurtherprovidingsupportofwaterwayconstructionandwaterenvironmentresearch.

Keywords:Wavecurrentinteraction;Tide;Runoff;Hydrodynamicfield;Numericalsimulation

WanxingZhao  ChongqingAcademyofMetrologyandQualityInspectionEmail:58314047@qq.com

·521·

ResearchonHydraulicCharacteristicsintheValveSectionwithExpandedCorridoratthe

TopforShipLock

QianSun,XujinZhang,ZhaobingWang,LiangChen

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

1.PurposesBecauseofthelongtermoperationoftheshiplock’svalvesintheconditionofunsteadyhighspeedwaterflow,problemssuchasthecavitation,theacousticvibration,andthepressurepulsationwereprominent.Atpresent,forthestudyofthevalvehydraulics,mostofthestudiesinthenumericalmodelhaveonlyestablishedalocalmodelofthevalvesection,andtheboundaryconditionsattheoutletofthevalvesectionhavenotachievedanonconstantprocessthatvariedwiththewaterlevelinthelockchamber,whichcouldnotfullyreflectedtheactualsituation.Therefore,athreedimensionalnumericalmodeloftheshiplockwithoverallwaterfillingandemptyingsystemwasestablished,andthehydrauliccharacteristicsinthevalvesectionwithexpandedcorridoratthetopwerestudied.2.MethodsThethreedimensionalnumericalmodeloftheshiplockwithoverallwaterfillingandemptyingsystemwasestablished.Thedynamicmeshtechnologywasappliedtorealizetheopeningprocessofthevalve,andthenumericalmodelwasverifiedbythephysicalmodeltests.3.Results(1)Theeddyoccurredbehindthevalveintheprocessofthevalveopening.Asthevalveopeningrationincreased,theeddyrangegraduallydecreasedandmovedtowardstheupstreamandthetopofcorridors.(2)Atthebeginningofthewaterfilling,ahighspeedjetwasformedbetweenthebottomedgeofthevalveandthefloorofthecorridor.(3)Alowpressureareaappearedatthetopofcorridors’junctionsbetweentheexpandedcorridorandthehorizontalcorridorbehindthevalve,andgraduallymovedtowardstheupstreamasthevalveopeningrationincreased.4.ConclusionsTheeddyoccurredbehindthevalveintheprocessofthevalveopening.Thewaterflowvelocityandthepressureincreasedwiththeopeningofthevalveandthendecreased.Theminimum

·621·

pressureappearedatthetopofthecorridorwhenthevalveopeningrationis0.4.Themostunfavorablevalveopeningtimewasfiveminutesandopeningthevalvewithshorttimewasaneffectivewaytoincreasethepressureofcorridorsbehindthevalve.Comparingthenumericalsimulationresultswiththephysicalmodeltestresults,thetwoareingoodagreementwitheachother,indicatingthefeasibilityofthenumericalsimulationmethod.

Keywords:Threedimensionalnumericalsimulation;Shiplock;Valve;Dynamicmesh;Overallwaterfillingandemptyingsystem

QianSun  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:sqlvyezi@163.com

·721·

A3DFiniteelementGroundwaterModelandItsApplicationtoHyporheicFlows

withaTwolayerSedimentBed

JiayuFang,YafeiJia

NCCHE

Abstract

Theinteractionbetweentheopenchannelflowandthegroundwaterinashallowriverbedsedimentsublayer,“hyporheiczone”,isveryimportanttotheecosystemoftheriver.Duemainlytothepressureheaddistribution,channelwatermayinfiltrateintoandoutofthehyporheiczoneactively.Thisstudyfocusesontheinfiltrationprocessinthehyporheiczoneunderthedunelikebedforms.

Anew3Dnumericalmodelbasedonthefiniteelementmethod,whichconservesbothlocalandglobalmass,isdevelopedforthehyporheiczone.Themodelisverifiedbycomparingthenumericalresultswiththreetypicalanaltyicalsolutions.Themodelagreeswellwiththeseanalyticalsolutions.Themodelisthenappliedtoinvesitgatethehyporheicflowdistributionsintwolayersedimentriverbedswithdifferentthicknessandconductivity.Itisfoundthatthehyporheicfluxincreaseslinearlywiththeconductivityoftheupperlayer,butnonlinearlywithitsthickness.Empiricalformulasfortheserelationshipshavebeenobtainedbasedonthesimulatedresults.

Keywords:Hyporheiczone;Subsurfaceflow;Twolayersediment;Groundwater;Finiteelementmethod

JiayuFang  NCCHEEmail:jfang@ncche.olemiss.edu

·821·

SecondorderAccuracySource(ExternalForce)TermSchemeforLatticeBoltzmannShallow

WaterEquations

QinZhou

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Asource&externalforcetermschemeisproposedforlatticeBoltzmannshallowwaterequations(LBSWE).Thenewschemecannotonlyintroducemomentumexternalforceterm,butalsointroducemasssource(alsocalledexternalforce)term.Typicalcases,includingthelateralinflowofarectangularflume,thesteadyflowoverahump,andtheunsteadytidalflow,aresimulatedtoverifyandvalidatethescheme.Finally,basedontheproposedscheme,arainfallrunoffmodelforLBSWEisestablished,andthesimulationresultsareingoodagreementwiththeexperimentalresults.Fortheshallowwaterequationswiththenonzeromasssourceterm,suchasrainfall,infiltrationandcompletesedimentmodels,thepresentschemeprovidesthepossibilityofmodelingandsolvingbylatticeBoltzmannmethod.

Keywords:LatticeBoltzmann;Shallowwater;Source&externalforceterm;Rainfallrunoff

QinZhou  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:373216627@qq.com

·921·

NumericalModellingofTransientAirwaterFlowsWithinaRiserDownstreamofaTrunkSewer

BiaoHuang1,MenggeFan2,DavidZhu3,ShiqiangWu4

1.ZhengzhouUniversity2.HydrologicalBureauofZhejiangProvince

3.UniversityofAlberta4.NanjingHydraulicsResearchInstitute

Abstract

Pressuretransientsduetoflowsurchargeswerefoundtobethemaincauseforstructurefailure,excessivesurges,waterovershootingthroughthedropshaftandstormwatergeysers.Predictionofthosepressuretransientshasbeendifficult,astheyarerelatedtoairpocketsizeanditsmovement,flowvelocityanddepth,pipesizeandslope,ventingandboundaryconditions.Airtrappedaslargepocketsinrisersmayresultinsignificantlyhighertransientsunderrapidfillingconditions.Itsreleasecanalsocauselocalaccelerationsresultinginhighvelocitiesandsubsequentlywaterhammereffects.Thesepressurescanbemanytimesthesystempressure.Inaddition,thereleaseoftheentrappedairpocketcanbeviolentwiththeeruptionofair/watermixtures(geysers),andcausecoverblowoff,orevenfailureofpipelines.

Theobjectivesofthepresentstudyaretoinvestigatethepressureoscillationsandflowfieldforasystemwithariserovertherapidfillingprocess.Forthescenarioofwhichtheriserhasadeadend,themethodofcharacteristicsandrigidcolumnmethodhavebeenusedtocalculatethepressureprocess,andcomparedtothreedimensional(3D)computationalfluiddynamics(CFD)modelingresults.Forscenariosofwhichtheriserhasanorificeoranopening,CFDmodelingwasadopted.ThehomogeneoustwophasemodelwithVOFmethodwasusedbysolvingasinglesetofconservativeequationsandtrackingthevolumefractionofeachofthefluidsthroughoutthedomain.Theresultsshowthattheentrappedairwithintherisercancauseabout4timeshigherpressurepeakthanthedrivehead,andtherigidcolumnmethodisaccurateandefficientforsuchcases.Detailedairwaterflowfieldcanbegivenbythe3DCFDmodel,aswellaspressurepatterns.Waterhammereffectscanbeobservedundercertainconditionsduetoairexpulsionandthesizeoftheorificeonthetopoftherisercanbecritical.Thesefindingsmaycontributetounderstandpressuretransientsinurbandrainagesystemsanddesignconsiderations.

Keywords:Transientairwater;Trunksewer;3DCFDmodel

BiaoHuang  ZhengzhouUniversityEmail:bhuang@zzu.edu.cn

·031·

NumericalInvestigationofSedimentTransportInducedbyInternalSolitaryWaves

HaiZhu1,LinglingWang1,HongwuTang1,AnteMunjiza2,JohnWilliams2,QunliangYang3,ZhenzhenYu4

1.HohaiUniversity2.QueenMary,UniversityofLondon

3.ChinaWaterResourcesPearRiverPlanningSurveying&DesigningCo.Ltd4.WaterResourcesProtectionandResearchInstitute,YellowRiverBasinWaterResourcesProtectionBureau

Abstract

Internalsolitarywaves(ISWs)commonlyexistincoastalregions,deeplakesandreservoirs,whicharebelievedtoresuspendsedimentsandnutrientsfromthebenthicboundarylayer(BBL)intotheupperlayerofstratifiedwaterbody.Inthepresentwork,largeeddysimulation(LES)isemployedtostudythedynamicsofthecomplexISWinducedflowfieldcoupledwithbackgroundcurrent,inwhichthesedimenttransportcharacteristicsaresimulatedbyaselfdevelopedEulerLagrangemethod.Discreteelementmethodisusedtomodelthedynamicsofthesedimentparticleswhileafourwaycouplingtechniqueisappliedtodealwiththeparticleladenflowsystem,inwhichtheinteractionsoffluidtoparticles,particlestofluidandparticlestoparticlesareallcorrectlyconsidered.TheresultsshowthatthebenthicboundarylayeroftheISWcurrentdevelopsinthreestages,flowseparation,twodimensionalvortexsheddingandthreedimensionalturbulence.Comparedwiththeonewaycouplingcase,turbulencetransitionfrom2Dto3Disfasterinthefourwaycouplingcaseduetothelocalflowfielddisturbedbythesedimentparticles.

Keywords:Internalsolitarywaves;Sedimenttransport;Largeeddysimulation;Discreteelementmethod;Fourway

HaiZhu  HohaiUniversityEmail:h.zhu@hhu.edu.cn

·131·

ASubgridScaleBankErosionModelforTELEMAC2D/SISYPHE

EddyLangendoen1,MickUrsic1,AlejandroMendoza2,JorgeAbad3,RiadhAta4,KamalElkadiAbderrezzak4,PabloTassi4

1.U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture2.MetropolitanAutonomousUniversity

3.UniversityofTechnologyandEngineering4.EDFR&D,LNHE

Abstract

Thenearbankregionofariver,wherethestreambedandstreambankmeet,isoftencharacterizedbylargespatialgradientsintheriver’sgeometryresultingincomplexflowpatternsandsedimenttransportratesanddirections.Inaddition,thegrainsizedistributionsandresistancetoerosionpropertiesofthebedandbankmaterialscanbequitedifferent.Theseprocessesresultinlateral(bank)erosionratesthatcanbeordersofmagnitudegreaterthantherateofverticaladjustmentoftheriverbed.Thisdiscrepancyinerosionratesisoftenobservedinnaturalmeandering,braided,oranastomosingriversystems.But,theycanalsobecharacteristicsofdisturbedstreamsandadverselyimpactfloodplaininfrastructureandresources,thereforerequiringbankprotectionmeasuresorstream corridorrestoration.Multidimensionalcomputermodels ofrivermorphodynamicsusedinstreamrestorationhaveeitherneglectedorusedoverlysimplifiedconceptualmodelsofriverbankerosion,limitingthemtostudiesofriverineenvironmentswherebanksdonotmove,smalltimescales,orratherqualitativeevaluationsoftheriver’smorphology.Though,riverbankerosionprocessesarerelativelyeasytoimplementintoonedimensionalcomputermodels,suchastheUSDepartmentofAgricultureCONCEPTSchannelevolutionmodel,theirincorporationintomultidimensionalcomputermodelsisrathercomplicated.ResearchersattheUSDepartmentofAgriculture,UniversityofTechnologyandEngineering,andElectricitydeFrance(EDF)haveincorporatedCONCEPTS’riverbankerosionalgorithmsintoEDF’sTELEMAC2D/SISYPHEcomputermodelsofrivermorphodynamics.Whereascurrentmultidimensionalcomputermodelsusehighlysimplifiedbankgeometry(e.g.,verticalbank)anderosionmechanics(e.g.,onlyfluvialerosion),thebankerosionsimulationoftheimprovedmodelisbasedonactualbankgeometryandbankerosionprocesses.Further,itistightlyintegratedwiththesimulationofriverhydrodynamicsandsedimenttransportprocessesusingaporosityapproach.ThedynamiccapabilitiesofthenewmodelarehighlightedbyapplicationstotheGoodwinCreek,Mississippi.

Keywords:Bankerosion;Numericalmodeling;TELEMAC;Porositymethod;Subgridscale

EddyLangendoen  U.S.DepartmentofAgricultureEmail:eddy.langendoen@ars.usda.gov

·231·

MeasurementoftheTurbulenceStatisticsandtheReynoldsStressStructureoftheTurbulentBoundaryLayerFlowAroundaTwoDimensionalEmbankment

BaoShiShiau,JiaChunTsai

NationalTaiwanOceanUniversity

Abstract

Intheturbulentflow,theReynoldsstressplaysanimportantroleformomentumtransport.AninsightstudyontheturbulencestatisticsandtheReynoldsstressstructureoftheturbulentflowcanprovidedetailofmomentum transportcharacteristicsaroundtheembankment.TheexperimentalmeasurementsoftheturbulencestatisticsandtheReynoldsstressstructurearoundatwodimensionalembankmentwithupwindanddownwindslopesof4∶1(horizontal∶vertical)wereconductedinthelaboratory.TheQuadrantanalysistechniquewasemployedtoyieldtheReynoldsstressstructureoffourevents(ejection,sweep,inwardinteraction,outwardinteraction)contribution.

Keywords:Turbulentboundarylayerflow;Embankment;Turbulencestatistics;Quadrantanalysis;Reynoldsstress

BaoShiShiau  NationalTaiwanOceanUniversityEmail:bsshiau@gate.sinica.edu.tw

·331·

TimeresolvedStereoscopicParticleimagevelocimetrySystemforApplicationinWaterFlows

QigangChen1,QiangZhong2

1.BeijingJiaotongUniversity2.ChinaAgriculturalUniversity

Abstract

Mostwaterflowsencounteredinnatureandengineeringapplicationsareessentiallythreedimensional(3D)andunsteadyturbulence.However,theclassicalparticleimagevelocimetrymethodiscapableofmeasuringonlythetwoinplanevelocitycomponents.Moreover,themeasuredvelocitycomponentsareaffectedbyanunrecoverableerrorduetotheperspectivetransformation.

Tomeasuretherapidlychanging3Dplanervelocityfieldsinwaterflow,atimeresolvedstereoscopicparticleimagevelocimetry(TRSPIV)system wasdeveloped.TheTRSPIVsystemconsiststwohighframeratecameras,ahighrepetitionratepulselaser,lasersheetoptics,asynchronizer,andprocessingsoftware.Thelaserhasamaximumrepetitionrateof10kHzandamaximumoutputpulseenergyof20mJ.Thecamerahasamaximumframerateof730fpsataresolutionof400megapixel.ANikon50mmf/2.8lensisconnectedtothecamerathroughaScheimpflugadaptor.Themappingfunctionoftheimagingsystemisapproximatedbyapolynomialwithcubicdependenceintheinplanecoordinatesandquadraticdependenceintheoutofplanecoordinate.Theunknownparametersofthefunctionaredeterminedbymeansofaleastsquaresfittingprocedurefromacalibrationtarget.Aselfcalibrationapproachisthenappliedtorefinethemappingfunctiontocorrectpossiblemisalignmentsbetweenthecalibrationplaneandthelasersheet.Theparticleimagescapturedbyeachcameraareinterrogatedusingamultiframepyramidcorrelationalgorithmtoobtaintwodimensional(2D)velocityfields.Thecorrelationfunctionbetweentwointerrogationwindowsiscalculatedwithamultigridwindowdeformationalgorithm.The3Dvelocityfieldsarereconstructedfromthe2DvelocityfieldsmeasuredsimultaneouslybyeachcamerawiththeSoloffmethod.

TheSPIVsystemwastestedpreliminarilyinsteadyanduniformopenchannelflows.Thetwocameraswerearrangedinanangulardisplacementconfigurationtoobservetracerparticlesfromthesamesideofthelasersheet.Asequenceoftimeresolved3Dvelocityfieldswere

·431·

obtainedinthestreamwise/wallnormalplaneoftheflow.TheperformanceofthesystemwasevaluatedbycomparingtheturbulentstatisticsbasedonSPIVmeasurementwiththeexistingDNSandPIVresults.ThecomparisonrevealedboththemeritsandthedeficienciesofthedevelopedSPIVsystem.

Keywords:Stereoscopicparticleimagevelocimetry;Turbulentflow;Timeresolvedmeasurement

QigangChen  BeijingJiaotongUniversityEmail:chenqg@bjtu.edu.cn

·531·

ExperimentalStudyofTurbulenceCharacteristicsofFlowoverDune

AngGao1,2,ShiqiangWu2,1,ChenLi1,FangfangWang2,SenlinZhu2

1.WuhanUniversity2.NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute

Abstract

Researchonflowoverduneisthekeytothestudyofduneresistanceandsedimenttransport.Duetothedifficultyofmeasurementonflowoverdynamicdune,thepaperstudiedtheflowovertypicalfixedduneatflume.ThreedimensionalAcousticsDopplerVelocity(ADV)wasadoptedforthemeasurementofthreedimensionalvelocityoverdune,liquidtracerdisplaytechnologywasalsosupplementedtoqualitativelyanalyzeonflowstructure.Turbulenceintensity,Reynoldsstressandprobabilitydensityoffluctuatingvelocityofflowwereanalyzed,waveletanalysisandspectrumanalysiswerealsoadoptedtostudyflowmultiscaleandspectrumcharacteristics.Resultsshowthatthedifferentproportionofmainflowandminorflowhasdifferenteffectonthedownstreamdune;Theinfluenceregionofduneonflowstructureisabout1.4duneheight;Thestrongestfluctuatingpointisabout2.5duneheightdownstreamdunecrest.Analysesofvelocityspectraldensityindicatethatlargescalevortexesholdsmainenergyofflow,thedissipationratioofhighfrequencyvortexesisabout7/4.

Keywords:Dune;Flowstructure;Statisticalanalysis;Waveletanalysis;Spectrumanalysis

AngGao  WuhanUniversityEmail:gaoang@whu.edu.cn

·631·

InfluenceofBladeWrapAngleonCavitationPerformanceofHighSpeedCentrifugalPump

LunWan,WenwuSong

XihuaUniversity

Abstract

Inordertostudytheeffectofbladewrapangleonthecavitationperformanceofcentrifugalpumpwithhighspecificspeed.

BasedontheCFturboandUGsoftware,usingRNGκεturbulencemodelandRayleighPlessetcavitationmodelinCFX,Centrifugalpumpswithacontrastspeedof185wereusedtoinvestigatethecavitationcharacteristicsofthecentrifugalpumpwhenthewrapangleswere90°,95°,100°,105°and110°.

Respectivelytheresultsshow,Vaneanglehasasignificanteffectontheexternalcharacteristicsofcentrifugalpumpswithhighspecificspeed.Thepumpheadwiththepackageangleincreasesanddecreases,andthesmallflowangleincreaseswiththeincreaseofefficiency,thecontrary,whenthelargeflow;atthesametime,withtheincreaseoftheangleoftheblade,theareaoftheinletlowpressureareaincreased,thevolumefractionofimportedvacuolesdecreases,theinternalflowofthecentrifugalpumpissmootherandsmoother,thevortexonthebackofthevanedisappears,andthestreamlineintheimpellerflowchanneltendstobemoreintheshapeofthevane.

Thesizeofthebladewrapangleisnegativelycorrelatedwiththeinletturbulentkineticenergyofthecentrifugalpump;Thelargerthewrapangle,Anticavitationperformanceofhighspeedcentrifugalpumpisbetter.

Keywords:Highspeed;Centrifugalpump;Cavitationperformance;Anglepackage;Numericalsimulation

LunWan  XihuaUniversityEmail:1416030910@qq.com

·731·

ANovelModelofIncipientSedimentMotionBasedonTurbulenceKineticEnergy

HaoliangWu

NanyangTechnologicalUniversity

Abstract

Inthispaper,westudytheincipientmotionoffinesedimentwithavarietyofturbulenceconditions.Asmostresearchersagreethatthenearbedturbulencestructuresareofprimaryimportanceforthecriterionofincipientmotion,thestudiesofsedimenttransportwithripplesanddunes,largerelativeroughness,vegetation,andotherconditionswithcomplexturbulencestilllackauniformmodel.Startingfromtheexperimentofinitiationwithnonshearturbulenceinducedbyoscillatinggrid,thecriticalincipientmotionisregardedasthedynamicprocessofaparticlemovingfromtherestingpositiontothecriticalpositionwherethepotentialenergyreachespeak.ThenewperspectiveintroducesacriticalprotrusionoftheparticlewhichmodifiestheordinaryShieldsnumberandparticleReynoldsnumber.Thecorrelationofthetwodimensionlessparameters,fromtheviewpointofenergy,showsabettervaliditythanstaticmodelsbasedonthebalanceofforces,inpredictingtheinitiationwithzeromeantraction.Likepreviousstudieswithoscillatinggridturbulence(OGT),however,itisquitehardtobuildconnectionsbetweensedimentmotionsinshearflowsandthosewithisotropicturbulenceabove(likewithOGT).Toextendthemodeltoopenchannelflow,thenearwallturbulencestructuresofbothconditionsarecompared,andthepeakturbulencekineticenergy(TKE)nearbedrequiresamodificationtoformaunifiedmodel.Althoughtheresultsofexperimentswithopenchannelflowusuallylackthedataofreposeangle,steepslope,andthemeasurementsofnearbedinstantaneousvelocityfield,thethresholdofincipientmotionaretestedwithdatasupplementderivedfromtheoreticalandempiricalmodels.Witherrorsanalyzedtobeacceptable,thismodelistestifiedwiththecompilationofvariousexperimentresultsandtheorypredictions.Moreover,theresultsdemonstratethatTKEisavalidcriterionforincipientmotion,regardlessofthecomplexityofnearwallturbulencestructures.

Keywords:Incipientmotion;Turbulencekineticenergy;Angleofrepose;Velocityfluctuation;Criticalprotrusion

HaoliangWu  NanyangTechnologicalUniversityEmail:hwu010@e.ntu.edu.sg

·831·

FluctuatingPressureontheBottomofaStillingWell

JingjingZhai,QingyuanYang

ChangjiangRiverScientificResearchInstitute

Abstract

Inhydraulicengineering,therearetwotypeswayofenergydissipation:oneiscalledthebasicwayofenergydissipation,suchasenergydissipationbyhydraulicjump,skijumpenergydissipation,bucketandsubmergedbucketenergydissipation,etc.Theothertypeiscalledspecialenergydissipater,suchasimpacttypeenergydissipater,jetenergydissipation,andstillingwelldissipation,etc.Jetflowstillingwelldissipatetheenergybythejetflowimpactingonthebottom.Thehighspeedwatergetsintothewellthroughthejetpipe,runagainstthewellbottom,andmixeswithotherwaterinthewell.Theflowfluctuatesstrongly,andplentyofenergyisdissipatedinthewell.Asthewatergetsoutfromthewell,theflowisusuallymild.Thejetflowstillingwellisgoodforenergydissipationofwaterwithhighheadandlowflowrate.Forthoseverticaljetflows,thepressureishugeatthecenterofbottom,andissmallattherecirculationzone.Themaximumimpactpressureoccursatthecenterofthebottom,anditmaygenerateerosionwhenthewaterheadishighandtheflowrateislarge.Themaximumpressureisveryimportantforthesafetyofstillingwell,andfewstudiesareworkingonthisarea.Thepurposeofthispaperistoinvestigatetheimpactpressureonbottomofstillingwell.Stillingwellisusuallyusedfortheenergydissipationofpipeflowswithhighheadandlowflowrate.Manystudiesarefocusontheempiricalformulaofthewellscaleandflowrate,andfewareabouttheflowfieldandpressurepropertiesinthewell.Withoutthepressuredistribution,itishardtoanalyzethesafetyofthewellduringitsfunctioning.Inthispaper,aphysicalmodelisproposedtoinvestigatethepropertiesofpressureactingonthebottomofthestillingwell.Therunsoftheexperimentarewithdifferentflowratesanddistancesbetweentheoutletofjetpipetothebottom.Quantitativerelationshipsamongpressureparameters,flowrateandoutletdistanceareestablished.

ThestudyshowthatthepressureactingonthebottomdecreasesnonlinearlyasthedistanceLriseatsameflowrate.WhentheΔequalsto0.5D(D,diameterofthepipe),thepressureismuchlargerthanthatwith1.0D.Whenthedistancechangesto1.5D(andabove),thepressuredecreaseslittlecomparedtothatwith1.0D.

Keywords:Stillingwell;Fluctuatingpressure;Distancebetweenoutletandwellbottom

JingjingZhai  ChangjiangRiverScientificResearchInstituteEmail:topzhaijingjing@163.com

·931·

SimulationandAnalysisofFlowFieldinHighPressureWaterJetNozzle

KuiYu,PengSun,TengZhao

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Afterstudingthemechanismofhighpressurewaterjetdeeply.Theinternalflowfieldofcuttinggunwithdifferentbendinganglesisestablishedby

numericalsimulationtechnology.Andtheeffectsofdifferentbendinganglesandthedifferenttransitionregionsonthewholeinternalflowfieldarecomparedandanalyzed.

Theresultsshowthatthelengthofthetransitionregionhasacertaineffectontheoutflowvelocity.Thebendinganglehasgreatinfluenceontheflowfield.Whenthebendingangleisfixed.Theinternalflowfieldcanbechangedbychangingthelengthofthetransitionregion.Thereisanoptimallengthtomakethemainstreammoreuniforminthepipediameter.

Keywords:Waterjet;Nozzle;CFD

KuiYu  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:1258661572@qq.com

·041·

QuadrantAnalysisofTurbulentFlowCharacteristicsinanOpenChannelwithDispersedBedRoughness

LiangZhong,TongJiang,JianmeiZhang,GuangxiangXu,YingShen

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Thequadrantanalysisofturbulentflowcharacteristicsishelpfultorevealtheformationmechanismofturbulence.Thisstudyprovidesadetailedinvestigationofquadrantdistributionofturbulentflowparametersinanopenchannelwithdispersedbedroughness,theinstantaneousvelocityismeasuredbyusinghighdefinitionparticleimagevelocimetry(PIV)measurementtechniques.Analysisoftheexperimentaldatarevealsthat:(1)Eachquadrantfluctuatingvelocityrepresentsoneturbulenteventthatoccursintheflow,whichcanbeabbreviatedasQ1,Q2,Q3,andQ4turbulenceeventsrespectively.Withtheincreaseofwaterdepth,theverticaldistributiontrendsoftheaboveturbulenteventsprobabilityareincreasedfirstandthendecreased,theverticaldistributionsofQ1,Q3turbulenceeventsprobabilityareleftconvexcurves,whileQ2,Q4turbulenceeventsprobabilityarerightconvexcurves,alsotheQ2,Q4eventsprobabilityaregenerallygreaterthantheQ1,Q3events.(2)Alongthebottomtothewatersurface,eachquadrantReynoldsstressshowedatrendoffirstincreaseandthendecrease,theReynoldsstressandturbulentkineticenergyofthesecond,fourthquadrantareoverallgreaterthanthefirst,thirdquadrant,especiallyaremaximuminthesecondquadrant,theratioofturbulentkineticenergyinthisquadranttothetotalturbulentkineticenergycanreach33%.(3)Theinfluencesofbedroughnessontheparameterssuchasturbulenteventsprobability,Reynoldsstressandturbulentkineticenergyineachquadrantaremainlyreflectedintheareabelowthetopoftheparticle,whileabovethetopoftheparticle,thedistributioncurvesoftheabovementionedparameterscoincidebasicallywitheachother.Theturbulenteventsprobabilityratio,P24,Reynoldsstressratio,R24,andturbulentkineticenergyratio,k24,inthesecondandfourthquadrantaresignificantlyrelated,R24andk24decreaselinearlywithP24,whilek24increaseslinearlywithR24.

Keywords:Openchannelflow;Turbulenteventprobability;Reynoldsstress;Turbulentkineticenergy

LiangZhong  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:393641413@qq.com

·141·

AnalysisofParameterUncertaintyofGreenRoofsHydrologicRetentionPerformanceReliability

LingwanYou,YeouKoungTung

NationalChiaoTungUniversity,Hsinchu,Taiwan

Abstract

Theuseofgreenroofsisoneawellknownschemeforsustainablemanagementofurbanstormwaterquantityandquality.Throughtheiruses,manyadvantagescanberealized,whichincludereducingrainproducingrunoffandairpollution,enhancingbiodiversity,andimprovingbuildingenergyefficiency,amongothers.Thisstudyfocusesonhydrologicperformanceofgreenroofstoretainrainfallfromproducingrunoff.However,theexistenceofuncertaintiesaffectingvariousaspectsofgreenroofperformanceisubiquitously.Thisimpliesthattheperformanceofagreenroofsystemisuncertain.Byconsideringaleatoryuncertaintyduetonaturalrandomnessofrainfallamountandintereventtime,theprobabilisticmodelofZhangandGuo(2013)wasextendedthatallowstheestablishmentofarelationshipbetweentargetretentionratio,achievableperformancereliability,andgrowingmediumdepthofgreenroofs.Thisstudyfurtherincorporatesepistemicuncertaintiesinsoil/plantproperties(i.e.,evapotranspirationrate,fieldcapacity,wiltingpoint,interceptionloss)toquantifytheuncertaintyfeaturesofstatisticalpropertiesofretentionratioandthereliabilityofachievingatargetretentionratio.LatinHypercubesampling(LHS)approachisappliedtoanalyzetheuncertainfeaturesoftheresultsoftheprobabilisticgreenroofsmodel.StatisticalAnalysisofVariance(ANOVA)revealsthattheuncertaintiesoffieldcapacity,wiltingpointandinterceptionlosshavecrucialroleindeterminingtheretentionofagreenroofsysteminaninherentlyrandomenvironment.Withtheavailabilityofthedistributionfunctionoftheretentionratio,thisstudyshowsthatarelationshipbetweentargetretentionratio,confidenceofachievableperformancereliability,andgrowingmediumdepthcanbeestablishedforprobabilisticbaseddesignand/orevaluationofagreenroofsystem.

