Climate Change Adaptation in Ben Tre by Erik Keus

Climate Change AdaptationPriority Activities

Ben Tre, pilot province under the

NTP-RCC Vietnam

Erik Keus (NTP-RCC Ben Tre)

1. Introduction

2. Causes of climate change

3. Adaptation fund

4. Rio + 20

5. Impact Climate Change Ben Tre

6. Adaptation Activities in Ben Tre

7. Conclusions

Overview of Presentation

* Human activity * Natural processes

The temperature has increased by 0,76 °C already

The next decades 0.2°C per decade. Even if the current CO2 level was kept constant it would be 0,1°C per decade.

A temperature increase above 2°C will lead to drastic changes

Source: IPCC (2007)

Global Carbon Project 2010

Anthropogenic Global Carbon Dioxide Budget

Responses

– The last decade has been the warmest on record for global average temperature

– Trends need to be viewed over decades, as there are large year-to year variations

Response

Claim: Volcanoes produce more CO2 then humans

Researchers estimate that volcanoes emit between 0.13 and 0.44 billion metric tons CO2 per year,

Human emissions of 35 billion metric tons CO2 in 2010.

Response

• The link between human activitiesand global temperature change is clear

• The ‘debate’ has been created by a small but vocal group from outside the climate science community

Why there is still debate?

Updated from Le Quéré et al. 2009, Nature Geoscience; CDIAC 20010

Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions

Time (y)

Annex B (Kyoto Protocol)

Developed Nation

Developing Nations Non-Annex B

1990 2000 2010

5

4

3

2CO2 e

miss

ions

(PgC

y-1) 57%

43%

Top 20 CO2 Emitters & Per Capita Emissions 2009

Global Carbon Project 2010; Data: Gregg Marland, Thomas Boden-CDIAC 2010; Population World Bank 2010

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

CHINAUSA

INDIA

RUSSIAJA

PAN

GERMANYIRAN

SOUTH KOREA

CANADA

UNITED KINGDOM

MEXICO

SAUDI ARABIA

SOUTH AFRICA

INDONESIAITALY

BRAZIL

AUSTRALIA

FRANCE (inl. M

onac

o)

POLAND

SPAIN0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Tota

l Car

bon

Emiss

ions

(to

ns x

1,0

00,0

00)

Per Capita Emissions

(tons C person y

-1)

•Finance concrete adaptation projects in developing countries•Over the past two years, $115 million to increase climate resilience in 18 countries.•Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), emission-reduction projects in developing countries can earn Certified Emission Reduction (CER) credits. (5 USD/ton CO2)• Meet emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol. • Share of proceeds amounts to 2 percent of the value of CERs issued each year for CDM projects.•The fund also receives contributions from governments, the private sector, and individuals.

The Adaptation Fund

•200 litres petrol = 200 x 2.331 = 466.2 kg CO2e•3.5 hectares of mangroves are capable of absorbing the carbon emissions of one typical American passenger automobile per year.•It would take 5.2 metric tons CO2/yr to drive an average car in the US• Mangrove can absorb 150 gr CO2 / m² per year•1 CER Credit = about 6 USD.

Certified Emission Reduction Credit

20 passengers share a boat to cross a river

Due to bad weather boat has to be lighter, but should still accommodate same 20 passengers

Each passenger should be maximum 70 kg including luggage.

So the heavy passenger needs to lose weight quickly.

If can not lose weight quickly buy rights from passenger, who is less then 70 kg.

UNCTAD/Earth Council Carbon Market Partnership

: * Actual annual CO2 emissions are increasing very fast * If CO2 continues to rise unchecked, it is likely that global warming will exceed 4°C by the end of the century * This warming is much greater than the 0.76°C we have already experienced * Local temperature changes might be even higher

Conclusion

• Reaffirmation of previous agreements or worse, a regression from those agreements.

•Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) • Similar to MDG • Will be quantified• MDGs only to developing countries, SDGs are universal

• Natural capital accounting, used alongside GDP to inform decision-making, value natural wealth

Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development

1. The financial crisis makes it difficult to raise funds.

2. The climate problem is global – and all countries seek to do as little as possible at home.

3. Western countries fear Asia.4. Old outdated industries have a lot of

power.5. At present there are no leaders (like the

EU was in the past) who can show the way.

