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Sizing training course 

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Design CriteriaDesign Criteria

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DP=OP*(1+A/100)+B

Pressure Design Criteria

DT=design PressureOT=Operating Pressure

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DT=OT*(1+A/100)+BDT=design temperature

OT=Operating temperature

Temperature Design Criteria

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PFD!#%&')  *,-./ 

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 +F.GC< 8 ENGINNERING FLOWSHEET

ENGINEERING LINE DIAGRAM

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Separators/AccumulatorsSeparators/Accumulators

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Methods of supporting vessels.

(a) Saddle supports for 

horizontal vessels, usually of concrete.

(b) Bracket or lug supports

resting on legs, for either vertical or horizontal vessels.(c) Bracket or lug supports resting on steel structures,

for either vertical or 

horizontal vessels.

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(d) Straight skirt support for towers and other 

tall vessels; the bearing plate is bolted to the

foundation.

(e) Flared skirt for towers and other tall vessels,

used when the required

number of bolts is such that the bolt spacing

becomes less than the

desirable 2 ft.

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Principles of entrainment separation and some commercial types of equipment.

(a) Basic principles of entrainment separating

equipment: (i) change of direction; (ii) impingement on a baffle; (iii) tangential inlet

resulting in centrifugal force.

(b) Wire or fiber mesh pad, typical installations as in Figure B.7.

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(c) A separator combining impingement and centrifugal force

(d)Equipment with impingement and change of direction

(e) Multiple zig-zag baffle arrangement

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FRACTIONATOR REFLUX DRUMS

Commonly their orientation is horizontal.

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Heat ExchangersHeat Exchangers

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Rod baffles for minimizing tube vibrations;

each tube is supported by four rods.

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Standards of Tubular 

Exchanger

Manufacturers

 Association (TEMA).

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PipingPiping

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ScheduleSchedule number(SNnumber(SN))

 !4 BS 3351

T=Pd/(20 sd+P)

P(bar) d(mm) s=N/mm2  2C.,iTf Y./"  ("  2`<'j  k#C 

Schedule number = 1000 P/S,

where

P = internal pressure, psig

S = allowable working stress in psi.

 ./7Tfsch40

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PIPE SUPPORT

PIPERACK

PIPESLIPPER

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x-[>'6 

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"(<"  (8rA/  *WR$  *f'N  .?  (.3)  *)<

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 [!#0.P 

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Ex a m p l e  : heat exchanger tube pressure

loss(water)

W=10 kg/s

L=3.2 m

Id=.75 in

(lb=453.6 gr)

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 5672

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 .    m     i     h    a    n     b     l    o    g .    c    o    m

    w    w    w .    m

     b     l    a    s     t    s    a    v     i    o    r

 .    p    a    r    s     i     b     l    o    g .    c    o    m

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PUMP & CompressorPUMP & Compressor

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Some types of centrifugal pumps. (a) Single-stage, single suction volute pump. (b) Flow path in a volute

pump. (c) Double suction for minimizing axial thrust. (d) Horizontally split casing for ease of maintenance.

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Double-acting, two-stage reciprocating compressor with

water-cooled jacket and intercooler 

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Impellers

The three common types of impellers thatimpart the

1. Fully enclosed-used for high head, highpressure applications.

2. Semi-enclosed-used for general purposeapplications, has open vane tips at entranceto break up suspended particles and preventclogging.

3. Open-used for low heads, suspendedsolids applications,

very small flows.

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e) An external gear pump; characteristics are in Figure 7.8(c). (f) Internal gearpump; the outer gear is driven, the inner one follows

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PUMP Horsepower

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PUMP Efficiency

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PUMP NPSHA 

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PUMP NPSHR 

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PUMP NPSHA   V.~/ o-:

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 V.~/ u-:PUMP NPSHA 

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 V.~/ v-:PUMP NPSHA For Pressured Drum

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Centrifugal pump impeller 

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Compressor selection

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FHP

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Brake Power 

The brake horsepower is considered to be the

pump power input

BHP = FHP / Eff pump

Electricity

The electric horsepower

(EHP) =BHP/ Eff motor 

FHP=EHP* Eff pump* Eff motor 

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valvevalve

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valvevalve

Block(shut-off) (ball,plug,gate,butterfly)

 !5KR?  *6.`  ("  2K3$  D8!? 

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Control(globe)

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Ball ValveBall Valve

Full Bore

 !O,%.P  8  F.? PSV

 !O,%.P piglaucher YF.?  8  pig receiver 

 !Vent-Drain

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Reduce Bore

!/.B  +<(s  D8!?  D.%'B 

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(d) A pressure relief valve, in which the plug is raised on overpressure. (e) A

control valve with a single port. (f) A double-port, reverse-acting control valve.

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(h) Relation between fractional opening and fractional flow of three modes of valve openings.

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Check valveCheck valve

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Control ValveControl Valve

Globe

Butterfly )(7N'ST4  Y"8(8  8  >.L  ',R/ (

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Distillation ColumnsDistillation Columns

TowersTowers

FractionatorsFractionators

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(c) Vapor directing slot on a Linde sieve tray (d) Vapor flow through a bubblecap.

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(e) Sieve tray phenomena and pressure relations; h, is the head in the downcomer, hl is the equivalent head of clear

liquid on the tray, hf is the visible height of froth on the tray, and ht is the pressure drop across the tray

(f) Assembly of and action of vapor and liquid on a bubblecap tray.

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a) Raschig ring; (b) partition or Lessing ring; (c) double spiral ring; (d) metal pall ring;

(e)plastic pall ring; (f) ceramic Berl saddle (g) ceramic intalox saddle

(h) plastic intalox saddle (i) metal intalox saddle (j) Tellerette

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(k) plastic tripak (l) metal tripak (m) wood grid; (n) section through expanded metal packing;

(0) sections of expanded metal packings placed alternatively at right angles (p) GEM

structured packing

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(a) Example packed column with a variety of internals(b) Packing support and redistributor assembly.

(c) Trough-type liquid distributor.

(d) Perforated pipe distributor.

(e)Rosette redistributor for small towers.

(f) Hold-down plate, particularly for low density

packing.

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Email:   lastsavior_b@yahoo.comWeblog:   www.mblastsavior.mihanblog.com

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