Keywords:Greenroof;Uncertainty;Retention;LatinHypercubesampling;Analysisofvariance;Probabilisticbaseddesign

LingwanYou  NationalChiaoTungUniversity,Hsinchu,TaiwanEmail:lucie751111@gmail.com

·241·

CCHESWMM BasedFloodModelingtoEvaluatetheEffectofLIDonChongqing

SpongeCityPilotProjects

XinJin

BeijingSinfotecTechnologyCo.,Ltd.

Abstract

SpongeCityConstructionPlanwasinitiatedbyChinesegovernmentin2014toachieveurbansustainabilityandhealthyenvironments.Similartolowimpactdevelopment(LID),thebasicprincipleofthisprojectistousenaturalprocesses,e.g.,soil,vegetationtoretainasmuchwateraspossibleinthecitieslikeabig“sponge”.

In2015,ChongqingCitywasselectedinthefirstsetofpilotcities.Thispapertookthepilotarea,YuelaiTownasastudyareawithanareaof20squarekilometers.Weinvestigatedtheapplicationandcapabilityofa2Dhydrodynamicmodel—CCHE2D,developedbyNationalCenterforComputationalHydroscienceandEngineering(NCCHE)atUniversityofMississippitomodeltheinlandfloodingandstudytheeffectoflow impactdevelopment(LID)measurements,suchasrainwaterstoragereservoirs.Thefirststepinthisprojectwastoconstructsubcatchmentsforrainfallinfiltration,runoffgenerationandroutingandthedrainagenetworkusingStormWaterManagementModel(SWMM)tostudytheoverflowfromthepipelinenodes.Basingontheresultsfromthefirststep,thesecondstepwastoconstructthe2DshallowwaterfloodingmodelusingCCHE2Dbasedonthetopographyandlanduseplaninthefuture.Beforebeingapplied,themodelwascalibratedwiththemeasuredandrecordedsubmergedpositionanddepths.Withthecalibratedmodel,theriskofwaterloggingatvariousrainstormreturnperiodsof10,50and100yearsaftertheconstructionofLIDfacilitieswerestudiedanddelineated.ThepreandpostdevelopmentresultswerealsocomparedtoevaluatetheeffectofLID.Theresultsfromthisstudywillprovidebasisfordesigners,administratorsanddecisionmakersofthespongecity.

Inaddition,thecharacteristicsrelatedtospongecityconstructionatmountainousareas,e.g.,runoffgenerationandoverlandrouting,pipelineoverflowroutingonthelargeslopewerealsoaddressed.

Keywords:CCHE2D;SWMM;Lowimpactdevelopment;Flood

XinJin  BeijingSinfotecTechnologyCo.,Ltd.Email:18610751824@163.com

·341·

IntegratedBenefitEvaluationsofGreenInfrastructureintheUnitedStatesandIts

ReferentialSignificancetoChina

QianYu,NaLi

ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch

Abstract

SinceDecember2013,theSpongeCityConstruction(SCC)projecthasbeencarriedoutformorethanthreeyearsinChina.30citieshavebeenselectedasthenationallevelpilotcitiestoimplementtheSCCproject.However,thepublicstillhavedoubtsoverthebenefitoffloodingmitigationoftheSCCprojectduetothefrequentoccurrencesofheavywaterlogginginsummerduringtheseyears.Therefore,notonlyfloodingmitigationbenefitbutalsootherbenefitsareimportantforbuildingSCC.Thispaperinvestigatestheintegratedbenefitevaluationsofgreeninfrastructure(GI)intheUS.Incontrastwithgreyinfrastructure,i.e.deeptunnel,GIhasmanyadvantagesfrommanyaspects.ThissystemanalyzesGIintermsoftheeconomicbenefits,thesocialbenefits,andtheenvironmentalbenefits.Morespecifically,economicbenefitsincludejobcreation,reducedinfrastructurecostsandsoon.Thesocialbenefitsincludequalityoflife,andaestheticswhileenvironmentalbenefitsincludereducedstormwaterrunoff,andotherindexes.ThisstudyprovidesreferencestothecurrentlyongoingSCCprojectsinChina.

Keywords:Integratedbenefitevaluations;Greeninfrastructure;Lowimpactdevelopment;Urbanwatermanagement

QianYu  ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearchEmail:yqcherie@126.com

·441·

CharacteristicsofStormwaterPollutantsCapturedinCatchBasinInserts

AHMFaisalAnwar,MdZahanggirAlam,AnnaHeitz

CurtinUniversity

Abstract

GrossanddissolvedstormwaterpollutantswerecharacterizedinsamplescollectedfromfourcatchbasininsertslocatedwithinanurbancommercialareainWesternAustraliaoveroneyear(May/2015April/2016).Grosspollutantsweresieved(0.0754.75mm)andcategorizedasvegetation,plastic,paper,cansandothers(cigarettebutts,syringes,glassetc.).Vegetationcomprised>90% ofgrosspollutants.WatersamplesweretestedfortotalsuspendedsolidsTSS,phosphate(PO4—P),nitrate(NO3—N),nitrite(NO2—N)andammonia(NH3—N).ConcentrationsofNH3—Nwerethehighestoutofthese.TheCBIusedinthisstudyshowedhighpotentialtocapturestormwatergrosspollutantsat>150μm.

Keywords:Stormwater;Catchbasininserts;Waterquality;Pollutants;Treatment

AHMFaisalAnwar  CurtinUniversityEmail:f.anwar@curtin.edu.au

·541·

ApplicationofLIDtoUrbanRunoffControlUsingSWMM:CaseStudyinaRetrofittedArea

YaoChen1,ZiqiZhu1,LinhongDuan1,YiXiong2,YuQin1

1.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.ZhongboEngineeringConsultLtd.Co.Chongqing

Abstract

FloodingandstormwaterpollutionbyurbanrunoffcausingbyrapidurbanizationonbothhydrologyandwaterqualityhavebecomeaseriousissueinChina.Lowimpactdevelopment(LID)regardingasagreenapproachinrestoringtheoriginalhydrologicalcycleiscurrentlybeingwidelyproposedtomitigatetheimpactofincreasingimpervioussurfacesonstormwaterrunoff.However,thepotentialofmultipleLIDimplementationstomitigatetheimpactsofurbanstormwaterinaretrofittedareaisnotyetfullyunderstood,particularlyamongdifferentrainfallrecurrenceinterval.Inthisstudy,hydrologicalresponsesofLIDcontrolmodels(raingarden,permeablepavementandbioretention)todifferentfourrainfallrecurrenceintervalscenarios(1a,10a,50aand100a)inaretrofittedareawasexploredusingtheStromWaterManagementModel(SWMM)LIDmodel.Modelsimulationresultsshowedthatthemodelcanbecalibratedandvalidatedwithtrialanderrormethodbasedonfourtypicalrainfallfieldmeasuresinthelackofdailyprecipitationdata,andthemostsensitiveparametertorunoffpeakwasDstoreImpervinSWMM,whichcandecreasewiththeincreaseofrainfall.Meanwhile,theyalsoconfirmedtheeffectivenessofLIDcontrolsinthereconstructingofdevelopedareas;however,hydrologicalperformanceofretrofittedscenariowasstillnotyetuptothepredevelopmentlevel,especiallywherethehigherrainfall,thelowerpotentialofLIDimplementationsonhydrologicalresponses.

Keywords:Runoffcontrol;SWMM;LID;Rainfallrecurrenceinterval;Hydrologicalperformance

YaoChen  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:chenyao@cqjtu.edu.cn

·641·

StudyonControlEffectofLowImpactDevelopmentMeasuresofUrbanPipeNetworkBasedonSWMM

QinZhang,ShoupingZhang,QingweiYang

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

ThemodelofurbanpipelinenetworkwasestablishedbytherainwatermanagementmodelSWMM,whichdividedtheareaanddeterminedtheparametersinZihui,YueLai,Chongqingcity.TheChicagohydrographmodelisemployedtosimulateddifferentrainfallcharacteristic(returnperiods,rainfalldurationandrainfallpeakposition).TheLowimpactdevelopment(LID)measures(greenroof,permeablepavement,vegetableswaleandraingarden)areusedtosimulatedandevaluatedtheeffectofrainfloodcontrolinthestudyarea.ThestudyshowsthatreasonableuseofLIDcaneffectivelyimprovetheabilityofregionaldrainagesystem,whichtocopewithheavyrainfallandreducetheriskofwaterlogging.Also,Itcanprovideatheoreticalbasisfortheengineeringpracticeoflowimpactdevelopmentinspongecity.

Keywords:Lowimpactdevelopment(LID);SWMM model;Urbanpipenetwork;Rainfallcharacteristics

QinZhang  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:523897929@qq.com

·741·

DesignParadigmforHydraulicEngineeringSustainability

TsungChowJoeSu

FloridaAtlanticUniversity

Abstract

Scouringwhichisaspecifictypeoferosionisthemaincauseofcoastalstructuredestructionresponsiblefor60% ofbridgefailures.Scouringpreventionisamajorhydraulicengineeringchallenge.Currentapproachessuchasprotectionusingconcreterubbleareunabletoachievelongtermscouringprevention.HereweshowthatanengineeringprinciplefirststatedinthethirdcenturyB.C.canbeusedtopreventscouring.TheDujiangyanirrigationsystem,wasconstructedaround256B.C.forwaterconservationandfloodcontrol.Thishydraulicengineeringsystemcontinuestooperatetoday,makingittheonlylargehydraulicprojectthathassurvivedfromancienttimes.OntheeastsideofDujiangyan,peoplehavebuiltashrineforLiBing,theengineerandgovernor.SeveralofLiBing’sdesignparadigmsareinscribedintheshrine.Oneparadigmstates,“Whenencounteringfrontalflow,maketheheartofthestructureporous”.Weshowforthefirsttimethatthisparadigmcanbeappliedinmodernhydraulicengineeringchallenges,namelyinpreventingbridgeandpipescour.Wehavefound,throughvisualinvestigationinarecirculatingflume,thatthisancientparadigmcanpreventscouring,openinganewapproachtowardengineeringsustainability.Wereportthevisualinvestigation,relatethedesignparadigmtoestablishedprinciplesofmodernfluiddynamics,andprovideanexplanationforitspossibleancientphilosophicalorigin.Weappliedthisparadigmtoflowcontrolwithporousstructures.Weanticipatethatourworkwillhaveasignificantimpactonhydraulicengineeringdesignprinciples,willsubstantiallyreduceinfrastructuremaintenancecosts,improvetheperformanceoffluidmachineriesandwillenableinfrastructuresurvivalthroughupcomingclimatechanges.

Keywords:Hydraulicengineering;Scouringprevention;Dujiangyanirrigationsystem

TsungChowJoeSu  FloridaAtlanticUniversityEmail:ccli@dprc.ncku.edu.tw

·841·

StudyoftheEffectingFactorsandtheComprehensiveAssessmentofPublicPrivate

PartnershipsConstructionProjectinSpongeCity

LiwenCao

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

AccordingtothecharacteristicsofPublicPrivatePartnershipsconstructionprojectinSpongeCity,determinedthefactorsinfluencingPPPconstructioninSpongeCityfromgovernment;society,economy;ecology,etc.Referringtothenewideasofadaptivestewardshipfromadvancedcountries,thispaperanalyzestheproblemsandpressuresintheprocessofpromotingtheconstructionofPPPprojectinSpongeCity.Amethodbasedontheanalytichierarchyprocess(AHP)andthetechniquefororderpreferencebysimilaritytoidealsolution(TOPSIS)isusedtoevaluatethePublicPrivatePartnershipsconstructionprojectinSpongeCity.Finally,itdeliverssomeproposalsforadoptinglowimpactdevelopment;securingwatersafety;speedingupurbanreservoirstoenhancesustainableutilizationandmanagementofurbanwaterresources.

Keywords:SpongeCity;PPPmodel;Analytichierarchyprocess(AHP);Techniquefororderpreferencebysimilarit

LiwenCao  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:liwencqjtu@163.com

·941·

EvaluationofSeveralRemoteSensingSoilMoistureDataProductsoverChina

JingjingSun,WenWang

HohaiUniversity

Abstract

Fourofremotesensingsoilmoisturedataproducts(ESACCI,FY3B,SMOS/BEC,SMOS/CATDS)overChinaareevaluatedfrom theaspectsoftheirstatisticalcharacteristics,correlationswithprecipitationmeasurementsandconsistencywithgroundbasedmeasurements.Further,fourproductsarecomparedwithsimulateddatafrom globallandsurfacedataassimilationsystem(GLDAS).TheresultsshowthatESACCIproductperformsbestamongthefoursatelliteproducts,whosespatialdistributionmatchesthatoftheactualsoilmoistureinChina,thevariationcoefficientisamongthenormalvariationrange,andithasthebestcorrelationwithprecipitation.FY3Bproductoverestimatesoilmoistureinhumidregionswhileunderestimatesoilmoistureinaridregionscomparedwithgroundobservations,butthevariationcoefficientisstillwithinthenormalrange.ThesoilmoisturefromSMOS/BECproductisgenerallylowerthantheotherproducts,thevariationcoefficientisabnormalinthenorthwest,andthecorrelationwithprecipitationispoor.SMOS/CATDSproducthastheworstdataqualitywithgenerallyabnormalcoefficientofvariationandlowcorrelationwithprecipitation.AllthefoursatellitebasedsoilmoisturedatacannotcapturetheseasonalvariationsofsoilmoistureinnortheastChina,northChinaandXinjiangprovinceproperly,andtheyunderestimategenerallyinthoseareas.Comparedwithsatellitebasedsoilmoistureproducts,soilmoisturesimulatedbyGLDASshowsbetterstatisticalcharacteristics,highercorrelationwithprecipitation,andbetterconsistencywithgroundmeasurements.

Keywords:Soilmoistureproducts;Satelliteremotesensing;GLDAS

JingjingSun  HohaiUniversityEmail:1441918214@qq.com

·051·

CurrentStatusofVOCsRecoveryConstructionandRelatedRegulationsinChina

ChunxiaQiu,XuanyaWang

ChinaAcademyofTransportationSciences

Abstract

AirpollutionpreventionhasbeengothighattentioninChina.Asoneofthemostimportantenergyconservationandemissionreductionworkinrecenttenyears,theVOCsrecoveryonoilterminalhasbeenincludedinto“LawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonthepreventionandcontrolofairpollution”(2015edition).Tillnow,VOCsrecoveryunitshavebeeninstalledonabout20oilterminals.But90% ofthemhavenotcomeintoserviceyet.Theregulation“TechnicalspecificationofTerminalVOCsrecoveryunitsconstruction(JTS196122017)”hasbeenpublishedandrelatedemissionstandardsareinthepreparationprocess.Presentlythereisnoencouragingnormandatorypolicyontheoilterminals’VOCsrecovery.Relatedstandardsorregulationstillneedtobeimproved.Moreover,thedifficultiesofreconstructionofoldterminalsandships,aswellasthekeytechnologiesofVOC’srecoveryproject,aresobigthatneedstoberesolvedurgently.

Keywords:VOCsrecoveryconstruction;Energyconservation;Emissionreductionwork

ChunxiaQiu  ChinaAcademyofTransportationSciencesEmail:qiucx@126.com

·151·

ModelingStudyofaTurbulentHydrothermalPlumeandParticleMotionsinStratifiedFluids

YingzhongLou1,ZhiguoHe1,2,XiqiuHan1,2

1.ZhejiangUniversity2.TheSecondInstituteofOceanography,StateOceanicAdministration

Abstract

AcomputationalfluiddynamicmodelthatnumericallysolvestheunsteadyReynoldsaveragedNavierStokesEquations,thespeciestransportequationsandtheequationsofmotionforparticleswasdeveloped.Itsimulatedanaxisymmetricturbulenthydrothermalplumewithinitialmomentumandpositivesourcebuoyancyfluxthateruptsfromacircularventintoalinearlystratifiedenvironmentwithaconstantbackgroundbuoyancyfrequency.Moreover,itshowedtrajectoriesofhydrothermalparticlespredictedbythediscreteparticlemodel.Themodelresultsprovideevidencefortheobservationsthatthetraditionalentrainmentassumptionsareonlyapplicableuptothebottomoftheneutralbuoyancylayer,andturbulentviscosityreachesitsmaximumneartheplumecapregion.Furthermore,theresultsgiveanestimationofthespatialscalingofhorizontaltransportofparticlesreleasedbyaplumeinatypicaloceanenvironment.

Keywords:Hydrothermalplumehydrodynamics;Turbulentmixing;Discreteparticlemodel;Computationalfluiddynamic

YingzhongLou  ZhejiangUniversityEmail:21734013@zju.edu.cn

·251·

AQuantitativeStudyontheEcologicalCompensationStandardintheThreeGorgesReservoirAreaBasedonEcologicalFootprint

JianZhou

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

FollowupdevelopmentoftheThreeGorgesReservoirAreahasbeenthefocusofattentionfromallcircles,andecologicalcompensationisakeydirectionofthestudy.Basedontheecologicalfootprintmodel,thedynamiccorrectionofthecarriedoutbyusingthe“pha”method.Furthermore,thispapercalculatedtheecologicalfootprintandecologicalcarryingcapacityofeverydistrictsintheChongqingsectionoftheThreeGorgesReservoirareawiththedataof2010to2015whichhasbeendynamiccorrected,andecologicalsecurityindexhavebeencalculatedtorevealthestatusofeachdistrict.Moreover,useopportunitycostmethod,theecologicalcompensationvalueswereobtainedfordynamicanalysis.Bymergingtheecologicalmethodintoecologicalcompensationstandard,theaccountingscopecouldbeexpandedtoincreasetheaccuracyoftheresults.ThisresearchresultscanprovidereferencefortheecologicalcompensationstandardandpolicyforthefollowupdevelopmentoftheThreeGorgesReservoirArea.

Keywords:Ecologicalcompensationstandard;ThreeGorgesReservoir;Ecologicalfootprintmodel;Opportunitycostmethod

JianZhou  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:979167475@qq.com

·351·

StudyofThreedimensionalMotiononLockexchangeGravityCurrent

JieXiong

ZhejiangUniversity

Abstract

Thispaperpresentstheresultsofalargenumberofexperimentsontherisespeedofthegateongravitycurrentandplaneforms.Laboratorygravitycurrentsaregeneratedinahorizontalrectangulartankbytwodigitalcamerastorecordthedistanceandvelocityinlongitudinalandlateraldirection.Theplaneshapeofthealternatingcurrentiscomposedoflobesandclefs.Owingtothedifferencebetweenthelateraldiffusionandthefrictionalresistanceofthesidewall,thethreedimensionaleffectofthegravitycurrentisaltered,whichmaybethecauseoftheuncertaintyaboutthegravitycurrent.

Keywords:Gravitycurrent;Threedimensionaleffect

JieXiong  ZhejiangUniversityEmail:21634054@zju.edu.cn

·451·

PredictionofFlowVelocityProfilesofOpenChannelswithSubmergedVegetation

XiaonanTang

Xi’anJiaotongLiverpoolUniversity

Abstract

Forsubmergedvegetatedflow,theverticalvelocityprofilecanoftenbedescribedbytwolayers,thevegetationlayerinthelowerregionandthesurfacelayerintheuppernonvegetatedregion.Inthispaper,basedonthemomentumequationofflowwithanassumptionofturbulenteddyviscositybeingalinearrelationshipwiththelocalvelocity,atwolayervelocityprofileforflowinanopenchannelwithrigidsubmergedvegetationisproposed.Theproposedmodelwastestedagainstseveraldatasetswidelyusedpreviouslyinliterature.Ourstudiesshowthatthemodelcanpredictthevelocityprofileswellforalldatasets.Inthetest,itwasfoundthatthemixinglengthscaleofeddies(l)iswellrelatedwithbothvegetationheight(h)andflowdepthofsurfacelayer(i.e.heightofnonvegetationlayer,H-h).Closeexaminationofthelengthscalelintheproposedmodelshowedthatwhenl/h=0.03(H/h-1)1/2,themodelcanpredictvelocityprofileswellforallthedatasetsused.Thedatasetsusedincludevarioussubmergence[flowdepth(H)/vegetationheight(h)=1.253.33],differentvegetationdensitiesofa=1.118.5m-1(adefinedasthefrontalareaofthevegetationperunitvolume)andbedslopes(So=4.0×1044.0×103).

Keywords:Velocityprofile;Vegetatedflow;Submergedvegetation;Analyticalmodel;Openchannelflow

XiaonanTang  Xi’anJiaotongLiverpoolUniversityEmail:xiao.tang@xjtlu.edu.cn

·551·

CompositionandEvaluationofSoilPollutantsintheThreeGorgesFluctuatingBelt

ShuoWang,XuhuiFu

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

WiththeunderstandingofaseriesofecologicalproblemsthatmaybecausedbythecompletionoftheThreeGorgesproject,thewaterandsoilerosionoftheThreeGorgesreservoir,thepollutionofwaterqualityandtheecosystemhavegraduallybecomeahotanddifficultpointintheresearchofmanysubjectsinChina.Inthispaper,theresearchstatusofsoilintheThreeGorgesreservoirisreviewed,thecompositionandsourceofsoilpollutantsintheThreeGorgeszonearereviewed,andthethreeriskassessmentmethodsareusedtomakethelatestevaluationandanalysisontheeliminationzone.Finally,thesoilpollutionleveloftheThreeGorgesreservoirisobtainedbycomprehensivethreeriskassessmentmethods.Theseincludethesourceofmajorpollutantsfromsourcesofpollutants.Thethreeevaluationmethodsarethesinglepollutionindexmethodofsoilindexevaluationmethodandtheinnerromemcomprehensivepollutionindexmethod,thegeologicalaccumulationindexmethod,thepollutiondamageequivalentmethod.ThreeassessmentmethodswereusedtoevaluatethesoiloftheThreeGorgesfluctuatingbelt,andthesoilpollutionleveloftheThreeGorgesfluctuatingbeltwasobtained,andreasonablemeasureswereputforward.

Keywords:FluctuatingBeltintheThreeGorges;Contaminants;Composition;Evaluation;Soilpollution

ShuoWang  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:949561145@qq.com

·651·

BlueJeansDyeAttributes&ScopetoSparseEnvironmentalImpingement

VihangGirishPathare,PrachiNanaWakode

DilkapRsearchInstituteofEngineering&ResearchStudies

Abstract

CapeTownwaitingfor‘DayZero’whentapwaterfor4millioninhabitantswillbeceasedissymbolicofahugewatercrisis.AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganisation(WHO)andtheUnitedNations(UN),today,2.1billionpeoplelivewithoutsafedrinkingwaterathome;affectingtheirhealth,educationandlivelihoods.

Notbeingabletoaccesscleanwaterisadenialofthebasichumanrightofthepeople.TheUnitedNationsestimatesthatby2050,atleastoneinfourpeopleislikelytoliveinacountryaffectedbychronicorrecurringshortagesoffreshwaterandthesewillallbeindevelopingorunderdevelopednations.

Accordingtothereport“Water:Atwhatcost?”releasedbyWaterAid(2018),about76crorepeople,whichis5% ofIndia’stotalpopulation,aredeprivedofsafewaterandthecountryregistersaround14lakhchilddeathsannuallyduetodiarrhoea,mainlywaterbornedisease.

Thepaperfocussesontheilleffectsofdyeingprocessesonthewater,contaminationofUlhasRiverinTalukaAmbernathofThaneDistrictofMaharashtra,India,suggestsimprovementinthedyeingprocessesandcallsfordrasticstepstobeundertakenforriverwaterconservation.

Keywords:Blue;Jeans;Indigo;Water;UlhasRiver

VihangGirishPathare  DilkapRsearchInstituteofEngineering&ResearchStudiesEmail:vihangpathare@gmail.com

·751·

StudyonVelocityProfileandDragCoefficientofFlowThroughDoubleLayerVegetation

HamidrezaRahimi1,XiaonanTang2,ToktamHatamisengeli3

1.PhDcandidateatXi’anJiaotongLiverpoolUniversity2.AssociateprofessoratXi’anJiaotongLiverpoolUniversity

3.MasteratShahroodUniversityofTechnology

Abstract

Thepresentpaperstudiesthecharacteristicsofflowthatpassesthroughtwolayervegetationinopenchannelsunderemergentandsubmergedconditionsforshortandtallvegetationrespectively.Variousdischargesandflowdepthshavebeenstudiedtoprovideacomprehensivesightofflowdetailsthroughthevegetationlayers,whicharemodelledbycylindricaldowelswith6.35mmdiameterandtwoheightsof10mmand20mminstalledina10mmthickness.FlowvelocityindifferentlocationswasmeasuredbyaNortekADVvelocimetry.

Thevelocityprofilesinsinglelayervegetationunderemergentconditionshowauniformconstantvelocityallovertheflowdepth.Inourstudy,experimentaldataindicatethatthereismorecomplexityaroundtheedgeofshortvegetationwhichcouldbeduetovortexsheddingexistence.Dragcoefficientasaresistanceparameter,hasalargervaluecomparedwithopenchannelwithoutvegetation.Morespecifically,invegetationlayerstheresistanceparametersarefoundtobedependentoftheflowdepthandsubmergencecondition,ontheotherhandchannelswithoutvegetationusuallyhasaconstantroughnesscoefficient.Whentheshortvegetationwasfullysubmerged,thedragcoefficientreducedthroughtheflowdepth.Meanwhile,dragcoefficientshowedareversetendencyinmixedlayercondition.

Velocityprofilesmeasuredindifferentlocationsanddepthsindicatethatlocationisanimportantfactortovelocityprofiles.Thevelocityprofileabovetheshortvegetationintwolayervegetationconditionsismuchlargerthanthatinsinglelayerconditions.Generally,theflowvelocityinsidethevegetationlayerissignificantlysmallerthanthatinthesurfacelayer(i.e.nonvegetationlayer).Anearconstantvelocitydominatesinsidethevegetationlayer,andthenstartstoincreaseneartheinterfaceatthetopofvegetation.Thereisasuddenchangeinthevelocityprofilenearthetopedgeofshortvegetation.Theresultsalsoshowedthatinchannelswithdoublelayervegetation,theflowvelocityisstronglydependentonlocations.

Keywords:Doublelayervegetation;Openchannelflow;Dragcoefficient;Velocityprofile

HamidrezaRahimi PhDcandidateatXi’anJiaotongLiverpoolUniversityEmail:hamidreza.rahimi@liverpool.ac.uk

·851·

NumericalSimulationonOptimumDesignDistanceBetweenRhombicArtificialReefs

MeiliWang,ShengfaYang,PingyiWang,LinfengHan,HeWang

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

SincetheThreeGorgesreservoir,thehydrologicalandecologicalsysteminthemiddlelowerreachesofYangtzeriverhaschangedsignificantly,whichleadedtofourmajorChinesecarpsspawningsuitabilitydecreasedandreproductivemigratoryfishlikeacipensersinensiseggshatchingratedecreased.Artificialreefsplacedinwaterwithdifferentdistance,willnotonlyaffecttheusingeffectbutalsotheprojectcost.TheflowfieldofrhombicartificialreefondifferentdesigndistanceweresimulatedusingtheRNGturbulentmodelbasedonflowconditioninthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeriveaftertheimpoundmentoftheThreeGorges.Thenumericalsimulationresultsareconsistentwithresultsobservedintestmethods.Theresultsshowthatnumericalsimulationandmodeltestarebasicallyidentical.Afterconsideringtheecologicalfunction,economicrationalityandconstructiondifficultyoftheartificialreefs.Thispaperfinallytook1mastheoptimumdesigndistanceoftheartificialreefsinthemiddlelowerreachesofYangtzeRiver,whichaccordingtothemaximumadaptivespeedofdifferentkindsoffishastheupperlimitofwatervelocity.

Keywords:Rhombicartificialreefs;Designdistance;Numericalsimulation;Computationalfluiddynamics

MeiliWang  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:1214859339@qq.com

·951·

StudyontheCharacteristicsofHydrochemistryandHydrogenandOxygenIsotopesoftheGroundwater

intheTypicalIrrigationDistrictoftheYellowRiverinTumochuanPlain

ZiheWang1,2,Weiliu1,2,YipingZhao1,2,TenglinDeng1,2,DiLiu1,2,YongfuWei1,2,XiaofengDu1,2,MingxinWang1,2

1.InstituteOfWaterResourcesforPastoralArea,MWR2.IWHR

Abstract

TumochuanplainisoneofthemainirrigationdistrictsintheupstreamsectionoftheYellowRiver,locatinginthearidandsemiaridarea.Thereisalargeareaofinferiorqualityofgroundwaterwhosetotaldissolvedsolidreaches1.26~17.46g/LfromMinshengcanaltotheembankmentofYellowRiver,reaching31.25g/Linlocal.Hydrochemicalcompositionandhydrogen,oxygenisotopesweremeasuredinsamplesofprecipitation,irrigationwaterandgroundwater,whichwerecollectedduringwinterirrigationin2016andspringirrigationin2017.Thevariationsofthesecompositionsareanalyzedtotherechargesourcesofgroundwaterandtheenvironmentalsignificance.TheresultsshowthattheslopeofmeteoricwaterlineforirrigationdistrictofYellowRiverinTumochuanPlainislowerthanthatofmeteoricwaterlineinglobal,whichshowsthathydrogenandoxygenisotopesareenriched,resultinginevaporation.Changesofhydrogenandoxygenisotopiccharacteristicsofirrigationwaterandgroundwaterareobviouslydifferent,andthehydrogen,oxygenisotopesaredepletedfromirrigationwatertogroundwater.ThehydrochemicaltypesofprecipitationandirrigationwaterareHCO3·NO3—CaandCl·SO4—Na·Carespectively,andthehydrochemicaltypesofthegroundwaterareHCO3·Cl·SO4—NaandSO4·Cl—NaandCl—Nainturnformnorthwesttosoutheast.Thecontentofsulfateionincentralregionishigh,mainlyaffectedbythedissolutionofgypsumformation,andtotaldissolvedsolidsaregenerallyhigh,mainlyaffectedbythestrongevaporation.Thehydrogen,oxygenisotopesofirrigationwaterandgroundwatervaryfrom(-87~-62)×103and(-11.4~-8.4)×103respectively,theseisotopiccompositionsareenrichedgraduallyfromsoutheasttonorthwest.YellowRiverwaterhastheimportantrechargesourcesforthelargearea,andprecipitationandthelateralseepagewaterarethemainsourcesintheareaofHesenmaoandHouhuangdi.

