Citation preview
A Bilingual Spanish-English Subject Heading List Spanish
Equivalents to Library of Congress Subject Headings
Una lista bilingüe en español e inglés de encabezamientos de
materia
Equivalentes en español a los encabezamientos de la Biblioteca del
Congreso de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica
Roberto Cabello-Argandoña Editor
Floricanto Press 2009
Copyright © 2009 of this Edition by Floricanto Press
All rights reserved. Except for brief passages quoted in a review,
no part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat,
microfilm, xerography, machine readable or any other means, or
incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic,
digital, or mechanical, or reproduced into o transmitted
through the Internet, without the written permission of the
copyright owners.
ISBN: 978-0-915745-80-7
Mountain View, California 94041-2055 Phone: (415) 552-1879 Fax:
(702) 995-1410
Website: www.floricantopress.com E-mail:
Bilindex@floricantopress.com
5
NOTE: Bilindex requires the registration of licensed users.
To register , make sure that you or your institution
registers your copy of Bilindex-General by sending an e-mail to
bxregistration@floricantopress.com stating the Bilindex
edition, which you purchased, e.g., Bilindex-General 2009, the
institution’s name, address, phone, fax, e-mail address, website,
and name of the institutional representative. This is particularly
important if you have acquired your Bilindex copy through
third party distributors. Do not assume that your jobber will
register your institution as a licensed user of
Bilindex.
Syndetic Apparatus. Aparato sindético y sistema de
referencias
Sistema antiguo de la LC de referencias cruzadas. Old LC system of
cross-references Véase es See Va ( véase además) See also X No
usado. Not used XX Referido de. Referred from
Aparato sindético del tesauro como el usado por la LC. This
is a syndetic thesaurus structure, like the one used by new LCSHL
[N] Término de uso restringido. Narrow Term + [N] Úsese con
términos restringidos. Use with Narrower terms [B] Términos
amplios. Broad Term [B] + Úsese con términos amplios o
restringidos. Use with other Broader or Narrower terms + [B] Úsese
con términos amplios. Use with broader terms Va Véase además. See
also Ej Ejemplo. Example
Métodos de Búsqueda Electrónica en Bilindex dentro del marco ADOBE
ACROBAT (Formato PDF)
El mejor método de búsqueda es aquél que se desarrolla a través de
la experiencia que ganada en el uso del motor de búsqueda de
Acrobat Reader.
He aquí un breve resumen de técnicas de búsquedas en BILINDEX
usando ACROBAT READER:
USE ! Palabras completas cuando sus raíces sean muy comunes, por
ejemplo, si busca el
encabezamiento “Acción” no use la raíz “acci,” porque de esta
búsqueda devendrán muchos encabezamientos como “accidentes,” la
cual tiene muchas palabras asociadas con ésta.
6
! “FIND BACKWARDS” (Busque atrás) cuando a su juicio sea mas
rápido. ! La siguiente tabla caracteres extendidos ASCII para
aquellos encabezamientos con acentos
agudos (África), diéresis (Bilingüe) y tilde (Año eclesiástico).
Presione simultáneamente la tecla ALT y el número
correspondiente en el subteclado numérico del teclado de la
computadora. Asegúrese previamente que el panel numérico del
teclado de la computadora esté en posición cerrado (en lock):
. .
viii
Library of Congress Subject Headings for Children's Literature with
Spanish
Equivalents
.......................................................................
xlvii
ix
PROLOGUE
This work is the most current and comprehensive Spanish-English,
English-Spanish bilingual subject heading thesaurus yet available.
It provides Spanish equivalents to the most current Library of
Congress Subject Headings. It includes an explanatory preface,
cross references, scope notes, children's subject headings,
standard subdivisions. This is the result of a twenty-three-year
effort on the part of the editor, consultants, ad-hoc evaluation
committees, and a Resource Group of subject specialists to
establish and standardize Spanish equivalents to over 55,000
Library of Congress Subject Headings in a wide range of subjects.
It is also complemented by BILINDEX: HIGH-TECH.
BILINDEX 2009—GENERAL: A List of Spanish-English Bilingual
Subject Heading Equivalents to Library of Congress Subject Heading
List
! provides authorized Spanish equivalents to the 22
nd edition of the Library of Congress Subject Headings List
(LCSHL).
! has broad applicability and use. It is designed to serve
public and private corporate agencies, public libraries, college
libraries, library schools, and school libraries. Its children's
subject headings appeal to school libraries, its technical subject
coverage appeals to specialized libraries and technical
users.
! is comprehensive. BILINDEX includes a wide range of subjects
from A to Z, and includes technical terms and a separate section
for children's subject headings.
! is authoritative. Based upon the Library of Congress Subject
Headings List, 26 th
Edition, 2009, it expanded these foundations with the assistance of
a large international group of professional librarians and subject
experts with various Hispanic backgrounds: United States, Latin
America, Central America, and Spain. These professionals over
several years studied the Spanish lexical options, established
authoritative terms, and cross-references for ample use for library
professionals, general, and specialized users.
x
! provides regional variants of authorized Spanish subject
terms so that Latin American, Peninsular, Southwestern, Cuban,
Mexican, Mexican-American or Chicano, Puerto Rican, Central
American, South American, and other regional variances will
retrieve the authority record.
! is self-contained. Librarians, subject specialists,
technical specialists, and others may use the information in the
BILINDEX for assigning Spanish subject equivalents to the Library
of Congress Subject Headings. Users may also search a Spanish term
or phrase to determine the appropriate Library of Congress
heading. The process of assigning proper topical subjects for
books may be completed without the aid of secondary
tools.
! is an irreplaceable reference tool that allows Spanish
access to English language collections, and English language
interaction with Spanish language users, and searches. It helps
librarians to negotiate reference and information needs of
Hispanic/Latino library users.
xi
INTRODUCTION
Floricanto Press presently publishes two thesauri under the initial
title of BILINDEX: and
BILINDEX 2009—HIGH-TECH: A Spanish-English Subject
Heading
List in the fields of computer, information, communication sciences
and BILINDEX 2009—GENERAL: A List of Spanish-English Bilingual
Subject Heading Equivalents to Library of Congress Subject Heading
List. This latter volume represents the results of over
twenty-three years of collecting, analyzing, refining, and applying
Spanish language subject terms. BILINDEX has promoted the
standardization of Spanish language subject headings in this
hemisphere. BILINDEX sought to establish a standard approach for
generating Spanish equivalents to Library of Congress subject
headings being used to describe the works included in their
participant union catalog. As the program expanded, more
participant libraries were added. With the publication of
this Bilindex General 2009 and its subsequent updates, Floricanto
Press hopes to further the concept of standardized Spanish subject
cataloging to meet the information needs of the Spanish speaking
population countries and within the United States.
BILINDEX 2009—GENERAL: A List of Spanish-English Bilingual
Subject Heading Equivalents to Library of Congress Subject Heading
List. This preliminary subject heading list, first published in
1983 represented mostly English subject headings and Spanish
equivalents assigned to books cataloged for participating
libraries. As in the present volume, syndetic structure was
constructed for the Spanish language terms but not the English
equivalents. Comments and suggestions were welcomed from users, and
many of them are incorporated here. The present CD-ROM version
updates and replaces all previous editions of BILINDEX.
Contributors
xii
of choice. The task of the BILINDEX’S professional staff has been
to research term use, relying on each professional's background,
reference sources, and personal networks. Unwinding the complex web
of variation so that terms may be presented in a consistent, clear
manner to those who advise the staff requires a thorough knowledge
of Library of Congress subject heading policy and practice as
well as a complete understanding of the major Spanish
language subject heading lists. Floricanto Press uses evaluators
of new subject headings based in home-countries. These
librarians capture the diversity of usage and linguistic
variations in the Spanish usage.
BILINDEX’s editors mandate that these evaluators are to
review particular terms according to established guidelines, and
also consider the guidelines themselves for consistency. In
the process of suggesting Spanish equivalent terms of phrases
for headings, the evaluators solicit input from users,
colleagues, and researchers to establish authoritative
sources.
Scope and Coverage
BILINDEX GENERAL contains Spanish subject headings—equivalents to
the LCHSL 26th edition—established and applied by BILINDEX’s
staff to April 2009. Subsequent additions, updates and changes to
this list are published in yearly cumulative updates available from
Floricanto Press.
How To Use This CD-ROM
One main purpose of BILINDEX is to facilitate subject cataloging of
Spanish language materials. Typically this can be done by either
locating the Library of Congress English subject heading in the
English-Spanish index. Directly under the English subject heading
is the Spanish equivalent term. Find this Spanish term in the main
list. Look for any relevant subdivisions or explanations. In
this edition of the BILINDEX explanatory and scope notes are
printed in Spanish only, however, as next editions are published
these notes will be printed in Spanish and English. Further
revisions are being made to the English forms so that they will
conform to latest LCSHL practice. Using the Note Key located on p.
