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All rights, including copyright, in this PowerPoint file are owned and reserved by the Hong Kong Police
Force. Unless prior permission in writing is given by the Commissioner of Police, you may not use the
materials other than for your personal learning or in the course of your official duty.
香港警務處持有並保留本簡報檔案包括版權在內的所有權益。除預先獲得警務處處長書面許可外,本簡報檔案只可用作個人
學習或處理公務上用途。
© Hong Kong Police Force 香港警務處版權所有 1
Police Complaints System in Hong Kong
Ms. Evelyn LAM Man-sai
Chief Superintendent
Complaints & Internal Investigations Branch
Hong Kong Police
Content
1 The HKPF and Policing in Hong Kong
Any other issues5
2 Cultural Change
3 HKP Two-Tier Complaints System
4 Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC)
3
Background of HKPF
Established in 1844 (170 years)
A single Force
Commanded by the Commissioner of Police
appointed by the Central Government
Agency of first response
Agency of last resort
Extended and expanding
responsibilities
4
Background of HKPF
Annual budget : HK$13.1 billion (US$1.68 billion)
28,000+ regular officers
(15% Female)
40 officers per 10,000 citizens (with HK total population at 7.1 million)
(1 officer : 250 citizens)
Supported by
– 4,600 Civilians
– 3,700 Auxiliary
5
HKPF in Figures
17232 17087
1355114140 14542
13890 1389014847 14934
14429 1419313546
13100 1282112153
72911759307593675965
75877
77630
8780491866
73008
88377
8131577437
81125 8079678469
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1994 1995 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000Violent Crime Overall Crime
7
43545072
4482
33482837 2731
0
7037
8029
9138
8394
6269
5554
500
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 2013
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000Armed Robbery Overall Robbery
HKPF in Figures
8
HKPF in Figures
Crime rate per 100,000 population (Compared with other major cities)
City / Year 2006 2010 2011 2012 2013
Singapore 745 653 608 584 549
Hong Kong 1 183 1 081 1 074 1 061 1 015
Tokyo 2 160 1 640 1 414 1 387 N/A
New York 2 517 2 257 2 334 2 361 N/A
Toronto 7 571 5 918 5 685 5 271 N/A
Paris 11 849 10 847 11 150 10 455 N/A
London 12 400 10 700 10 300 9 500 N/A
Source: HKP
9
HKPF in Figures
Reliability of Police Service “To what extent can police services be relied upon to enforce law and order?”
Rank Country
1 Finland
2 New Zealand
3 Qatar
4 Hong Kong
5 Singapore
…
14 Canada
…
24 United States
26 United Kingdom Out of 148 Countries
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Competitiveness Report (2013/14) 10
Cultural Change
Corruption Reports
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 130
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Police-related Corruption (%) Total Corruption
13
History of CAPO
Complaints Against Police Office (CAPO) Set up in 1974
All complaints investigated by CAPO
In 1977, Unofficial Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils (UMELCO) Police Group set up to monitor the work of CAPO
In 1986, restructuring of UMELCO Police Group to become independent police complaints monitoring council, renamed Police Complaints Committee (PCC)
In 1994, PCC renamed as IPCC (Independent Police Complaints Council)
In 2009, Independent Police Complaints Council Ordinance (IPCCO) (Cap. 604 Laws of Hong Kong) was enacted
14
About the IPCC
An independent body established under the IPCCO
IPCCO codified the two-tier complaints system
IPCC became a statutory body since 1 June 2009
IPCC Chairman, Vice-Chairmen and Members are all appointed by the Chief Executive and are drawn from a wide spectrum of society
15
About the IPCC
Functions of IPCC – s. 8 of IPCCO
To observe, monitor and review the handling and investigation of reportable complaints by the Commissioner of Police (CP)
To monitor actions taken or to be taken in respect of any police officer by the CP in connection with reportable complaints
To identify any fault or deficiency in police practices or procedures that has led to or might lead to a reportable complaint
To advise the CP and/or the Chief Executive of its opinion and/or recommendation in connection with reportable complaints
To promote public awareness of the role of the Council
16
Complaint Trend
Complaint Figures
2,430
(+2.4%)
2,373
(-14.1%)
2,762
(-15.6%)
3,271
(-22.7%)
4,231
(+58.3%)
2,672
(+5.7%)2,528
(+0.7%)
2,511
(-6.7%)
2,690
(-16.3%)
3,214
(-5.0%)