Keywords:Tumochuanplain;Hydrogenandoxygenisotopes;Hydrochemicalcharacteristics;Groundwater

ZiheWang  InstituteOfWaterResourcesforPastoralArea,MWREmail:wangzihe_168@163.com

·061·

ResearchonPassengerShipFormofInternationalWaterwayfromChinaMyanmarBoundaryMarkeratUpperMekongRivertoLuangPrabang,Laos

YanhuaYang

TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering

Abstract

OriginatingfromTanggulaMountain,Qinghai,China,theMekongRiverflowsintotheSouthChinaSea(calledasLancangRiverwithinChineseterritory)atHoChiMinhCity,VietnamthroughChina,Myanmar,Laos,Thailand,CambodiaandVietnam,withtheoveralllengthof4,880km,anditisthesixthlargestriverintheworld.WiththeKhoneFallsastheboundary,theupperpartiscalledastheUpperMekongRiver,andthelowerpartiscalledastheLowerMekongRiver;asageologicalfissure,theKhoneFallsblockthenavigationoftheUpperandLowerMekongRiver.ThefreenavigablereachofmerchantshipsdeterminedbyChina,Laos,MyanmarandThailandislocatedattheUpperMekongRiver(seeFig.1),inthenavigationsectionof890km,thesectionwith259kmfromNandebaPortAreainSimaotoChinaMyanmarBoundaryMarker243istheinlandriverinChina,thesectionwith31kmfromChinaMyanmarBoundaryMarker243toChinaLaosMyanmarBoundaryMarker244isChinaMyanmarBoundaryRiver,thesectionwith300kmfromChinaLaosMyanmarBoundaryMarker244toHouaysai,LaosisLaosMyanmarandLaosThailandBoundaryRiver,andthesectionwith300kmfromHouaysai,LaostoLuangPrabang,LaosistheinlandriverinLaos.

Withveryrichtourismresources,brightandcolorfulexoticandsubtropicalsceneryintheUpperMekongRiverBasin,theinternationalwaterwayfromChinaMyanmarBoundaryMarker243atUpperMekongRivertoLuangPrabang,Laosconnectsdifferentcountriesandregions,whichispraisedbytheinternationaltourism industryasatouristrouteintegratinggreenecologicaltourism,ethnictourism,exploration,sightseeing,leisureandscientificinvestigationandsoon.However,atpresent,theageofpassengershipsintheUpperMekongRiveriselder,withspottyquality,whichhavenotyetdevelopedserialpassengershipformswithinternationaltourismandshippingcharacteristicsintheUpperMekongRiver.Inviewofthis,thispaperanalyzesthedevelopmentdirectionofpassengershipofinternationalwaterwayfromChinaMyanmarBoundaryMarker243atUpperMekongRivertoLuangPrabang,Laos,andaccordingtothecharacteristicsofinternationalwaterwayintheUpperMekongRiver,onthe

·161·

basisoffullreferenceforexcellentshipformsofdomesticandoverseassimilarrivers,thecomprehensiveevaluationindexeswithmultipleaspectsincludingshiptechnology,economy,societyandenvironmentalprotectionareestablished,andthemaindimensionsofpassengershipformforhighgradeforeignrelatedtourismaredevelopedthroughstudyingtheconformityofthewaterwayandmarketdemandandmeetingthetourismandcomfortdemandsofinternationalpassengertransportintheUpperMekongRiver.

Keywords:UpperMekongRiver;Passengership;Shipform;Maindimensions;Internationalwaterway

YanhuaYang  TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineeringEmail:yyh200@163.com

·261·

SoluteTransportina3DRoughwalledFracture:theEffectofChannelsandImmobileZones

BinLu1,JianLu2,3,ShiqiangWu1,XinghuaXie1,YanGong1

1.NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute2.HohaiUniversity

3.ScienceandTechnologyPromotionCenter,MinistryofWaterResourcesP.R.C

Abstract

Solutetransportinroughwalledfracturesisimportantinmanyproblemssuchasgroundwatercontaminatedremediationandgeologicstorageofradioactivewaste.Inordertounderstandtheanomalousbehaviorsofsolutetransportinroughwalledfractures,fluidflowandtransportsimulationsareconductedforathreedimensionalfracturemodel,concentrationdistributionandbreakthroughcurves(BTCs)werecaught.OurdirectnumericalsimulationsofsolutetransportshowedearlyarrivalandheavytailinginBTCs.Solutetransportinroughwalledfractureisstronglydependentonthevariabilityoffractureaperture.Ontheonehand,tracertransportquicklythroughthelargeraperturechannels,ontheother,narrowapertureregionshaveslowvelocity,anddiffusiondominatedofthetransportprocessesinthoseimmobilezones,itisoneoftheprimaryreasonsthatcausedheavytailinginBTCs.

Keywords:Fracture;Solutetransport;Anomaloustransport;Breakthroughcurves

BinLu  NanjingHydraulicResearchInstituteEmail:blu@nhri.cn

·361·

InfluenceofChannelRegulatingStructuresontheTransportationandDissipationofSupersaturatedTotalDissolvedGas

QianMa1,RanLi2,XiaShen2,QinZhou1,ChunzeZhang1

1.SouthwesternHydraulicsEngineeringResearchInstituteforWaterTransport,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.StateKeyLaboratoryofHydraulicsandMountainRiverEngineering(SichuanUniversity)

Abstract

Bubbledissolutiondownstreamofadammaycreatezonesofhightotaldissolvedgas(TDG)concentration.SincedissipationofsupersaturatedTDGisextremelyslow,elevatedTDGmayremainwithinthewaterforhundredsofkilometersdownstream,whichmayleadtogasbubbledisease(GBD)orfishmortality.Innavigablerivers,dikeswithvariedsizesandshapesarecommonlyconstructedtoimprovethenavigationflowcondition.Itwouldsignificantlychangetheturbulenceintensityandhydropressureoftheflow,whicharemainfactorsaffectthedissipationofTDG.Therefore,TDGdistributioninthewaterwayisdifferentfromthatinthenaturalriver.ToanalyzetheinfluenceofregulationstructuresonthetransportationanddissipationofsupertsaturatedTDG,adepthaveraged,twodimensionalmodelofTDGdissipationataninlandwaterwaywasestablished.Themodelwasverifiedbyaflumeexperimentandsimulationresultsmatchedwellwiththeexperimentaldata.Basedonthat,anumericalsimulationoftheTDGattheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverwasconducted.Effectofthedikes’sizeandshapewasinvestigated.Asblankcontrol,simulationinthewaterwayunderthenaturalcondition,i.e.withoutregulationstructure,wasset.Finally,theeffectsofTDGsupersaturationonfishunderdifferentsimulationscenarioswereevaluatedbasedontoleranceresearchresultsfornativefish.Thestudycanbeusedtoidentifytheenvironmentalinfluenceofwaterwayregulation.Itisoftheoreticalvalueandpracticalsignificanceindevelopingecoenvironmentallyfriendlywaterway.

Keywords:Totaldissolvedgas;Supersaturation;Dissipation;Channelregulatingstructures;Numericalmodeling

QinZhou  SouthwesternHydraulicsEngineeringResearchInstituteforWaterTransport,ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:zhouqin@126.com

·461·

BinaryComponentSorptionofCadmium,andCopperIonsontoYangtzeRiverSediments

withDifferentParticleSizes

JianxinFan,GuoliangZhao

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Sorptionisacrucialprocessthatinfluencesimmobilizationandmigrationofheavymetalsinanaqueousenvironment.Sedimentsrepresentoneoftheultimatesinksforheavymetalsdischargedintowaterbody.Moreover,theparticlesizeofsedimentsplaysanextremelyimportantroleintheimmobilizationofheavymetals.Inthisstudy,thesorptionanddesorptionofcadmium(Cd)andcopper(Cu)ontosedimentswithdifferentparticlesizeswereinvestigatedtopredicttherateandcapacityofsorption,tounderstandtheirenvironmentalbehaviorsinanaqueousenvironment.BatchsorptionandkineticexperimentswereconductedtoobtaintheretainedamountandrateofCdandCuinabinarysystem.Experimentaldataweresimulatedusingsorptionmodelstoascertainthesorptioncapacityandthekineticrate.ResultsofEuropeanCommunitiesBureau ofReference (BCR) sequentialextraction showed the highestconcentrationofCd(0.344mg·kg-1),anditsdistributionvariedwithsedimentparticlesizeandsite.Furthermore,mostofCu(approximately57% to84%)existedasaresidualfraction.ThesorptionofCuontosixsedimentsfollowedapseudofirstorderreaction,whereasthatofCdfollowedapseudosecondorderreaction.Additionally,thecompetitiveLangmuirmodelfittedthebatchsorptionexperimentaldataextremelywell.ThehighestsorptioncapacitiesofCdandCureach0.641mmol·kg-1and62.3mmol·kg-1,respectively,onthesmallestsubmergedsedimentparticles.TheamountsofCuandCddesorbed(mmol·kg-1)increasedlinearlywiththeinitialconcentrationincreasing.Thus,sedimenttextureisanimportantfactorthatinfluencesthesorptionofheavymetalontosediments.

Keywords:CuandCd;Sorption;Desorption;Particlesize;Sediment

JianxinFan  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:jxfanw@cqjtu.edu.cn

·561·

StudyonSRTInfluencetoPhosphorousRemovalandSludgeCharactersofHAA/AMCOProcess

NingZuo,JinchaoHe,DeweiMu,XiaLi

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Anadvancedprocesscombiningexcesssludgereductionandphosphorousandnitrogenremovalisdeveloped,forshort,HAA/AMCOprocess(HydrolysisAcidificationAnaerobic/AnoxicMultistepContinuousOxictank),whichishelpfulforimprovingphosphorousandnitrogenremovalinsludgereductiontechnologies.HAA/AMCOprocesshasbetterperformanceofsimultaneoussludgereductionandphosphorousandnitrogenremoval.ThisstudyisaimedtoinvestigatetheinfluenceofSRTonphosphorusremovalandsludgecharacteristicsinHAA/AMCOProcess.

ExtendedSRT(sludgeretentiontime)ishelpfultoimproveabilityofanaerobicphosphorousreleaseandchemicalrecoveryofphosphate,yetphosphorousremovalefficiencywillnotbeaffected.ExtendedSRTmakesthesystemtohaveevenmoreactivesludge,italsocanleadtothesystemhavepowerfulabilityofbiochemicalreactionbyusingsuperiorityofconcentration,meanwhile,extendedSRTcanstillreducesludgeyield.ExtendedSRTcannotmakeSMP(solublemetabolicproducts)accumulateinthereactorsothatpollutantsremovalpowerisreduced,italsocannotaffecttheactivityofsludge.However,extendedSRTwillbeabletomakecoagulationofsludgehard,SVIvalueincrease,yetitcannotcausesludgebulking.

Keywords:Phosphorous Removal; Sludge reduction; Phosphorous anaerobic release;Phosphorousaerobicabsorption

NingZuo  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:401839655@qq.com

·661·

ExtractionoftheEnvironmentalConditionsSuitablefortheSpawningofSweetfish

intheShimantoRiver

ShojiOkada1,ZhangHao2,NaoakiMatsuoka1

1.NationalInstituteofTechnology,KochiCollege2.KochiUniversity

Abstract

Inrecentyears,catchesofsweetfishintheShimantoRiverhavedecreasedtoonethirtiethofitspreviouslevelsfrom1975to2009.Oneoftheprimaryreasonsforthisdecreaseisconsideredtobethenarrowingoftheriverwidthcausedbythespreadingofrivervegetation.Toexaminethiscauseandcreatesuitableconditionsforthespawningofsweetfish,weextractedthetopographicandhydraulicconditionsoftheriverbyconductingdetailedrivertopographymeasurementsbeforeandafterafloodusingtheUAVphotogrammetrytechnique,ariverbedpenetrationsurveyaroundthesweetfishspawninggroundsandatwodimensionalanalysisoftheflow.

Keywords:Sweetfish;Spawningground;UAVphotogrammetry;Twodimensionalanalysisoftheflow

ShojiOkada  NationalInstituteofTechnology,KochiCollegeEmail:shoji.okada@gmail.com

·761·

MechanismofAerobicNitrogenRemovalaboutAdvancedSludgeReductionProcess—HAA/AMCO

DeweiMu,NingZuo,JinchaoHe,YongqinPeng,XiaLi

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Inordertoexplorethemethodofimprovingphosphorousandnitrogenremovalinsludgereductiontechnologies,anadvancedprocesscombiningsludgereductionandphosphorousandnitrogenremovalisdeveloped,forshort,HAA/AMCOProcess(HydrolysisAcidogenosisAnaerobic/AnoxicMultistepContinuousOxictank).Undertheconditionofthisprocessachievingfavorableeffectofphosphorousandnitrogenremovalandsludgereduction,testresultsoftheprocesstreatingcampuswastewatershowthatwheninfluentaverageTNis47mg/L,theeffluentTNis10.9mg/L,andTNremovalrateis76.8%,ofwhich,therateofaerobicnitrogenremovalis50%,andtherateofanoxicnitrogenremovalis26%.ThereareacertainamountofbacteriawhichareprovidedwithdenitrificationabilityunderaerobicconditioninHAA/AMCOsystem.Theyhavecontributedtoaerobicnitrogenremoval,andDOcannotaffecttheirdenitrificationability.DOconcentrationgradientofoxictankcontributestoforminganoxicenvironmentinsludgeflocunderaerobiccondition,whichcanpromotesimultaneousnitrificationanddenitrification(SND).Besides,reducingthesizeofsludgefloccandecreaseofanoxicareaproportionofsludgefloc,accordinglyreducenitrogenremovalefficiencyofSND.

Keywords:Sludgereduction;Phosphorousandnitrogenremoval;Aerobicdenitrification;Simultaneousnitrifica

DeweiMu  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:401839655@qq.com

·861·

EvaluationofLongxiRiverWaterEcologicalConstruction

JieZhang1,YangCheng1,XiaoqingWang2

1.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.ChongqingSouthwestWaterTransportEngineeringInstitute

Abstract

TheLongxiRiverBasinspansLiangpingDistrict,DianjiangCountyandChangshouDistrictofChongqingCity,andfinallyflowsintotheYangtzeRiver.Sincethewastewaterfromsurroundingproductionandlivingdoesnotmeetthedischargestandards,thewaterqualityofLongxiRiveronceturnedintoblackandodorlesswater,andtheecologicalenvironmentoftheriverdeteriorated.Seriouslyaffectingpeople’sproductionandlife,andimprovingtheecologyoftheLongxiRiverisimminent.BasedonthedatacollectionandinvestigationofLongxiRiver,combinedwiththeactualsituationofthebasin,thispapersystematicallyindexesandestablishesanevaluationindexsystemofwaterecologicalconstructionsuitableforLongxiRiver.Then,acomprehensiveevaluationmethodwasusedtoevaluatethewaterecologicalconstructionofLongxiRiver.TheresultsshowedthatthewholewaterecologicalconstructionofLongxiRiverwasinageneralstate.Thesituationinthedownstreamsegmentisbetterthanintheupstreamsegment,whichisgreatlyaffectedbythewaterqualityinthewaterfunctionzone.

Keywords:Longxiriver;Evaluationindex;Waterecologicalconstruction

ZhangJie  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:1429823040@qq.com

·961·

AReviewofDistribution,AnalysisMethods,ModelMethodsandEnvironmental

EffectsofMicroplastics

GuoliangZhao1,JianxinFan1,2

1.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.SouthwestUniversity

Abstract

Microplastics,anewtypeofcontaminant,whichattractedwideattentionowntoeasilydischargedand difficultlyrecovered.Thepapersummarizesthe research situation ofmicroplasticsathomeandabroadinrecentyears,aimingtoprovideareliabledirectionforthefutureresearchofmicroplastics.

Basedonthephysicalandchemicalproperties,thispapersummarizesresearchprogressthesource,distribution,migration,analysismethods,simulationandpredictionmethods,andenvironmentaleffectsofmicroplastics.

Theresearchresultsshowthatthesourceofmicroplasticsinriversandlakesincludedirectemissionsintheprocessofproductionwithprimarymicroplasticsandlargepiecesofplasticbreakdowntoformsecondarymicroplastics,itsabundanceisoftenassociatedwiththedegreeofurbanization;Bothonlandandsea,microplasticshavethecharacteristicsofdistributingwidelyandtheregionalfocus,andthedeepseamaybethegatheringplaceofmicroplasticsintheend,theabundanceofmicroplasticsofthewaterandsedimentinChinareachedthousandsofpercubicmeter.Withthedevelopmentofmicroplasticsanalysistechnology,suchasFTIR,Ramanspectrometer,PyrGCMSandscanningelectronmicroscopyspectrometercoupledmethodhasbeenappliedtotheanalysisofthemicroplasticsidentification.Somemodelshavealsobeguntobeusedinthemigrationandquantificationresearchofmicroplastics.Duetothemicroplasticsbiologicaleffectandthecompositeeffectofthecombinationofotherpollutants(heavymetals,organicpollutantsandmicroorganisms),causedthebiologicalhealththreatenedwithhugepotentialdanger.

Furtherstudiesareneededonthedistribution,environmentaleffects,fasterandmoreaccurateanalysismethodsandpreventionandcontroltechniquesofmicroplasticsintheenvironmentoffreshwaterbasin.

Keywords:Microplastics;Source;Distribution;Model;Environmentaleffects;Contaminant

GuoliangZhao  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:15328594810@163.com

·071·

PreliminaryStudyonSoilErosionattheWaterLevelFluctuatingZoneofthe

ThreeGorgeReservoir

DingdanTang

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

AfterthecompletionoftheThreeGorgesProject,theoperationmodeof“storageanddischargeoffloods”wasadopted,andafallzonewithadropof30moccurred.Theslopesofthefluctuatingzoneareaffectedbythecyclicaleffectsofdrywetalternation.Thegroundvegetationandsoilstructureareseverelydamaged.Soilerosionandisstrong.Theproblemofsoilerosioninthewaterlevelfluctuatingzoneshouldbegivenfullattention.Throughreadingalargeamountofliterature,thecausesofsoilerosioninthewaterlevelfluctuatingzonewereattemptedtobeanalyzedandseveraltypicalformsofsoilerosioninthewaterlevelfluctuatingzoneoftheThreeGorgesReservoirwereconcluded:waveerosion,rainfallrunofferosion,collapse,landslides,etc.Severaltypesoferosionwereanalyzedandstudied,amongwhichwaveerosionandcollapsearethemostserious.Inordertobetterprotecttheecosafetyofthewaterlevelfluctuatingzone,thebasiccharacteristicsandecologicalfunctionsofthewaterlevelfluctuatingzonewereunderstoodandanalyzed.

Keywords:TheThreeGorgesReservoir;Thewaterlevelfluctuatingzone;Waveerosion;Collapse

DingdanTang   ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:1060207459@qq.com

·171·

CompositionofFloatingDebrisinDifferentWaterBodies

WeiGao1,YanmeiYang1,2,ZihangZhang1

1.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.NationalInlandWaterwayImprovementEngineeringResearchCenter

Abstract

1.PurposeTounderstandthespeciesoffloatingdebrisindifferentwaters(sea,river,lakeandreservoir),andtoprovidebasisforthecontroloffloatingdebrisinthefuture.2.MethodConsulttheliteratureonfloatingdebris.3.ConclusionFordifferentwaters(sea,river,lake,reservoir)floatingdebris,iffromthesourceofit,itcanbedividedintonaturalfloatingdebrisandartificialfloatingdebris.

Keywords:Floatingdebris;Riversandlakes;Environment

WeiGao  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:495561626@qq.com

·271·

ResearchonHighefficiencyTreatmentofBlackOdorousWaterSuspendedSolidsBasedon

theCombinationofHydraulicRotatingDeviceandFlocculation

YuanyuanSong,XuhuiFu

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Withtherapiddevelopmentofsocietyandeconomy,thecontradictionbetweenthesupplyanddemandofwaterresourcesisprominent,andthepollutionofmalodorousblackriverincitiesisbecomingincreasinglypolluted.ItisurgenttochooseefficientwatertreatmenttechnologyThisthesisisbasedononlyrelyonhydraulicrotatingdeviceforexperimentalresearch,jointflocculanttoachievehighefficiencyofwastewatertreatment.Experimentswereconductedthroughspecificphysicalmodelsandtestresultswereobtained.Theanalysisandsummarizationofthetestdatawereconductedtostudytheeffectofthedosage,placementposition,andinfluentflowonthepurificationeffectofthesewage.Theresearchcontentofthispapercanbeusedtocontrolthemalodorousblackriverincities,aswellastopromotetheapplicationofadvancedwatersavingtechnologiessuchasurbanpretreatmentforacceleratedfloodinganddripirrigation.

Keywords:Hydraulicrotating;Flocculant;Malodorousblackriverincities;Physicalmodel

YuanyuanSong   ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:alice691288009@126.com

·371·

TheColdIslandEffectandItsInternalMechanismofthe“SourceHui”LandscapePatternintheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt

LidanCheng,DongjieGuan

ChongQingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Basedontheextracted“sourcesink”landscapespatialinformation,thisstudyanalyzesthelandscapeevolutionof“sourcesink”intheYangtzeRivereconomicbeltandstudiesitsstructuralfeaturesandlandscapefeatures.Fromthemultidimensionalperspectivesoflandscapepattern,spatialdistributionandmorphologicalcharacteristics,thispaperconstructsacoupledsystemofsourcesinklandscapepatchesandsurfacethermalenvironmenteffects.Furthermore,thetheoreticalmethodofcoldislandeffectof“source”landscapeisputforward,andthemechanismofurbancoldislandpatterninthestudyareaisclarifiedintermsofinterannualevolutioncharacteristics,seasonalevolutioncharacteristics,coldislandprofileanalysisandimpactfactoranalysis.Becausethecontributionofwetlandpatchestothereliefoftheheatislandeffectisgenerallyhigherthanthatofotherecosystempatches,thestudyselectedthewetlandlandscapeastheresearchfocusofthe“source”landscapecoldislandeffect,throughthecomprehensiveanalysisofthesingleimpactfactorandcompoundimpactfactor,Urbanlandscapeplanningofwetlandlandscapeunderthegradientofurbansuburbs,andthenputforwardcountermeasuresandsuggestionsontherationallayoutofurbanland.

Keywords:Coldislandeffect;TheYangtzeRivereconomicbelt;“Sourcesink”landscape

LidanCheng  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:cldheipingguo@163.com

·471·

DelineatingUrbanGrowthBoundariesUsingFLUSModel:theCaseofChongqing

ZulunZhao

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Choses9constraintindicatorsofChongqingtodelineatetheurbangrowthboundarywithstrongbinding,theseindicatorsareselectedbyconsideringecologicalsecurity,foodprotection,disasterpreventionandterrainlimit.BasedontheFutureLandUseSimulationmodel(FLUS)model,thispaperselectednatural,socialandeconomicindicators,whichdeeplyinfluencelandusechange,predictedthechangeoflandusein2020anddelineatedtheurbangrowthboundarywithinareasonableperiod.TheresearchshowsthattheFLUSmodelisaneffectivetooltodemarcatetheurbangrowthboundary.

Keywords:FutureLandUseSimulation(FLUS);Urbangrowthboundary(UGB);Mountainouscity

ZulunZhao  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:769301533@qq.com

·571·

FutureScenariosfortheHydrologicalVariablesundertheImpactofClimateChangeintheHaiheRiverBasin,NorthChina

ZhenxinBao1,2,JianyunZhang1,2,GuoqingWang1,2,XiaolinYan1,2

1.NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute2.StateKeyLaboratoryofHydrologyWaterResourcesandHydraulicEngineering

Abstract

Climatechangewillleadtoasignificantimpactonhydrologicalcycleandwaterresourcessystem.Thehydrologicalprojections(streamflow,evapotranspiration,andsoilwater)areassessedbytheVariableInfiltrationCapacity(VIC)modelusingfourGCMsastheinputs,intheHaiheRiverbasin(HRB)underfourclimatechangescenariosinthe21stcentury.Basedonthemodelparameterscalibrationin15catchmentsinandaroundtheHRBandparametersregionalization,thehydrologicalsimulationforthewholeHRBdenotegoodperformanceoftheVICmodel.TheoutputsfromthefourGCMsindicatethattheHRBwillbecomewarmerandwetterinthe21stcentury.Basedontheassessmentresults,theremightbeanincreasingtrendsforthestreamflowandevapotranspirationintheHRBunderfutureclimatechangescenarios,comparedtoitinthebaseline.Monthly,thehighestandlowestincreasingtrendsforstreamflow(evapotranspiration)areinsummer(winter)andspring(summer),respectively.Spatiallytakingthe A1B scenario asan example, the increasing trendsforstreamflow andevapotranspirationinthenorthHRBarehigherthanthatinthesouthpartsoftheHRB.HoweverthereisnotaclearrelativechangeofthesoilwaterintheHRB.Duetotheuncertaintyfromtheclimateprojections,animportantissueshouldbefocused,thatthereisstillasignificantvariabilityfortheassessmentofthehydrologicalprojectionsintheHaiheRiverbasinduringthe21stcentury,amongthedifferentGCMsandclimatechangescenarios.

Keywords:Hydrologicalprojections;Climatechange;Impact;HaiheRiverbasin

ZhenxinBao  NanjingHydraulicResearchInstituteEmail:zxbao@nhri.cn

·671·

QuantitativeEffectsofClimateFluctuationandLandCoverChangeonWatershedRunoffand

SedimentGeneration

ChengchengMeng1,HuilanZhang1,YunqiWang1,XingkuiWang2,DanxunLi2

1.BeijingForestryUniversity2.TsinghuaUniversity

Abstract

VariationofrunoffandsedimentloadsintheUpperYangtzeRiverofChinahavereceivedconsiderableattentionowingtothedramaticchangesofhumaninducedlanduseandclimateduringrecentdecades.Zhenjiangguanwatershed,locatedintheheadwaterregionofMinRiverBasinandwithfewengineeringconstructionswithinit,waschosentoqualitativelyassesstheeffectsofclimatefluctuationandLandUseandLandCoverChange(LUCC)onrunoffandsedimentyieldswithmethodsofstatisticalanalysesanddistributedhydrologicmodeling.Firstly,thetrendsandabruptchangesofmeteorologicalandhydrologicalvariablesduring19642003andNDVI(Normalizeddifferencevegetationindex)valuesbetween1980and2003weredetectedbycumulativedeparturemethodandnonparametricMannKendalltest.Resultsshowedthatsignificantandslightincreasingtrendswerefoundforrunoffandsedimentloadsrespectively,andtheyear1995dividedthewholetimeperiodintoincreasinganddecreasingtimestages;thecontributionofLUCCtorunoffandsedimentloadschangedfrompositivetonegativeforthesetwostages.Furthermore,RedundancyAnalysis(RDA)methodwasappliedtostatisticallypartitionedcontributionratesofclimatechangeandLUCC,andtheresultsshowedthatcontributionsofclimateandLUCCtobothrunoffandsedimentwas4∶1respectively,indicatingamoresignificantroleofNDVIafter1995.Finally,simulationsbythedistributedmodelBasicPollutionCalculationCenter(BPCC)confirmedthatclimatefactors(precipitationandtemperature)andLUCCledtothereductionofrunoffdepthandsedimentloadduring19802003;TheeffectofclimatefluctuationandLUCCtorunoffwas5∶1,whiletosedimentrateswas3∶1,exhibitingthedominateroleofclimatechangeandthestrongersensitivityofsedimentloadstohumaninterference.Resultsfrom distributedhydrologicalmodelinggenerallyagreedwiththatofstatisticalanalyses,whileprovidedmoredetailedinformationandinnermechanicsofhydrologyandsoilerosionprocesses.

Keywords:Climatefluctuation;LUCC;Tendencyanalysis;Quantitativepartition;Distributedhydrologicmodeling

ChengchengMeng  BeijingForestryUniversityEmail:mengcc5@bjfu.edu.cn

·771·

3DModelingofTurbidityCurrentthroughShihmenReservoirinTaiwan

YongG.Lai1,KuoweiWu2

1.U.S.BureauofReclamation2.WaterResourcesPlanningInstitute,WaterResourcesAgency,Taiwan

Abstract

Adensitycurrentformswhenafinitesizeflowenterslargerreceivingwaterwithdifferentdensities.Turbiditycurrentinareservoirisaspecialdensitycurrentwithwhichaturbidstreamentersclearorlessturbidwater.SuchturbiditycurrentsoccuroftenatShihmenReservoirinTaiwanwhichledtovariousproblems.Forone,thereservoirhasbeensubjecttomuchincreasedsedimentdeliveryduringtyphoonsoverthelasttwodecades.Duetolimiteddiversionandsluicingcapability,amajorportionofthefinesedimentshasdepositedinthereservoircausingasignificantlossofthestoragecapacity.Further,extremeeventshadproducedsuchhighsedimentconcentrationsthatwatersupplyhasbeeninterruptedcausingunexpectedeconomicandpoliticalconsequences.Variousmeasuresareneededinordertoextendreservoirlifeandmaintainwatersupply.

Inthisstudy,anewthreedimensional(3D)numericalmodel,SRH3D,isspecificallydevelopedtosimulateturbiditycurrentsinreservoirs.SRH3Dadoptsanewmeshtypeandnewnumericalalgorithms.Inthepaperabriefreviewofturbiditycurrentmodellingisfirstprovidedandthegoverningequationsarethenpresented.Theproposednumericalmethodisbasedonthefinitevolumeformulationwithseparatehorizontalandverticaltreatmentsofturbulence.TheSRH3Dmodelhasbeensubjecttoextensivetestandverification.Selectedtestcasesarereportedtoverifythemodel.Finally,themodelisappliedtosimulatetheturbiditycurrentmovementandsedimentsluicingoutofoutletsfortheShihmenReservoirinTaiwan.3Dmodelresultswillbecomparedwithavailableexperimentaldataandkeyfindingswillbereportedanddiscussed.