VI, however, the cataloger may interpret the note and assign
headings accordingly. Separate sections provide guidance for
enhancing the subject equivalents with subdivisions and
establishing geographic and name terms. If multiple equivalents are
found for a single term-either English or Spanish-Floricanto Press
prefers the use of both equivalents in order to adequately cover
the topic. BILINDEX is divided into six sections. They are:
Main List
xiii
and the English equivalent term. Spanish terms that are not valid
terms may be easily identified because they will be
immediately followed by the term véase connected to the
valid term. Please note that terms are filed according to the
Spanish alphabet. This section has grown from an original 500 pages
to the actual over 4,000 page edition for 2009. The main list of
Spanish subject headings equivalents to the Library of Congress
Subject Heading List is currently used in 20 Spanish Speaking
countries, including Spain, Mexico, the United States and a
substantial number of Latin American countries. Each entry in the
Main List is composed of the following parts:
Bilindex Main Heading LC English equivalent
ABREVIATURAS See Also References Abbreviations
va Acrónimos Cifras y claves Símbolos Taquigrafía
Scope and explanatory notes Véase además la subdivisión
ABREVIATURAS bajo asuntos, ej.
ASOCIACIONES—ABREVIATURAS
See From References x Braquigrafía Contracciones
Siglas
See Also From Referentes xx Cifras y claves Escritura
Paleografía Símbolos Taquigrafía
Scope Notes
Scope notes ensure consistency of subject usage by specifying the
range of subject matter to which a heading is applied, by drawing
distinctions between related equivalent headings, or by clarifying
which of several meanings is the one intended for use under
the specific term.
BILINDEX CD-ROM This note is a Spanish translation of the
instructions for the use of ADOBE ACROBAT READER.
Métodos de Búsqueda Electrónica en Bilindex dentro del marco ADOBE
ACROBAT (Formato PDF)
xiv
ganada en el uso del motor de búsqueda de Acrobat Reader.
He aquí un breve resumen de técnicas de búsquedas en BILINDEX
usando ACROBAT READER:
Use palabras completas cuando sus raíces sean muy comunes, por
ejemplo, si busca el encabezamiento “Acción” no use la raíz “acci,”
porque de esta búsqueda devendrán muchos encabezamientos como
“accidentes,” la cual tiene muchas palabras asociadas con
ésta.
No obstante, use raíces (stemming) o parte de palabras cuando sea
posible y eficiente. Letras mayúsculas cuando sea eficiente y
oportuno; “FIND AGAIN,” o presione CTRL + G para repetir o
continuar una búsqueda; “FIND BACKWARDS” (Busque atrás) cuando a su
juicio sea mas rápido.
La siguiente tabla de caracteres extendidos ASCII para aquellos
encabezamientos con acentos agudos (África), diéresis (Bilingüe) y
tilde (Año eclesiástico). Presione simultáneamente la tecla
ALT y el número correspondiente en el subteclado
numérico del teclado de la computadora. Asegúrese previamente
que el panel numérico del teclado de la computadora esté en
posición cerrada bajo llave (en lock):
Presione simultáneamente
ALT + 129 ü 130 é 144 É 160 á 161 í 162 ó 163 ú 164 ñ 165 Ñ 154
Ü
Para las letras mayúsculas Á, Ó, y Ú use las correspondientes
letras minúsculas.
References
xv
indicates that a See reference is made from that term. In summary,
va = term is official heading, usually narrower or related
x = term is not used xx = term is official heading,
usually broader or related
Subdivisions
The present edition of Bilindex includes main headings with
topical, form, and jurisdictional subheadings. For commonly
used or geographic subdivisions refer to the separate corresponding
sections. Although a number of these subheadings actually appear in
the main list, it is also wise to check the appropriate
section.
Ej.
xvi
Library of Congress Subdivisions with Spanish Equivalents
Most commonly used subdivisions as noted by LCSH are included as a
guide for use with individual headings from the Main List. Here are
found both free-floating and geographic name subdivisions.
Library of Congress Subject Headings for Children's Literature with
Spanish Equivalents
This list of Spanish subject headings equivalents to LC Subject
Headings for Children's Literature is a source of Spanish terms
appropriate for use with juvenile literature. As with the English
equivalent forms, adult subject headings are used where no
children's version has been designated.
Geographic Names
Included are most frequently used names of countries and their
Spanish equivalents. English-Spanish alphabetical arrangement is
used. BILINDEX is perfectly aware of the difficulty in establishing
Spanish geographic and personal authority names. Thus, we have
included them—-and will continue to include them—-as cancelled
items, to maintain the purity of the file in relation to
LCSH.
Spanish Personal Names
A guide for establishing Spanish personal names highlights special
problems that the cataloger may encounter when verifying and
assigning names. Form and choice is presented along with
authoritative sources for name verification. For the present,
Spanish personal and geographic names have been included with the
cautionary indication of CANCEL:. The LCSHL does not include name,
geographic or personal, authority headings, unless these are also
subject headings. BILINDEX is perfectly aware of the difficulty in
establishing Spanish authority names, geographic and personal.
Thus, we have included them—-and will continue to include them—-as
cancelled items, to maintain the purity of the file in relation to
LCSH.
Filing Order
xvii
The Spanish-English portions of this work, including the Main List
are arranged alphabetically according to Spanish language filing
rules. These rules conform to the ALA Filing Rules of the Filing
Committee, Resources and Technical Services Division, American
Library Association, 1980, with the following modifications: 1) The
basic order of filing is word by word, applied with the
principle "nothing files before something" with spaces and their
equivalents being considered as nothing. The hierarchy is, first:
spaces, dashes, hyphens, periods; second: numerals 0 through 9;
third: letters of the Spanish alphabet, with works that begin with
CH occurring after words that begin with CZ, LL after LZ, when
appearing at the beginning of a word; Ñ after NZ; W following V and
preceding X; last: letters of non-roman alphabets.
The Spanish alphabet contains the following twenty-nine
letters:
a b c ch d e f g h i j k l ll m n ñ o p q r rr s t u v w x y
z
For filing purposes the letter "w" should be added because of its
frequent use in names of foreign origin that appear in Latin
America.
2) Initial definite articles, el, la, los, las, lo in Spanish are
ignored at the beginning of access points. The use of Lo as a
definite article is very restricted and must be carefully
distinguished from its other uses.
3) Compound surnames are filed in accordance with the general rules
stipulated in the ALA Filing Rules. Entry is word by word with the
second surname as the second filing element. When two elements of a
compound surname are separated by a "y", the name is filed as
though the two elements were adjacent.
4) When an ampersand (&) appears, it is filed as a "y."
5) A prefix that is a part of the name of a person is treated as a
separate word unless it is joined directly or by an apostrophe
without a space.
6) In headings beginning with a surname all terms of honor and
address (Monseñor, Sor, Rey, Doña) are disregarded for filing
purposes, and titles of family priority (Padre, Hijo, Primero,
Segundo) are sequenced alphabetically. In terms other than those
beginning with a surname, terms of honor and address are regarded
for filing purposes in the order in which they are present in the
heading.
xviii
ciento."
8) Diacritical marks are treated as if they did not exist, e.g., á,
ó, ú are filed as a, o, u. (Note: ñ is not a diacritic.)
This introduction has presented guidelines for the use of this work
as a cataloging aid. Based on observations of the use for over 20
years, librarians have notified us of many other applications that
can be made with such a list. Its reference uses have included user
orientation for Spanish speaking patrons; a catalog self-help
finding guide; and, at times, as a technical dictionary for
libraries that lacked other resources. It is hoped that this volume
will be used for any purpose that promotes standardization of
terminology and increases communication among its users.
NOTES KEY
Use the following list of Spanish standard phrases and their
English equivalents as a guide to aid in the translation of the
explanatory notes found under Spanish headings in the main section
of this work.
Las obras sobre ... aparecen bajo ... con subdivisión local ...
Works on ... are entered under . . . with local subdivision
...
Las obras sobre ... aparecen bajo ... o bajo el asunto con la
subdivisión Works on ... are entered under ... or under the heading
with subdivision ...
Las que tratan de ... aparecen bajo ... Works on ... are entered
under . . .
Para las obras que tratan ... usase ... Works on ... are entered
under . . .
. . . subdivisión ... bajo ...
... subdivision ... under ...
... subdivision ... under appropriate headings
Usase para las obras sobre ... Here are entered works on/about
...
Usase principalmente para obras de ... Here are entered mainly
works of ...
Usase solamente para las obras . . . Here are entered only works
...
List of Library of Congress Subdivisions with Spanish
Equivalents
Introduction
The following is a partial list of subdivisions which have been
approved by Library of Congress through April 2009, and for
which Spanish language equivalents exist. The list is divided into
two broad categories: free-floating subdivisions and subdivisions
under geographic names. The latter in turn, has three
subcategories: subdivisions used under names of regions, countries,
states, etc., subdivisions used under names of cities, and
subdivisions used under names of bodies of water, streams,
waterways, estuaries, etc.
Library of Congress approved subdivisions which do not appear in
this list will be published in subsequent supplements with their
acceptable Spanish language equivalents.
Library of Congress Free-Floating Subdivisions And Their Spanish
Language Equivalents
Abbreviations Abreviaturas
Abstracts Extractos
Accidents Accidentes
xx
Administration Administración
Analysis Análisis
Anecdotes Anécdotas
Anniversaries, etc. Aniversarios
Art Arte
Atlases Atlas
Authorship Arte de escribir
Biological control (Indirect) Control biológico
Buildings Edificios
xxii
CHANGE: Caricatures and cartoons
Case studies Análisis de casos
Catalogs Catálogos
Collected works—Translations from [name of language] Colecciones de
escritos—Traducciones del [nombre del idioma]
Collected works—Translations into [name of language] Colecciones de
escritos—Traducciones al [nombre del idioma]
Collection and preservation Especímenes—Conservación
Collectors and collecting (Indirect) Coleccionistas y
colecciones
Colonization (Indirect) Colonización
Commerce (Indirect) Comercio
Competitions (Indirect) Concursos
Congresses Congresos, conferencias, etc.
