Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives and AdverbsLecture 6

形容词 形容词有比较级和最高级，如 big, bigger, biggest. 核心形容词可用作定语和表语 形容词做定语修饰名词，构成名词词组的一部分，位于中心名词之前。

Scientific examination, chemical analysis

用作表语的形容词说明名词词组的特征，可位于系动词后面来说明主语。

That’ll be quite impressive. 也可用来说明宾语 : Even Oscar Wilde called it charming.

有些形容词只能用作定语或者表语。 Unable 只用作表语；mere 只用作定语 The student was totally unable to answer them. He had lost his reputation as a strong man,

having been defeated twice by a mere boy.

able, aloof, aware 等形容词通常用作表语 : Clients will be able to trade

electronically. In some ways, you are aloof too. Charlton is aware of the problem.

以前缀 a-开头的形容词大多用作表语 : Abed, ablaze, afraid, abreast, aghast（吓呆的） , aglow（发亮地） , alike, alive, alone, askew（斜，歪） , asleep, aware

其他形容词 : Glad, easier, ill, impossible, ready, sure以后缀– al结尾的形容词通常用作定语： chemical, industrial, general, local,

national, social

形容词后置 形容词位于中心词之后 No one, anything, somebody It’s a shame if you haven’t got anyone musical

here. Something cold and refreshing I think they are doing everything possible to

protect the workers. He said the only details available had come from

Mr Garrod’s family.

固定词组 Attorney general, heir apparent（当然继承人） ,

notary public 形容词词组如果很长通常位于中心名词之后： It’s a lounge（起居室） not much bigger than

the one we’ve got now.

“The+形容词” But the unlikely can happen. These people may be the poor, the

elderly, the young, the unemployed, or the transient（过客） .

具有连接功能的形容词： Worse he had nothing to say. Still more important, we should pay

attention to this.

状语 Too tired to move, she stayed there. Green, bronze and golden, it flowed

through weeds and rushes（灯芯草属植物） .

分级可分级的形容词有比较级和最高级不可分级的形容词通常由强调副词来修饰。 Quite motionless, really tremendous,

absolutely continuous

不可分级的形容词有： Dental, countless, fateful, jobless,

rightful, simultaneous, stainless, total, virtual

一些单音节形容词也可用more, most来表示比较级和最高级。

Wouldn’t that be more fair? I think this is the one she is most proud

of.

复合形容词 Adverb + adjective Already-tight, critically-ill, fiercely-

competitive, environmentally-progressive, highly-respectable, highly-sensitive

Adverb + ed- participles Extensively-researched, ill-suited,

strictly-controlled, so-called, well-organized, neatly-shaved

Adverb + ing- participle Constantly-changing, equally-damaging,

rapidly-growing, slowly-sinking, early-maturing

重叠式 Curly-whirly, goody-goody Adjective + color adjective dark-blue, light-blue, gray-white

Adjective + other adjective Infinite-dimensional Adjective + ed-participle Clean-shaven, white-washed Adjective + ing- participle funny-looking, lovely-sounding, sickly-

smelling

Noun + adjective Age-old, battle-weary, grease-free, life-long, sea-blue,

smoke-free Noun + ed- participle Content-based, health-related, home-made Noun + ing-participle Eye-catching, peace-keeping Adjective + noun Full-time, general-purpose, hi-tech, large-scale, fast-

food, double-digit, late-night, long-term, white-collar

Participle + adverbial particle Blown-out, left-over, paid-up

比较级重复 His own need for food grew slighter and

slighter. Her visits to the country to see her son

became rarer and rarer. Eventually it’ll get more and more

computer wise.

good and, nice and We’ll end this conversation when I’m good and

ready. I’m good and sick of it. Good for your teeth. Makes your teeth nice and

strong. ButBut There are many good and prosperous people

here.

副词修饰形容词 almost positive, really important修饰其他副词 First, health service managers must be

able to price their services reasonably accurately for trading purposes.

用作状语 I think she’ll be married shortly. Surprisingly, the choked voice resumes.

Simple adverbs Well, rather, quite, soon, today, already,

indeed Compound adverbs Anyway, hereby Adverbs derived by suffixation: -ly Geographically, reasonably, readily

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评论附加语（ comment adjunct） （ 1 ） I tell you frankly that Kris didn’t want to know. （ 2 ） I presume that Alison has bought a new car. （ 3 ） Frankly, Kris didn’t want to know. （ 4 ） Presumably, Alison has bought a new car.

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在 Halliday （ 1994 ）看来，评论附加语表示说话人对整个命题的态度，并认为评论附加语表示观点、承认、劝说、恳求、推测、合意、保留、证实、评价、预测等语义。 Halliday （ 2004:129-131 ）进一步扩展了评论附加语的范围，把评论附加语分为两种，一种是对命题的评论，另一种是对言语功能的评论。

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评论附加语位于句首。 Sadly, the storm destroyed the entire tobacco crop. 说话人也可使用评论附加语对主语进行评论，如： The doctor, unfortunately, hasn’t left an address.

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Frankly, were you surprised at the outcome?

Were you surprised at the outcome, frankly?