Keywords:Turbiditycurrent;3Dmodel;Sedimentsluicing;Turbiditycurrentventing;Reservoirsedimentation

YongG.Lai  U.S.BureauofReclamationEmail:ylai@usbr.gov

·871·

ClearwaterScourDevelopmentatSubmergedWeirs

LuWang1,BruceMelville1,ColinWhittaker1,DaweiGuan2

1.UniversityofAuckland2.HohaiUniversity

Abstract

Theexistenceofasubmergedweirinrivercancauselocalscour,leadingtostructuredamageandfailure.Forclearwaterscour,theequilibriumscourdepthisnotnormallyarchivedduetoashortdurationofflood.Thispaperpresentsanexperimentalstudyonthetemporalevolutionofthescourdepthatasubmergedweir.10clearwatertestswerecarriedoutina12mlong,0.44mwideand0.6mdeepflumeusingtwouniformsands(d50=0.26and0.85mm).Theexperimentalresultsshowthattheupstreamscourdepthatthesubmergeweirisnegligible,thedownstreamscourdepthhasanexponentialrelationshipwithtime.Thedataalsoshowthattheequilibriumdownstreamscourdepthincreaseswithvelocity,therequiredtimefortheequilibriumdownstreamscourdepthcanbeincreasedbytheincreaseineithertheapproachvelocityorthegrainsize.Inaddition,apowerlawequationisproposedforestimatingthetemporaldownstreamscourdepthatasubmergedweir.

Keywords:Clearwaterscour;Submergedweir;Temporalevolution

WangLu  UniversityofAucklandEmail:wlu175@aucklanduni.ac.nz

·971·

ApplingaTwoDimensionalNumericalModeltoAssesstheEvolutionofSoftBedrockChannelSlope

KuoweiWu1,KehChiaYeh1,YongG.Lai2,WeiJungLin3

1.NationalChiaoTungUniversity,Taiwan2.TechnicalServiceCenter,USBR

3.TheFourthRiverManagementOffice,WaterResourcesAgency,Taiwan

Abstract

RriversinTaiwantypicallyhavesteepslopesandsubjecttohighsedimenttransportflows.Duringthepastdecades,earthquakeinducedriverbeduplift,instreamstructure,andsandminingarethreemajoragentsaggravatethechannelmigrationinmostlowerriverreachesofthewestcentralTaiwan.Thearmorlayerwaswashedawayandsoftbedrockexposedintheriverbedimmediatelydownstreamofartificialstructure.Channelstabilitybecomesanimportantissueforthelimitedwaterresourcesandfloodpreventionundertheacceleratedchannelslopeadjustmentforsoftbedrockerosionandknightpointmigration.Toreducethedamageriskofcrossstreaminfrastructures,waterintakestructures,andfloodpreventionworksfromthecontinuedbedrockerosionduringasinglefloodevent.Anumberofstabilityengineeringprojectshavebeenproposedfortheseveresoftbedrockerosionriverreaches.However,theevolutionofsoftbedrockchannelslopebecomesthemostimportantfactorforengineeringprojectconstructionunderthecontinuingmorphdynamicprocesses.

Inthisstudy,thedownstreamriverreachofJiJiWeir,ChoShuiRiver,isselectedforstudyarea.Tofigureoutthecharacteristicofchannelslopeofthesoftbedrockerosionriverreachforstabilityengineeringprojectallocation,atwodimensionalflowmodelisappliedtocalculatetheaccuratechannelslopeovermultiyearsmeasuredtopography.Then,theriverreachisdividedinto4zonesaccordingtoanalyzedchannelslopecharacteristicsandbedmaterialproperty.Also,atwodimensionalflowandmobilebednumericalmodelwithbedrockerosioncapability,SRH2D,isusedtopredictfuturechannelslopedevelopmenttendency.Finallythestablecharacteristicofsoftbedrockchannelslope,integratedwiththestabilityengineeringproject,wasvalidatedbytwoscenariosmodeling,whicharenamed“currentcondition”and“engineeringscheme”scenario.Thesimulatedresultsshowsthattheaveragechannelerosiondepthof“engineeringscheme”scenariocouldbesignificantlyreducedthan“currentcondition”one.However,theimplicationofstablechannelslopederivedfromthestudyareaalsopointoutafurtherstudyneeds.

Keywords:Softbedrock;SRH2D;Engineeringscheme;Scenariomodeling

KuoweiWu  NationalChiaoTungUniversity,TaiwanEmail:kuowei.wu@icloud.com

·081·

PreliminaryForecastMethodonInflowSedimentConcentrationofThreeGorgesReservoir

MiaolinWang

HydrologyandWaterResourcesSurveyBureauofUpperYangtzeRiver,BureauofHydrology,CWRC

Abstract

TomeettheneedsofrealtimeschedulingandmanagementforThreeGorgesReservoir,itisnecessarytocarryouttheresearchofreservoirinflowsedimentpredictiontechnology.BasedontheexistingsedimentmonitoringandreportingstationsintheupperreachesofYangtzeRiver,theforecastsystemandmethodofreservoirinflowsedimentconcentrationinThreeGorgesReservoirwaspreliminaryestablished.(1)Theforecastsystemwasbasedontherelationshipbetweenthesedimentconcentrationofupstreamanddownstreamstation,combinedwiththeshorttermrainfallandrunoffforecastmethodandresults.ThefourinflowcontrolstationsincludetheBeibeistationontheJialingRiver,theZhutuoandCuntanstationontheupperYangtzeRiverandtheWulongstationontheWujiangRiver.(2)Basedonthedataofrunoffandsedimentfrom2000to2014,therelationshipsbetweensedimentconcentrationofupstreamanddownstreamstationsweresimulatedandverified,andthemodelaccuracywassatisfied.(3)Theaccuracyevaluationindexesforsedimentforecastwereproposed.Theerrorlimitwasadoptedas30% ofthemeasuredvalueforthepredictionofsedimentconcentrationprocess,sedimentpeakandsedimentdischarge.(4)ThereservoirinflowsedimentforecastingtestandforecastaccuracyevaluationresultsforThreeGorgesReservoirduringfloodperiodfrom2012to2014wereintroduced.68timessedimentpredictionshadbeencompletedfrom2012to2014.Theresultsshowedthatforecastvaluewasclosetotheactual.Forexample,thepassrateofamountofsedimenttransportationforecastonCuntanstationin2012was83%;theaveragerelativeerrorofthe24hourprocesspredictiononCuntanstationwas24%.ThepredictionresultshavebeensuccessfullyappliedinsedimentflooddispatchingtestinfloodseasonforThreeGorgesReservoir.FinallyitwasconcludedthatthesystemandmethodhasgoodfeasibilityandtimelinessandforecastingaccuracymeettherequirementsfortheoperationofThreeGorgesReservoir.

Keywords:Reservoirsediment;Forecast;Sedimentconcentration;ThreeGorgesReservoir;TheupperreachesofYangtzeRiver

MiaolinWang HydrologyandWaterResourcesSurveyBureauofUpperYangtzeRiver,BureauofHydrology,CWRCEmail:wangmiaolin@163.com

·181·

ModelExperimentsofBedLoadTransportPathEffecttheWaterwaySecurityinUpperYangtzeRiver

XuhuiFu2,1,ShengfaYang1,2,JiangHu1,WenjieLi1,YiXiao1,SichenTong1

1.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.NationalEngineeringResearchCenterofInlandWaterwayRegulation

Abstract

Thebedloadtransportpathisvitaltothesecurityofmountainriverchannels.Predictionofspatialandtemporalofbedloadmovementisrequiredtokeepvesselspassthroughtheshadowregioninmountainouswaterwaysafelyandquicklyduringlowwaterlevelperiods.OnMarch2009,thewaterwayofZhuerqishoalofChongqingreachinupperYangtzeRiverhadbeendredgedto4.5meterslowerthanminimumnavigablewaterstage.Buttwomonthslater,thedredgedchannelwasdepositedagainwhichisunsatisfiedwiththeminimumrequirementof3mdepth.Amovablescalemodelwascarriedouttosimulatethedepositedprocesstoreproducethephenomenaoftherouteofbedloadtransport.Comparisonofflowconditionbetweenbedloadtransportrouteandothershowsthattopographyofriverbedisthekeyinfectfacts.

Keywords:Modelexperiments;Bedloadtransport;UpperYangtzeRiver

XuhuiFu  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:fuxuhui@hotmail.com

·281·

RealtimeFieldMeasurementsandSimulationofShorttermGeneralScourEvolution—ACaseStudyoftheChoShuiRiverinTaiwan

WenDarGuo1,JianHaoHong1,ChengHsinChen1,JihnSungLai2

1.NationalAppliedResearchLaboratories2.NationalTaiwanUniversity

Abstract

Floodinducedriverbedscourcancausesignificantdamagestoconstructionsoffloodprevention,andthusposesthepotentialthreattohumanlivesduetotheriskofconstructionfailure.Thescourmeasurementisofimportanceinprovidingvaluableinformationforreducingriverbedscourdisasters.However,fewstudieshavebeendoneonthetemporalvariationofshorttermriverbedscour.Therefore,thispaperpresentstherealtimefieldmeasurementsandsimulationofshorttermgeneralscourevolutionduringfloods.Twodimensionalfreesurfaceflowmodel,namelySFM2Dthatisaccurateandcapableofsimulatingshallowwaterflowsinthegravelbedriverispresented.Anattractiveadvantageofthedevelopedmodelisthatitissuitableforpracticalapplicationssinceitadoptsthereliablegeneralscourcomputationequationwhichfitsthefielddatamuchbetterthantraditionalequations.ThedevelopedmodelisappliedtosimulatethetemporalvariationofriverbedscouringatthemiddlereachoftheChoShuiRiverinTaiwan.Todemonstratethesimulationcapabilityofthemodel,therealtimeriverbedscourmonitoringwasperformedbyusingthesandpotsandthewirelesstracersformeasuringthefieldscourdata.ThescourmeasurementwasinstalledattheriverbedbetweenPier3andPier4oftheMingchuBridge,asshowninFigure1,toautomaticallyobtaingeneralscourevolution.Comparisonsaremadebetweenthemeasuredandsimulatedgeneralscourevolution,aswellastheresultsbyusingtraditionalequations.AsshowninFigure2,theresultbyBlench(1969)tendstooverestimatemeasuredscourdepth.However,thedevelopedmodelprovidesareasonablefitcomparedwiththemeasuredtemporalvariationofriverbedscourdepthforthefloodeventduringJune25,2017.Basedontheresultsinthisstudy,thedevelopedmodelwasfoundtoreliablysimulatetheshorttermevolutionofriverbedscourcausedbytyphooninducedfloods.

Keywords:Generalscourevolution;Gravelbedriver;Scourmonitoring;Sandpots;Wirelesstracers

WenDarGuo  NationalAppliedResearchLaboratoriesEmail:wdguo@narlabs.org.tw

·381·

PhysicalStudyontheRelationshipbetweenReservoirSedimentationDepthandBackwaterRaises

YitingWang1,2,SichenTong1,2

1.NationalEngineeringResearchCenterforInlandWaterwayRegulation2.DepartmentofRiverAndOceanEngineering

Abstract

Itiswellknownthatthebenefitofthereservoirismainlydependingonthevolumeofitscapacity.Sedimentationisoneofthemajorfactorswhichmayreducethereservoir’scapacity.Sedimentationcausesbackwaterofreservoirextendupwardandwaterlevelrises,whichaggravatethesedimentationandenlargethelossofreservoir’scapacity.Thispaperestablishedgeneralizedphysicalmodeltosimulatethereservoirsedimentationandthebackwater.Emphasiswasputontherelationshipbetweenthesedimentationdepthandthebackwaterrises.Resultsdemonstratethatthereisawelllinearrelationshipbetweenthethicknessofsedimentationalongthewayandbackwaterrises.Theinvestigationprovidesaconvincingexperimentdataandsupportformathematicalmodelofreservoirsedimentation.

Keywords:Sedimentation;Backwaterelevation;Generalizedphysicalexperiment

YitingWang  NationalEngineeringResearchCenterforInlandWaterwayRegulationEmail:2384718901@qq.com

·481·

EffectsoftheLargeBarrageonSedimentLoadalongtheYomRiver,Thailand

MatharitNamsai1,RuetaitipMama2,ButsawanBidorn1,SereeChanyotha1,ChaipantRukvichai1

1.ChulalongkornUniversity2.ChungnamNationalUniversity

Abstract

TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoevaluatetheeffectsofMaeYomBarrageonthesedimentloadalongtheYomRiverdownstreamofthebarrage.Nineriversurveyscarriedoutbetween2011and2013,andthehistoricaldataonthedischargeandthesuspendedsedimentloadduringtheperiod19542014fromtheRoyalIrrigationDepartment(RID)wereused.Theresultssuggestedthattheconstructionofthelargebarragedidnotcauseasignificantchangeinsedimentloadsalongtheriver.Thesignificantchangeinsedimentloadinthisriverlikelyrelatedtoextremeclimate.Moreover,theresultrevealedthatthesedimentloadsinthelowerYomRiverweremainlytransportedassuspendedsedimentload,whichaccountforabout95%100% ofthetotalloads.

Keywords:Barrage;Sedimenttransport;Bedload;Suspendedload;Riversedimentation;Sedimentratingcurve

MatharitNamsai  ChulalongkornUniversityEmail:matharit_mns@hotmail.com

·581·

LaboratoryMeasurementofBedloadDischargeUsingBottomTrackVelocityMeasuredbyADCP

AkiUehara1,ShojiOkada1,AtsuhiroYorozuya2,HiroshiKoseki2

1.KochiNationalCollegeofTechnology2.PublicWorksResearchInstituteWaterDisasterRiskManagementInternationalCenter

Abstract

Inthisstudy,weclarifytheeffectivenessofthecalculationmethodofbedloaddischargeusingADCPproposedbytheauthors.ApparentbedloadvelocitymeasuredbybottomtrackfunctionofADCPandspacetimeimagevelocimetry(STIV)methodwerecompared.Inaddition,timevariationofbedloadvolumedepositedatthedownstreamendofexperimentalchannelbySfMmethodwasinvestigated.Asaresult,undertheexperimentalconditions,thebottomtrackvelocityofADCPwasabletomeasureroughlytheapparentbedloadvelocity,anditwasfoundthatthebedloaddischargecaluclatedbytheauthors’methodwas1/10smallerthantheactualmeasurementvalue.

Keywords:ADCP;Bottom trackvelocity;Bedloaddischarge;Spacetimeimagevelocimetry(STIV)

AkiUehara  KochiNationalCollegeofTechnologyEmail:aki.uehara.riverlab@gmail.com

·681·

SimultaneousObservationofWaterFlow,BedloadandSuspendedSedimentUsingAcousticDopplerCurrentProfilerintheBrahmaputraRiver,Bangladesh

KeisukeTauchi1,ShojiOkada1,AtsuhiroYorozuya2,HiroshiKoseki2

1.NationalInstituteofTechnology,KochiCollege2.InternationalCentreforWaterHazardandRiskManagementundertheauspicesofUNESCO(ICHARM)

Abstract

Waterflow,bedloadandsuspendedsedimenttransportintheBrahmaputraRiver,Bangladesh,weremeasuredsimultaneouslyusinganAcousticDopplerCurrentProfilertocharacterizesedimentmovementduringaflood.Inaddition,weimprovedahorizontalVanDornwatersamplerequippedwithawiredpressuregaugeanddirectlycollectedsuspendedsedimentwhilemonitoringthewaterdepthinrealtime.Thecalculatedbedloadandsuspendedsedimentdischargewithrespecttothemeasuredflowdischargeweresimilartothevaluesobservedbytheauthorsinanotherlocationin2015,andtheflowandsedimentdischargewerepositivelycorrelated.

Keywords:ADCP;Bedloadsediment;Suspendedsediment;Directwatersampling;Echointensity;Turbidity

KeisukeTauchi  NationalInstituteofTechnology,KochiCollegeEmail:keisuke.tauchi.riverlab@gmail.com

·781·

NumericalSimulationontheSedimentationoftheThreeGorgesReservoirBasedontheNew

CharacteristicsofHydrologyandSedimentCondition

SichenTong,ChuanaiWang,XiaoyaTang

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

ThreeGorgesReservoir(TGR)playsasignificantimportantroleinthesustainabledevelopmentofChinesesocialeconomy.Sedimentationisoneofthekeyproblemsaffectthesustainableoperationofthereservoir.Afteritsimpoundmentin2003over90% sedimentationhaveoccurredintheperennialreachofthereservoirwhichshowsgreatlydifferencewiththeresultspredictedinthelastcentury.A2D flowandsedimentmodelwasestablishedbasedonthenewcharacteristicsofhydrologyand sedimentcondition.Resultshowsthatthecalculatedsedimentationparametersareagreeswellwiththefielddata.ThenSedimentationdevelopmentafternext30yearsoperationofthereservoirwassimulatedthoughthenewmodelforunderstandingthedistributionandrulesofthedepositionintheTGR.

Keywords:ThreeGorgesReservoir;Sedimentdeposition;Numericalsimulation;Sedimentationprediction

SichenTong  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:81441849@qq.com

·881·

ChannelEvolutionoftheJianliReachintheMiddleYangtzeRiverUndergoingUpstreamandDownstreamBoundaryControls

FenfenLin,JunqiangXia,MeirongZhou,ShanshanDeng,YingzhenWang

WuhanUniversity

Abstract

RemarkablechannelevolutionoccurredintheJianlireachintheMiddleYangtzeRiverowingtothecombinedeffectsoftheupstreamoperationoftheThreeGorgesProject(TGP),andthedownstreamconfluenceoftheDongtingLake.Thefocushasbeenplacedonthevariationinbankfullchannelgeometry,withtheeffectsofboundaryconditionsbeinginvestigated.Calculatedresultsindicatethat:(1)channelgeometryadjustedmainlyinthecomponentofbankfulldepthundertheimpactsofvariousriverregulationworks,withanincreaseinreachscalebankfulldepthof0.95mfrom2002to2016;(2)thereachscalebankfulldimensionsrespondedwelltothecumulativeeffectsofboththealteredincomingflowsedimentregimebecauseofupstreamdamconstruction,andthelocalbaselevelvariationowingtothedownstreamconfluenceoftheDongtingLake,and(3)thesebankfullvariablescanbeexpressedbyanempiricalfunctionofthepreviousfiveyearaveragefluvialerosion intensityduringflood seasonsatJianli(upstream),andthecorrespondingdifferencebetweentheaveragewaterstagesatJianliandLianhuatang(downstream).

Keywords:Bankfullchannelgeometry;Fluvialerosionintensity;Localbaselevel;Sharplymeanderingreach

FenfenLin  WuhanUniversityEmail:fflin@whu.edu.cn

·981·

ApplicabilityofGPVSforMonitoringBedloadTransport

MiTian

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

ThechannelconditionsinthefluctuatingbackwaterareahavebeengreatlyimprovedwiththeimpoundmentoftheThreeGorgesReservoirupto175m.However,thereisstillsomelocalerosionanddepositionofbedmaterialindifferentdegreesinlocalarea.Tosolvetheproblemofobstructioncausedbyscouringandsiltingofgravel,thechannelmanagementandmaintenancedepartmentandscientificresearchunitshaveadoptedvariousmethodstoobservethebedloadtransport,dissatisfactoryresultswereobtained.

Theaim ofthispresentationistheintroductionofthepreparatoryworkfortheimplementationoftheGravelPressureandVoiceSynchronousobservationsystem(GPVS)allowingtheregistrationandrecordingofthebedloadtransportinrealtime.AspecialfocusisonthefeasibilityofGPVSinstalledinalaboratoryflumeforcalculatingbedloadtransportrate.ThereisalsoadiscussiontothepracticaluseoftheGPVStocharacterizethetransportedbedloadaccordingtoacousticenergyandmassinfield.

Keywords:GPVS;Bedloadtransport;Acoustics;Pressure;Realtimemonitoring;Flumetest;Fieldstudy

MiTian  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:tm0519@163.com

·091·

StudyontheCharacteristicsofRunoffandSedimentTransportinthePoyangLake

WentaoLei,ShimingYao,TonghuanLiu

ChangjiangRiverScientificResearchInstitute

Abstract

BasedonrunoffandsedimenttransportseriesdatafromtheeightrepresentativehydrologicstationsofHukou,Waizhou,Lijiadu,Meigang,Hushan,Dufengkeng,QiujinandWanjiabuaroundthePoyangLakeduring19562016,thecharacteristicsofrunoffandsedimenttransportprocessareanalyzedrespectively.TheresultsshowtherunoffvolumeinlettingfromthefiveriversandleakingtotheChangjiangRiverarebothgenerallystable,andtheinlettingsedimenttransportvolumedecreasedsignificantlyfrom1990s,especiallyfromtheGanjiangRiver.However,thehumanactivitiessomehowhaveeffectsonthechangeofinlettingandleakingsedimenttransportvolumeinthePoyangLake.

Keywords:PoyangLake;Runoff;Sedimenttransport;Humanactivities

WentaoLei  ChangjiangRiverScientificResearchInstituteEmail:leiwt86@163.com

·191·

ResearchonErosionDepthandChangeofWaterLevelinLowerReachofHydrojunction

WanliLiu

TianjinResearchInstituteofWaterTransportEngineering

Abstract

Theriverbedadjustmentoflongitudinalsection,riverwidth,bedmaterialcomposition,themaximumerosiondepthandfallingofwaterlevelinlowerreachofhydrojunctionwereanalyzed.Thekeyfactorswhichinitiatedfallingofwaterlevelwereputforward,anditsregularityweresummarized.Throughtheflumeexperimentsbyclearwater,theadjustmentoflongitudinalbedprofile,thesandwaveheight,thebedmaterialcompositionandthecoarselayerthicknessofriverbedwerestudied.Themechanismofriverbederosionandfallingofwaterlevelwasanalyzed.Thecharacteristicsofbedloadtransportratewereanalyzed.Accordingtotheresultsofflumeexperiment,thechanginglawofbedloadtransportratewasinvestigated,andtheformulaoftransportratewaspresented.Theerosiondepthofriverbedandthefallingofwaterlevelarepresented.TheestimatedformulaswereadoptedinlowerreachofDanjiangkouReservoir.Thecomputedresultswereinbetteragreementwiththefieldones.

Keywords:Lowerreachofhydrojunction;Riverbederosion;Fallingofwaterlevel;Flumeexperiment

WanliLiu  TianjinResearchInstituteofWaterTransportEngineeringEmail:tjtgliuwanli@163.com

·291·

书书书

InfluenceofIncomingSedimentConditionsonAlluvialRiverTypeConversion

WanliLiu

TianjinResearchInstituteofWaterTransportEngineering

Abstract

Basedontheanalysisofincomingsedimentandsedimenttransportcharacteristicsindifferentrivertypes,thispaperstudiestheinfluenceofincomingsedimentconditionsontherivertype.Thestudyresultsshowthatwhentheflowrateisconstant,thegreaterthesedimentconcentrationis,thelargertheparticlesizeisorthegreaterthesedimentationrateis,thegreatertheUJwillberequiredtobe,i.e.theriverisrequiredtobestraight,thegradientshouldbesteep,withsmallroughnesscoefficient,toform theaccumulativewanderingriver;thesmallerthesedimentconcentrationis,thefinertheparticlesizeisorthesmallerthesedimentationrateis,thesmallertheUJwillberequiredtobe,i.e.itisrequiredtoformacurvedriveroradivaricatingrivercharacterizedbygentgradientandsmallflowrate;andmeanwhile,asaresultofsplitflow,theflowrateofthedivaricatingriverisreducedandalsoitssedimentcarryingcapacityalsodecreases.Onthisbasis,theformationoftherivertypeisalsorelatedtotheboundaryconditionsandtheimpactofinterannualandannualchangesinincomingwaterandsedimentontheriverbed.Theconcretemanifestationisasfollows:ifthefloodssiltinganddryseasonscouringoftheriverbedmaketheheightdifferenceoftheswalegraduallyincrease,themainstreamwillberelativelystable,whichisconducivetothedevelopmentofacurvedriver;andifthefloodsscouringanddryseasonsiltingoftheriverbedmaketheheightdifferenceoftheswalebecomesmaller,themainstreamwillbeapttoswinganditisthemainreasonfortheformationofawanderingriver.Forthedivaricatingreach,thedivaricatingrivertypecanbemaintainedontheconditionthat:thereachbeforethedivaricatingissubjecttothefloodsscouringanddryseasonsilting,thebranchingreachissubjecttothefloodssiltinganddryseasonscouring,andonlywhenbothofthemachievetheequilibriumbetweenscouringanddepositionintimeandspacecanthebranchingkeependuring;however,whenthebranchingreachissubjecttothefloodsscouringanddryseasonsilting,leadingtoscouringanddeposition,thebranchingwilldecline.Inaddition,thehyperconcentrationsedimentfloodhasanextremelystrongshapingfunctionforthenarrowdeepcrosssection,andacurvedrivercanbeformedundercertainconditionsanditsstabilitycanbemaintained.Iftheoriginalcrosssectionisshallowandwide,itisaconditionformodelingawanderingriver.

Keywords:Incomingsedimentconditions;Rivertypeconversion;Alluvialriver

WanliLiu  TianjinResearchInstituteofWaterTransportEngineeringEmail:tjtgliuwanli@163.com

·391·

AnalysisoftheEffectofFlexibleReservoirOperationMethodontheWaterSupplyCapacityofHyperconcentrationRiver

LiyaoGong,XinhongWang,LuYang,HongyanSui

Xi’anUniversityofTechnology

Abstract

TheresourcesinthenorthwestareaofChina(nearthemiddlereachesofYellowRiverBasin)alwayshaveacontradictoryproblem.Mostreservoirsshouldkeepacertainwaterlevelforthelackofwaterresources,butthereservoirmusttoreducethewaterlevelregularlytodesilttoavoidthesedimentationbecausethesedimentconcentrationofthisareaismuchhigherthanothers.Throughalongterm investigation,itisfoundthatthesedimentationofhyperconcentrationinflowfloodisthemaincauseofreservoirsedimentation.Thehyperconcentrationinflowfloodisinfrequentandstochasticbecauseitjustappearsonceortwiceayear.Andithasobviousinfluenceonthereservoirsedimentationduringfloodseason.Onaccountofthecomplicatedcharacteristicsofwaterresourcesinthisarea,itisdifficulttotakeintoaccountbothwatersupplyanddesiltingthroughthetraditionalreservoiroperationmethodwhichwouldsetthedesiltingperiodatafixedtime.Inthispaper,aprojecthasbeendonetoanalyzetheeffectivenessofwatersupplybyaflexiblereservoiroperationmethodwhichconsideringthedesiltingcriticalcondition.ItestablishedaonedimensionalwatersedimentmathematicalmodelbyatwentysixyearsmeasureddatafromFengJiashanreservoirtoconfirmthatwhetherthewatersupplycanbeguaranteedatthesametime,asmuchaspossibletoimprovesedimentdeliveryefficiency.Accordingtothecomparativeanalysisoflongtermeffectivestoragecapacity,theaccumulatedaccumulationamountofthereservoirareaandthewatersupplycapacityofthereservoirfromthemathematicalmodelcalculation,theavailablewatersupplyreservoirincreasedatleast10% inthesamedepositionconditionsbyusingflexibledesiltingmethod.Therefore,theflexiblereservoiroperationmethodhasmoresuitabledesiltingperiodandhigherdesiltingefficiencytotacklehyperconcentrationinflowfloodproblem.Itisconducivetoimprovingwatersupplycapacityandlongtermsafetyofreservoirs.

Keywords:Reservoiroperationmethod;Hyperconcentration;Watersupply;Desiltingcriticalcondition

LiyaoGong  Xi’anUniversityofTechnologyEmail:gongliyao@126.com

·491·

ExperimentalandNumericalSimulationsofLocalScourAroundGroupsofPiles

YasserMoussa

Associateprofessor,collegeofEngineering,ZagazigUniversity,Egypt

Abstract

Groupsofpilesareusedtoenhanceminimizationandcontrollinglocalscourdeptharoundbridgesupports.Predictionofscouraroundthesepilesismorecomplexduetotheinteractionofvorticesaroundpilescomparedtosinglepiers.Fourarrangementsofpileswithdifferentspacesinlateralandlongitudinaldirections,underclearwaterconditionareinvestigatedtoobservethescourgenerationaroundbridgefoundation.Thetestedmodelsinclude,singlepile,1×2piles,2×1piles,and2×2pilegroups.Theexperimentalstudyiscarriedoutinarecirculatingrectangularopenchannelwithdimensionsof16.2mlong,65cmwidth,and66cmdepth.Inaddition,a3Dnumericalstudyusingcomputationalfluiddynamicmodel(SSIIM)isusedtosimulatethescourarounddifferentarrangementsofpilegroups.SSIIMflowmodelappliesthefinitevolumemethodtodiscretizetheNavierStokesequations.TheReynoldsstresstermiscalculatedbykεmodel.Theresultsofthepresentstudyshowsthat,thedifferentarrangementsofgroupsofpilesproducessmallerscourholescomparedtosinglepier.Thelocalscourdepthforthebestarrangementsofallgroupsofpiles,(i.e.2×1pilegroup)isreducedby30%.Finally,theresultsofnumericalmodelareverifiedwiththeexperimentaldata.Itisfoundthat,SSIIMnumericalmodelsimulateswellscourformingarounddifferentarrangementsofgroupsofpiles.