Contracts and specifications (Indirect) Contratos y
especificaciones
Control (Indirect) Control
xxiv
Data processing Procesamiento de datos
Defects Defectos
Design Diseño
Dictionaries Diccionarios
Dictionaries, indexes, etc.
Drama Teatro
Drawings Dibujos
Drying Deshidratación
Dwellings Viviendas
Economic aspects (Indirect) Aspectos económicos
Economic conditions Condiciones económicas
xxvi
Employees Empleados
Equipment and supplies Aparatos y accesorios
Estimates (Indirect) Estimaciones
Exhibitions
Exposiciones
Fires and fire prevention Fuegos y prevención de fuegos
Heating and ventilation Calefacción y ventilación
Historiography Historiografía
History Historia
History—Philosophy
xxviii
Hospitals (Indirect) Hospitales
Inspection Inspección
Instruments Instrumentos
Kings and rulers—Genealogy Reyes y soberanos—Genealogía
Laboratories Laboratorios
Language Lenguaje
Language (New words, slang, etc.) Lenguaje (Neologismos, jerga,
etc.)
Languages Lenguas
Legends Leyendas
Lexicography Lexicografía
Libraries Bibliotecas
Lighting Alumbrado
xxx
Management Dirección y administración
Miscellanea Miscelánea
Models Modelos
Monuments Monumentos
Officials and employees Funcionarios y empleados
xxxii
Officials and employees—Salaries, allowances, etc. Funcionarios y
empleados—Sueldos, pensiones, etc.
Origin Origen
Patents Patentes
Periodicals—Indexes Revistas—Índices
Poetry Poesía
Politics and government Política y Gobierno
Popular works Obras populares
Practice (Indirect) Práctica profesional
Prayer-books and devotions Devocionarios
xxxiv
Professional ethics Ética profesional
Programmed instruction Enseñanza programada
Rates Tarifas
Safety appliances Aparatos de seguridad
Safety measures Medidas de seguridad
Salaries, pensions, etc. (Indirect) Sueldos, pensiones, etc.
Scientific applications Aplicaciones científicas
Social conditions
xxxvi
Societies and clubs Sociedades y clubes
Societies, etc. Sociedades
Sources Fuentes
Statistical services Servicios estadísticos
Tomb Tumba
Toxicology (Indirect) Tóxicos
Technique Técnica
Terminology Terminología
Translation Traducciones
Translations from [name of language] Traducciones del [nombre del
idioma]
Translations from [name of language] —Bibliography Traducciones del
[nombre del idioma] —Bibliografía
Translations into [name of language] Traducciones al [nombre del
idioma]
Translations into [name of language] —Bibliography
xxxviii
Transportation Transporte
Testing Pruebas
Abstracts Extractos
Anecdotes, facetiae, satire, etc. Anécdotas, chistes, sátiras,
etc.
Anniversaries, etc. Aniversarios
Appropriations and expenditures Apropiaciones y gastos
Bibliography Bibliografía
Bio-bibliography Biobibliografía
Biography Biografía
Biography—Portraits Biografía—Retratos
Buildings—Guide-books Edificios—Guías
xl
Commerce (Indirect) Comercio
Description Descripciones
Directories Directorios
Economic policy Política económica
Ethnic relations Relaciones étnicas
xlii
Floods Inundaciones
Government publications Publicaciones oficiales
Historiography Historiografía
History Historia
History—Chronology Historia—Cronología
History—Philosophy Historia—Filosofía
Languages—Phonology Lenguas—Fonología
xliv
Languages—Texts Lenguas—Textos
Libraries Bibliotecas Lighting Alumbrado
Literary collections Colecciones literarias
Officials and employees—Attitudes Funcionarios y
empleados—Actitudes
Parks Parques
Periodicals Revistas
Poetry
Poesía
Popular culture Cultura popular
Population Población
Public works—Accounting Obras públicas—Contabilidad
Social policy Política social
xlvi
Songs and music Canciones y música
Race relations Relaciones raciales
Statistical services Servicios estadísticos
Statistics, Vital Estadística vital
Streets Calles
Study and teaching (Indirect) Enseñanza
Religion—19th century Religion—Siglo XIX
Religion—20th century Religion—Siglo XX
Study and teaching (Secondary) (Indirect) Enseñanza
secundaria
Siege, [date] Sitio, [fecha]
Antiquities Arqueología
Fiction Novela
Puentes Bridges
Discovery and exploration Descubrimiento y exploraciones
Name
xlviii
Nombre
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SUBJECT HEADINGS FOR CHILDREN'S LITERATURE WITH
SPANISH EQUIVALENTS
The following list contains Library of Congress subject headings
for children's literature and their Spanish language equivalents.
The original purpose of the Library of Congress subject headings
for children's literature was to "provide a more appropriate and
in- depth subject treatment of juvenile titles and thus offer
easier subject access to the materials." Two criteria guided the
creation of the following Spanish language equivalents: simplicity
of terms and patterns used to establish Spanish language
equivalents for Library of Congress subject headings for adult
literature included in the main section of this work. Considering
that these subject headings for children's literature are
exceptions to the Library of Congress adult subject headings, the
selection of subject headings for children's literature
should be complemented by Library of Congress subject headings for
adult literature and their Spanish language equivalents provided in
this work. Those Library of Congress subject headings for
children's literature not listed here will be included in the
subsequent supplements of additions and changes to be published in
the future.
Accidents Accidentes
Artists Artistas
Australian aborigines Aborígenes australianos
Automata
Bible Biblia
Birth Nacimiento
Animals Animales
Buddha Buda
l
Arachnids Arácnidos
Buses Autobuses
Arthropods Artrópodos
Cabinetwork Ebanistería
Juegos de contar Counting games
Camping Campamento
Date palm Palmera datilera
Cave dwellings Cavernas (Vivienda)
Dead (in religion, folklore, etc.) Muertos (en religión, folklore,
etc..)
Cephalopods Cefalópodos
Chameleons Camaleones
Dictators Dictadores
Childbirth Parto
Diet Dieta
lii
Essayists, American, (French, German, etc.) Ensayistas
estadounidenses, (franceses, alemanes, etc..)
Color variation (Biology) Color—Variación (Biología)
Etiquette Etiqueta
Evolution Evolución
Excretory system Sistema excretorio
Foxes (in religion, folklore, etc.) Zorros (en religión, folklore,
etc..)
Fairies Hadas
Falcons Falcones
liv
Ghost towns Pueblos abandonados
First Aid Primeros auxilios
Fish culture Piscicultura
Guadalupe, Our Lady of Guadalupe, Nuestra Señora de
Flying fish Peces voladores
Folklore, American, (Czech, Jewish, etc.) Folklore estadounidense,
(checoslovaco, judío, etc.)
Health Salud
Hermit crabs Cangrejo ermitaño
Hide-and-seek Escondite
lvi
Horses Caballos
Hummingbirds Colibríes
Ice skaters Patinadores sobre hielo
Light Luz
Lost and found possessions Objetos perdidos
Indians Indios
lvii
Indians of North America, (South America, etc.) Indios de América
del Norte (América del Sur, etc.)
Luck Suerte
Magic tricks Trucos de magia
Intelligence service Servicio de inteligencia
Makeup, Theatrical Maquillaje teatral
lviii
King snakes Serpiente real
Measurement Medición
Mental illness Enfermedades mentales
Mermaids Sirenas
Moon (in religion, folklore, etc..) Luna (en religión, folklore,
etc..)
Motels Moteles
Motorboat racing Carreras de lanchas
Poison ivy Hiedra venenosa
Pond plants Plantas de los estanques
Muscles Músculos
lx
Parades Desfiles
Red squirrels Ardillas rojas
Reproduction Reproducción
Pipelines Tuberías
Planetariums Planetarios
Respiratory system Sistema respiratorio
Robbers and outlaws Ladrones y proscritos
Play Juegos infantiles
lxii
Roe deer Corzos
Roller skating Patinaje sobre ruedas
Songs Canciones
Runaways Prófugos
Sound Sonido
Running Correr
Safety Seguridad
Spaghetti Espagueti
Saints Santos
Speech Habla
Spies Espías
Sea otters Nutria marina
Sects Sectas
Selfishness Egoísmo
lxiv
Sun (in religion, folklore, etc.) Sol (en religión, folklore,
etc)
Shadows Sombras
Survival Supervivencia
Ten commandments Los diez mandamientos
Sleds Trineos
Sleep Sueno
The West
Trucks Camiones
Uncles Tíos
Violinists Violinistas
lxvi
Waterpower Energía hidráulica
Weight control Control de peso
X rays Rayos X
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
General Rules
Inverted Names
If necessary, the various elements of the geographic name are
rearranged so that the substantive portion occurs in the initial
position. English Heading Spanish Name Spanish Heading Amazon River
Valley Valle del Río Amazonas Amazonas, Valle del Río Canary
Islands (Spain) Islas Canarias Canarias, Islas (España)
Initial Articles
The initial article is used on a Spanish geographic heading only if
it is an integral part of the name. When the initial article
is retained for this purpose and the geographic entity is located
in a Spanish-speaking country, the name is inverted.
