Chap.14 植物繁殖和發展

Chap.14 植物繁殖和發展Life Science 2010

鄭鄭鄭 (Ayo) 製作

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Reproduction and Life cycles in various plants

Alternation of generations ( 世代交替 ) gametophyte → gametes → sporophyte (2N) green algae ( 綠藻 ) (Fig. 14.1) moss 苔蘚類 (Fig. 14.2) Fern 蕨類 (Fig. 14.3) pine tree 松樹 (Fig. 14.4) flowering plant 顯花植物 (Fig. 14.5)

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單套

有性繁殖

Fig. 14.1 Life cycle of Ulothrix, a green alga

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Fig. 14.1 Life cycle of Ulothrix, a green alga

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配子體孢子體

配子體Fig. 14-2 the moss life cycle.

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配子體

孢子體 Fig. 14.3 the Fern

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隨風授粉

Fig. 14.4 pine tree

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雄蕊

雌蕊 8 個細胞只剩一個

Fig. 14.5 flower

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Fig. 14.6 a pollen

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Essay 14.1 The coevolution of pollen and insects

The insects taking food from one flower after the next, became vehicles for pollen transport.

As time passed, some flowers developed an increasing dependency on the visit of pollen-bearing insects.

In time, plants began to compete for the attention of insects.

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昆虫與花朵的共同演化

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Essay 14.2 make me a flower

Arabis holboilli, 通常是開 blue flowers 。 但偶而的會長出如同黃色的花朵 ( 如圖 ) 。 這種花，其實並不是花。是 rust fungus( 真菌 ) 的寄生， take over the

plant's genetic machinery.

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Essay 14.2 make it yellow

Rust fungus 接掌基因控制，使其快速增長葉片，且是黃色的葉片，形成如同黃花的葉片。 其上有真菌的生殖器官，產生孢子。 且有蜜汁吸引昆虫，來沾粘孢子。

chap.14 Plant reproduction 15Fig. 14-7 Embryonic development

子葉 種皮

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Fig. 14-8 單子葉和雙子葉的比較

雙子葉單子葉

平行葉脈網狀葉脈

只有一個子葉 有兩片子葉

是 3 的倍數 是 5 的倍數

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Fig. 14.9 根部構造

增生區

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Fig. 14.10 primary and secondary growth in the stem

樹皮

篩管

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Fig. 14.10 primary and secondary growth in the stem

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Fig. 14.11 (a) sclerenchyma 厚壁細胞 (b) collenchyma

(c) parenchyma 薄壁細胞

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植物 荷爾蒙 (hormones)

Table 14.1 Plant hormones Auxins ： control elongation Gibberellins ： stimulate cell division and elo

ngation, aid in pollen germination Cytokinins ： react with auxins to produce gr

owth

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Fig. 14.12 In this classic experiment, the tip was cut from an oat seedling and placed on an agar cube that absorbed any fluids that might seep from the tip. Then the block was placed off center on a decapitated seedling. 有agar 的地方，生長較快。

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Fig. 14.14 Gibberellins have a dramatic effect on stem growth, as seen in these plants.

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Fig. 14.13 Agent Orange was sprayed over the jungles of Vietnam ( 越南 ) to defoliate trees and make trails more visible. It was later implicated in a host of severe health problems among veterans exposed to it.

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問題與討論！

japalura@hotmail.com

Ayo NUTN website: http://myweb.nutn.edu.tw/~hycheng/