Keywords:Localscour;Hydraulicstructure;Groupofpiles;SSIIM

YasserMoussa  Associateprofessor,collegeofEngineering,ZagazigUniversity,EgyptEmail:yasser_eng1997@yahoo.com

·591·

SedimentTransportandMorphologicResponsestoDecreasedFlowsinanAlluvialDesertReachoftheYellowRiver,China

ZhijunWang1,WanquanTa2

1.LanzhouUniversityofTechnology2.NorthwestInstituteofEcoEnvironmentandResources,KeyLaboratoryof

DesertandDesertification,ChineseAcademyofSciences

Abstract

Inthisstudy,anessentialroleofbedmaterialloadoriginatingfromcoarseaeoliansandratherthanthatofwashloadoriginatingfromtributariesoftheLoessPlateauinthedevelopmentofchannelmorphologyinresponsetodecreasedflowsinthealluvialdesertreachoftheYellowRiverisoutlined.Ourresultsbymeansoffieldinvestigationandanalysisindicatethatthecoarsesediment(0.080.25mm)mainlycomposedofaeoliansands,althoughonlyasmallfractionof10% onaverage,areactiveinsuspensionasbedmaterialloadorinsaltationasbedload.Thetransportationofthesebedmaterialsfollowingtheoperationoftheupstreamlargereservoirstriggersandleadstothechannelaggradationandlateralmigrationinourstudyreach.Thecalculatedvalueofrivercompetenceindicatort(0.922.5)indicatesthatthestudychannelshouldbetransitionalchannelortransitionaltolabile.

Keywords:Aeoliansand;Bedmaterial;Fluvialsedimentation;Alluvialgeomorphology;YellowRiver

ZhijunWang  LanzhouUniversityofTechnologyEmail:wzj1159@163.com

·691·

PotentialEcologicalRiskofHeavyMetalsinRiverSedimentsatOneManganeseMineArea

inSouthChina

QingweiYang

RiveroceanEngineeringSchoolofChongqingJiaotongUniveisity

Abstract

Sedimentsinriversarethemainsinkforvariouscontaminatesincludingheavymetalsinaquaticenvironments,andthedistributionofmetalsinsedimentsmightprovideevidenceforhumanactivitiesandtheireffectsonecosystems,furthermore,metalssettledinsedimentsmayberesuspendedandcausesecondarycontaminationtothewaterenvironment.Forthesereasonsaresedimentscommonlychosenasenvironmentalindicatorsofthequalityandpotentialriskswithinaquaticsystems.AccumulationandpotentialecologicalriskevaluationofheavymetalsinsurfacesedimentsfromXiushanRiver,asthemostmajorfreshwaterriveratXiushanCountyofChina,werestudiedinthepresentstudyundertheinfluenceoflocalMnminingactivities.SurfacesedimentsweresampledfromfourteensitesalongXiushanRiverandMn,Pb,Cd,Cu,CrandZnweremeasuredbyusingatomicabsorptionspectrophotometer(AAS).HeavymetalecotoxicityandpotentialecologicalriskswereassessedviaSedimentQualityGuidelines(SQG)andHakansonpotentialecologicalriskindex(RI).Resultsshowedthatthesesixmetalsaveraged1854,64.9,3.43,125,57.3and121mg·kg1,respectively.Amongwhich,Pb,Cd,CuandCrweregreaterthanthresholdeffectlevel(TEL)fromSQGforalmostallsamplingsites,Pb,CdandCrexceededtheprobableeffectlevel(PEL)for7.1%,21.4% and21.4% ofsites,whileZnslightlyhigherorlowerthanTEL.ThepotentialecotoxicityofmetalswasCd>>Cu,Pb,Cr>Zn.AccordingtotheRI,sedimentsfromMeijiangRivershowed“high”or“veryhigh”ecologicalrisk,withCdasthemaincontributor,andtheecologicalrisksweremuchhigherinthemiddletodownstreamsites.BothSQGandRIrevealedaseriouslycombinedpollutionbyheavymetalsforsedimentsofMeijiangRiver,highlightingthateffectivemeasurementofpollutioncontrolandecologicalrestorationshouldbeconductedinthestudyarea.

Keywords:Sedimentheavymetals;Ecologicalrisk;Ecotoxicity;Sedimentqualityguidelines;Meijiangriver

QingweiYang  RiveroceanEngineeringSchoolofChongqingJiaotongUniveisityEmail:qwyang2001@163.com

·791·

CaseStudy:EffectsofNarrowingCrosssectionontheLowerYellowRiver

LiHe

InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS

Abstract

TheaimofrivermanagementintheLowerYellowRiverisachievinganonsiltationorevenscouredchannel.Basedononedimensionalhydraulicmodeforhyperconcentratedsedimentladenflow,thedetailedeffectsofchannelnarrowingonconcentrationdecreasingandchanneldepositionwasstudiedbyacasestudy.Simulationoftypicalhyperconcentratedfloodeventsoccurredin1977showedthat,narrowinginthebraidedreachhasmoreadvantageonchangingthelongitudinaldistributionofsedimentconcentration,andthedecreasingtrendofsedimentconcentrationsloweddownintheHYKGCReach,butacceleratedinGCLJReach.Forlongitudinalvariationofdeposition,narrowinginthebraidedreachmaybenefitthemeanderingreach,whilenarrowinginthetransitionreachmayonlybenefitthelocalreach.

Keywords:Narrowingcrosssections;Hyperconcentrated sedimentladen flow;Numericalsimulation;LowerYellowRiver

LiHe  InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CASEmail:heli@igsnrr.ac.cn

·891·

ExperimentalStudyonScouringCharacteristicsofCohesiveSoilofDistortedRiverBendsinthe

LowerYellowRiver

LinjuanXu

YellowRiverInstituteofHydraulicResearch

Abstract

Theerosionresistingcapacityofcohesivesoilisrelativelystrong,withitsmagnitudedeterminingtheerosionrateofcohesiveriverbank,anditiscombinedwithwaterflowtoinfluencetheformationofthedistortedriverbends.Inordertoresearchtheantiscourabilityofthecohesivesoilresistancetotheformationofthedistortedriverbendsformtheaspectsofsoilmechanicalproperties,aseriesoflaboratoryexperimentshavebeenconductedinaclosedrectangularflumefortheinvestigationofincipientconditionsandscouringcharacteristicsofthecohesivesoilsampledfromtheLowerYellowRiver.Firstly,thesoilsamplesweresampledinthetypicalsectionsoftheLowerYellowRiver,andaseriesofphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofthecohesivesoilwereobtainedthroughthelaboratorysoiltest.Secondly,accordingtothestartingandscouringexperimentofthecohesivesoil,theincipientshearstresswasgot,andthequantitativerelationshipwereobtainedbetweentheincipientshearstressanddrydensity,particlecohesionanddrydensity,aswellassoilerosionrateandtheincipientshearstress,whichaccountedfortheeffectsofvariousphysicalpropertiesontheincipientmotionofcohesivesoil,ascomparedwiththeresultsoftheothers.Theexperimentalresultscanreflecttheinfluenceonriverbedsoiltotheformationofthedistortedriverbends.Throughtheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweentheantiscourabilityandthestartingofthecohesivesoil,theinfluencemechanismoftheriverbedcohesivesoilontheevolutionprocessoftheoccurrence,developmentandextinctionofdistortedriverbendsisrevealed.

Keywords:Cohesivesoil;Antiscourability;Distortedriverbends;TheLowerYellowRiver

LinjuanXu  YellowRiverInstituteofHydraulicResearchEmail:282957173@qq.com

·991·

EvolutionMechanismandTrendForecastingofTidalRiverChannelsattheLowerReaches

oftheYangtzeRiver

JianjunWang

TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering

Abstract

Themanagementofseawardnavigationchannelsisadifficulttaskowingtocomplexwatersedimentconditionsandchannelevolutionintidalrivers,aswellasunstablewaterwayconditions.TheLuochengzhoureachislocatedatthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverwherethetidalboundaryfluctuates.Theriverpatternisaffectedbythesuperpositionofmultiplefactorsincludingbending,bifurcation,andbroadening.Thereisfrequentscouringandsiltingofthebattureinsidetheriverchannel,resultinginanunstablewaterwayandahighdegreeofnavigationobstruction.Furtherimprovementstothenaturaldepthofthewaterwayarelimited.Awaterwaymanagementprojectimplementedin20152017,withatargetdepthof12.5m,hassignificantlyimprovedtheconditionsofthenavigationchannel.However,theprojecthascausedseveresiltationissuesinnavigationchannelsoutsidethevicinityofthedredging.Ananalysisoftopographicalchangesbetween2006and2017revealsthatscouringoftheriverchannelintheupperreachesactsasthesourceofsandfortheleftmarginalbankoftheLuochengzhoureachandsiltationofthenavigationchannel.Duringyearswithheavyflooding,accretionoccursattheleftmarginalbankbutthereislesssiltationofthenavigationchannel.Inyearswithaverageprecipitationlevels,thereislessaccretionontheleftmarginalbank,butsiltationofthenavigationchannelbecomessignificant.Thecriticalflowratedemarcatingthedifferentscenariosis30,000m3/s.Atwodimensionaltidalcurrentsedimentmathematicalmodelwasestablishedtofurtherstudythechangingtrendofwaterwayconditions.Thecalculatedresultsshowacontinuedgradualsiltationoftheleftmarginalbank.Duringprolongedperiodswithaverageprecipitationlevels,itisdifficulttomitigatethesiltationsituationofthewaterwayintheshortterm.Thus,theproposalistoimplementdredgingprojects.Thisstudyprovidestheoreticalsupportfortheevolutionoftidalriverchannelsandtheproposalofmeasuresforimprovingandregulatingwaterways.

Keywords:Riverchannelevolution;Causeanalysis;Trendforecasting;Tidalriver;LowerreachesoftheYangtzRiver

JianjunWang  TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineeringEmail:wangjianjunb@126.com

·002·

TheCirculationandSaltStratificationovertheSouthBranchoftheYangtzeEstuary

LinjuanLi1,WeiZhang2,3,JinhaiZheng2,3,YanwenXu2,3

1.BureauofHydrology,YangtzeRiverWaterConservancyCommission2.CollegeofHarbor,CoastalandOffshoreEngineering,HohaiUniversity

3.StateKeyLaboratoryofHydrologyWaterResourcesandHydraulicEngineering,HohaiUniversity

Abstract

ThehydrodynamicsofChina’sYangtzeEstuaryisverycomplicated.Theobservedstudyinthe2005wetseasonandthe2009dryseasonindifferentchannelsshowedthatthetidalstrainingeffectisamajorforcingmechanismonsalinitystratificationandsubtidalcirculationoftheYangtzeEstuary.ThetidalstraininginducedcirculationwasfoundtobeequallyimportantastheclassicalgravitationalcirculationintheYangtzeEstuary.Thisplayedanimportantroleinmaintainingsemidiurnalperiodicsalinitystratificationintheregion.

Keywords:YangtzeEstuary;Tidalcurrents;Salinitystratification;Tidalstraining

LinjuanLi  BureauofHydrology,YangtzeRiverWaterConservancyCommissionEmail:lilj@cjh.com.cn

·102·

NewTendencyofSedimentLoadandDepositionintheThreeGorgesReservoirwith

theImpactofDams

JieLiu

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Althoughwaterdischargeactuallyhasdecreasedslightlybetween1956and2015,sedimentdischargethatpassingtheYichanghasfallenoffacliffafterthreereductionphases,thereductionin19892002wasmainlyresultofnumerousdamsconstructionaswellastheChangzhiprojectonJialingRiver;whilepostTGR(20032015),itwasmainlyresultedfromthetrappingoftheTGDandgiantcascadereservoirsoperationonJinshaRiver.SedimentsdepositionintheTGRismainlyhappenedintheperiodofthecofferdamstage,thenwiththenormaloperationofTGRsinceOct.2008,theretentionrateoftheTGDhasreachedto82.5%,themediumdiameterofsediment(D50)trappedintheTGRis<0.01mm,andshowsafinningpatternalongthebackwaterarea,sedimentationalongtheTGRpresentsaninconsecutivesheetdistribution,andmainlyfoundinbroadvalleysandcurvedchannelswhereflowvelocityissmallandisadvantageousforfinesedimentstoflocculateandsettledownbeforearriveregionnearbythedam.By2015,themostsedimenthasbeendepositedintheregionofQingxichangWanzhou;incontrast,nocumulativedepositionhasbeenobservedinnarrowgorgeswhereflowsareenergetic.AftertheoperationofXiangjiabaReservoir(2012)andXiluoduReservoir(2013)ontheJinshaRiver,sedimentscourhasappearedintheFluctuatingbackwaterareaoftheTGR,andsedimentoutflowfromTGRhasdecreasedto6.55Mt/yearin20142015,soerosionandriverbeddegradationaboveQingxichanganddownstreamTGRneedtobeconcernedinthefuture.

Keywords:Sedimentload;Humanactivities;ThreeGorgesReservoir;Sedimentsdeposition

JieLiu  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:595093255@qq.com

·202·

CalibrationofManning’sRoughnessCoefficientforTarimRiverFlowSimulationBased

onCCHE2DModel

YujianLi1,MustafaS.Altinakar2

1.CollegeofHydraulicandcivilengineeringofXinjiangAgriculturalUniversity,Urumqi2.NationalCenterforComputationalHydroscienceandEngineering,

UniversityofMississippi,Oxford,MS,38677,USA

Abstract

Usingthetopographydataandflowdatameasuredfromphysicalmodelastheinitialcondition,Manning’sroughnesscoefficientforTarimRiverflowsimulationiscalibratedusingCCHE2Dmodel.Theconsistencybetweenthesimulatedwatersurfaceandthemeasuredwatersurfaceiscompared,andtheManning’sroughnesscoefficientwhichmeetsminimumerrorisdetermined.ThecalibratedroughnesscoefficientusingCCHE2Disconsistentwiththecalculatedroughnesscoefficientfrom theManningformula.TheresultindicatesthatthemethodtocalibrateManning’sroughnesscoefficientusingCCHE2Disfeasibleandreliable.

Keywords:Manning’sroughnesscoefficient;Calibration;PhysicalModel;CCHE2D;TarimRiverflowsimulation

YujianLi  CollegeofHydraulicandcivilengineeringofXinjiangAgriculturalUniversity,UrumqiEmail:1760191908@qq.com

·302·

LocalScourDepthFormulaofMiddletolowWaterHeadDam

ZhihuiNi,JunWang

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Thestudyoflocalscourdepthunderthedamisofgreatsignificanceinthedesignandconstructionofhydropowerprojects,thesafetyofhydraulicstructures,etc.However,researchonthedepthofscourdeepunderthemiddletolowwaterheaddamwhichadoptsenergydissipationbyunderflowisstillless.Inthispaper,themaininfluencingfactorsoflocalscourdepthunderthemiddletolowwaterheaddamaredeterminedbyreferencetopreviousresearches,andanewformulaoflocalscourdepthunderthemiddletolowwaterheadisestablishedbasedonthemethodofdimensionalanalysis.Byfittingtheexperimentalscourdatabycombiningmultiplelinearregressionanalysiswithleastsquaremethod,thephysicalquantitiesofinfluencingfactorsinthenewderivationformulasaredetermined.Thenewformulaisverifiedbythetestdataofseveralmodeltests,andcomparedwiththeexistingformula.Thereliabilityanalysisofthenewformulaisalsocarriedout.Researchresultsshowthat:thenewformulaconsideredthemaininfluencingfactorsoflocalscourdepthunderthedam.Comparedwiththeexistingformulas,calculationresultsofnewformulaaremoreconsistentwiththemodeltestresultsandmoreaccurate.Thisformulacanprovidereferencesfortheestimationoflocalscourdepthunderthedaminthepracticalengineering.

Keywords:Formula;Localscourdepth;Middletolowwaterheaddam;Dimensionalanalysis;Reliabilityanalysis

ZhihuiNi  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:545045845@qq.com

·402·

StudyontheGravelBedloadTransportinChongqingMainUrbanReachafterthe

ImpoundmentoftheThreeGorgesReservoir

ChenggangYang,QuanxiXu,JinYuan,BingjiangDong

HydrologyBureauoftheYangtzeRiverWaterConservancyCommission

Abstract

StudyingthesedimenttransportlawintheThreeGorgesReservoirareaisofgreatsignificanceforreductionofchannelsiltationandoptimizationofreservoiroperation.Basedonthelongseriesofmeasureddataandthecalculationofthetwodimensionalmathematicalmodel,thestartingconditionsareproposed.Theresultsfindthattheupstreamflow,downstreamwaterlevel,andhumanactivityaretherootcausesofthechanges.Andthestartingconditionsareproposed:thewaterlevelinfrontofthedamlessthan157m,andtheupstreamflowgreaterthan6,800m3/s.

Keywords:ThreeGorgesReservoir;ChongqingreachoftheYangtzeRiver;Pebblebedload;Startingconditions

ChenggangYang  HydrologyBureauoftheYangtzeRiverWaterConservancyCommissionEmail:2474411087@qq.com

·502·

Developmentofa1DEmbankmentBreachingModel

WeimingWu,MengWang

ClarksonUniversity

Abstract

A1Dnumericalmodelhasbeendevelopedtosimulatedamandleveebreachingprocessesduetoovertoppingflows.Themodelsolvesthe1Dflow,sedimenttransportandbedchangeequationsusinganexplicitfinitevolumemethod.Itconsidersinteractionsamongtransientflow,strongsedimenttransportandrapidbedchangebyincludingbedchangeandvariableflowdensityintheflowcontinuityandmomentumequations.ThemodeladoptstheHLLapproximateRiemannsolvertohandlethemixedregimeflowsnearthebreachandthewettingdryingproblemefficiently.Itusesthenonequilibriumapproachfornoncohesivesedimenttransport.Itemploysalateralerosionalgorithmfornoncohesiveembankmentbreach,whichassumesthereposeangleforthebreachsideslope.Theheadandtailwaterconditionsaredeterminedusingthewaterbalanceequationforthereservoirorstoragebasin,orgivenasatimeseriesofwaterlevelsmeasuredorcalculatedbyanotherhydrodynamicmodel.Thedevelopedmodelhasbeentestedusinglaboratoryandfieldexperimentdata,predictingwellthebreachdimensionsandfloodcharacteristics.

Keywords:Dambreach;Numericalmodeling;Onedimensional;Noncohesivesediment

WeimingWu  ClarksonUniversityEmail:wwu@clarkson.edu

·602·

InvestigationofDrainagePumpOperationandItsInfluenceontheFlowinaReceivingStream

HaoZhang1,HikariBandou1,TakuFujiwara1,ShojiOkada2

1.KochiUniversity2.KochiNationalCollegeofTechnology

Abstract

Urbanfloodingisoneofthemostchallengingproblemsintheworld.Althoughalotofeffortshavebeenmadetoenhancethecapacityandefficiencyofseweragesystemsandcorrespondingreceivingstreamsinthepastseveraldecades,littleattentionhasbeenpaidtotheinteractionbetweenthetwosystems.Methodstointegrateseweragesystemsandreceivingstreamsprovidenewavenuesforthemitigationofurbanflooding.

Inthisresearch,bothfieldsurveysandnumericalsimulationswereconductedtoinvestigatethehydraulicsofthereceivingstreaminresponsetotheoperationsofadrainagepumpingstation.Inthefieldsurveys,thewaterlevelchangesweremonitoredinanurbanstreaminKochiPrefectureofJapanwhichreceiveddischargesfrom theseweragesystem throughadrainagepumpingstation.Therelationshipbetweenthewaterlevelsandtheoutletdischargesofthepumpwasanalyzed.Moreover,twodimensionalnumericalsimulationswerecarriedouttoinvestigatetheinfluencesofthepumpoperationsontheflowdynamicsinthereceivingstream.Researchresultsindicatedthatthepumpoperationsexerteddifferentinfluencesonthereceivingstreamflowsinitsupstreamanddownstream,andthatitwasimportanttoconsideraswellastooptimizethepumpoperationswhichalteredtheflowsinboththeseweragesystemandthereceivingstream.

Acknowledgements:ThisresearchisfundedbytheJSPSGrantsinAidforYoungScientists(A):IntegratedRainwaterManagementTechnologyforRiverandSewerSystemsandItsApplicationinDisastersTimeline(GrantNo.16H06100,PI:Dr.HaoZhang).

Keywords:Urbanflooding;Pumpoperation;Seweragesystem;ReceivingStream;Fieldsurvey;Numericalsimulatio

HaoZhang  KochiUniversityEmail:zhang@kochiu.ac.jp

·702·

GreatChangesonFloodControlofLowerYellowRiverandFutureProspects

HonghaiQi1,PuQi2,ZanyingSun2

1.JLTRe(NorthAmerica)Inc.2.YellowRiverInstituteofHydraulicResearch

Abstract

Damsandreservoirsrepresentthemostimportantinfluenceonthelandoceansedimentfluxesintheworld.Theyalterthecontinuityofsedimenttransportanddecreasethesupplyofsedimenttodownstreamreaches.Inrecentyears,thevariationsofflowandsedimentcausedbyharnessingtheupperandmiddlereachesoftheYellowRiverchangedthefloodcontrolsituationinthelowerreaches.Theamountoffloodandsedimententeringintothelowerreachhasbeengraduallyreducedsignificantly.Thevolumeofsedimentwhichistransportedtotheestuaryhasalsobeengreatlyreduced,soasthesiltationandextensionattherivermouth,thusitsimpactontheupperreachescanbeignored.AftertheoperationofXiaolangdiReservoir,strongscouringwascreatedonthedownstreamchannel,sotheflooddischargecapacityincreaseddramatically.Withtheembankmentsystem andproductiondikesalongtheYellowRiver,thecurrentdownstreamreachbecomesoneofthemostsecureriversintheworld.Byusingthemultiyearsedimentregulation,thecombinationsofflowandsedimententeringthelowerreachcanbeoptimized,andXiaolangdiReservoircanplayagreaterroleinthedownstream rivermanagement,whichwillinevitablyaffectthefutureprospectsofgoverningtheYellowRiverBasin.InordertopreventthesituationsduetoexcessiverivermanagementinNorthChina,whichcancausetheenvironmentoflowerreachesoftheYellowRivertodeteriorate,weshouldmaintainthehealthylifeoftheYellowRiver,andadjustthescaleofgovernanceprojectsontheupperandmiddlereaches.

Keywords:Scour;Siltation;Flood;Bankfulldischarge;XiaolangdiReservoir;YellowRiver

HonghaiQi  JLTRe(NorthAmerica)Inc.Email:qhh999@gmail.com

·802·

TheInfluenceofGateRemovalTimeonDamBreakFlowCharacteristics

YavuzOzeren,MustafaAltinakar

TheUniversityofMississippi

Abstract

Laboratoryexperimentsofidealizeddambreakflowareusuallymodeledbyremovingagaterapidly,byslidingitup,downorflappingitforward.Regardlessofthetypeofmechanismusedandthespeed,theremovalofthegatealwaysinvolvesafinitetimeduringwhichthemovementofthegateaffectsthewaterimpoundedbehindthegateandtheflow.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoexperimentallyinvestigatedambreakflowcharacteristicsatvariousgateremovalspeeds.TheexperimentswereconductedinadambreaktestbasinattheUSDAARSNationalSedimentationLaboratoryinOxford,MS,USA.Theexperimentalsetupconsistedofareservoirandadownstreamfloodplain,whichwereseparatedbyaslidinggate.Thegatewasactuatedbyaweightdropmechanismandthegatespeedwascontrolledbythedropheight.Highspeedcameraswereusedtomonitortheflowaroundthegateforeachtestcase.Thecameraswerepositionedoverthereservoir,overthedownstreamfloodplain,andonthesides.Thegatespeedwasmeasuredusingthevideorecordingsandtheflowpropertiesweremeasuredbycustomdevelopedimageanalysissoftware.Itwasobservedthatthevelocityprofilesneartheupstreamfaceofthegatewereslightlyalteredatveryhighgateremovalspeedsontheotherhandnolargescalerotationalstructureswereobservedinthereservoirduetohighgatespeeds.Futureworkshouldincludedetailedmeasurementoftheboundarylayerformationontheupstreamfaceofgate.

Keywords:Dambreakflow;Laboratoryexperiments;Gateremoval

YavuzOzeren  TheUniversityofMississippiEmail:yozeren@ncche.olemiss.edu

·902·

TheFloodControlCompensationOptimizationMethodofParallelReservoirs

XueshanAi1,YueZhi1,ZuoDong1,MingzhuMo1,FanGuo1,ZhiyunGao2,PanLiu1

1.WuhanUniversity2.HubeiUrbanConstructionVocationalandTechnologicalCollege

Abstract

Reservoirisanimportantengineeringmeasureforfloodcontrol.Theoptimalfloodcontroloperation,asakeynonengineeringmeasure,helpsthereservoirtofunctionmoreeffectivelyinfloodcontrolwithoutinvestinganextrafund.Whentheparallelreservoirsasawholeundertakethefloodcontroltaskofthedownstreamprotectionarea,thestudyofunifiedoptimaloperationmethodcanassistthereservoirgrouptoworkatitsfullcapacity.Thespecificprocessesareasfollows:firstly,determinethelevelofcompensationforeachreservoirbasedonitslocation,proportionofcontrollingtheresourcesoffloodandthefloodstoragecapacity.Generally,areservoirwithinadequatefloodcontrolcapacityisseemedcompensatedreservoir.Secondly,calculatethedischargeprocessofeachreservoirwiththeFlatHeadCuttingmethod,followedbyfloodroutingcalculationusingfloodcalculationformulasuchasMuskingummethodorso.Thirdly,judgewhethertheflowoffloodcontrolpointsexceedsthesafetyflowstandard,ifitdoesthenreadjustthedischargeprocessofthereservoirsstepbystepaccordingtothecompensationorderandthetimerequiredforthedischargedwaterreachthecontrolpointandtakingtheprincipleofminimizationofmaximumflowofcontrolpointastheguidance.ResultsstudiedinXijiangbasininsouthwestofChinashowthatthismethodcaneffectivelyreducethemaximumflowoffloodcontrolpoints,andcanmakefulluseoffloodcontrolcapacityofthereservoirs.

Keywords:Parallelreservoirs;Floodcontrol;Compensationoperation;TheFlatHeadCuttingmethod;Muskingum

XueshanAi  WuhanUniversityEmail:xsai@whu.edu.cn

·012·

DevelopmentofPriorityIndexforDeterminationofWarningStationinFloodForecasting

KwangSeokYoon,SooyoungKim

KoreaInstituteofCivilEngineeringandBuildingTechnology

Abstract

Inorderforflooddamagetominimize,the43stationsinthemainriversforfloodwarningweredesignatedbytheFloodControlOfficeinKorea.Recently,climatechangemakesrainfallspatialdistributioncomplexandflooddamagedareaincreasedandbecauseofthis,therequirementfortheexpansionofwarningstationisincreasing.Toaddthewarningstation,itisnecessarytodeterminetheorderofprioritywhichiscarriedoutbyquantitatively.However,thestationdesignationforfloodwarninghasbeendonebysemiempiricalmethod.Inthisstudy,theindexwhichiscapabletoquantifythedegreeofpotentialdamagesinthefloodproneareaconsideringtheimportantfactorssuchashydrologicalcharacteristics,theexistenceofimportantinfrastructure,etc.Todothis,thebasicconceptwasestablishedandthedevelopedtechniquewasappliedtotheNakdongRiverbasinonatrialbasis.Theresultofthestudywouldprovidereasonablemethodtoexpandthefloodwarningstationstotheupstreamareastoreduceflood.

Keywords:Floodforecast;Warningstation;Priorityindex;Potentialdamage;Hydrology;Rainfall;Floodcontrol

KwangSeokYoon  KoreaInstituteofCivilEngineeringandBuildingTechnologyEmail:ksyoon@kict.re.kr

·112·

ParallelProcessingofMultiScenarioFloodSimulationUsingCloudComputingService

SatoshiYamaguchi1,TakashiKusuda2

1.Hitachi,Ltd.2.HitachiPowerSolutionsCo.,Ltd.

Abstract

Weproposeafloodsimulationsystem usingcloudcomputingserviceinordertoshortencalculationtime.Weconductedexperimentstoanalyzeindependent76floodscenariosconcurrentlyusing12virtualmachines.Intheexperiments,thecalculationshortenedto1/10.Thespeedupeffectwasalmostproportionatetothenumberofvirtualmachines.

Floodhazardmap,whichillustratespossiblefloodedareasandfloodeddepths,iswidelyusedtomitigateflooddisaster.Forcomprehensiveanddetailedassessmentofpossiblefloodscenarios,floodsimulationmodelespecially,coupledonedimensional(1D)rivermodelandtwodimensionalinundationmodel(2D),iscommonlyused.IntypicalpracticalcaseinJapan,cellsizeof1Dmodelis250m,andthatof2Dmodelis25m×25morfiner.Typicalsimulationperiodis3daysormoreinordertoassessflooddurationtime.Thenumberofscenarioisdozenstohundreds.Theserequirementsmakethetotalcalculationtimeverylong.

Toshortenthecalculationtime,wehavebeenproposedtwomethods.First,weproposeddynamicdomaindefiningmethod(DynamicDDM),whichmakesareasaroundfloodareaautomaticallyincludedinthecalculationarea,andnonfloodedareasareautomaticallyexcludedfromcalculationareaduringthecalculation.Second,weproposedvectorizationbyCPUextensioninstructions(StreamingSIMDExtensions)andmulticoresimultaneousexecutionprocessingusingMicrosoftParallelPatternsLibrary.Inthisstudy,weproposethirdmethod—usingcloudcomputingservice.

Theproposedsystemconsistsofonevirtualmachine(VM)formanagement(Manager),12VMsforcalculation(Worker),andoneshareddisk.ItisdeployedtoMicrosoftAzure.TheManagerdistributestaskstoWorkers.ManagercontrolsWorkers’diskaccesssothatonlyoneWorkercanaccesstotheshareddiskatanymoment.ThenumberofCPUcoresperWorkeris16,andthetotalnumberofCPUcoresis192.WeusedoursimulationsoftwareDioVISTAFlood.Weuseddistributedrunoffmodeland1D/2Dcoupledmodel.

Wesimulated76scenariosoflargescaleflooddisasterinYodoRiverbasin,Japan.Its·212·

Basinareais4,392km2.Floodareaswererangedbetweento119to222km2(average150km2).Parametersoftherunoffmodel(saturatedhydraulicconductivityofthecapillary/noncapillarysoillayer,depthofcapillary/noncapillarythesoillayer,surfaceroughness)wereadjustedtorecentthreefloodevents.AssumedrainfallscenariowasthedoublestrengthofthelargestrecordedfloodeventcausedbyTyphoonManyi(2013).Weassumed75leveebreachscenarioand1overflowingscenario.Theanalysisperiodwas72hoursandthecellsizeof2Dmodelwas25m×25m.