English Heading Spanish Heading Condes (Chile) Condes, Las (Chile)
Amazons (Brazil) Amazonas (Brazil) Los Angeles (Calif.) Los Angeles
(California)
Qualifiers
Most Spanish and English geographic names include a qualifier which
follows the name and is enclosed in parentheses. This qualifier may
be the name of one or more countries, states, etc. with which the
place is associated or an explanatory word or phrase used to
distinguish the geographic entity from another with the same name.
Qualifiers are assigned for Spanish geographic names at the same
levels used by the Library of Congress for English geographic
names. Names of countries and oceans are usually not qualified. All
explanatory qualifiers are translated into Spanish. The form of a
country, state or other geographic name used as a qualifier is the
same as the form for that geographic entity used as a main
geographic heading, except that no inversions are done on
qualifiers. Unlike the Library of Congress English headings,
Spanish geographic qualifiers contain no abbreviations.
English Heading Spanish Heading
Vienna (Austria) Viena (Austria)
lxviii
Oaxaca (Mexico: State) Oaxaca (México: Estado) Ibiza (Balearic
Islands) Ibiza (Islas Baleares) Alamo (San Antonio, Tex.) Álamo
(San Antonio, Tejas)
Examples for Different Geographic Entities
English Heading Spanish Heading
Region: Patagonia (Argentina and Chile) Patagonia (Argentina y
Chile)
Country: United States Estados Unidos
State: Texas Tejas
Bodies of
Water: Pacific Ocean Pacífico, Océano Amazon River (Brazil)
Amazonas, Río (Brazil)
Valleys: Amazon River Valley Amazonas, Valle del Río Mexico, Valley
of (Mexico) México, Valle de (Mexico)
Coastline: Pacific Coast (United States and Canada)Pacífico, Costa
del (Estados Unidos y Canadá)
Islands: Canary Islands (Spain) Canarias, Islas (España)
Mountains : Guadarrama Mountains (Spain) Guadarrama, Sierra
(España)
Subdivisions
arrangement renders them unnecessary.
Adjectives In English subject headings the use of geographic
adjectives sometimes requires inversion of the elements to insure
that the more important aspect of the headings appears in the
initial position. This inversion is unnecessary in Spanish, as the
adjective naturally follows the noun it modifies.
English Heading Spanish Heading
Cookery, American Cocina estadounidense
The following is a list of the most commonly used geographic
adjectives for use in building Spanish subject headings. All of
these adjectives are given in the masculine singular form. The
gender and number of the adjective should be altered to agree with
those of the noun being modified.
Albanian Basque Czech French albanés vascuence checoslovaco francés
German Belgian Danish Greek alemán belga danés griego Algerian
Bolivian Dominican Guatemalan argelino boliviano dominicano
guatemalteco American Bulgarian Dutch Honduran estadounidense
búlgaro holandés hondureño Angolan Canadian Ecuadorian Hungarian
angoleño canadiense ecuatoriano húngaro Argentine Chilean Egyptian
Indic argentino chileno egipcio Índico Armenian Chinese English
Indonesian armenio chino ingles indonesio Asian Colombian Ethiopian
Iranian asiático colombiano etíope iranio Austrian Costa Rican
Finnish Iraqi austríaco costarricense finlandés iraquí Australian
Cuban Flemish Irish australiano cubano flamenco irlandés
Icelandic Moroccan Romanian Turkish
lxx
japones noruego escandinavo venezolano Khmer Panamanian
Scottish Zambian camboyano panameño escoces zambiano Korean
Pakistani Senegalese coreano paquistaní senegalés Laotian
Paraguayan Spanish laosiano paraguayo español Latin American
Peruvian Spanish American latinoamericano peruano hispanoamericano
Lebanese Philippine Swedish libanes filipino sueco Libyan Polish
Swiss libio polaco suizo Malaysian Portugese Thai malasio portugués
tai Mexican Puerto Rican Tunisian mexicano puertorriqueño
tunecino
SPANISH PERSONAL NAMES
This chapter assumes that the catalog entry should respect both the
intended user of the catalog and the individuals that are
referenced in the file. To yield successful results, the searching
experience should follow a consistent and familiar pattern for the
catalog user. Moreover, the cataloger should respect the author of
a work and the person about which a work is written by choosing to
list the name in the catalog as the person chooses to use it and as
it is used in his or her particular environment. Consequently, the
searcher's task is simplified by limiting the choices of entry
points he or she will consider.
Verification of Names
In any library the process of verification begins when the
cataloger encounters a personal name in a work being cataloged for
the first time by that library. Noting the place and language of
publication, the cataloger analyzes the number and type of
elements that the name contains. If there are multiple elements a
determination is made concerning the presence of a compound
surname. One alternative for the cataloger who is not
Spanish-speaking is to compare the names to lists of common given
names and surnames. If there are three or more elements, do the
first to look like given names? In most cases the last two elements
will be surnames.
Verification in authority sources now begins. Questions that the
cataloger will keep in mind during the search are:
1) Did the individual use his or her complete name in this source?
2) Has the library cited this individual by any other variant
forms? 3) What form would the end user most likely refer to? 4)
Which name form will promote consistency in the catalog and conform
to national or international standards?
A logical first verification search is completed in the library's
local catalog. It is safe to search under all elements of the
surname to account for misunderstood names or outdated rules.
If not found in the collection, the Library of Congress Name
Authority file is the most authoritative and complete source to
use.
The Library of Congress Name Authority (LCNA) list is the primary
source for name verification of Spanish names because of the number
that have been established in the file.* In addition, the Library
of Congress (LC) acts as a standardization source for many American
and international libraries. The LC term, then, is the preferred
choice in most libraries and for Floricanto Press. If a
satisfactory entry is not found in the LCNA then Floricanto Press
uses other verification sources. Establishing a hierarchy of
trusted sources is useful for resolving conflicts when different
name forms appear, or conflicts in birth or death dates.
Consistency, both within the organization and with other libraries
and organizations, is the motivating factor for identifying
authoritative reference sources.
lxxii
Agramento Cortijo, Francisco. Diccionario Cronológico Biográfico
Universal. Aguilar, 1961. Atlas Universal Aguilar. Aguilar, 1954.
Diccionario Enciclopédico Abreviado. Espasa, 1965. Diccionario
Enciclopédico Salvat Universal. Barcelona, Salvat, 1970.
Diccionario Enciclopédico U.T.E. & H.A. México, Union
Tipográfica Editorial Hispano- Americana, 1950-52. Enciclopedia
Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana. Espasa, 1905-33.
*At present the Library of Congress is encouraging addition of new
Spanish names through participation of various national and foreign
organizations that catalog current Spanish language materials and
establish names more quickly than the Library of
Congress.
Other reference sources are used as needed.
Floricanto Press Guidelines for Establishing Spanish Name
Forms
If the name is not found in any of the above sources, Floricanto
Press transcribes it in the form it appears in the item being
cataloged, following the rules in Chapter 22 (Personal Names) of
the Anglo American Cataloging Rules, second edition, with
modifications:**
22.3BC. In choosing the language of the name form for a person
using more than one language and with a self-established Spanish
name form, apply rules 22.3B3 and 22.3C as modified.
22.3BC. Choose the Spanish name form for persons entered under a
given name or for Romans of classical times whose names have become
well-established in Spanish language reference sources:
Rey Felipe II not King Philip lI San Francisco de Asís
not San Francesco d'Assisi not Saint Francis of Assisi
22.3C.Here, use Spanish language reference sources to determine the
name form for persons entered under given name whose name is
in a non-roman script (22.3C1):
Homero not Homerus not Homer
lxxiii
22.5A.General Rule. Enter a name containing a surname under that
surname (see also 22.15A) unless subsequent rules (e.g., 22.6,
22.17, 22.28) provide for entry under a different element.
Determining the Hispanic surname however, may not be
straightforward, as it may consist of more than one element. The
cataloger is instructed to enter the name as that person would use
it.
22.4A.If a person's name (chosen according to 22.1-22.3) consists
of several parts, select as the entry element that part of the name
under which the person would normally be listed in authoritative
alphabetic lists in his or her language or country. In applying
this general rule, follow the instructions in 22.5-22.9. If,
however, a person's preference is known to be different from the
normal usage, follow that preference in selecting the entry
element'.
Preference is given to the person's own choice in selecting the
entry element. If the Hispanic follows the general usage patterns
of his or her country, the entry element is that part of the name
under which the person is usually listed in reference sources,
excluding telephone directories or similar compilations, published
in that person's language or country. Reference sources that list
compound surnames in a uniform style regardless of preference or
customary usage are disregarded by Floricanto Press. Compound
surnames create special problems for catalogers. Rule 22.5C2
states:
Enter a name containing a compound surname under the element by
which the person bearing the name prefers to be entered. If this is
unknown, enter the name under the element under which it is listed
in reference sources in the person's language or country of
residence.
lxxiv
entered. As a general rule, married women whose language is English
are entered under the husband's surname.
