By: Supakit Prueksaaroon 1 , Wittaya Konghaped 2 , Vara Varavithya 2 , and Sornthep Vannarat 1

การติ�ดติ��งและทดสอบการท�าคล�สเติอร�เสมื�อนบน Xen, ROCKS, และไทยกร�ด Roll

Implementation of Virtualiza tion Clusters based on Xen,

ROCKS, and ThaiGrid RollBy:Supakit Prueksaaroon1, Wittaya Konghaped2, Vara Varavithya2, and Sornthep Vannarat1

1Large-scale Simulation Research Laboratory,National Electronics and Computer Technology Center2Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology North Bangkok

Present byWittaya Konghaped

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology North Bangkok

Agenda

• Introduction to Virtualization technology

• ROCKS Cluster & ThaiGrid Roll

• Virtual Cluster

• Performance Measurement of Virtual Cluster

• Conclusion

Virtualization Concepts

• A further virtualization layer in the middle between OS and HW: Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)

• Allow for multiple concurrent OS instances• Modern PCs are powerful enough for creating the

illusion of several OS virtual machines to run simultaneously

Apps

OS

HW

OS OS

Apps

OS

VMM

Apps

HW

Apps

Introduction to VM technology

• Virtual Machine have 3 technologies• Emulation, full system simulation, or "full virtualization with

dynamic recompilation" — the virtual machine simulates the complete hardware, allowing an unmodified OS for a completely different CPU to be run.

• Native virtualization and "full virtualization" — the virtual machine only partially simulates enough hardware to allow an unmodified OS to be run in isolation, but the guest OS must be designed for the same type of CPU. The term native virtualization is also sometimes used to designate that hardware assistance through Virtualization Technology is used.

• Paravirtualization — the virtual machine does not simulate hardware but instead offers a special API that requires OS modifications.

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine

Full virtualization• There is a complete functional ordering between layers

• Full abstraction of machine (from BIOS to disks, DMA controlers, video…)

• Virtualization is fully transparent: guest OS unchanged

• Much more complex to design and implement

VMM

OS

Applications

Hardware

the interface of HW is fully abstracted

Paravirtualization• Not a really hierachical ordering between layers• Virtualization is similar to HW interface but neither

complete nor identical• Guest OSs must be modified to become VM-aware

• There is a potential gain in performance, due to specialization of kernel code

• Easier to design• But carefully think about interfaces

VMM

OS

Applications

Hardware

this interface is much more critical, now

Benefit of Virtualization for HPC

• Better utilize Hardware resources

• Independent to custom library

• Easy to create/destroy the guest OSs

• The key capabilities for:• High Availability computing resources

• Migration

• The perfect sandbox

ROCKS

• The tools for create the Cluster computer.• Front-node• Compute-nodes

• ROCKS & ROLL architecture

• Features• Cluster tools for management cluster system• Support multiple software for HPC and Grid

• Bio-roll, Grid-roll, Intel-roll, Viz-roll and so on

• Easy re-build and install compute nodes

ThaiGrid Roll

• The complete package of ROCKS and integrated Grid packages for support Grid environment in Thailand.• ThaiGrid Monitoring tools• ThaiGrid CA• ThaiGrid scripts

• Developed by “Thai National Grid Project”

Problems of Native Cluster

• Application porting• Library incompatibility• OS & Software version incompatibility

• Security

• Configuration complexity

• High administrative cost

• Heterogenious operating system support

In this work• Initial Study to implement “Virtual

Cluster”• We implement VM based on ThaiGrid

RollObjectives:• To compare overall performance and get

the measurement for large scale Virtual cluster simulation.

• For ThaiGrid Setup can make use of CPU times for others task such as information Server, DB Server and Co-exist well with Grid Services

Goal• Shared Grid resources and running concurrent with

production resources (Web, Mail, DB server, etc.)

Definition

• Definition of this work• Domain-0 or (Dom-0) is the based OS that Virtual

machines are running on • Domain-U or (Dom-U) is the guest OS that are

running simultaneously with domain-0

OS OS

Apps

OS

Domain-0

Apps

HW

Apps

VMM

Domain-U

Fedora Core 5

Fedora Core 5

Fedora Core 5

Implement concept• Build the ThaiGrid Roll and ROCKS 4.2.1

• Build the prototype Front-end node & Compute node• Install Dom-U image (kernel-xenU 2.6.16-xen3_86.1_rhel4.1)

• Copy Data to image file

• Setup the Dom-0 machine by using Fedora Core 5

• Distributing the images to front-end and all compute nodes

Front-End

Image

Compute Node

Image

Image

Image

Front-end

Compute

Compute

Images Maker• Create the copy of prototype compute node image &

configuration files

• “mount –o loop <IMAGE> <Mount-ponit>

• Edit “/etc/hosts”, “/etc/sysconfig/network”, “/etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-eth0” and so on

• “umount <Mount-point>

• Update SGE or PBS

• “xm create –c config”

Create image

Mount image

Edit all config file

Umount image

Update Scheduler

Boot up

Experiment Details

• 3 nodes of Satellite Cluster• IBM x336 Dual Xeon processors 2.8GHz

• RAM 4GB

• Harddisk SCSI 73GB

• Intel e1000 network interface

• Inter-connection 10/100 Mbps

• HPL benchmark

HPL Benchmarks

Parallel Becnhmark

Conclusion• The result show the performance nearly the native linux

in case of internal machine • High gap-performance in case of parallel machines • Virtual Cluster should be based on High-Throughput

Computing• Xen should be improved the I/O performance• This result of this work use for initial implement of

Virtual Cluster.• Virtualization technology show high potential for HPC

Future Work

• Simulate large-scale virtualization based on this works and projection performance

• Scheduling move to Sandbox scheduling than job scheduling• Security issues• Compatibility issues

• Investigate high throughput application performance on virtualization technology

• Formulate virtualization efficiency for computation intensive scheduling

Acknowledgement

• Thank you ThaiGrid for support the cluster machines.

Thank you & Question

HPL CPU context switch overhead

HPL parameterN=9000NB=64

Percentage of CPU context switch overhead

HPL: Overhead =~ 0.66(NumberDomain-U)SPECCPU2000: Overhead =~0.77(NumberDomain-U)