Weanalyzed76scenariosontheproposedsystem.FourVMsoutofthe12VMsanalyzed7scenarios,and8VMsanalyzed6scenarios.Allresultswereobtainedafter47,660seconds(13hours)fromthestartofcalculation.Thetotalcalculationtimewas450,286seconds(5days5hours).Thatis,theresultwasoutputtedataspeed10.4timesashighasthatinthecaseofexecutingononePC.WerecalculateusinghalfoftheVMs(6VMs),andthecalculationperiodincreased1.9times.ItturnedoutthatthenumberofVMproportionallycontributedtoshorteningthecalculationperiod.

Theproposedsystemusingthecloudcomputingservicecontributedtoshorteningtheanalysistime.Theproposedmethodiseffectiveforsimultaneousexecutionofindependentscenarios.Simultaneousexecutionofindependentscenarios.

Theproposedsystemispromisingtoapplynotonlyforfloodhazardmapping,butalsoforensembledataassimilation.

Keywords:Cloudcomputingservice;Oupledonedimensionalrivermodelandtwodimensionalinundationmodel

SatoshiYamaguchi  Hitachi,Ltd.Email:satoshi.yamaguchi.vk@hitachi.com

·312·

BackwaterFloodingAnalysisintheTownAgva(NorthernTurkey)viaDifferentSettlementStrategies

AhmetNazimSahin,TaliaEkinTokyaySinha

MiddleEastTechnicalUniversity

Abstract

Agva(NorthernTurkey)isasmalltownwhichhaspopulationofabout2,500inwinterbuthostsaround15,000peopleinthesummer.TownislocatedattheconfluenceofGoksuandSungurlustreamsatYesilcayriverbasin.ThesestreamspourveryclosetoeachotherintotheBlackSea.Inthisstudy,thefloodroutingmodelapplicationsfortheGoksuandSungurlustreamsarestudiedinordertoidentifyriskareasanddecidethestrategiesforfloodpreventionandprotectionfortheTownAgva.Whenthefloodmodelrunsovereachstreamseparately,“backwaterflooding”effect,whichcausesariseinwatersurfaceelevationsontheotherstream,couldbeobserved.Therefore,theeffectofbackwaterfloodingonmaximumflowdepthsandvelocitiesisinvestigatedviadifferentsettlementstrategiesintheTownAgva.Backwaterfloodingcouldaffectthecapacityoffloodstorageandthedirectionoftheflowpath.

Keywords:Flood;Backwaterflooding;Agva;FLO2D

AhmetNazimSahin  MiddleEastTechnicalUniversityEmail:ahmetnazim@gmail.com

·412·

ModelingDikeBreachingintheChaoPhrayaRiverBasinUsingHighResolution

ElevationData(Lidar)

TheerapolCharoensuk,TichaLolupiman,SathitChantip,PiyamarnSisomphon

HydroandAgroinformaticsInstitute

Abstract

Thispaperdescribestheimprovementof2Dfloodmodelusinghighresolutionelevationdata(Lidar)toaccuratelysimulatethedikebreachimpact.The2DfloodmodelwasinitiallydevelopedasapartofthedecisionsupportsystemfortheChaoPhrayaRiverBasinafterthemajorfloodingin2011.The2011floodwassignificantlyaffectedtheeconomyofthecountry.TheWorldBankhasestimated1,425trillionBahtineconomicdamagesandlossesduetofloodingandrankedastheworld’sfourthcostliestdisaster.Thereforetherewasastrongneedtodevelopanaccuratefloodmodelanddecisionsupportsystemtoprovidesufficientinformationandguidancetothedecisionmakerstoreducethelosses.Asthedikebreachwasoneofamajorreasonthatmadethe2011floodoutofcontrolthe2Dfloodmodelwasdevelopedtocoverthelowlandareaofabout16,643km2intheChaoPhrayaRiverBasintosimulatethisimpact.Usingthe30mresamplingfromoriginalDEMdataof30mandLidar10mhaveshowntheabilitytosimulatetheinundationinmostoftheflatareabuttheaccuracyforhighdetailareassuchasdikeorroadembankmentarestillquitepoor.Withtoday’stechnologythemodelcomputationtechnicsandcomputerhardwaredevelopmenthaveledtoanewevolutionofthecomputation.Itisnowbecomepossibletorunhighresolutionmodelwithinareasonabletime.ThehigherresolutionLidardatawithresolutionsof1and2mandDEMof5mhavebeenmergedandresamplingto30mintheimproved2Dfloodmodel.Itisfoundthatthenewresamplingelevationdatapavesasignificantroleinoptimizing2Dmeshandthismakesitpossibletoresolvecomplicatedandhighdetailflatareasuchastheinundationbetweenfirstandsecondarydike.Apartfromtheimprovedabilitytosimulatetheinundationanddikebreachesmoreaccurately,theoptimized2Dmeshalsohelpstoreducethecomputingtimeofabout36%.

Keywords:Dikebreaching;2Dfloodmodel;Highresolution;Lidar

TheerapolCharoensuk  HydroandAgroinformaticsInstituteEmail:theerapol.c@haii.or.th

·512·

TheBoscastleFloodof16August2004:CauseAnalysisandCorrespondingEngineering

DefenceStructures

ZihangZhang,YanmeiYang

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

FlashfloodsalmostoccurredannuallyinsouthwestpeninsulaofEngland.Flashfloodsoftencausehugedamagestohumanlivesandproperties.On16August2004thecoastalvillageofBoscastleinnorthCornwall,southwestEnglandwasdevastatedbyoneofthemostsevereflashfloodeventsamongUKhistory.Aseriesoftorrentialrainstormsdepositedover200mmofrainfallwithin4hoursintothesmallrockycatchmentresulteda400yearreturnperiodfloodevent,over70propertieswerefloodedandseveraldestroyed,7080carsweresweptthroughthevillage,1,000residentsaffected,cost£2millioninfrastructuredamage.Thisarticleanalysesbothhydrologicalandmeteorologicalconditionsleadingtothistypicalevent.Itisconcludedthataseriesofhydrometeorologicalfactorssuchasrainstorm,quasistationaryconvergenceline,intenseconvectiverainfall,decreaseofsoilmoisturedeficit,flashylandsurface,steephillsideandsmallbasincausedthisdisaster.Topreventasimilardisasterfromhappeningagain,theEnvironmentalAgencyhasconductedaseriesoffloodcontrolsolutionssoonafterthisfloodevent.Itisconcludedthatwideninganddeepeningofwaterways,installingundergroundpipes,raisinggroundlevel,installingfloodculvertsandembankmentprotectionareeffectivehydraulicfloodcontrolsolutions.

Keywords:Boscastle;Flashflood;Causeanalysis;Defencestructures

ZihangZhang  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:1513018116@qq.com

·612·

FloodDisastersandFloodWarninginUrbanAreasofUkraine:LearnedLessonsandNewNeeds

ViacheslavManukalo

HeadofSection

Abstract

1.IntroductionRiverfloodsarethemostwidespreadanddangerousnaturalphenomenaintheUkrainian

urbanareas.Alotofcities,especiallythoselocatedintheregionofCarpathiansmountains,aresufferedfrommainfourtypesoffloods:regionalfloods(associatedwithlargeormesoscaleweatherpatterns);springtimefloods(causedbythecombinationofmeltingsnowandprecipitation);icefloods(linkedtoicephenomenaonrivers);flashfloods(causedbyconvectiveprecipitation).AnnuallyriverinundationscausedamagetothenationaleconomyestimatedtobeequaltotensofmillionsofUSAdollars.Thecostofinundationssometimesincludesthelossofhumanlife.Thefrequencyandintensityoffloodsaswellasthemagnitudeofdamagecaused,haveincreasedinmanyregionsduringthepastdecades.Researcheshaveshowntheclimatechangeandtheirrationaleconomicactivitiesinriverbasinsarethemajorreasonsofincreasingthefrequencyandintensityoffloods.Takingintoaccountthefactthatriverfloodsaffectlargeurbanareaswithintenseeconomicaldevelopmentandhighdensityofpopulation,thedevelopmentoffloodmanagementisoneofthemosturgenttaskoftheUkrainianwaterrelatedpolicy.Thepresentstate,problemsandnewchallengesinthedevelopmentofdifferentaspectsoffloodmanagementonnational,localandinternationallevelsareconsideredinthepaper.2.MethodandmatherialsThestudyisbasedon:(1)thelongtermexperienceofauthor’sworkastheDeputyDirectoroftheStateHydrometeorologicalServiceofUkraine;(2)theStrategyofdevelopmentofhydrometeorologicalactivityinUkrainetill2020(theauthorwasamongdevelopersoftheStrategy);(3)thestudyofeffectivenessofexistingfloodwarningsystem;(4)newtechnologicalachievementswhichareusedinhydrometeorology.3.ResultsandDiscussionThefollowingissuesareconsideredinthepaperindetails:

particularitiesoffloodrunoffformationinurbanareaslocatedindifferentnaturalzonesofUkraine,including,theimpactofpresentandexpectedclimatechangesonthefrequencyandintensityoffloods;

·712·

theassessmentofsocioeconomicvulnerabilities(hazardtohumanlifeandhealth;alossofcity’slands;ashortageofwatersupplyfordifferentcity’sneeds;adestructionofcity’sinfrastructure,aenvironmentalpollution)inmajorurbanareasofthecountrytoanimpactoffloodhazards;

thenationallegislationwhichdetermineswaterrelatedpolicy,including,floodmanagementandprotection;

theinstitutionalbackgroundoffloodmanagement,including,thedistributionofresponsibilitybetweencentralandlocalauthoritiesintheareaofpredisaster(riskanalysis,publicawareness,educationandtraining,regulatorymeasures,spatialplanning,predictionandwarning,evacuationandsheltering)andpastdisaster(emergencyoperation,recoveryandreconstruction)activities;

usingofstructuralandnonstructuralmeasurestofloodcontrolinurbanareas; theinternationalcooperationofUkraineintheareaoffloodmanagementon

transboundaryrivers;majorlimitationsandproblemsinthelegal,institutional,financial,technologicaland

scientificsupportthefloodmanagementactivities;newneedsinthefloodmanagementincontextofintroducinginUkrainetheconceptof

theIntegrateFloodManagementandprinciplesoftheEuropeanwaterrelatedlegislation,normandstandards—WaterFrameworkDirective,FloodDirectiveandsoon;

activitiesundertakenbycentralandlocalauthorities,scientificcommunitytomeetnewchallenges.

ThespecialattentionisgiventothedevelopmentoftheIntegratedHydrometeorologicalInformationSystem(IHMIS)astheinformationbasisoffloodmanagementandprotectionpolicy.IHMISwasdevelopedbytheUkrainianHydrometeorologicalInstituteintheframeoftheNationalProgram ofProtectionfrom TechnogenicandNaturalEmergencies.TheexistingconceptionofseparatedevelopmentofeachcomponentofIHMISwasreconsidered,andthenewintegratedapproach“Fromsensorstodecisionmaking”wasproposed.Thisapproachisbasedonusingmoderninformationtechnologieswhichweredevelopedintheareasofhydrometeorologyandcivilprotection.Thesuccessfulsolutionofthisissuewillhelpdisastermanagementauthoritiestoidentifythefloodhazardrisklevelandtoindicatethebestprotectionmeasuresonthebasisofcontinuousmonitoringandforecastsofevolutionofhydrologicalconditionsintheriverbasin.ThetechnologicalandorganizationalcomponentsaswellastheexperienceofIHMISpracticaloperationisconsideredinthepaperindetails.ThemethodologicalandtechnologicalprincipleswhcichwereusedintheIHMISdevelopmentareusedasthebasisfortheNationalMultiHazardswarningandManagementSystemthatiscurrentlybeingcreatedinUkraine.

Keywords:Urbanareas;Flooddsasters;Floodwarning

ViacheslavManukalo  HeadofSectionEmail:manukalo@ukr.net

·812·

FloodForecastingModelforKelantanRiverBasin,MalaysiaUsingIFASandGetflows

FaizahCheRos1,AminahShakirahJaafar1,2

1.MalaysiaJapanInternationalInstituteofTechnology2.UniversitiTenagaNasional

Abstract

Theeffectivenessofrealtimefloodforecastingsystemsinreducingflooddamagewoulddependuponhowaccuratelytheestimationoffuturestagesorflowofincomingfloodanditstimesequenceatselectedpointsalongtherivercouldbepredicted.Warningoftheapproachingfloodsprovidessufficienttimeforauthoritiestoevacuatetheaffectedpeopletoasaferplaceandtomakeintensepatrollingoffloodprotectionworkssuchasembankments.TheKelantanriverbasin,locatedinthenortheastofPeninsularMalaysiaisoneofthebiggestwatershedsinMalaysiaspreadingover12,000km2,andhasbeendamagedseriouslybymonsoonfloods/inundationsinmanyplacesalongtheriveranditstributariesinmidstreamtodownstreamareas.Thusconstructingareliablesystemforearlywarningandevacuation,aswellasmakingcountermeasuresforreducingthemagnitudeofdamages,iscrucialrequirementhere.Basicallytherearetwotypesoffloodmodellingdevelopedinthisstudy;inundationmodellingandwholewatershedmodelling.Ininundationmodelling,flowofrunoffpredictionusingIntegratedFloodAnalysisSystem(IFAS)startingwiththeobservedrainfallanddischargeandsettingandtuningofPWRIdistributedparameterforrainfallrunoffmodel.IFASthenwillsimulatetherainfallrunoffsimulationusingprojectedprecipitation.IFASwillexecuteonthehydrologicalpartandriveranalysisfromthedatafeedfromINFOBANJIRtoconverttherainfallintorunoff.TheIFASrunoffoutputwillbetheinputintoGeneralPurposeTerrestrialFluidFlowSimulator(GETFLOWS)modelfortheinundationanalysis.Thetimeforcalculationisupto6hoursaheadbyGETFLOWSiswithin10min/site.Includinggraphicprocessing,theresultswillbecomeavailablewithinaround15min.Whereasinwholewatershedmodelling,GETFLOWSisusedtogeneraterunoffoutput(longercalculationtimecomparedtoIFAS).Thetimecalculationisupto6hours.Includinggraphicprocessing,theresultswillbeavailablewithinaround25minutes.

Keywords:Flood;1DModelling;2DModelling

FaizahCheRos  MalaysiaJapanInternationalInstituteofTechnologyEmail:crfaizah@utm.my

·912·

StudyonOptimalResolutionEstimationofDistributedRainfallRunoffModel

forFloodForecast

SooyoungKim,KwangSeokYoon

KoreaInstituteofCivilEngineeringandBuildingTechnology

Abstract

ThefloodforecastinginKoreahasbeencarriedoutbyapplicationoflumpedmodelwhichiscomposedofrainfallrunoff,channelandreservoirroutingmodel.Ithasknownwidelythatthelumpedmodelhaslimitsinconsideringthespatialdistributionofsubbasinpropertiesaswellasrainfall.Whereasthelumpedmodelbasedonempiricalparametershasadvantagesthatitissimpletosimulateandtoeffectiveintimerelatively,itdoesnotconsiderthecomplexrainfallandrunoffcomponent.Toovercomethelimitationsasmentionedabove,manyresearchershavestudiedtodeveloptherunoffmodelbasedonthedistributedhydrologicrepresentation.Inparticular,thelumpedmodeliswidelyusedforfloodforecastingandwarningsystemduetoadvantagesasmentionedabove.Advancesinrainfallobservationtoolsuchasradar,remotesensingsatellite,etc.Makingfulluseofthehighresolutionrainfalldataandcomputertechnologydevelopmentmakeitavailableinthefieldoffloodforecasting.GRMisoneofthedistributedrainfallrunoffmodelwhichwasdevelopedtosimulatetherunoffconsideringthetopographicalandmeteorologicalpropertiesinKorea.ThepurposeofthestudyistoinvestigatetheapplicabilityofGRMtothefieldoffloodforecasting.Inaddition,theoptimizedresolutionwastestedforfloodforecasting.Asaresultofstudy,theoptimizedresolutionissuggestedforthedevelopmentofdistributedrainfallrunoffmodel.

Keywords:Floodforecast;Distributedmodel;GRM;Optimalresolution;ForecastingandWarningSystem;Radar;Runoff

SooyoungKim  KoreaInstituteofCivilEngineeringandBuildingTechnologyEmail:sooyoungkim@kict.re.kr

·022·

NumericalInvestigationoftheImpactForceonStructuresduetoDamBreakFlow

Usinga2DModel

ZhehaoYang1,2,GangfengWu2,KefengZhang2

1.ZhejiangUniversity2.NingboInstituteofTechnology,ZhejiangUniversity

Abstract

Dambreakeventsmayposeathreattobuildingsandinfrastructureslocatedinproneareas.Therefore,anaccuratesimulationofthehydrodynamicforceonstructuresisimportantforpotentialdamageevaluation.Thispaperinvestigatesthecapabilityofa2Ddepthaveragedmodeltoestimatethehydrodynamicforceexertedbyadambreakwaveonobstacles.Forthispurpose,a2Dfinitevolumemodelbasedoncentralupwindschemeisadoptedtopredicttheloadhydrographintwoidealizeddambreakflow experiments.Thecomparisonbetweennumericalresultsandexperimentaldatashowsthe2Dmodelcannotreproducethewholeloadhydrographaccurately.However,thepeakload,themostimportantparameterfordesigningstructureslocatedinareaswithahighriskofdambreakfloodhazards,iswellpredictedbythepresentmodel,whichdemonstratesthe2Dmodelcanbeusedinpracticalapplications.Asensitivityanalysisonthemodelparametersisconductedtoevaluatemodeluncertainty.Finally,thevalidated2Dmodelisemployedtoexaminetheinfluenceofthestructure’sgeometryonthepeakhydrodynamicloadsexertedonit.

Keywords:Dambreakflow;Hydrodynamicload;Centralupwindscheme;2Ddepthaveragedmodel

ZhehaoYang  ZhejiangUniversityEmail:yzh_jier@163.com

·122·

AnalysisoftheImpactofRainfallonUrbanFloodingandFloodDamageunder

DifferentLandUseTypes

JinyunDeng,CongcongLiu,YuanfangChai,XinCui,ChenyuMa

StateKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringScience,WuhanUniversity

Abstract

Flooddisastersinurbanareashavebeenhappeningmuchmorefrequentlythananytimeinthepastbecauseofclimatechangeandtherapiddevelopmentofcities,whichhaveatremendousimpactontheonpeople’slives,propertyandsecurity.Inthispaper,thesurfaceflowandtheactualundergroundpipenetworkareconsideredandtheMikeFloodcouplingmodelisadoptedtosimulateurbanstormwaterbasedontherecurringperiodofrainfallwith5a,20a,50aand100a,andthenthespatialanalysisfunctionofArcGISisalsoappliedtoanalyzethedisasterdamagedareasandlossesofdifferentlandusetypesinthecity.Thefindingsareasfollows:thetotalaffectedareasandthetotallossesaremainlycomposedbyagriculturalland,trafficlandandtrafficland,industriallandrespectivelyinthecentralopticalvalley,bothwhicharetoolarge;withtheincreaseofthedesignedrecurringperiodofrainstorm,thedepth,distributionrangeanddisasterlossesofsubmergenceinthiscityarerisingandtheaffectedareasandlossesoftrafficlandshowthemostobviousgrowth:thedisasterdamagedareaslossescausedbytherecurringperiodofrainfallwith20a,50aand100aincreaseby34.34%,54.45%,71.58%and4112%,6314%,8215% respectivelycomparedwiththerecurringperiodof5a.Rainstormandflooddisasterareanalyzedinthestudy,whichcanprovideasignificantscientificsupportforurbanplanning,floodcontrolanddisasterreduction.

Keywords:Flooddisasters;Undergroundpipenetwork;Recurringperiod;ArcGIS;Differentlandusetypes

JinyunDeng  StateKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringScience,WuhanUniversityEmail:dengjinyun@whu.edu.cn

·222·

HydrologicalModelingoftheKaushalyaDamWatershed(INDIA)UsingGIS&SWAT

BaldevSetia,ChoudharyKhushbu

NitKurukshetra

Abstract

Duringtherecentyearsquantifyingtheimpactsoflandusechangeandlandcoverpracticeshasbeenanareaofinterestforthehydrologistsasthisinformationisofgreatimportancefordevelopingbetterwatershedmanagementinterventions.Thedegreeandtypeoflandcoverinfluencestherateofrunoff,infiltrationandtotalsedimentloadtransportedfromawatershed.InthepresentstudythehydrologyofKaushalyaDamwatershedlocatedinKaushalyaRiverbasininPanchkuladistrictofHaryanahasbeenmodeledusingtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT).ThedamhasbeenconstructedtocreateareservoirtoprovidefreshwatertothecityofPanchkulainthestateofHaryana.ThestudyhasbeennecessitatedforthepurposeofestimatingthevolumeinflowtotheKaushalyadamlocatedattheoutletofthewatershedinordertodevelopanefficientdecisionframeworktofacilitate,planandassessthemanagementofthisimportantreservoir.TheArcGIS(version10.2.2)softwarewasusedtodelineatethestudyareaanditssubcomponents,tocombinethedatalayersandtoeditthemodeldatabase.TheGISbasedmorphometricanalysishasrevealedtheKaushalayabasintobeofdendriticnatureindicatinglackofstructuralcontrol.Bifurcationratio,lengthratioandstreamorderofthebasinindicatedthatKaushalayriverbasinisafifthorderbasinwithdendritictypeofdrainagepattern.Furtherdrainagedensityandtextureratio,showedthatthebasinhasamoderatetextureandisnearlyelongated.Theresultsofthestudyindicatedthatduringtherecentpastthelandusepatternshavechangedresultinginincreaseinbarrenandbuilduplandandadecreaseinforestcover,leadingtoincreaseinrunoff.Themodelwascalibratedandvalidatedwithavailabledatafromtheyear1998to2017.ThewaterbalancecomponentswerecorrectlyestimatedandtheinflowintheKaushalyaDamwassuccessfullycomputed.

Keywords:DEM;GIS;Morphometericanalysis;LU/LCchange;SWATmodel

BaldevSetia  NitKurukshetraEmail:setia@nitkkr.ac.in

·322·

SpatialDistributionofFisharoundtheFishboneTypeDividingDikeinDongliuWaterway,DownstreamofYangtzeRiver

TingjieHuang1,2,YongjunLu1,YanLu1,HuaixiangLiu1,YiLiu1,2

1.NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute2.HohaiUniversity

Abstract

DuringSeptember2016andAugustof2017,thespatialdistributionoffisharoundthefishbonetypedividingdikeinDongliuWaterway,downstreamofYangtzeRiverwereobtainedbymobileacousticsurveys,usingaBioSonicsDTXScientificEhosounder(208kHz)withatransducerbeambeamingleveldown30°.Thefishbonetypedividingdikeismadeupofaridgeandtwogroinswhichwith100longgroinheadintherightsideismadeupoftriangulartaperpenetratingframe,andtherestofthefishbonetypedividingdikeisformedbystones.Fishdistributednothomogeneously,beingassemblednearthegroinwithtriangulartaperpenetratingframebutrareneargroinmadeupofstones.134targetsweredetectedduringthesurveyperiod(droughtseason64andfloodseason69).Targetnumbernearthegroinwithtriangulartaperpenetratingframewereabout5timesofthoseneargroinmadeupofstones.Fishdensitiesintheresearchareawere(0.913.9)×102ind./m2.Indroughtseason,meanfishlengthwas9.92±11.47cm,whichis4.25±4.85cminfloodseason.Moreover,theproportionoffisheswithbodylengthsmallerthan10cmwashigherthanotherlengthgroup,accountingfor64.6% and942% intwosurveyrespect.Therefore,groinwithtriangulartaperpenetratingframeismoreenvironmental,whichprovidenewideasintheconstructionofgoldenwaterwayofYangtzeRiver.

Keywords:Dongliu Waterway; Hydroacoustics; Fish distribution; Channelregulation;Triangulartaperpenetratin

TingjieHuang  NanjingHydraulicResearchInstituteEmail:tjhuang@nhri.cn

·422·

StudyonOptimizedOpeningModeforWaterReleaseSluiceofYakouNavigationHydrojunction

JuntaoLi

TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineering

Abstract

Basedontheoverallhydraulicmodel,theinfluencesofdifferentopeningmodesofwaterreleasesluiceinYakouNavigationHydrojunctiononthenavigationflowconditionattheentranceoflockapproachchannel,thewaterheadforpowergeneration,andthestabilityofenergydissipaterbelowdamarestudied.Theresultsshowthat,asforthehydrojunctionprojectinwhichtheshiplockisdesignedtobeadjacenttothepowerstationinthesamebankside,theinfluenceofdifferentopeningmodesonthenavigationflowconditionattheentranceoflockapproachchannelandthewaterheadforpowergenerationisnotobviouswhenthedischargeofwaterreleasesluiceissmall.Inaddition,openingthesluiceholeinthemiddleisbeneficialtothestabilityofenergydissipaterbelowdamunderthiscondition.Whenthedischargeofthesluiceislarge,abetternavigationflowconditionandgreaterwaterheadforpowergenerationcanbeobtainedbyopeningthesluiceholefarawayfromthepowerstation.Finally,basedontheaboveresearchachievements,theoptimalopeningmodeofwaterreleasesluiceunderdifferentthereservoirinflowisdetermined.

Keywords:Junction;Releasesluice;Openingmode

JuntaoLi  TianjinResearchInstituteforWaterTransportEngineeringEmail:lijuntao2005@163.com

·522·

ADevelopingRealtimeSafetyInformationModelforLargescaleUndergroundCavernGroup

AnkuiHu1,2

1.XihuaUniversity2.KeyLaboratoryofFluidandPowerMachinery,XihuaUniversity,MinistryofEducation

Abstract

Safetyaccidentsoccurfrequentlyinlargeundergroundcaverngroupconstructionduetoambiguousgeologicalconditions,excavationconstructionanditsowncomplexstructure,andthesignificanceoftherealtimedynamicfeedbackandcontrolforrockstabilityanalysisareparticularlyhighlighted.

Inthispaper,anew safetyinformationmodel,termedthe4D interactivesafetyassessment,isdescribedwhichoffersanimprovement.Withthecyclicprocessof“testoftheresultoffeedbackanalysisintheearlierstage,dynamicinversionanalysisofmechanicalparameters,predictionofmechanicalbehaviorofsurroundingrockoftunnelexcavation”,thevalidmappingrelationbetween4Dvisualizationintegratedengineeringmodelandthedynamicdataofconstructionprocessisbuilt,whichisunderthesupportofvisualizationtechnique,safetymonitoringanalysis,parametricinversiontheory,numericalsimulationtechnologyandtheprogrammingtechniqueofC#.Net.

Accordingly,therealtimesafetyinformationmodelisnotonlypowerfulinforecastingthecompletionprobabilityoftheconstructionoflargeundergroundcaverngroupwithrepetitivetasks,butalsocouldconsiderthetimevaryinguncertaintyofinputscausedbyconstructionprocessvariabilities.Withrealtimesafetystatusvisualized,itcandetectsafetyrisksbeforeandduringtheconstructionprocessandthenprovidepreventivemeasures.Therefore,timelydecisionscanbemadetoavoidaccidents.

Thiscontributestothesuccessofsafetymanagementintheundergroundconstructionindustry.

Keywords:Realtinesafetyinformationmodel;Largescaleundergroundcaverngroup

AnkuiHu  XihuaUniversityEmail:stephen5842@163.com

·622·

ComprehensiveAnalysisfortheInfluenceFactorsonHydraulicCharacteristicofSpillwayTunnelwith

SuddenLateralEnlargementandVerticalDropForm

jiaDong,JianpingZhao,GenhuaYan

NHRI

Abstract

Accordingtothemodeltestresultsanddataforthespillwaytunnelwithsuddenlateralenlargementandverticaldropform,fromtheperspectivesofthehydrauliccharacteristicswithatmosphericconditionandcavitationbubbleandcavitationnoisewithpressurereductioncondition,thefactorsaffectingtheaerationandflowpatternofthecurrentattheoutletofthetunnelareanalyzedcomprehensivelyandtenfactorscomedownto:operatinglevel,openingofgatetoppressuresloperatiobeforetheoutletorbetweentheemergencygateandworkinggate,thelateraldeflectoronthesidewallbeforetheoutlet,smallflipbucketonthebottomwallbeforetheoutlet,scaleofsuddenenlargementoftheoutletdownstream,scaleofdropsilloftheoutletdownstream,thesizeoftheventhole/thesloperatioandlengthofthebottomwallontheopenchannelaftertheoutlet,spreadangleofthesidewallofopenchannel.Accordingtothecorrespondingmodeltestresultsandrelativedatafromthereferences,thepaperdiscussestheinfluenceofthefactorsseparatelyonthepatternofbottomcavityandlateralcavity,waterwingpatternandtheeffectoftheanticavitationaeration,andtherelationshipbetweenthefactorsandhydrauliccharacteristicofjetattheoutlet.

Keywords:Suddenlateralenlargementandverticaldropform;Hydrauliccharacteristic;Aeration;Modeltestresults

JiaDong  NHRIEmail:tian.e.hu@163.com

·722·

EffectsofDataRecordLengthonParameterEstimationandModelPerformance

inHydrologicalModeling

MinjiaoLu,ZinThandarTun

NagaokaUniversityofTechnology

Abstract

Theeffectsofdatarecordlengthisawellknownprobleminhydrologicalmodeling.Moreorless,theyhavebeentakenintoaccountqualitativelybyexperiencedexperts.However,thequantitativeunderstandingaboutthemisnotenough.Thisstudytriestoquantifythembyusingarainfallrunoffmodel.Inthisstudy,manysubsetsaremadefromalonghydrologicaldatasetincludinghourlyrainfall,potentialevaporationandflowratefrom1978to2005.Modelparametervaluesandmodelperformancederivedfrom thesesubsetsarediscussed.Theirquantitativerelationshipwithinformativenesscriteriaincludingrecordlengthisproposed.