Cabello, Myriam Quiroga
Note: Examples illustrating the rules are for information purposes
only and do not necessarily indicate that they are taken from
Floricanto Press's name authority files.
AACR2, Rule 22.5C5: Enter under the first element of the compound
surname (regardless of its nature) if the woman's language is
Spanish. In all other cases, enter under the husband's
surname.
AACR2, 22.5C5 is always applied jointly with the preliminary rule,
22.5C1 for compound names and refer from elements of compound
surnames not chosen as the entry element, as well as the first
entry element:
22.5C4. For Hispanic compound surnames, refer from the first
element of the surname:
Merino Gómez, Martín, 1789-1852 x Merino, Martín, 1789-1852
Hyphenated surnames are treated as are compound names:
22.50. Hyphenated surnames. If the elements of a compound surname
are regularly or occasionally hyphenated, enter under the
first element.
Cabello-Argandoña, Roberto Gómez-Quiñones, Juan.
Often, or occasionally, an author will initialize the final element
of his or her surname.
Again, Floricanto Press establishes the entry as the person chooses
to use his or her name. Initializing of an element preceding
a surname, however, is taken as an indication that the element is
not part of the surname:
Chavarri, Eduardo López (Name sometimes appears as Eduardo L.
Chavarri)
Szentpal, María Sz. (Name appears as Sz, Szentpal María)
lxxv
Campbell, Julia Morilla de (Name sometimes appears as Julia M. de
Campbell)
22.5D 1. Articles and prepositions.
If a surname includes an article or preposition or combination of
the two, enter under the element most commonly used as entry
element in listings in the person's language or country of
residence.
SPANISH. If the prefix consists of an article only, enter under it.
Las Heras, Manuel Antonio
Enter all other names under the part following the prefix.
Figueroa, Francisco de Casas, Bartolomé de las Río, Antonio
del
If such a name is listed in a nonstandard fashion in reference
sources in the person's language or country of residence, enter the
entry element used there.
If a person has used two or more languages, enter the name
according to the language of most of that person's works. In case
of doubt, follow the rules for English if English is one of the
languages. Otherwise, if the person is known to have changed his or
her country of residence, follow the rules for the language
of the adopted country. As a last resort, follow the rules for the
language of the name.
But in the case of surnames with prefixes hyphenated or combined
with surnames, AACR2 Rule 22.5E is followed:
If the prefix is regularly or occasionally hyphenated or combined
with the surname, enter the name under the prefix. As
required, refer from the part of the name following the
prefix.
Del-Mar, Luis x Mar, Luis Del
U.S. Hispanic Name Forms
lxxvi
country of residence. A Hispanic author who writes in English and
resides in the United States may choose to maintain a traditional
Latin American name form. In these cases, Floricanto Press
disregards Rule 22.5CS and enters the name as if the author were
writing in Spanish.
Another U.S. Hispanic author may use his name in a way different
from the way it would be used in the U.S. and different from the
Latin American style:
Joanne del Campo uses her name as: del Campo, Joanne
Again we emphasize the importance of establishing the form of name
as the person wishes to use his or her name.
Additions to Personal Names
The following AACR2 rules with modifications are followed by
Floricanto Press: for Christian saints:
22.13. Use the words "San" and "Santa" Teresa de Jesús, Santa,
1515-1582 Francisco de Asís, San, 1182-1226
22.14. Use the word "Espíritu" for spirit communication.
22.17A 1. Use a Spanish title if a suitable Spanish equivalent is
available for the monarch:
Napoleón I, Emperador de los franceses, 1769-1821 Felipe II,
Rey de España, 1527-1598
22.17A4. Add an available and suitable Spanish title of a consort
of a ruler followed by "consorte de" with the name of the
ruler:
Nur Jahan, consorte de Jahangir, Emperador de Indostán
22.17A5. Use an available and suitable Spanish title for the
children and grandchildren of rulers:
Eulalia, Infanta de España Carlos, Príncipe de Asturias
lxxvii
Use the terms "hijo de", "hija de", "nieta de" and "nieto de" with
the name and title of the parent or grandparent.
22.17B. Add the designation "Papa" with the names of popes:
Pio XII, Papa, 1876-1958
22.17C. Add an available and suitable Spanish title for
ecclesiastical officials identified by given name. Use "Arzobispo"
for archbishops, "Obispo" for bishops, "Cardenal" for cardinal-
bishops, cardinal-priests, and cardinal-deacons.
22.17D. Use spellings found in Spanish language dictionaries for
titles in the vernacular for other persons of religious
vocations entered under given names.
22.18. Record dates in the same form as shown under this rule with
the following exceptions:
AACR2 example: Spanish form:
Smith, John, 1900 Jan. 10 Smith, John, 1900 enero 10 Smith, John,
b. 1825 Smith, John, n. 1825 Smith, John, d. 1825 Smith, John, m.
1825 Joannes, Diaconus, 12th cent Joannes, Diaconus, siglo
XII
22.19A. Devise a Spanish term or brief phrase to distinguish
between identical given names when dates are not available: Adan
(Personaje bíblico)
22.21-22. As mentioned above, neither Spanish romanization tables
nor particular Spanish language reference sources have been
identified for dealing with names in non-roman scripts and for
non-European language names. Presently, Floricanto Press chooses
the romanized name forms used for the English language name form
for those names not found in Spanish language reference
sources.
lxxviii
Ab intestato véase Derecho sucesorio
Aba véase Patriarcas
Abacá [N] Manila hemp x Cáñamo de Manila xx
Cáñamo
Abacerías [B] Grocery trade va Supermercados x
Abarrotes — Comercio
Abastos — Comercio Casa de abastos
Víveres — Comercio
Abachí véase Piña
Matemáticas — Instrumentos
Page 80
Abada véase Rinocerontes
Abadíes + [N] Úsase para obras que tratan de los seguidores y
descendientes de Mohamed ben Ismael ben Abad fundador del Califato
de Sevilla, España, en el siglo XI xx Imperio Islámico
Abadías [B] Abbeys va Catedrales
Conventos Monasterios
Abadías benedictinas, [cistercienses, ETC.] [N]
Benedictine Abbeys
Abalone Abalone x Oreja marina
Oreja de San Pedro
CHANGE: Abandono del hogar + [B] Desertion and
non-support va Asistencia a los hijos
Asistencia conyugal Cónyuges Patria potestad
x Familia — Abandono
Hogar — Abandono Soporte a los hijos Soporte
conyugal Separación de cuerpos (legal)
xx Cónyuges Derecho de Familia Divorcio Sustento (Derecho de
familia)
Abandono (Derecho Marítimo) [N] Use subdivisiones geográficas. Use
geographic subdivisions Abandonment (Maritime law)
Abandono de niños + [B] Child abandonment
Abanicos [B] Fans
Abarrotes — Comercio véase Abacerías
Abasíes véase Abasidas
Abastecedores + [B] Supplies and suppliers Úsase para obras que
tratan de agentes intermediarios de productos primarios y de
agrícolas. Para productos secundarios, excluyendo servicios, véase
PROVEEDORES. Para aquellos que proveen productos
manufacturados durables véase bajoDISTRIBUIDORES. Para aquellos que
proveen productos y servicios con valores agregados,
particularmente en el área de computación, véase bajo PROVEEDORES
DE VALORES AGREGADOS (VAR=Value Added Resellers). Para obras
sobre aquellos que proveen servicios de soluciones con valores
agregados, particularmente en el área de computación, véase
bajo PROVEEDORES DE SERVICIOS APLICADOS (PSA)
(ASP=Application Service Providers)
Abastecimiento de agua + [B] Water supply
Page 82
Úsase para las obras sobre investigación de los recursos
hidrográficos de una región, tanto superficiales como subterráneos.
