Biofísica i Física Mèdica: què podem fer ara? Perspectives · 2013. 2. 14. · Biofísica i...

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XXV ANYS DE TROBADES CIENTÍFIQUES DE LA MEDITERRÀNIA:XXV ANYS DE FÍSICA ALS PAÏSOS CATALANSXXV ANYS DE FÍSICA ALS PAÏSOS CATALANS

MAÓ, 3 i 4 D’OCTUBRE DE 2009

Biofísica i Física Mèdica: què podem fer ara? Biofísica i Física Mèdica: què podem fer ara? PerspectivesPerspectivesPerspectivesPerspectives

Daniel NavajasUnitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria

Facultat de MedicinaFacultat de Medicina

Medical PhysicsyBiophysics

Biomedical EngineeringBioengineeringBioengineering

Physics Biology

Engineering Medicine

BiotechnologyBiotechnologyNanobiotechnology

Computational BiologyS t Bi lSystems Biology

Radiotherapy

X-Ray Therapy 1925

Radium Therapy

A. H. Becquerel, P. Curie and M. CurieA Nobel Prize in Physics - 1903A. Nobel Prize in Physics - 1903

Linear accelerator

1940

X-ray Imaging1940

Shoe-Fitting Fluoroscope1930 - 1950

Wilhelm Röntgen's first "medical" X-ray, of his wife's hand, 1895 1930 1950y, ,

Nobel Prize in Physics -1901

Computed Tomography

The prototype CT scannerG N Hounsfield – 1968G. N. Hounsfield – 1968

A. M. Cormack and G. N. Hounsfield Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979

Circulation Pulmonary Embolus Detection

Nuclear Medicine Imaging

L PET / CT f i i

Positron Emission Tomography - PET

Lung PET / CT fusion image

Magnetic Resonance Imaging F Bl h d E M P l

P Lauterbur and P Mansfield

F. Bloch and E. M. PurcelNobel Prize in Physics 1952

P. Lauterbur and P. MansfieldNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003

First whole body human MR image - 1977

Molecular Imaging CTSPECT/RM CTSPECT/RM

PET (18F)

PET (18F)/CT

a)123I-IBZM (dopamine D2 receptor )b) 123I-ADAM (serotonin transporters )b) 123I ADAM (serotonin transporters )c) 123I-R91150 (serotonin receptor 5HT2A)

Ultrasound Imaging

Doppler carotid artery

Valves of heart ultrasound

Optical Microscopy

Santiago Ramón y CajalNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906

Electron Microscopy

Electron microscope E. Ruska - 1933

Fluorescence microscopy

Advanced microscopy techniques in vivo

Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS)

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer - FRET

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching - FRAP

Total Internal Reflection Microscopy - TIRF

Multiphoton Microscopy

Nature Biotechnology, 2003

Nature Methods, 2005

Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (SNOM)

de Lange et al. J Cell Sci 114:4153, 2001

X-ray Crystallography

Francis Crick - 1955

Crystallographic photo of Sodium Thymonucleate TypeSodium Thymonucleate, Type

B. "Photo 51." May 1952.

Nature 1953

James Watson - 1955Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962

X-ray Crystallography

3D structure of myoglobin

Medical Devices – Mechanical ventilators

Iron Lung 1937 Bird MARK7 1955Iron Lung 1937

Drager E52 Iron Lung 1952

Medical Devices – Pacemaker

The first implantable pacemaker.Karolinska University Hospitaly p

Medical Devices – Artificial Heart

First successful permanent artificial heart - 1982

Self-contained replacement heart - 2001

Jarvik Total Heart - 1986

Microelectronics & Microcomputers

obstetric scanner - 1962

IBM PC - 1981

EEG recorder - 1960

Wireless capsule endoscopy

Capsule

Wireless link

Capsule

Wireless link

Recorder andantennae

Wired linkWired link

Workstation

Nature 2000

Robotic Surgery

Biomaterials

European Medical Technology IndustryEuropean Medical Technology Industry

T t l l f 63000 M€ i 2006 Total sales of 63000 M€ in 2006

1/3 f l b l di l t h l k t (187000 M€) 1/3 of global medical technology market (187000 M€)

Second largest market behind the US Second largest market behind the US

Employed 435 000 people across Europe Employed 435,000 people across Europe

11 000 Companies 80% of them SMEs 11,000 Companies, 80% of them SMEs

Source: EUCOMED - 2009

Richard P. Feynman

Nobel Laureate in Physics, 1965

Th ’ Pl t f R t th B ttThere’s Plenty of Room at the BottomAn Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics

Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society - 1959California Institute of Technology

Atomic Force Microscopy

PHOTODETECTORLASER

The first prototype AFM - 1985LENS

PIEZOACTUATOR

G. Binnig, C. Gerber and C. QuateNobel Prize in Physics - 1986Nobel Prize in Physics - 1986

Molecular and Cellular Imaging with AFM

A459 alveolar epithelial cellp

IgG antibody molecules

250x250 nm

Molecular and Cellular Nanomanipulation with AFM

F

V h d

laser spot

V-shapedcantilever

tipA549 cell

20 μm

Resolving indiviual atoms by Atomic Force Microscopy

AFM imaging of pentacene on Cu(111)

Gross et al. Science, 2009

AFM imaging of pentacene on Cu(111)

Optical Tweezers

RNA polymerase (RNAP) moves along DNA while carrying out t i ti ti l l t

Wang et al. Science 282: 902 (1998)

transcription, acting as a molecular motor.

Magnetic Tweezers

Trepat et al. Nature 447:592-595, 2007

Mechanical properties of the cell play a key role in many critical cellular functionscritical cellular functions

Trepat et al. Nature Physics, 2009

Cells feel and respond to mechanical signalsRoca-Cusachs et al. Biophys J, 2008

http://cordis.europa.eu/nanotechnology/nanomedicine.htm

Label-Free Protein Recognition Two-Dimensional Array Using Nanomechanical Sensorsg

Yue et al Nano Lett 8:520, 2008

Lab-on-a-chip

El-Ali et al Nature 2006

Carbon Nanotubes Detect Lung Cancer Markers in the Breath

Toward Diagnosis of Diseases via Breath Samples

Peng et al. Nano Lett 8:3631, 2008

Quantum dotsQuantum dots

C. Seydel Science 2003

Magnetic nanoparticlesMagnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imagingmolecular imaging

Lee et al. Nature Nanotechnology, 2007

Nanoparticle PET-CT Imaging of Macrophages in Inflammatory AtherosclerosisInflammatory Atherosclerosis

Nahrendorf et al. Circulation, 2008

Multifunctional Nanoparticle Images and Treats Cancer, Reports on Drug Delivery , p g y

PMSA+

PMSAPMSA-

quantum dot (QD) - aptamer (Apt) - doxorubicine (Dox) conjugate

Bagalkot et al. Nano Lett, 2007

Remote control of living cellsNanomagnetic actuation of receptor-mediated signal transductiong p g

Mannix et al Nature Nanotechnology, 2008

Nanoestructured materials for nerve regeneration

Neurons penetrating into a three-dimensional network of the selfnetwork of the self-

assembling nanofibers.

Nature Biotechnology 21: 1137-1143, 2003

Systems Biology

Goh K et al. PNAS, 2007

Physics Biology

Engineering Medicine

There’s Plenty of Room at BioMed

Daniel NavajasDaniel Navajasdnavajas@ub.edu

http://www.ub.edu/biofisica