Keywords:Hydrologicalmodeling; Data record length; Parameterestimation; Modelperformance,Informativeness

MinjiaoLu  NagaokaUniversityofTechnologyEmail:lu@nagaokaut.ac.jp

·822·

Enhanced2DCEQUALW2HydrodynamicsandWaterQualityModelsandItsApplicationsinSupportofNutrientPollutionAssessment

ZhonglongZhang

ERDCEL

Abstract

CEQUALW2(W2)isatwodimensionallongitudinal/verticalhydrodynamicandwaterqualitymodelforrivers,lakes,reservoirs.TheW2modelhasbeeninuseforthelastcoupleofdecadesasatooltoevaluatedirectandindirecteffectsfrom variousstressorsincludingflow,temperature,nutrients,andorganicwastesinwaterbodies.However,thecurrentW2modeldoesnotcontainallofthestateoftheartcapabilitiesavailabletodayinthefieldofwaterqualitymodeling.U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineershasupgradedtheW2modeltoVersion3.8basedonthelimitationsidentifiedduringwideapplications.Thenewfeaturesincludedirectlysimulatingorganiccarbon,organicnitrogen,andorganicphosphorus,totaldissolvedgas,andcouplingwithabenthicsedimentdiagenesismodule.TheenhancedW2modelwastestedandevaluatedbyapplyingtothelowerMinnesotaRiverandPetenwellandCastleRockReservoirsinsupportofnutrientpollutionassessment.ThispaperpresentstheapplicationofnewlydevelopedW2modeltoLowerMinnesotaRiver.Tocalibrateandvalidatethemodel,W2modeledresultswerecomparedwithanextensivesetoffielddatacollectedduringasixyearperiod(20012006).TheW2modelwasabletocapturethespatialandtemporaltrendsinallsimulatedwaterqualityconstituentsincludingtemperature,inorganicsuspendedsolids,algae,organicphosphorusandnitrogen,phosphate,ammonia,nitrate,anddissolvedoxygen.Withrareexceptions,thestatisticalmeasuresoftheW2modelperformancewereexcellent.TheW2modelwasalsoappliedtoCastleRockReservoirsforassessingnutrientpollutionandpredictingthebehaviorofthewaterqualityresponsesfromnutrientreductionscenarios.

Keywords:CEQUALW2;Waterquality;Nutrients;Totalmaximumdailyload;MinnesotaRiver;CastleRockReservoirs

ZhonglongZhang  ERDCELEmail:zhangus@outlook.com

·922·

DistributionofParametersforHydrologicModelsonLargeScaleinChina

XiaZhao1,CunwenNiu1,XiangZhang2

1.ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch2.WuhanUniversity

Abstract

Inthispaper,weanalyzethewatercycleprocessandfindthecriticalparametersforhydrologicmodelsonlargescale.Wefocusontheparametersbasedonphysicalmechanism,therefortheresultsarereferentialforkindsofhydrologicmodels.Onthebasis,westudythecharacterofrunoffandsinkflowproducing,andthenbuildthedistributionofthecriticalparametersinChina.

Keywords:Parameter;Hydrologicmodel;Largescale

XiaZhao  ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearchEmail:13260502885@163.com

·032·

ResponseofMeltWaterandRainfallRunofftoRecentClimateChangeandTheirRolesinControllingRiverFlowChangeoftheThreeHeadwatersBasinsovertheTibetanPlateau

YueguanZhang

XihuaUniversity

Abstract

AslocatedintheTibetanPlateau,theupperregionoftheYellowRiver(UYE),theYangtzeRiver(UYA)andtheBrahmaputraRiver(UB)areverysensitivetotheclimatechange.Inthisstudy,the‘VICglacier’modelwhichlinksasimpledegreedayglacieralgorithmwiththeVariableInfiltrationCapacity(VIC)model,wasemployedtoinvestigateresponseofmeltwaterandrainfallrunofftorecentclimatechangeandalsotostudytheirrolesincontrollingriverflowchangeofthethreebasinsfor19642013.Byusingtheinversedistanceweightingmethod,thedailyclimatedatafromstationsoftheChinaMeteorologicalAdministrationforyears19642013wereinterpolatedtothe1/12o′1/12oresolutiongridsandthenwereutilizedasinputintotheVICglaciermodel.Theresultsindicatethefollowing:(1)TheclimateovertheUYAandUBbecamewarmerandwetterduring19642013whilewarmeranddrierclimateexhibitedintheUYE.(2)Theannualglacierrunoffaccountsfor0.72%,11.52% and14.07% ofthetotalrunoffintheUYE,UYAandUBwhilesnowmeltrunoffcontributeto14.37%,14.87% and11.56% ofthetotalrunoffinthethreebasins,respectively.(3)Fortheyears19642013,therainfallrunoffsuggestsadecreasingtrendintheUYEwhileUYAandUBshowanincreasingtendency;simulatedsnowmeltandglacialrunoffindicateanoveralldecreasingandincreasingtrendoverthethreebasins,respectively.(4)ThedecreasingannualriverflowoftheUYEisattributedtothereductionofrainfallrunoffandsnowmeltwaterforthepastfiftyyearswhiletheincreasingstreamflowforbothofUYAandUBisaresultofthecombinedeffectsfromtheraisingrainfallrunoffandglacialrunoff.Amongthethreerunoffcomponents,therainfallrunoffwasconsideredasthedominantfactordrivingchangesofriverdischarge,whichcanberesponsibleforover85% ofchangesinthetotalrunoffoverallfocuscatchments.Findingsfromthisstudycanprovidebeneficialreferencetowaterresourceandecoenvironmentmanagementstrategiesforgovernmentalpolicymakers.

Keywords:Climatechange;VICmodel;Snowmeltrunoff;Glacialrunoff;TibetanPlateau

YueguanZhang  XihuaUniversityEmail:zhangyueguan@mail.xhu.edu.cn

·132·

ModellingDailyWaterTemperatureinMissouriRiverBasinUsingStatisticalModels

SenlinZhu

HydraulicEngineeringDepartment

Abstract

Watertemperatureplaysasignificantroleinwaterqualitycontrolandmanagement.Statisticalmodelsprovideausefultoolforwatertemperatureprediction.Theprimaryobjectiveofthisstudywastoimprovetheaccuraciesofthreestatisticalmodels(linearmodel,nonlinearmodelandstochasticmodel)toestimatedailywatertemperatureintenriverstationsinMissouriRiverbasin.Theresultsshowsignificantimprovementwhenaweeklyintegratedscheme(thesamedayplustheprevioussixdays)wasusedastheairwatertemperatureaveragingschemecomparedwiththesamedayschemeandatwodayintegratedscheme.TheaverageNashSutcliffeCoefficient(NSC)usedtoevaluatemodelaccuracyforthetenriverstationsimproveddrastically:from0.82(thesamedayscheme)to0.87(twodayintegratedscheme),andreached0.94(weeklyintegratedscheme)forlinearregression;from0.85(thesamedayscheme)to0.90(twodayintegratedscheme),andreached0.96(weeklyintegratedscheme)fornonlinearregression.NSCvaluesforallthetenriverstationsexceeded0.9whenweeklyintegratedschemeisused.Amongthethreemodels,stochasticregressionmodelhasthemaximumaccuracy.Theinfluenceofflowisalsoanalyzedhere.Resultsshowthatflowhaslittleeffectonmodelaccuracy.

Keywords:Dailywatertemperature;MissouriRiver;Statisticalmodels;Flow

SenlinZhu  HydraulicEngineeringDepartmentEmail:senlinzhu@whu.edu.cn

·232·

ComparisonRainfallInterpolationatDifferentSpatialResolution

MengxiYang,GuodongLiu

CollageofWaterResource&Hydropower

Abstract

Differentapplicationoftenneedsprecipitationdataatdifferentspatialresolutions.Onecommonmethodtoobtaingriddedrainfalldataatdifferentspecificspatialresolutionsisinterpolation.Thegriddedrainfalldatathatareinterpolatedfrominsituraingaugevariesdependingonmanyfactorssinceeachinterpolationmethodhasitsownbenefitsanddrawbacks.Thisstudyistoevaluatinguncertaintythatmaybecausedbydifferentinterpolationmethods,andtoseewhetherthescalefactorwillhaveinfluenceontheinterpolationwhichmeansdifferentinterpolationalgorithmsmaysuitforspecificscales.Inthisstudy,twogeostatisticalalgorithms(ordinarykriging,thinplatespline)andonedeterministicalgorithm(inversedistanceweighting)willbeusedtointerpolatedailyrainfalldataatfivedifferentresolutions(1km,3km,8km,12km,25km)overtheNetherlands.Meanwhile,thegriddatawillresampleat1kmtootherfourresolutionsandcomparedwithinterpolateddata.Asanextensionofresearch,monthlydatawillbeinterpolatedtoseehowthetemporalscalemayaffecttheinterpolationresults.

Keywords:Rainfalldata;Interpolationmethod;Spatialresolution

MengxiYang  CollageofWaterResource&HydropowerEmail:snowingxx@126.com

·332·

ModernHydroecologicalRegimeofLagoonsinNorthwesternPartofBlackSeaandIssuesofTheirWaterManagementunderClimateChange

ValeriyKhokhlov,YuriiTuchkovenko,NataliiaLoboda,SergiyStepanenko,OksanaTuchkovenko

OdessaStateEnvironmentalUniversity

Abstract

ThiscommunicationcoversmodernhydroecologicalregimeoflagoonsinthenorthwesternpartofBlackSeaundertheimpactoftheuncontrolledeconomicactivityintheirdrainageareas,theunregulateddevelopmentofcoastallands,andtheregionalclimatechangesduringtherecentdecades.Thesituationworsenedbecauseoflackingsciencebasedbasinmanagementplans.

TherearetheseventeenwaterbodiesinformoflagoonsandestuariesinUkrainianpartoftheBlackSeacoastbetweentheDnieperandDanubeestuaries.Fromthesewaterbodies,twolagoonsaretheestuariesoflargerivers,DnieperSouthernBugandDniester,theothertwolagoonsweredeepenedandtransformedintothelargeseaports.Thetwelvelagoonscurrentlydonothaveapermanentconnectionwiththeseaandareseparatedfromitbyasandyshellisthmuseswidthofaseveralhundredmetrestofourkilometres.Theselagoons,conventionallycalled‘closed’,areoccasionallyconnectedtotheseabyartificiallycreatedcanalsorotherwaterconductinghydraulicstructures.Inthepast,theisthmuseswerenaturallybrokeninsomeyears.Currently,sucheventsareveryrarebecausemanyisthmusesweretransformedbyananthropogenicactivity.Inthedrainageareaofthelagoons,therearedozensofartificialreservoirs,thatdonothavelegalstatus,buttheypreventthefreshwaterflowingintothelagoons.Thewateriswithdrawnfromtheriverrunoffinordertofillthesereservoirs,andthenisevaporatedfromtheirsurface;i.e.thepartoftheriverrunoffisirretrievablylost.Restrictionsoflegislationonenvironmentalprotectionregardingtheeconomicactivitiesarenotrespectedinwaterprotectionzonesofthelagoonsandriverswithintheirdrainageareas,e.g.thecoastallandsarebeingploughedupforagriculturalpurposes.Therunoffsofmanymediumandsmallriversandwatercoursesareregisteredonlyafewmonthsayear,usuallyinthespring.Thenaturalbedsoftheseriversarenotmaintainedinproperconditionsthatcanprovidefreewaterflowintothelagoons.

Startingfrom1980s,regionalclimatechangesforcedunfavourablythewaterresourcesin·432·

SouthernUkraine.Climatechangeimpactmanifestedinthe‘closed’lagoonsastheincreasingdeficiencyoffreshwaterbalanceresultedfrom increasingevaporationrateanddecreasingfreshwaterinflowfromtheirdrainageareas.Duringtheperiodswhenthelagoonsaredisconnectedfromtheseaforalongtime,theirwatervolumedecreasedprogressively,andconsequentlyhydroecologicalconditionsofthelagoonsworsenedshoalingordryingupinsomepartsofthelagoons,summeroverheatingwater,risingwatersalinity,increasingconcentrationsofbiogenicmatterandpollutants,intensifyingeutrophicationaccompaniednumerousnegativephenomenaetc.

Inordertocompensatethedeficiencyofwaterbalanceof‘closed’lagoonsitisnecessaryeithertoprovidecontinualfillingupofthelagoonsbytheseawaterthroughtheconnectingcanalsortoincreasethefreshwaterinflowfromthelagoons’drainageareabythestandardizationandmanagementofwaterrelatedactivities.

Thefirstapproachusuallyrequiresconsiderablefinancialexpenditureandasolutionofmanysocioeconomictasks.Moreover,itsefficiencyitisnotevidentduetothereductionofnaturalriverrunoffinducedbytheclimatechange.Thelatterisespeciallycrucialforthelagoonswhosewatervolumeismanytimesgreaterthananannualvolumeoffreshwaterrunofffromtheirdrainagearea.SomeestimatesoffutureclimateinSouthernUkraineindicatethattheclimatechangeonlywillresultinhalvingwaterresourcesofriversbythemiddleofthe21stcenturyincomparisonwiththe1980s.Therefore,ifthemodernlevelofeconomicactivitiesinthedrainageareaofriverswillremainunchangedagainstthebackgroundofregionalclimatechange,thewaterresourcesoflagoonswillbesignificantlyshattered.

Ontheotherhand,thesecondapproachcancausethedeteriorationofwaterqualityinclosedlagoonsasaresultofaccumulationofsalt,nutrientsandpollutantsifthethroughputcapacityoftheconnectingcanalswillbelowandtheiroperatingregimewillcompensateonlythedeficiencyoffreshwaterbalance,i.e.ifwaterwillinashorttimeinflowonlyfromtheseatothelagoon.

Inthecurrentsocioeconomicconditions,moreeffectivestrategystabilizingthehydroecologicalregimeof‘closed’lagoonsisthepermanentandtwowaydirectedexchangeofwaterbetweenthelagoonsandtheseathroughsufficientlydeepandwideartificialconnectingcanalsduringthewholeyear.Thiscanbeparticularlyconfirmedbythefactthatthehydroecologicalregimeofthelagoonstransformedintoseaportsandpermanentlyconnectedwiththeseabydeepshippingcanalsismuchbetterthantheregimeofthe‘closed’lagoons.However,forsomelargelagoonsorientednormallytotheseacoastline,thisapproachcannotdealsuccessfullywiththeproblemoflongtermsaltaccumulation.Thereforeastrategyofwatermanagementprovidingasmuchaspossibleincreaseoffreshwaterinflowfromthedrainageareaoftheselagoonsmustbeadditionallydeveloped.

Keywords:Watermanagement;Climatechange;Lagoons;Hydroecologicalregime

ValeriyKhokhlov  OdessaStateEnvironmentalUniversityEmail:khokhlov.valeriy@gmail.com

·532·

TheImpactsofExtremeDroughtandtheImpoundingoftheThreeGorgesDamonWaterLevelCharacteristicsintheMiddleandLowerReachesoftheYangtzeRiverin2006

YitianLi1,YuanfangChai1,ZhaohuaSun1,YunpingYang2,SixuanLi1

1.StateKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringScience,WuhanUniversity2.KeyLaboratoryofEngineeringSediment,TianjinResearchInstituteforWater

TransportEngineering,MinistryofTransport,Tianjin

Abstract

Moststudiesarefocusedonthecharacteristicsofwaterlevel,itscausesandeffects,butuntilnow,lessresearchworkhasbeendoneintermsofquantifyingthecontributionsofclimatechangeandhumanactivitiesonwaterlevelchanges,especiallyundertheconditionofextremeclimateevents.In2006,theYangtzeRiverbasinsufferedfromextremedroughtandthewaterlevelbehindthethreegorgesreservoir(TDG)increasedfrom135m to156m,whichsignificantlychangedthevariationpatternofwaterlevel.Thus,theanalysisofhowtheextremedroughtandimpoundmentstageof156maffectthevariationpatternofwaterlevelinthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverwillbedoneinthispaper,basedonalargenumberofhydrologicaldataandanewlyproposedcalculationapproach.Thefindingsareasfollows:comparedwithnormalyears,theaveragewaterlevelindryseasonin2006wassurprisinglyhigherthantheaverageleveloverthedecadefrom2003to2013,insteadofdrasticreduction.Thisatypicalphenomenonisknownas“nolowwaterlevelindryseason”(NLD).Incontrast,theaveragewaterlevelatYichangstationinfloodseasonin2006felltothelowestpointinhistory,andlikewise,thatatHankouandDatongstationsbothdroppedtothesecondlowestonrecord,decreasingby3.3mintheworstcasecomparedwiththeaveragerecordedfrom2003to2013.Itwasreferredtoas“nohighwaterlevelinfloodseason”(NHF);Asforthecontributingfactors,theNLDresultedfromtherichprecipitationintheupperYangtzeRiverindryseason,whichledtotherichinflowofTDG,andtheconfluenceoftributariesandlakes,whiletheoperationofthereservoirandriverbederosionbelowTDGshowednodirectrelation

·632·

withthisphenomenon;TheNHFwasdominantlycausedbytheextremedroughtin2006andotherfactorssuchasthe156mimpoundmentandriverbederosionalsoplayanessentialrole.Tobemorespecific,theaveragewaterlevelatDatongstationbetweenOctober4andNovember10in2006declinedby3.35m,with156mimpoundmentandtheextremedroughtcontributing23.6% and76.4% respectively.

Keywords:Thethreegorgesreservoir;Waterlevel;Extremedrought;TheYangtzeRiver

YitianLi  StateKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringScience,WuhanUniversityEmail:ytli@whu.edu.cn

·732·

GroundwaterContaminantSourceIdentificationbySelfOrganizingMapsBasedSurrogateModelswithPartiallyMissingConcentrationObservationData

XueminXia,NianqingZhou,SiminJiang,RuichengZhang

TongjiUniversity

Abstract

Thespatialandtemporalidentificationofunknowngroundwatercontaminantsourcesintermsofsourcelocations,contaminantmagnitudesandactivedurationsremainsacomplexproblemineffectiveaquiferassessment.Thecomplexitiesarisesduetomeasurementerrorsandincompleteconcentrationmeasurementdata.Theexistingmethodologiesforthisproblemusuallysufferhugecomputationalburdenandmaynotgivetheoptimalsolution.SelfOrganizingmapalgorithmisutilizedtoconstructthesurrogatemodelstoincreasetheefficiencyandaccuracyofthesourceidentification.ThesuperiorityofthismethodologyisthatthetrainedSOM basedsurrogatemodelscandirectlybeusedtoidentifythesourcecharacteristicswithoutusingthelinkedsimulationoptimizationmodel.Theapplicabilityoftheproposedmethodologyisevaluatedonahypotheticalaquifermodelformeasurementerrorconditionsandmissingobservationdata.TheresultsshowthatSOMbasedsurrogatemodelshavecapabilitiestoextracthiddenrelationshipbetween sources characteristics and concentration measurementvalues, resulting inidentificationofgroundwatercontaminantsources.

Keywords:Groundwatercontaminantsourceidentification;Selforganizingmap;Surrogatemodel

XueminXia  TongjiUniversityEmail:1510256@tongji.edu.cn

·832·

StudyonEvaluationSystemofWaterEcologicalConstructionintheLongxiRiver

XiaoqingWang1,2,YangCheng1,2

1.ChongqingSouthwestWaterTransportEngineeringInstitute2.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

“ThethirteenthfiveyearplanfortheconstructionofecologicalcivilizationinChongqing”,whichhasincorporatedecologicalconstructionandenvironmentalprotectionintotheplan,proposedthatChongqingwillbebuiltintoanecologicallycivilizedcityby2020,whichisbasicallygreen,lowcarbon,richinhumanresources,andharmoniousandlivable.Thedevelopmentbasedonthegreentone,willmakeChongqingpicturesque.

ThedistributionofriversinChongqingiscrisscrossandthewatersystem isverydeveloped,therearemainlysmallandmediumsizedrivers,allbelongtotheYangtzeRiversystem.Thepromotionofregionaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentbysmallandmediumsizedriversismoreandmoreimportantwiththeeconomicdevelopment.

ItisimportanttobuildascientificandrationalevaluationsystemofwaterecologicalconstructionunderthesituationoftheexperimentalwaterecologicalcivilizationconstructionformiddleandsmallriversinChongqing.TheLongxiRiverisafirstgradetributaryoftheYangtzeRiverwithatotallengthof221km,adrainageareaof3,302km2,andanestuaryflowof48m3/s.ItisanimportantriverintheurbanareaofChongqing,whichonceturnedintoblackandodorlesswater,andtheecologicalenvironmentoftheriverdeterioratedbecauseofindustrialanddomesticwastewaterdischargewithoutstandardizedtreatment.Therefore,itisimperativetoimprovetheecologyoftheLongxiriver.

AframeworkofevaluationindexessystemisstudytobeproposedbasedontheactualsituationoftheLongxiriver.Theevaluationsystemofwaterecologicalconstructionissetupbythirtytwoassessmentindexesofsevenaspectsincludingrivermorphology,waterresourcesprotection, watersafetyconstruction, waterenvironmentalprotection, waterecologicalconstruction,waterlandscapeconstructionandwatermanagement.Scoringcriteriaandcalculationmethodsofevaluationindexesaredefined.AcomprehensiveevaluationmethodwasusedtoevaluatethewaterecologicalconstructionoftheLongxiRiver,whichturnedoutthe

·932·

resultthattheChangshousectionhasthehighestscoreof59.75,Liangpinghasascoreof5643,andtheDianjianghasascoreof50.91.Thewaterecologicalconstructionstatusineachsectionisgeneralgrade.Theevaluationresultsshowthatthescoresofwastewatertreatmentstandardizedrate,riverconnectivitybarrier,ecologicalembankmentratio,waterconservationrate,ecologicalprotectionandrehabilitationrate,naturalwaterlandscaperatewererelativelylow.ItshowsthatthelackofwaterecologicalconstructionprojectintheLongxiRiverhasaffectedtheoverallwaterecologicalsituation.WeshouldtakemeasurestoprotectandrehabilitatethewaterecologyoftheLongxiRiverincombinationwiththelocalcharacteristicsoftheLiangpingSection,theDianjiangSectionandtheChangshouSection.

Sofar,therehavebeenthreeexperimentalcitiesforwaterecologyinChongqing.ThesourceoftheLongxiRiverisintheLiangpingdistrictwhichisoneofthethreeexperimentalcities,soitswaterecologicalenvironmentisparticularlyimportantforthethreedistricts.ToconstructasetofevaluationsystemssuitablefortheLongxiRiverecologicalconstructionandevaluateitsefforts,isoneofthefocusesintheprogressofecologicalconstructionresearchinChongqing.ItisexpectedthattheresearchachievementcouldprovideguidelinesforthewaterecologicalconstructionofLongxiRiver,andalsoprovidereferenceforotherriversinchina.

Keywords:TheLongxiRiver;Waterecologicalconstruction;Evaluationindex

XiaoqingWang  ChongqingSouthwestWaterTransportEngineeringInstituteEmail:304581040@qq.com

·042·

AnOverviewofChina’sWaterStatistics

QiuboLong

HHPDI

Abstract

WaterstatisticsisfoundationofthemoststrictwaterrecourcesmanagementsysteminChina.Inthisarticle,weprovideanoverviewofthepublishedsourcesofChina’swaterstatistics,mainlyconcerninghydrologicandsocialwatersupplyandusestatistics.AggregatestatisticsandbalancesareavailablethroughpublicationsoftheMinistryofWaterResourcesandtheNationalBureauofStatistics,andspecializedpublicationspresentinformationonsectorsandindividualenterprisesingreatdetail.MostmaterialsareavailableonlyinChinese,andsomekeyinformationisavailableontheinternet.Anelementarydisparityanalysisismentionedinthepaper.Theconclusionsshowthathydrologicdataarereliablebasedontherigorouscompilationsystemwhilesomeunreasonabledatadoexistinwatersupplyandusestatistics.Whileshortcomingsincoverageandqualityaffectmanywaterindicators,China’sstatisticscanbeusedformeaningfulanalysis,providedthatthefactorsaffectingdataqualityaregivendueconsideration,andchecksusingotherindicatorsareperformed.

Keywords:Waterstatistics;Hydrologicdata;Watersupplyanduse

QiuboLong  HHPDIEmail:longqiubo17@126.com

·142·

StudyonNormalTransformationMethodinBPFModelforInputData

HongguangJiang1,WeiXu1,YaoyiZhang2,XuezhiZhang2,HuatuoTang2,XunYang3

1.ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.ChongqingInstituteofWaterResourcesResearchco.LTD3.ChongqingBureauofGeologyandMineralsExploration

Abstract

TheBayesianProcessorofForecasts(BPF)modelwascommonlyusedtodescribethehydrologicaluncertainty.TheBPFmodelcanintegrateandquantifytheuncertaintiesoftheinputdata,structureandparametersofthehydrologicalmodel.ForecastprobabilitydistributioncanobtainfromBPFmodeltodescribetheuncertaintiesofforecastingflows.ThisstudyaimedtoresolvetheproblemofthenormalassumptionofinputdataintheBPFmodel.Firstly,theMetaGaussian(MG)modelandtheBoxCox(BC)modelareintroducedtonormalizetheinputdatarespectively.Secondly,combiningwiththecharacteristicsofMGmodelandBCmodel,theBCMGmodelisconstructedandtheinputdataisconvertedintoanormalstate.Then,theBPFMGmodel,BPFBCmodelandBPFBCMGmodelareestablishedbyusingtheMGmodel,BCmodelandBCMGmodelrespectively.Finally,theflowforecastswithsinglevalueandintervalaregenerated.TheresultsdemonstratedthattheMG modelneedstobeprefabricatedthemarginaldistributionfunctionoftheinputdata.TheBCtransformdoesnotmaketheconverteddatainsamespace.TheBCMGmodelcandirectlydeterminethemarginaldistributionfunctionaccordingtothetransformedinputdata.Theconvertedforecastdataandobserveddatacanbeinthesamenormalspace.

Keywords:Bayesianprobabilityforecast;BayesianProcessorofForecastsmodel;MetaGaussian;BoxCoxtransformation

HongguangJiang  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:592330998@qq.com

·242·

DevelopmentofanIntegratedWaterQualityModelingEngineforHECRAS,HECResSim,

andHECHMS

JohnDeGeorge1,StephenAndrews1,ToddSteissberg2,ZhonglongZhang3

1.ResourceManagementAssociates,Inc.2.USACEHydrologicEngineeringCenter

3.LimnoTech

Abstract

TheUnitedStatesArmyCorpsofEngineers(USACE)isresponsibleformultiobjectiveriverreservoirwatercontroloperations,includingmeetingkeywaterqualitycriteria.TheUSACEHydrologicEngineeringCenter(HEC)workingincollaborationwiththeUSACEEngineerResearchandDevelopmentCenterEnvironmentalLab(ERDCEL)isdevelopingawaterqualitysimulationenginethatwillbeintegratedwithexistingnumericalmodelsforhydrology(HECHMS),riverreservoiroperations(HECResSim),andriverhydraulics(HECRAS).ThesimulationengineutilizestheNutrientSimulationModules(NSM)waterqualityconstituentroutinesdevelopedbyERDCEL.BuildingonthecurrentHECRAS1dimensional(1D)waterqualityengine,thenewengineisbasedonafinitevolumenumericalmethodandwillincludesimulationof1Dlongitudinalrivers,2Ddepthaveragedoverlandflowareasandriversections,1Dverticalreservoirs,and2Dlaterallyaveragedreservoirs.OneoftheprimaryobjectivesofthisdevelopmentistoproviderealtimewaterqualitysimulationcapabilityanddecisionsupportforusewiththeUSACECorpsWaterManagementSystem.ThenewwaterqualitycapabilitywillalsobeincludedinthepublicallydistributedversionsofHECsoftwareincludingtheHECRTS,RealTimeSimulationtool.Thistalkwillpresentthenumericalmethodsandsoftwaredesignapproachforthenewwaterqualityenginealongwithexampleapplicationsillustratingtheuseofthetoolforrealtimesimulation.

Keywords:Waterquality;modeling;Realtime;HydrologicEngineeringCenter;HECRAS;HECHMS;HECResSim

JohnDeGeorge  ResourceManagementAssociates,Inc.Email:jfdegeorge@rmanet.com

·342·

ArcGISbasedManagementofRockTunnelHydrogeologicalDataandModelEstablishment

YilanYan

TongjiUniversity

Abstract

Rocktunnelisakindoflargescaleinfrastructureengineeringwithlongterminvestmentcycleandcomplextechnologies,involvinganumberofparticipants.Aimingatthemassivehydrologicaldataappearingintheengineering,theestablishmentofunifiedinformationdescriptionstandardandsharingmechanismcaneffectivelysolvetheproblemsofseriousdatalossatvariousstagesandlowutilizationrateofgeologicalinformation.GIShaspowerfulfunctionsofmaintainingspatialdataandattributedata,aswellasinformationretrieval.ImportingthedataintoArcGISaccordingtothepreparedstandardscouldhelpestablishthetunnelhydrogeologicalmodelquicklyandestimatethegroundwatertableintheresearchareaaccurately.TakingLaoyingTunnelinYunnanProvinceasanexample,thispaperstandardizestheengineeringdataandcarriesoutsomehydrogeologicaldataanalysisusingArcGIS,whichprovidesreferenceforthemanagementofrocktunnelhydrogeologicaldataandmodelestablishment.