Here are entered works on water resources both superficial and
underground, primarily for domestic, manufacturing, or agricultural
purposes. Principalmente con referencia al abastecimiento de agua
para fines domésticos e industriales. Para las obras sobre abasto
de agua de una ciudad determinada véase la
subdivisión —ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA (Water-supply)bajo el
nombre de ciudad u otra entidad política, como condado, provincia,
departamento, etc. va Acueductos
Aguas lluvias Calidad del agua—Control Consumo de agua
Contaminación del agua Depósitos para agua Embalses Escurrimiento
Estaciones de bombeo Evaporación (Meteorología) Influencias
forestales Medición de corrientes Pozos Pozos artesianos Presas
Purificación del agua Regiones áridas Reutilización del agua Riego
Torres para tanques de agua Utilización del agua
y la subdivisión Abastecimiento de agua bajo ciudades x
Agua — Abastecimiento
Suministro de agua xx Conservación de agua
BILINDEX– GENERAL
Page 83
Servicios públicos
Abastecimiento de agua caliente + [N] Hot-water supply va
Calentadores de agua
Abastecimiento de agua potable + [B] Drinking water
supply
Abastecimiento de agua rural + [B] Water-supply, Rural x
Agua — Abastecimiento rural
Abastecimiento de alimentos véase Alimentos—Abastecimiento;
Mercados
Abastecimiento de leche + [B] Milk supply and storage
va Higiene de la leche x Leche — Abastecimiento
xx Control de alimentos
Abastecimientos militares + [B] Military supplies va
Ejércitos—Proveeduría
Requisiciones x Ejércitos — Abastecimiento xx
Movilización industrial
CHANGE: Abastos, Mercado de + [B] Wholesale grocery trade va
Alimentos—Abastecimiento;
Mercados Abastos—Comercio
Abdera (España) Abdera (Spain)
Page 84
x Vientre xx Vísceras
Laparotomía
Abdomen agudo Angina abdominal Dolor abdominal
Abdomen—Examen [N] Abdomen — Exams va
Laparoscopía
Abdomen—Radiografías xx
Abdomen — Enfermedades
Abdomen—Radiografías + [N]
Abdomen — X-Rays xx
Abdomen — Cirugía
Abdomen — Enfermedades Dolor abdominal
Abecedario véase Alfabeto
Abedul (Botánica) + [B] Birch tree (Botany)
Abeja melífera + [B] Honeybee va Apicultura
Cera de abejas Miel de abejas
xx Apicultura Himenópteros Sociedades de insectos
Abejas + [B] Bees va Apicultura
Cera de abejas Miel de abejas
xx Apicultura Himenópteros Sociedades de insectos
Abejas — Cría véase Apicultura
Abejas, Cera de véase Cera de abejas
Abejeras + [N] Apiary Úsase para obras que tratan de la ,
mantención, y comercialización de las abejas y sus productos. Para
obras que tratan de la cría y reproducción de las abejas
véase bajo APICULTURA va Apicultura
Cera de abejas Miel de abejas
xx Apicultura Himenópteros Sociedades de insectos
Abencerrajes + [B] Abencerrajes
Page 86
Úsase para obras que tratan sobre la familia mora que fue famosa en
España por su rivalidad con la familia de los Cegríes, análoga a la
rivalidad de los Capuletos y Montagues va Cegríes
Cegríes y Abencerrajes Úsase para obras que tratan sobre las
rivalidades y antagonismos entre estas dos familias
Rivalidades familiares
Óptica
Aberraciones de los cromosomas véase
Cromosomas—Anormalidades
Aberraciones mentales véase Psicopatología; Psiquiatría
Aberraciones sexuales véase Perversiones sexuales
Abidján (Costa de Marfil) + [B] Abidjan (Ivory Coast)
Abintestato véase Derecho sucesorio
Abismos negros (Astronomía) [B] Black holes (Astronomy)
x Agujeros negros (Astronomía)
Hoyos negros (Astronomía) xx Estrellas
Ablación véase Extirpación (Cirugía)
atmósfera xx Aerotermodinámica
Calor latente de evaporación Puntos de fusión Transferencia de masa
Transmisión del calor
Ablactación véase Destete
Ablandamiento de agua véase Agua—Ablandamiento
Abnegación + [B] xx Altruismo
Abogados + [B] Lawyers va Colegios de abogados
Ética legal Jueces Práctica forense
x Juristas Letrados Licenciados Profesión legal
xx Servicios legales
Page 88
Abogados, Guías de
Abogados—Honorarios + [B] Lawyers — Fees
x Honorarios legales va Costas (Derecho)
Abogados — Práctica forense véase Práctica
forense
Abogados, Colegios de véase Colegios de abogados
Abogados en la política + [B] Lawyers in politics
xx Participación política
Abogados fiscales véase Fiscales
CHANGE: Abolición de la esclavitud + [N] Abolition va
Abolicionistas
Esclavitud
Esclavitud — Abolición
Abono orgánico + [B] Organic fertilizers
Abono verde + [B] xx Cultivos de cobertura
Fertilizantes orgánicos Fijación del nitrógeno Inoculación de
suelos
Abonos + [B] Fertilizers and manures va Abono del contenido
de letrinas
Abono orgánico Abono verde Abonos nitrogenados Amoníaco como
fertilizante Cal Cianamida Composta Encalado de suelos Energía
nuclear en la agricultura Enfermedades carenciales (Plantas)
Fertilizantes de pescados Fosfatos Guano Humus Nitratos
Nitrificación Potasa Química agrícola Sal Suelos—Fertilidad Turba
Yeso
Véase además la subdivisión ABONOS bajo el nombre de cultivos,
ej. CAFÉ—ABONOS x Estiércol
Fertilizantes xx Abono agrícola
Page 90
Abonos—Esparcidores + [N] Fertilizer Sprayers x
Esparcidores de abonos
Abonos de jardines + [B] Fertilizers, Garden va
Composta
Abonos de potasa véase Potasa; Potasio—Abonos
Abonos nitrogenados + [B] xx Abonos
Abonos—Conservación y almacenamiento + [B] xx
Ingeniería agrícola
Abonos—Industria y comercio + [B] Fertilizer industry va Los
nombres de abonos, ej. NITRATOS
Abordaje + [B] Collision at sea va Naufragios
Salvamento (Derecho Marítimo) Colisiones marítimas Choques de
barcos
xx Derecho marítimo Desastres Naufragios
Navegación Salvamento (Derecho marítimo)
Abordaje—Prevención + [B] Collision at sea — Prevention
xx Señales marítimas
BILINDEX– GENERAL
Page 91
como la subdivisión —ABORÍGENES, bajo continentes, regiones y
países, Nueva ZELANDIA—ABORÍGENES; excepto para América, donde se
usa la palabra INDIOS seguida del nombre geográfico, ej. INDIOS DE
AMÉRICA DEL SUR, INDIOS DE MÉXICO, ETC.
Aborígenes australianos Australian aborigenies
Control natal Delitos contra la persona Embarazo juvenil
Feto — Muerte Infanticidio Limitación de nacimientos
Muerte fetal Obstetricia Sexo y Derecho
Aborto—Aspectos políticos [N] Abortion — Political
aspects
Aborto—Aspectos religiosos—Iglesia Católica [N]
Abortion — Religious
aspects — Catholic Church x Iglesia Católica y
aborto xx Iglesia y problemas sociales
Aborto en los animales + [B] Abortion in animals va
Brucelosis bovina x Animales — Aborto xx
Ganado vacuno — Enfermedades
Veterinaria
Page 92
Aborto por dilatación y extracción—Estados
Unidos ( Dilatation and extraction
abortion — United States)
Aborto por dilatación y
extracción—Legislación ( Dilatation and extraction
abortion — Law and legislation)
Aborto por dilatación y extracción—Métodos ( Dilatation
and extraction abortion — Methods)
Aborto por dilatación y extracción—Aspectos éticos y
morales ( Dilatation and extraction
abortion — Moral and ethical aspects)
Aborto por dilatación y extracción—Aspectos
políticos ( Dilatation and extraction
abortion — Political aspects)
Aborto por dilatación y extracción—Aspectos políticos—Estados
Unidos ( Dilatation and extraction
abortion — Political aspects — United
States)
Aborto séptico + [B]
Abreviaturas + [B] Abbreviations va Acrónimos
Cifras y claves Símbolos Taquigrafía
y la subdivisión ABREVIATURAS bajo asuntos, ej.