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Reporting Year
Num
ber o
f Cas
es
1. Figures in brackets denote yearly percentage (%) change.
2. Figures slightly differ from CAPO Annual Review 2012 due to the cancellation of
duplicate cases.
17
Comparison of Police Complaints
Hong Kong England & Wales Canada
Number of Police Officers
28,000 31,000
(Met Police)
24,500
(Ontario only)
Number of Complaints
2,430 complaints
(2013)
6,610 complaints (2011-12)
3,316 complaints
(2012-13)
Complaints per 1,000 officers
86 213 135
Complaint System
Two-tier
(investigated by Police and
oversee by IPCC)
Two-tier
(investigated by Police/IPCC and oversee by IPCC)
Two-tier
(investigated by Police/OIPRD and oversee by OIPRD)
Oversight Body Independent
Police Complaints Council (IPCC)
Independent Police Complaints
Commission (IPCC)
Office of the Independent Police
Review Director (OIPRD) 18
Complaint Trend
1,226
1,398
641567
256245
98 99 63 67
48 32 39 212 0
0 1
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
Num
ber
of
Cas
es
2012 2013
Neglect
of Duty
Offensive
Language
Unnecessary
Use of
Authority
Fabrication of
Evidence
ThreatAssaultMisconduct /
Improper
Manner
Allegation
Police
Procedures
Other
Offences
Complaint Trend – Force – Allegation
14%
(10.0%)
(4.1%) (2.8%)
(10.8%)
(4.1%) (2.7%)
19
Two-tier Complaints System
COMs lodge complaints via
various channels
Notifiable Complaint (NC) Miscellaneous Cases
Reportable Complaints (RC) or Serious/sensitive NC
Investigated by Respective CAPO Team
Handled/Investigated by COMEE’s Formation
• Police Stations • CAPO Report Centre • Other Government
Department • Media
IPCC for Endorsement
20
CAPO’s Vision
Enhance Credibility Internally and Externally
Maintain Effectiveness and Integrity of the
Two-Tier Complaints System
21
Internal Efforts
Corporate Buy-in & Complaints Prevention
• FCCP supported by RCPCs in cascading down complaints prevention initiatives
• Re-packaged Outreach programme
• Conducted 287 Outreach visits in 2013
• All-level engagement
[DC / SSP Crime / DVC Conferences / Training Days]
• Client oriented & focus on local issues/trends
• Early intervention and avoid the avoidable
22
Internal Efforts
Identify Inadequacies in Procedures and Orders
– Over 50 Service Quality Improvement studies by CAPO & policyholders since 2010, many were raised by IPCC
Supporting the Frontline by Raising Professionalism
– Tips for Smart Cops
– Complaints Prevention E-Newsletter
– Project Lighthouse (to deal with
confrontational situations)
– Project Peace (to deal with land dispute)
– Project Change (to deal with traffic complaints)
23
External Efforts - Stakeholders
Integrity of the Two-Tier Complaints System
– ISO 10002:2004 “Customer Satisfaction”
– Telephone Recording System
– Demonstrate joint effort to improve procedures and Orders in open part of joint meetings
Engaging the Community
– Thematic presentations in open part of joint meetings (on initiatives on Service Quality & Complaints Prevention)
– Publication of re-packaged CAPO Annual Review
– Educational & complaints prevention videos for Report Rooms / Public Page / Police YouTube
24
Summary
HKP Complaints System • Two-Tier Complaints System
• Working Hand-in-Hand with IPCC to Maintain the
Integrity of the System
• Continuous Improvement to Enhance Service Quality
25
Recommended