Keywords:Rocktunnel;Hydrogeologicaldata;Management;Standardization;ArcGIS;Model;Groundwatertable

YilanYan  TongjiUniversityEmail:cuicannianhua66@126.com

·442·

AModelFrameworkontheCarryingCapacityofInlandWaterwayShipping

WenjieLi1,HaoLong2,ShengfaYang1,WeiYang1,YiXiao1,JiangHu1

1.NationalInlandWaterwayRegulationEngineeringResearchCenter,ChongqingJiaotongUniversity2.KeyLaboratoryofMinistryofEducationforHydraulicandWaterTransportEngineering,

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Thebasictheoryofinlandwaterwayplanningconstructionisnotyetperfect.Unfortunately,thereisnosimulationmethodfortheintegratedoperationofshippingsystemtoservethesocialeconomy.Inviewoftheabove,amodelofinlandshippingcapacityisproposed,analyzingitscorephysicalprocessesincludingtheeconomicdrivingprocessoffreightdemand,thecompetitionprocessoffreightbetweenwaterway,road,andrailway,andthefreighttransportprocessofthewaterway.Thekeyscientificissuesofshippingcapacitywerediscussed.Finally,thebasicframeworkandconstructionideasoftheshippingcapacitymodelwereinitiallyproposed.It’sworthwhiletometethatthedatabaseofresearchontheinlandshippingcapacityissetupbycollectingandinvestigatingthesocialeconomy,comprehensivetransportationandfreightvolumedata.TakingtheYangtzeRiverasanexample,anempiricalmodelfortheshippingcapacityoftheYangtzeRiverwasconstructed,includinganeconomicmodeldrivenbytheinputoutputtable,anallocationmodelbasedonthewaterdepthofthechannel,andadiscriminantmodelofwaterwaytransportofgoodsbasedonthechannelcapacity.WiththeuseofthetotalfreightvolumeanddistributionoftheelevenProvincesandmunicipalitiesintheYangtzeRivereconomicbeltfrom2012to2015,theproportionofthedistributionofwaterway,road,andrailwaywascalibratedandverified.ThesimulationresultsmeettheexpectedgoalandtheshippingcapacityoftheYangtzeRivercanbeidentifiedpreliminarily.Themodelofinlandshippingcapacityproposedinthispaperhasthepotentialcapacitytosimulatethedemandoffreighttransportationundertheplannedeconomiclevelandtoassesstheadaptabilityofshippingandeconomicdevelopmentlevel.Itcanprovidetechnicalsupportforshippingplanningconstruction.

Keywords:Shippingcarryingcapacity;Freightdrivenbytheeconomy;Competitionbetweenwaterway,road,andrailway;Freighttransportinthewaterways;Modelconstruction

WenjieLi  NationalInlandWaterwayRegulationEngineeringResearchCenter,ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:979942830@qq.com

·542·

StudiesonStructureofFishCommunityandSpeciesDiversityinWuhanSectionoftheYangtzeRiver

YitingZheng1,PengHan1,YunhaoGuo1,MeihuaXiong2

1.PekingUniversity2.InstituteofHydroecology,MinistryofWaterResourceandChineseAcademyofSciences

Abstract

BasedonmonitoringdataofthefishcommunityinWuhansectionoftheYangtzeRiverfrom2013to2015and2017,thestructureoffishcommunityandspeciesdiversityoffishweredescribedusingShannonWienerdiversityindex,Simpsondominanceindex,Margalef’srichnessindex,Pielou’sevenessindexandmultiplestatisticalmethods.Atotalof56fishspeciesfrom41genera,12familiesand7orderswerecollectedduringthemonitoringperiods,withdominancebyCyprinids.Andtherewasnosignificantdifferenceinnumbersoffishspeciesindifferentyears.Accordingtofeeding,thedominantspecieswerecarnivorousspeciesandtherearemoreomnivorousspeciesthanherbivorouones.Accordingtohabitat,benthicspeciesweredominantspeciesinWuhansection.Accordingtospawninghabit,residentspeciesweredominantspeciesinfishcommunity.Therewerenosignificantchangesindiversityindexindifferentyears.Thefishsizein2017haveimprovedcomparedwiththatin2013,2014and2015.Theabundancebiomasscurves(ABC)andWstatisticofthefishcommunityindicatedthatthecommunitywasstablefrom2013to2015and2017.ThefishcomminitystructuredataforthefouryearsweredividedintotwogroupsbyusingClusteranalysisandnonmetricmultidimensionalscaling(NMDS)methods.NoobviousdifferencebetweenthesetwogroupswasfoundbytheANOSIManalysis.Thesimilaritypercentage(SIMPER)analysisshowedthatabundanceoffishadaptingtothestaticorslowflowdecreased.Inbrief,thefishcommunityinWuhansectionoftheYangtzeRiverisrelativelystable,andthesizeoffishhasanincreasingtrend.Forbiddenfishingperiodmanagement,stockenhancementsandmonitoringoffishresourcesarerecommendedtosupportimplementationofprotectionandsustainabledevelopmentoffisheryresourceinWuhansectionoftheYangtzeRiver.

Keywords:WuhansectionoftheYangtzeRiver;Stuctureoffishcommunity;Speciesdiversity

YitingZheng  PekingUniversityEmail:zheng_yiting818@126.com

·642·

DevelopmentofanOperationalFlashFloodForecastingSystemforThailand

SathitChantip,ApimookMooktaree,PiyamarnSisomphon

HydroandAgroInformaticsInstitute

Abstract

Flashfloodisarapidfloodingthatcausedbyheavyrainassociatedwithpoorsoilabsorptionability.Itisoneofthemostdangerouskindoffloodduetoitsgreatvolumeevolvesinshortduration.InThailandflashfloodoccursfrequentlyinthesteepterrainareasuchasintheNorthandtheSouthcausinglossoflifeandexcessivedamagetoproperty.Predictionofflashfloodisofitschallengesandcanbedifficultasthegenerationprocessiscomplex.ThemainobjectiveofthispaperistodevelopanoperationalflashfloodforecastingsystemforThailandbythreedifferentconcepts(Flashfloodpotentialindex(FFPI),Flashfloodguidance(FFG)andFlashfloodprediction(FFP)).Flashfloodoccurswhenacombinationofspecificmeteorologicalandhydrologicalconditionsmeet.Hydrologicalcharacteristicsofthewatershedareoneofdrivingfactorsandhavetobetakenintoaccount.Eachofthemethodswillbeapplicabledependingonthelevelofinformationintegratedintotheflashfloodwarning.Thephysiographiccatchmentproperties,radarrainfalldataandanuncalibratedhydrologicalmodelareusedintheflashfloodprediction.Theoutputofanoperationalsystemisthestaticmapofflashfloodpotentialindex,thedynamicmapsforshowingprecipitationamountsestimatedtocauseflashfloodbasedonthecurrentstateofcatchmentandthedynamiccalculatedmapsshowingifflashfloodlevelsarereachedincatchmentsbasedonforecastedrainfallandresultinghydrograph.Thesedifferentoutputscanbeusedincombinationtogainknowledgeaboutimminentflashfloodthreatareas.Theflashfloodforecastingsystemisthenewfunctionalitywithinthepresentdecisionsupportandfloodforecastingsystemthathasbeendevelopedsince2012.TheflashfloodforecastwasinitiatedatBangSaphaninPrachuapKhiriKhanProvinceusingthenearrealtimerainfallforecastfromcompositeweatherradar.Thesystemhasbeendevelopedtoenhancethedecisionsupportintheearlywarningsystem.Currently,itisbeingtestedforitsoperationalperformancebeforeexpandingtocoverotherriskareas.

Keywords:Flashflood;Flashfloodpotentialindex;Flashfloodguidance;Flashfloodprediction

SathitChantip  HydroandAgroInformaticsInstituteEmail:sathit@haii.or.th

·742·

TheApplicationofChannelUnderwaterTerrainMonitoringBasedonBIM Technology

ZuopengNiu,GuojieLi

CCCCSecondHarborConsultantsCo.,Ltd.

Abstract

Threedimensionalterrainanalysisforsurfaceevolutionresearchprovidesanewtechnicalsupport,inthispaper,basedonactualengineeringmultiphaseunderwatertopographicsurveydata,basedonBIMtechnologychannelonthesurfaceoftheunderwaterterrainindifferenthistoricalperiods,realizingthreedimensionalvisualization,andcarringontheanalysisofthedynamicmonitoring,theBIM technologycanmoreimageintuitivelydisplayarealandformevolution,sedimentationandother3D situation,playinganimportantroleforwaterwaymaintenanceandrenovation.

Keywords:BIM;Channel;Underwaterterraindata;Dynamicmonitoring

ZuopengNiu  CCCCSecondHarborConsultantsCo.,Ltd.Email:308734050@qq.com

·842·

LaboratoryFlumeStudiesonPropagativeWavesiltyBedInteractions

LaiJiang1,LinlongTong1,2,JishengZhang1,2

1.CollegeofHarbor,CoastalandOffshoreEngineering,HohaiUniversity2.StateKeyLabortaryofHydrologyWaterResourcesandHydraulicEngineering

Abstract

Waveseabedinteractionshavebeenoneofthemostcriticalconcernsformanyengineeringpracticesinthecontinentalmarineenvironment.Whenoceanwavespropagateoverporousseabed,theycausevariationsoftheporepressurewithinseabed,leadingtothepossiblesoilliquefaction.Liquefactionofseabedsoilmaybeakeyprocessresponsibleforinstabilityofmarinestructure,suchasoffshoreplatforms,breakwatersandpipelines.Ontheotherhand,classicalwaterwavetheoriesforuseinoffshorestructuredesignhaveignoredtheinteractionbetweenbottommaterialandwavefield,usuallyresultinginanattenuationofthewaveheightduetobottomfriction,percolationlossesandviscousdampingwithinthesediments.So,toanoffshoredesigner,anaccurateunderstandingoftheprocessofwaveseabedinteractionshasagreatinfluence.

Inordertoadvanceandimproveourunderstandingoftheprocessofwaveinducedseabedliquefactionanditsimpactonwavepropagation,systematicalexperimentsarecarriedoutinawaveflumewithasoilbasinfilledwithsilt(seeFig.1).Boththeporepressuresandwatersurfaceelevationsaremeasuredsimultaneously,andtheseabedliquefactionisvideotapedbyahighspeedcamera.

Laboratorymeasurementsshowthattheporepressureinsurfacelayermainlyoscillatesovertime,andthewaveperiodaveragedporepressurehaslittlechange.Inthedeeplayer,however,thewaveperiodaveragedvalueoftheporepressurebuildsupdramatically.Theresultsshowthatwaveattenuationisweakandwaveformhaslittlechangewhensiltbedisnotliquefied.However,thewaveheightdecreasesrapidlyalongthedirectionofwavepropagationandwaveformchangesareobtained,whenseabedliquefactionoccurs.Suchawaveattenuationisgreatlyenhancedwhentheliquefactiondepthfurtherincreases.

Theexperimentsdemonstratethattheconditions(waveheightandwaveperiod)ofincidentwaveshavesignificantimpactsonthewaveinducedporepressures,liquefactiondepthandwaveattenuationinasiltbed.

Keywords:Liquefaction;Waveattenuation;Excessporepressure;Siltbed;waterWaves

LaiJiang  CollegeofHarbor,CoastalandOffshoreEngineering,HohaiUniversityEmail:824372810@qq.com

·942·

EffectofSulfateAttackontheTriaxialMechanicalbehaviorofMortar

XiaotongYu,DaChen

HohaiUniversity

Abstract

Cementbasedmaterialshavebeenwidelyusedinconstructions,wheretheynotonlywithstandcombinedstatesofstress,butsufferthechemical/physicaldeteriorationfromthesurroundingenvironments.Sulfateattackhasbeengenerallyregardedasamaindurabilityproblem,secondtoreinforcementcorrosion.Moststudiesconsideringsulfateattackfocusontheevolutionofmechanicalpropertiesofcementbasedmaterialsunderuniaxialloadingwhiletheirmechanicalcharacteristicsundercomplexloadingarerarelyreportedintheliterature.Thetriaxialstressstateisoneofthecommoncombinedstressstatesforcementbasedstructures.Consideringthesignificanteffectofsulfatecorrosionforstructuredurabilityandfrequentexistenceoftriaxialstressstate,itisnecessarytostudythetriaxialmechanicalcharacteristicsofcementitiousmaterialsundersulfateattack.

Inthismanuscript,weinvestigatedtheeffectofsulfateattackonthetriaxialmechanicalbehaviorofthemortarfullimmersedin5% Na2SO4solutionfor270days.Triaxialcompressiontestswiththreeconfiningpressures,0,5and15MPa,wereperformedevery30days.

Theresultsthatthetriaxialfailurestressandelasticmodulusincreasedwiththeimmersiontimeatinitialstage,thendecreasedforthemicrocrackingformationandstiffnessdegradation.Theevolutionofplasticdeformationwastheopposite.Moreinterestingly,withtheincreaseofconfiningpressure,effectofsulfateattackonthefailurestressandplasticdeformationdecreasedandincreasedgraduallyinthecaseofsameimmersiontime.Furthermore,anelastoplasticmodelconsideringsulfateattackwasproposed,inwhichtheeffectofsulfatedeteriorationwasintroducedtotheelasticmodulus,failurecriterionandhardeninglaw.Thefinalverificationshowedthatthepresentmodelcanagreewellwithexperimentaldata.

Themechanicalpropertiesofmortararesignificantlyaffectedbysulfatedeterioration.Theevolutionofthetriaxialfailurestress,elasticmodulusandplasticdeformationcanbedividedintotwostages,oneisinitialimprovementstageandtheotherisdeteriorationstage.Moreinterestingly,withtheincrementofconfiningpressure,theeffectofsulfateattackonthefailure

·052·

stressdecreasewhilethatontheplasticdeformationaremoresignificant.Thepresentelastoplasticmodelconsideringsulfateattackcanwellreproducetheprepeakstressstraincurvesofmortar.Themodel’sparametersrelatedtosulfatedeteriorationareexpressedbythe2ndpolynomialwithrespecttodeteriorationtime.Numericalverificationshowsgoodagreementbetweentheproposedelastoplasticmodelandtheexperimentalresults.

Keywords:Sulfateattack;Triaxialmechanicalbehavior;Mortar;Elastoplasticmodel

XiaotongYu  HohaiUniversityEmail:1147844201@qq.com

·152·

StudyonHighPrecisionWaterLevelMeasurementMethodBasedonDualfrequencyUltrasoundinHydraulicPhysicalModelExperiments

YuejieShu,JunWu,YuanhanZhou

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Waterlevelisoneofthekeyparametersinhydraulicphysicalmodelexperiments.Thecurrenttemperaturecompensationmethodusedinsinglefrequencyultrasonicwaterlevelsensorcannotcompletelycompensateforthechangeofsoundvelocitycausedbythechangeofwaterenvironment,whichleadstothelowaccuracyofwaterlevelmeasurementandcannotmeettherequirementsofhydraulicphysicalmodelexperimentalmeasurement.Inordertosolvethisproblem,adualfrequencyultrasonicwaterlevelmeasurementmethodisproposed,whichusestwoultrasonicprobestoaccuratelymeasuretheflighttimeandunderwatersoundvelocityrespectively.Theoreticalanalysisshowsthatthemethodcancompletelycompensateforthechangeofsoundvelocitycausedbythechangeofwaterenvironment.Basedonthis,thedistancemeasurementexperimentiscarriedoutinwaterwithdifferentsalinityanddifferentwatertemperature.Theexperimentalresultsshowthat,themeasurementaccuracyofdualfrequencyultrasonicwaterlevelsensorinvariousexperimentalwaterenvironmentisupto±0.1mm,andtheenvironmentaladaptabilityofthismethodisstrong.Itcanbewidelyusedinhighprecisionwaterlevelmeasurementofvarioushydraulicphysicalmodelexperiments.

Keywords:Dualfrequencyultrasound;Waterlevel;Highprecision;Hydraulicphysicalmodelexperiment

YuejieShu  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:704537847@qq.com

·252·

ImpulsiveWaveRunupGeneratedbyRockLandslidesinaBendChannelReservoir

LinfengHan,PingyiWang,MeiliWang,JianLi,XiaohanHe,BaiqiangXu

ChongqingJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Largescalephysicalmodelexperimentsofimpulsewavesgeneratedbyrocklandslidesareconductedtostudythewaverunupalongthehillslopelocatedinfrontofthewavegenerationareaofabendchannelreservoirscenario.Thedynamiclandslideimpactcharacteristicswerecontrolledbymeansofachainhoistlandslidegenerator.Theexistenceofthebendsignificantlyinfluencesthewaverunupattheopposinghillslope.Themeasuredmaximumrunupoccursatthehillslopeopposedtothewavegenerationanddecayslaterallywithpropagationdistanceawayfromthelocationofthemaximum.Themaximumrunupiscausedbythewaterjetflowgeneratedbythebreakingbore.Apredictiveequationforthejetflowheightattheinnerbendentranceisderivedandamethodtopredictthemaximumrunupalongthehillslopeopposedtothewavegenerationisprovided.Thepredictiveequationsfortherunupattenuationalongopposingstraightandcurvedshorelineswereproposed,respectively.

Keywords:Rocklandslides;Wavegeneration;Waverunup;Physicalmodel;Bendchannelreservoir

LinfengHan  ChongqingJiaotongUniversityEmail:linfengyue@126.com

·352·

ExperimentalInvestigationintoDownstreamFieldofaPilesupportedHorizontalAxis

TidalStreamTurbine

XiangfengLin1,JishengZhang1,RishengWang2

1.HohaiUniversity2.ShandongJiaotongUniversity

Abstract

Thisstudyaimstogainadeeperunderstandingintothedownstreamfieldofahorizontalaxistidalstreamturbine(HATST),whichisessentialtomakebestuseoftidalstreamenergyandprotectturbinestructuresfrom seabedscouring.Flowcharacteristics,includingvelocity,turbulenceintensity,Reynoldsshearstress,bedshearstress,werediscussedtocharacteriseimpactsofrotorrotationinthedownstreamfield.

Physicalexperimentswerecondutedinaflumeusingascaledthreebladedhorizontalaxistidalstreamturbinemodel.FlowfiledwasmeasuredusinganadvancedAcousticDopplerVelocimeter(ADV).Throughouttheexperiment,signaltonoiseratiowasmaintainedhigherthan15andcorrelation90%.SpikesindawdatacollectedbytheADVwerefirstfilterdusingthephasethresholdmethodandthenreplacedusingathreeorderpolynominalinterpolationmethod.

Experimentresultsofscenarioswithandwithoutarotorarecomparedwitheachothertocharacterizeimpactsofrotorrotationonthedownstreamfield.Analysisofresultsshowsthattheminimumvelocityalongthetransversedirectionlocatesat0.2to0.4rotordiameter(D)awayfromtherotorcentralaxisin2Dto4Ddownstreamdistanceduetorotorrotation.At1Ddownstream,flowfieldishighlyaffectedbythenacelleandminimumvelocitylocatesrightbehindit.Theblockageofrotorresultsinaslowervelocityrecoverywithinthesweptarea.Besides,Flowvelocityrecoversquicklyfrom1Dto3Ddownstreamandgraduallybehind3Ddownstreaminthelongitudinaldirection.Higherturbulenceintensity(TI)inthemeasuredareaisalsoobservedwhentherotorrotates.Thelargestturbulenceintensityalongtransversedirectionisfoundabout0405D awayfrom rotorcentralaxiscenter,exceptat1Ddownstream,inwhichit’sobservedintheflumecenterduetothenacelle.Alonglongitudinal

·452·

direction,TIlevelsdecreasesquicklywithin3Ddownstream andslowlyafterwards.ThedistributionandvariationofReynoldsshearstress(RSS)sharesasimilartrendtothatofTI.MuchlargerRSSareobservedbecauseofrotorrotationthroughoutthemeasuredarea,whichindicatesthatrotorrotationwouldincreaseturbulenceanisotropy.Thisisverifiedby‘Lumleyangles’,whichshowsthattheflowfiledtendstobemore‘discshaped’whentherotorrotates.Bedshearstressisalsoevaluatedinthedownstreamfield.Theresultshowsthatthelargestbedshearstressalongthetransversedirectionisalwaysobservedintheflumecenter,nomatterwhetherthereisarotorornot.However,therotationofrotornearlydoublesthevalueofbedshearstresswithin3Ddownstream.Itmeansthatlocalscourismorelikelytohappenwhentidalstreamturbinesareoperating.Thelargestbedshearstressatvariousdownstreamdistancesalsodeclinesfastfrom1Dto3Ddownstreamandslowlyafterwardsforbothscenarios.It’salsofoundthattheamplitudeofvelocityvariationsinducedtherotorrotationseemstodecreaselinearlyalongthelongitudinaldirection.

Itconcludesthatflowfieldat1Ddownstreamisgreatlyinfluencedbythesupportstructure.Furthermore,flowcharacteristicschangesquicklyfrom1Dto3Ddownstreamandonlyslightvariationhappensafterwardswhenwaterflowsdownstream.Furtherinvestigationcanbecarriedouttogainadeeperinsightintoimpactsappliedbyrotorrotationunderdifferentconditions,suchaswithvariousincomingvelocitiesandambientTI,etc.

Keywords:Tidalstreamturbine;Wakefield;Velocitydistribution;Turbulencestructure;Bedshearstress

XiangfengLin  HohaiUniversityEmail:linxiangfeng@hhu.edu.cn

·552·

StudyontheNavigationConditionintheEntranceAreaofUpstreamApproachChannelin

SanakhamShiplock

YunQing

ChongqingSouthwestWaterTransportEngineeringResearchInstitute

Abstract

TheriverreachofSanakhamiscurved,andtheflowconditionattheentranceareaisverycomplicated.BasedonthemodeltestofSanakhamshiplock,theinfluenceofwidthofupstreamapproachchannel,lengthofflowpartitionwallandguidewall,andtappingtodrainageetc.Onnavigationconditionsoftheentranceareaisstudied,andreasonablearrangementandoperationmeasuresofapproachchannelareputforward.

Keywords:Approachchannel;Modelingexperiments;Entrancearea;Navigationcondition

YunQing  ChongqingSouthwestWaterTransportEngineeringResearchInstituteEmail:365526871@qq.com

·652·

ADVbasedMeasurementsofSuspendedSedimentDistributionandTurbulentDiffusionMechanism

DongChen1,2,3,RuiWang1,JuanHe4,XiaohuGuo1,YonghuiZhu1

1.YangtzeRiverScientificResearchInstitute2.WuhanUniversity

3.KeyLaboratoryofRiverRegulationandFloodControlofMWR4.HubeiWaterResourcesResearchInstitute

Abstract

ThemeasurementofsedimentdistributionandturbulencecharacteristicswereconductedunderdifferentequilibriumconditionswithhighfrequencyADVin60m×0.8m×0.9mflume.AnacousticinversionmethodwasperformedbetweenmediumandlowsedimentconcentrationandtheacousticsignalsintensityofacousticalDopplervelocimeter(ADV) bytheratedetermination.Onthisbasis,thecharacteristicsofthechangeofsuspendedsedimentconcentration,momentum diffusioncoefficientandsedimentdiffusioncoefficientwiththeequilibriumconcentrationofsuspendedsedimentareanalyzed,themechanismofturbulentburstingofsedimentsuspensionanddiffusionisdiscussed.Withtheincreaseoftheconcentrationoftheflumeimport,theverticaldistributionofsedimentconcentrationtendstobeuniformwhentherelativescouringandsiltingbalanceisreached.Thesedimentdiffusioncoefficientandmomentumdiffusioncoefficientsatisfyparabolicdistributioninverticaldirection.Theratioofsedimentdiffusioncoefficienttomomentumdiffusioncoefficientunderdifferentequilibrium concentrationsareallgreaterthan1. Theconsistencybetween sedimentconcentrationdistributionandsedimentfluxdistributionisbetter.Themaindrivingfactorsaffectingtheverticaldiffusionofsedimentaretheejectionandsweepeventsinturbulentflow,thesizeofthesedimentdiffusionfluxdependsonthenumber,periodandamplitudeoftheburstingevents.

Keywords:Acousticinversion;Momentumdiffusioncoefficient;Sedimentdiffusioncoefficient;Turbulentbursting

DongChen  YangtzeRiverScientificResearchInstituteEmail:chendong@mail.crsri.cn

·752·

ScourAroundBridgePiersinNonuniformSediments

BaldevSetia1,2,AnshulYadav1,2

1.Professor,NationalInstituteofTechnolgy,Kurukshetra2.M.TechStudent,NationalInstituteofTechnology,Kurukshetra,India

Abstract

Bridgesplaysanimportantroleintheinfrastructuraldevelopmentofanynationbyfacilitatingthemovementofmenandmaterialstotheregionsandpartsseparatedbywaterbodies.InadevelopingcountrylikeIndia,bridgefailureisaseriousconcern,asitaffectsthedevelopingeconomyandcanalsoresultindamagesintermsoflifeandproperty.Accordingtoastudy,approximately60% ofthebridgefailurestakeplaceduetoscourandhydraulicrelatedissues.Scouraroundbridgeelementshasbeenanimportantareaofresearchduringthepastfewdecadesanddrawnattentionofresearchersacrosstheworld.Majorityofthestudiesinthisdirectionwereconcentratedinuniformsizedsedimentsunderuniformflowconditionsandscourstudiesinnonuniformsedimentsunderunsteadyflowconditionswererelativelylesserinvestigated.However,nostreamscompriseoftrulyuniformsizedsediments.Themainfeatureassociatedwithnonuniformsedimentsistheformationofanarmourcoatwhichdifferentiatesthenonuniformsedimentsfromtheuniformsizedsediments.Thearmourcoatbyitspresencepreventsthescouruptocertainvelocitybutoncethearmourlayerisdislodged,thescourdepthstartsincreasingagainandbecomesnearlyequaltothatofscourinuniformlysizedsediments.Asevidentfromtheopenliterature,thecorelationbetweenthevelocityofflowandstabilityofarmourlayerisyettobeestablished.Therefore,anexperimentalinvestigationhasbeencarriedoutinthehydraulicslaboratoryofNationalInstituteofTechnology,Kurukshetra.Theexperimentswerecarriedoutinthreetypesofsediments(havingdifferentmediansedimentsizeandstandarddeviation)inuniform flow,andunsteadyflow(intheform ofhydrographicrunandacontinuouslyrisingtrend).Theresultsoftheexperimentalinvestigationaretobepresentedinthispaper.

Keywords:Scour;Hydraulic;Nonuniformsediments;Unsteadyflow;Armourcoat;Piers;Localscour

BaldevSetia  Professor,NationalInstituteofTechnologr,KurukshetraEmail:setia@nitkkr.ac.in

·852·

AnalysisofPileDiameterandSandParticleSizeonLocalScourinSteadyCurrent

ShengtaoDu,BingchenLiang,XueliShi

OceanUniversityofChina

Abstract

Thepierinariverisoftendamagedordeformedbylocalscour,whichseriouslyaffectsthestabilityofthebridge.Pilediameterandsedimentparticlesizeareimportantfactorsaffectingthescourofbridgepier.Theeffectofthesetwoparametersonthedepthofthescourisstudiedbynumericalsimulations.Therelationshipbetweentheratioofthesquarepileandtheparticlesizetothemaximumscourdepthisobtained,whichprovidesareferencefortheprotectiondesignofthepierscour.

Keywords:Steadycurrent;Pilediameter;Sedimentparticlesize;Localscour;Livebedscour;Scourdepth;Numerical

ShengtaoDu  OceanUniversityofChinaEmail:dushengtao303@163.com

·952·

MonitoringandEarlyWarningofRainfallInducedSoilSlopeFailureUsingElasticWaveVelocity

YulongChen1,TaroUchimura2

1.TsinghuaUniversity2.UniversityofTokyo

Abstract

Thispaperproposesamethodforthepredictionoflandslideinitiationbyusingelasticwavevelocityinsoil.Twocasesofslopemodeltestswereconducted.Firstcaseoftestinvestigatedthebehaviorofelasticwavevelocitiesduringwettingandfailureprocessofsoilslopewithslopeangleof45degree.Itwasfoundthatagradualdecreaseinwavevelocitieswasfollowedbyarapiddecreaseoncethefailurewasinitiated.Whilethesecondcasewasconductedwithslopeangleof0degreeandrainfallwasgivenatearlyperiodandthensoilmodelwasinclinedwithoutrainfallinordertoseparatelyunravelthechangeinelasticwavevelocitywithincreaseofwatercontentanddeformation.Thewavevelocitywasfoundtodecreaseslightlywithincreasingwatercontentbutlargelywithdeformation.Basedontheseobservations,ideasforthepredictionoflandslidesusingelasticwavepropagationinsoilarepresented.

Keywords:Slopestability;Elasticwavevelocity;Rainfallinfiltration;Modeltest

YulongChen  TsinghuaUniversityEmail:673054399@qq.com

·062·

WaterandSoilLossfromLandslideDepositsasaFunctionofGravelContentintheWenchuanEarthquakeArea,China,Revealedby

ArtificialRainfallSimulations

BinghuiHe,FenglingGan,BingYang,DeBao

SouthwestUniversityinChina

Abstract

AlargenumberoflandslidesweretriggeredbytheMw7.9Wenchuanearthquakewhichoccurredon12thMay2008.LandslidesimpactedextensiveareasalongtheMingjiangRiveranditstributaries.Inthelandslidedeposits,soilandgravelfragmentsgenerallycoexistandtheirproportionsmayinfluencethehydrologicalanderosionprocessesonthesteepslopesofthedepositsurface.UnderstandingtheeffectsofthemixturesofsoilandgravelsinlandslidedepositsonerosionprocessesisrelevantforecologicalreconstructionandwaterandsoilconservationinWenchuanearthquakearea.Basedonfieldsurveys,indoorartificialrainfallsimulationexperimentswiththreerainfallintensities(1.0,1.5and2.0mm·min-1)andthreeproportionsofgravel(50%,66.7% and80%)wereconductedtomeasurehowtheproportionofgravelaffectedsoilerosionandsedimentyieldinlandslidesedimentsanddeposits.Wheretheproportionofgravelwas80%,nosurfacerunoffwasproducedduringthe90minuteexperimentunderallrainfallintensities.Forthe66.7% proportion,norunoffwasgeneratedatthelowestrainfallintensity(1.0mm·min-1).Asaresultoftheseinteractions,theaveragesedimentyieldrankedas50% >66.6% >80% withdifferentproportionsofgravel.Inaddition,therewasapositivecorrelationbetweenrunoffgenerationandsedimentyield,andthesedimentyieldlaggingtherunoffgeneration.Together,theresultsdemonstrateanimportantroleofgravelinmoderatingthemobilizationoflandslidesedimentproducedbylargeearthquakes,andcouldlaythefoundationforerosionmodelswhichprovidescientificguidanceforthecontroloflandslidesedimentintheWenchuanearthquakezone,China.

Keywords:Wenchuanearthquake;Soilerosion;Landslidesediment

BinghuiHe  SouthwestUniversityinChinaEmail:hebinghui@swu.edu.cn

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