QUÍMICA—ABREVIATURAS x Braquigrafía
Contracciones Siglas
Abreviaturas técnicas véase Tecnología—Abreviaturas y bajo
ramas o asuntos tecnológicos, ej.: Ingeniería
acústica—Abreviaturas
Abrigos + [B] Coats xx Prendas de vestir
Sastrería
Absceso hepático amibiano véase Hígado—Abscesos
Abscesos + [B] Abcess x Supuración Véase además
la subdivisión ABSCESOS bajo órganos y regiones del cuerpo,
ej. CEREBRO—ABSCESOS xx Absceso cerebral
Supuración Úlceras
Page 94
xx Agricultura — Aspectos económicos Impuestos
Reforma agraria Tenencia de la tierra
Absolución (Derecho penal) + [B] Acquitals xx
Procedimiento penal
Absolución (Religión) + [B] Absolution va
Confesión
Indulgencias Penitencia (Sacramento) Perdón de los pecados
xx Confesión Indulgencias Penitencia (Sacramento) Perdón de
los pecados
Absolutismo + [B] Absolutism va Despotismo
Despotismo ilustrado Monarquía absoluta
Absoluto, Lo [B] Absolute, The x Lo absoluto xx
Metapsíquica
Ontología
xx Digestión Física biológica Fisicoquímica Fisiología
CANCEL: Química fisiológica véase Gases—Absorción y
adsorción
Absorción atómica — Espectroscopia véase
Espectroscopia de absorción atómica
Absorción de gases véase Gases—Absorción y
adsorción
Absorción de la luz + [B] Absorption of light
x Luz — Absorción xx Luz
Óptica
Absorción del agua por las plantas + [B] va Agua requerida
por las plantas x Plantas — Absorción del agua
xx Fisiología vegetal
Relación planta-agua
Absorción del sonido + [B] Absorption of sound va
Arquitectura—Acústica
Ingeniería de sonido Sonido—aislamiento
x Sonido — Absorción xx
Arquitectura — Acústica
Sonido
Absorción, Espectros de véase Espectros de
absorción
Page 96
Psicología Psicología pedagógica Psicopedagogía
Abstracting véase Extractos—Redacción
Abuelos—Deberes y derechos Abuelos (Hombres)
xx Familia CANCEL:
Abuelos—Deberes y derechos Abuelos (Hombres) Bisabuelos
xx Familia CANCEL:
Abuelos (Hombres) Bisabuelos
xx Familia CANCEL:
Abuelos como padres—Deberes y derechos Grandparenting
Abuelos (Hombres) + [B] Grandfathers va Abuelas
Abuelos—Deberes y derechos Bisabuelos
xx Familia CANCEL:
Aburrimiento + [B] Boredom va Atención xx Atención,
Falta de
Fatiga mental
Abuso de autoridad véase Autoritarismo; Dictadores
Page 98
clase personas, ej. ESTUDIANTES—USO DE DROGAS. va Abuso de
medicamentos
Abuso de sedantes Adicción a narcóticos Alcoholismo Drogas
alucinógenas Drogas y ancianos Drogas y jóvenes Drogas y medios de
comunicación de masas Drogas y mujeres Drogas y niños Drogas y sexo
Errores de medicación Estimulantes Marihuana Predicción de la
drogadicción
x Drogadicción Drogas, Abuso de Farmacodependencia
xx Errores de medicación
x Toxicomanía — Tratamiento
Abuso de drogas legales Medication abuse
Abuso de drogas y crimen + [B] Drug abuse and crime x
Crimen y abuso de drogas
Drogas, Uso excesivo de xx Criminología
Delitos Combate contra el abuso de drogas Combate contra el tráfico
de drogas Combate contra el comercio de drogas
Abuso de la esposa + [B] Wife abuse
BILINDEX– GENERAL
Page 99
x Esposa — Abuso Maltrato a la esposa Ultraje a la
esposa
xx Agresividad (Psicología) Delitos contra la mujer
Violación conyugal Violencia conyugal
Abuso de medicamentos + [B] Úsase para las obras sobre el
abuso de drogas terapéuticas. Obras sobre el abuso de drogas en
general, tales como bromuros, cafeína, sedantes, alcohol, LSD,
marihuana y narcóticos entran bajo ABUSO DE DROGAS. Obras
limitadas a la adicción a narcóticos tales como opio, morfina,
codeína, cocaína y heroína aparecen bajo TOXICOMANÍA x Drogas
terapéuticas — Abuso
Medicamentos — Abuso xx Abuso de drogas
Errores de medicación
Abuso de niños [B] Child abuse va Abandono de niños
Adultos víctimas de abuso de niños Derecho civiles de los niños
Disciplina infantil Niños semi-abandonados Niños carentes de
supervisión doméstica postescolar ( Latch-key children)
Síndrome del maltrato infantil
x Abuso infantil Crueldad con niños Maltrato de niños
Niños — Abuso
xx Manejo de niños Trabajo social con niños Violencia en el
matrimonio Violencia en la familia
Page 100
Sedantes
Abuso de substancias (Química) [B] Substance abuse va Abuso de
medicamentos
Abuso de sedantes Adicción a narcóticos Alcoholismo Drogas
alucinógenas
Abuso del derecho véase Encarcelamiento ilegal; Exceso del poder
(Derecho administrativo); Hábeas Corpus
Abuso infantil véase Abuso de niños
Acabado de madera véase Madera—Acabado va Barnices
Colorantes para madera Esmaltes Lacas Muebles—Acabados
Muebles—Pulimento Pulidoras Veteado
xx Pintura industrial Pulimento y acabado Trabajos en
madera
Acabado de metales + [B] Metal finishing va Pintura de
metales
Pulimento electrolítico
Metales — Pulimento xx Esmaltes
Acabado de muebles + [B] xx
Madera — Acabado
Acabado textil véase Telas—Acabado
Acabado y pulimento véase Pulimento y acabado
Academias de música véase Conservatorios de música
Academias literarias véase Academias y sociedades literarias
x Sociedades literarias
Academias militares véase Academias y escuelas militares;
Educación militar
Academias y escuelas militares + [B] Military academies
va Academias y escuelas aéreas
Academias y escuelas navales Academias y escuelas de Policías
Page 102
Academias, sociedades doctas, etc. + [B] Learned institutions
and societies Véase además la subdivisión ACADEMIAS,
SOCIEDADES DOCTAS, ETC. bajo los nombres de países,
ciudades, etc. y la subdivisión SOCIEDADES bajo
asuntos, ej. BOTÁNICA—SOCIEDADES + [B] x
Ateneos
Corporaciones eruditas Corporaciones sabias Instituciones doctas
Sociedades doctas
xx Asociaciones Asociaciones de profesionales y técnicos
Erudición Sociedades científicas
Acadios + [B] Akkadians (Pueblo semítico, que no debe
ser confundido con los sumerios, pueblo no semítico llamado
“Acadio” por los primeros asiriólogos)
Acadios (Sumerios) véase Sumerios
Acalasia del cardias véase Cardioespasmo
Acámbaro (México : Puente) [N] Acambaro (Mexico: Bridge)
x Puente Acámbaro xx Puentes — México
Acampar + [B] Camping
Acantosis nigricans xx
Pigmentación — Desórdenes
CHANGE: Acaparamiento + [N] Hoarding
Especulaciones mercantiles Especulaciones bursátiles Monopolios
Trust industriales
Acaricidas + [B] xx Insecticidas
Acaros vectores + [B] va Garrapatas vectores xx
Artrópodos vectores
Acarreadoras véase Transportadoras mecánicas
Page 104
Accesión (Derecho) + [B] Accession (Law) va Acrecencia
xx Acreencia
Confusión de bienes Especificación (Derecho civil)
xx Acrecencia Adquisición de la propiedad
Acceso a aeropuertos + [N] va Aeropuertos—Carreteras de acceso
x Aeropuertos — Vías de acceso
Transporte a aeropuertos Vías de acceso a aeropuertos
xx Aeropuertos Transporte urbano
Acceso transparente a redes de computadoras + [B] Transparent
network access va Redes de computadoras—Medidas de seguridad
Sistemas de seguridad en Internet
CANCEL: Accesorios de automóviles véase Automóviles—Aparatos y
accesorios
Accesorios de automóviles véase Automóviles—Aparatos y
accesorios
Accesorios de fijación (Tecnología) + [B] xx Procesos de
manufactura
Accesorios de oficina véase Oficinas—Aparatos y
accesorios
Accesorios eléctricos véase Electricidad—Aparatos e
instrumentos
Accesorios para niños lactantes [N] Infants' supplies va
Accesorios para infantes Úsase para obras sobre la primera etapa de
la niñez cuando los niños aún no articulan el lenguaje. x
Mercancías para niños lactantes
Niños lactantes — Aparatos xx Niños
lactantes
Accidentes + [B] Accidents va Ahogados
Ambulancias Asfixia Asistencia en emergencias Caídas (Accidentes)
Choque (Medicina) Desastres Desastres en barcos a vapor Desastres
marítimos Emergencias médicas Empleos peligrosos Envenenamiento
accidental Explosión de calderas de vapor Explosiones Impedidos
físicamente Incendios Medicina de urgencia Naufragios Negligencia
Primeros auxilios Quemaduras Rayos atmosféricos Responsabilidad
patronal Salvamento de vidas Servicio de ambulancia Shock
Traumatismo
Page 106
Venenos
Véase además la subdivisión —ACCIDENTES bajo distintos
asuntos, ej. INDUSTRIA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN—ACCIDENTES;
TEATROS—ACCIDENTES; también la subdivisión ACCIDENTES Y
LESIONES bajo deportes y juegos, ej. FÚTBOL—ACCIDENTES Y
LESIONES; y además la subdivisión —HERIDAS, LESIONES,
ETC. bajo partes del cuerpo, ej. PIES—HERIDAS, LESIONES, ETC.