Saline Intrusion

Climate Change Adaptation

Priority Activities

National Target Program To Respond to Climate Change

Comprehensive national plan around which all CC efforts can unify•Climate change scenarios•Strengthen Science and technology•Action plans•Integrate CC in socio economic development•Develop capacity•Raise awareness

Danida support:•CCA-NTP: Strengthened Capacity of Central and Provincial Governments to coordinate and implement climate change adaptation interventions through specific pilot interventions. •Develop lessons learned for scaling up in other provinces by 2015. •Budget 25 million USD

National Target Program To Respond to Climate Change

Adaptation activities: • Pilot investment • Studies, design• Models• Coastal protection • Capacity building

•Reduce adaptation deficit•No regret

Why Mainstream CBA into Government pla Planning

• Integration of development activities with CCA activities, avoid overlap.

• PPC can bring all sector needs together, identify overall priorities.

Opportunities for mainstreaming

• Synergy with ongoing development activities• Collaboration with other provinces, development of

MekongNet, integration in MDP• Increase cooperation and information exchange

between sectors• MOU between NTP-RCC and NGOs

Work plan 2010-2011Conversion brackish water to fresh water Water treatment plant construction Rainwater tanks for poorReversed osmosis water treatmentMangrove rehabilitationFarming system adaptationWater supply canal design

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Freshwater storage for irrigation

Dam to block saline intrusion

Bridge over freshwater inflow canal

Estimated change in production (based on interview 10 HH and commune data)

345 ha. Tiger Shrimp 50 mill. VND 0%

79 ha. Rice 10 mill. VND 300%

135 ha. Sugarcane 15 mill. VND 30%

138 ha. Coconut tree 20 mill. VND 50%

6 – 13 Bn.

Other benefits

900 HH. Vegetables 3.5 mill. VND 3.1

900 HH. Fruit 3.5 mill. VND 3.1

700 HH. Water cost 1.5 mill. VND 1.1

100 HA. Extra area 20 mill. VND 2.0Total 9.3 Bn.

Other benefitsHealth Benefits: less stomach and skin problems

Increased land value

Transport savings: better access by boatIncrease income from livestock,: cows, pigs, poultry

Findings:

Unless profit from shrimp is high/disease is controlled, fresh water crops are more profitable Cost of infrastructure is recovered in one year, could be funded with group loan.

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Water treatment plant

Target 800 Household connection 20 m3 capacity per hour Cost water VND 5900 per m3 Cost Connection 1 million VND Additional costs for additional pipes

Poor households usually live far from road

Poor households can not afford costs

Each tank is 2 M3 Target group selected by hamlet committee Household needs 10-20 L / day for drinking

and cooking If finished have to buy water or use from

canal For other uses use canal water, sometimes

brackish Design considerations: tap, height, cover,

storm

Capacity 15-40 M3 per day depending on salinity 30-5 ppt

Cost 9000 VND per M3 at lowest salinity Drinking water quality Freshwater usual cost 35.000/M3, Drinking water 15-20.000 VND for 20

liters Local demand may be limited to end of

dry season Distribution and payment complicated Pending further study

Mangrove Planting

Mangrove Planting

Mangroves protect against wind and erosion depending on site

Mangroves create buffer zone, so people can not settle near sea

Mangroves provide income with good management and depending on conditions

Management by household or community

Farming System Adaptation

Farming System Adaptation

Farming System Adaptation

Model development ongoing to adapt to change seasons, variable rain and increased salinity

Cover of soil around water melons with plastic to reduce evaporation

Stock freshwater shrimps (Tom Cang Xanh) in ditches, experiment with tolerance of salinity

Stock brackish water shrimp (Tom Su) in rice fields with salt tolerant rice / alternate with freshwater shrimp in rainy season

Marble goby (Ca Bong Tuong) culture

Total length 114 kmDiameter 0.8-1 mCapacity 74000 m³/day

Freshwater canal design

Freshwater canal design

Will supply freshwater to coastal areaIntake inland where saline water does not reach yetTotal length 114 kmDiameter 0.8-1 mCapacity 74000 m³/day

Conclusions

Climate Change is reality Ben Tre is vulnerable to climate change

Priorities for adaptation selected by PPC on basis of proposals of departments and districts Integrated with development plans Based on local priorities, budget availability and human capacity Before 2015 will share good practices with other provinces