x Emergencias
Lesiones Lesiones (Derecho)
Accidentes—Legislación + [B] Accident (Law) va Actos
ilícitos
Aviación—Accidentes Compensación Culpa recíproca Daños y perjuicios
Infracciones de tránsito Lesiones corporales Negligencia
Pirotecnia—Legislación Responsabilidad patronal Responsabilidad por
accidentes aéreos Responsabilidad por accidentes deportivos
Responsabilidad por accidentes de tránsito Responsabilidad por
accidentes de la construcción Responsabilidad por accidentes de
minas Responsabilidad por accidentes escolares Responsabilidad por
accidentes marítimos Señales de tránsito
Tránsito—Accidentes—Responsabilidad Tránsito—Infracciones
Accidentes—Prevención + [B]
Accidents — Prevention va Seguridad industrial
Véase además las subdivisiones APARATOS DE SEGURIDAD y
MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD bajo asuntos, ej.: FÁBRICAS—APARATOS DE
SEGURIDAD; AERONÁUTICA—MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD x Prevención de
accidentes xx Aparatos de seguridad
Accidentes — Primeros auxilios véase Primeros
auxilios
Accidentes — Seguros véase Seguros contra
accidentes
Accidentes aéreos véase Aviación—Accidentes;
Aviación—Accidentes—Responsabilidad
Accidentes agrícolas véase Agricultura—Accidentes
Accidentes automovilísticos véase Automóviles—Accidentes
Accidentes de barcos atómicos véase Barcos atómicos
Accidentes de barcos de carga véase Barcos de carga
Accidentes de barcos de motor véase Barcos de
motor
Page 108
Accidentes industriales véase Industria—Accidentes;
Industria—Medidas de seguridad
Accidentes de oficina véase Oficinas—Accidentes;
Oficinas—Medidas de seguridad
Accidentes de trabajo véase Trabajo—Accidentes
Accidentes de minas véase Minas—Accidentes
Accidentes por electricidad véase Electricidad—Accidentes
Accidentes de tránsito véase Tránsito—Accidentes
Accidentes deportivos véase Deportes—Accidentes
Accidentes domésticos véase Hogar—Accidentes
Accidentes de la construcción véase Industria de la
construcción—Accidentes; Industria de la construcción—Medidas
de seguridad; Industria de la
construcción—Accidentes — Responsabilidad;
Accidentes en casa véase Hogar—Accidentes
Accidentes en masa
Accidentes de minas de carbón véase Minas de
carbón—Accidentes
Accidentes escolares + [B] Úsase para accidentes de escolares
y estudiantes fuera de la escuela, pero que ocurren dentro del
ámbito escolar. Para accidentes dentro de la escuela úsase
ESCUELAS—ACCIDENTES va Escuelas—Accidentes
Accidentes industriales véase Industria—Accidentes;
Industria—Medidas de seguridad
Accidentes infantiles véase Niños—Accidentes;
Infantes—Accidentes
Page 110
Acción católica + [B] Catholic Action va Democracia
cristiana
Juventud Católica Opus Dei
Humanismo cristiano Seglares Sociología cristiana Teología
pastoral
CANCEL Acción civil véase Procedimiento civil
Acción civil + [B] va Procedimiento civil
Tribunales civiles x Cortes civiles
Demanda civil xx Derecho civil
Acción (Derecho) + [B] Actions and defenses va
Actos ilícitos
Costas (Derecho) Defensa penal Equidad (Derecho) Formularios
legales Legítima defensa Procedimiento civil Prueba (Derecho)
Reivindicación
x Acciones (Derecho) Acciones jurídicas
Acción (Derecho canónico) + [B] Actions and defenses (Canon
law)
Acción (Derecho romano) + [N] Actions and defenses
(Roman law)
Acción en arte véase Acción en el arte
Acción en el arte + [B] Action in Art x
Acción en arte xx Locomoción animal
CANCEL Acción penal véase Procedimiento penal
Acción penal + [B] va Procedimiento penal
Acción popular (Derecho) + [B] xx Pleitos
populares
Acción real + [B] xx Almirantazgo
Acción social + [B] Social action va Asistencia social
Conducta colectiva Legislación social Servicio social
Page 112
Problemas sociales Servicio social Trabajo social
Acción y defensa (Derecho) + [B] va Acciones
matrimoniales
Acciones separadas Acciones posesorias Actos ilícitos Apropiación
ilícita de bienes (Derecho) Conducta en el caso (Derecho) Costas
(Derecho) Declaración (Derecho) Declaración (Derecho)—Impedimentos
Declaración de hechos Defensa (Procedimiento penal) Defensa civil
Demanda de propiedades Demandantes privados Demandas populares
(Class action suit) Demandas (Procedimiento civil) Demandas
(Procedimiento penal) Deportación Equidad (Derecho) Evidencia
(Derecho) Formularios legales Infracciones Legítima defensa
Limitación de acción Partes de la acción (Derecho) Procedimiento
civil Recursos (Derecho) Recursos extraordinarios (Derecho)
Reivindicación Usurpación (Derecho)
x Acciones (Derecho) Acciones jurídicas Acciones personales
Defensa (Derecho) Litigar Pleitos (Derecho)
Procedimiento civil
Acción y defensa (Derecho internacional privado) + [B]
Acción y defensa (Derecho romano) + [N]
Acciones (Bolsa) + [B] Stock s va
Accionistas
Bolsa de valores Bonos Certificados de valores Compañías Dividendos
Seguros de valores comerciales Sociedades anónimas Valores
xx Accionistas Bolsas de valores Bonos Compañías
Compañías — Legislación Inversiones Valores
Acciones (Bolsa) — Seguros véase Seguros de valores
comerciales
Page 114
Acciones ejecutivas véase Ejecución (Derecho civil)
Acciones jurídicas véase Acción (Derecho); Acción y defensa
(Derecho)
Acciones matrimoniales + [B] va Divorcio xx Acción y defensa
(Derecho)
Derecho de familia
Acciones posesorias + [B] xx Acción y defensa
(Derecho)
Acciones separadas + [B] xx Acción y defensa (Derecho)
Accionistas + [B] Stockholders va Acciones (Bolsa)
xx Acciones (Bolsa)
Compañías Compañías — Legislación
BILINDEX– GENERAL
Page 115
Aceite véase Aceites minerales; Aceites y grasas y bajo tipos
específicos Aceites vegetales; Aceites sintéticos; Aceites y
grasas
Aceite—Análisis + [N] xx Aceites y grasas
Aceite — Restauración véase Recuperación de aceites
usados
Aceite combustible véase Aceite como combustible; Petróleo
como combustible
Aceite de arroz + [B] Rice oil x Arroz, Aceite
de
Aceite de bacalao + [B] va Aceite de ballena
Aceite de pescado xx Aceite de pescado
Aceite de ballena Aceites de animales marinos
Aceite de ballena + [B] va Aceite de bacalao
Aceite de pescado xx Aceite de pescado
Aceite de ballena Aceites de animales marinos
Aceite de bergamota + [B] xx Aceites de cítricos
Perfumes
Page 116
Aceite de chaulmugra + [B] Chaulmugra Oil x
Chalmogra, Aceite de
Chaulmugra, Aceite de
Aceite de higuerilla véase Aceite de ricino
Aceite de linaza + [B] Linseed-oil x Linaza, Aceite de
xx Aceites secantes
Aceites y grasas
Esencias
Aceite de oliva + [B] va Aceite de oliva (Cocina) x Oliva,
Aceite de xx Aceitunas
Olivos
Aceite de palma + [B]
Aceite de pescado + [B] va Aceite de ballena
Aceite de bacalao x Aceite de hígado de pescado
Pescado, Aceite de xx Aceites de animales marinos
Productos pesqueros
Ricino, Aceite de
Aceite de semilla de algodón + [B] xx Industrias
oleaginosas
Productos de semillas de algodón Aceite de soya + [B]
Soy bean oil x Soya, Aceite de xx Aceites
secantes
Aceite del gusano de seda + [B] xx Aceites y grasas
Aceite vegetal como combustible Vegetable oils as fuel
Aceites combustibles + [B] va Combustibles diesel
Filtros para aceite x Lubricación
Aceites como combustibles véase Aceites combustibles
Page 118
Aceites como plaguicidas + [B] xx Plaguicidas
Aceites de animales marinos + [B] Marine animal oils
va Aceite de ballena
Aceite de pescado x Animales marinos, Aceites de xx
Aceites y grasas
Aceites de cítricos + [B] va Aceite de bergamota
Aceite de naranja xx Cítricos — Subproductos
Esencias
Perfumes
Aceites minerales + [B] Mineral oils va Aceites para
aisladores eléctricos
Petróleo x Aceite xx Aceites y grasas
Aceites y grasa — Industria Destilación destructiva
Alquitrán de hulla — Productos Gas Geología económica
Hidrocarburos Industrias oleaginosas Productos de alquitrán de
hulla
Aceites para aisladores eléctricos + [B] xx Aceites
minerales
Aceites y grasas
Aceite de soya xx Aceites y grasas
Revestimientos protectores Secantes
Sulfonación
Aceites volátiles + [B] va Esencias
Perfumes
Aceites y grasas + [B] Oils and fats Úsase para las obras
sobre los aspectos tecnológicos. Para los aspectos económicos se
usa INDUSTRIAS OLEAGINOSAS. Las obras sobre la grasa en sus
relaciones con el organismo animal aparecen bajo GRASA va
Aceite—Análisis
Page 120
x Aceite Aceites vegetales Grasas
xx Destilación destructiva Industria de derretidos Industrias
oleaginosas Lubricantes Productos de alquitrán de hulla
Aceites y grasas—Análisis + [N] Oils and fats
Aceites y grasas—Industria + [B] Oil industries va Industrias
oleaginosas
Aceites y grasas comestibles + [B] Oils and fats, Edible va
Esencias y nombres de aceites y grasas, ej.: Mantequilla x
Grasas comestibles
CANCEL Aceituna Olive
Olivos x Olivo xx Plantas oleaginosas
Aceitunas—Enfermedades y plagas + [N]
Olives — Diseases and pests
Aceitunas—Industria y comercio + [N] Olive industry and trade
Aceitunas (Cocina) + [N] xx Olivo
Aceleración (Fisiología) + [B] Acceleration
(Physiology) xx Medicina espacial
Stress (Fisiología)
Deceleración Desaceleración
Page 122
Ciclotrones Haces de partículas
xx Átomos Electrónica Física nuclear Iones Partícula
(Física nuclear)
Aceleradores de resonancia magnética véase Ciclotrones
Aceleradores electrónicos véase Aceleradores de
partículas
Acelerómetros + [B] va Velocímetros xx
Aeronáutica — Aparatos e instrumentos
Indicadores de velocidad Vibración — Mediciones
Acento véase Acentuación
Música — Acentuación
Acentuación + [B] Accents and accentuation Véase
además la subdivisión Acentuaci&o