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Complementary Forages in a Stocker System. Bob Woods Area Extension Agronomy Specialist Northeast Oklahoma. Complementary Forages. Introduced to complement native range. Complementary Forages. Increased Carrying Capacity Improved Forage Quality Lengthened Grazing Season - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Bob WoodsArea Extension Agronomy Specialist
Northeast Oklahoma
Complementary Forages in a Stocker System
Complementary Forages
Introduced to complement native
range
Increased Carrying Capacity Improved Forage Quality
Lengthened Grazing SeasonHeavy Traffic Tolerance
Hay Production
Complementary Forages
You can double your stocking rate with 10% of your acreage in introduced forages – Dr. Wilfred McMurphy
9 acres native range with a harvestable yield of 1280 pounds per acre = 11,500 pounds
1 acre bermudagrass fertilized with 300 pounds of N per acre = 12,000 pounds
Bermudagrass Yield Trial Summary -
Variety
OzarkMidland 99Tifton 44Wrangler (S)
ERS/Haskell, OK2000-02
7.317.776.986.15
100 lbs. N applied 3 times
Web Soil Survey
Complementary ForagesWarm Season Perennials –
bermudagrassCool Season Perennials – fescueCool Season Annuals – wheat, rye,
ryegrass(?)Legumes – Red Clover, Arrowleaf
Clover, Ladino Clover, Hairy vetch, Alfalfa, Lespedeza
Warm Season Annuals – crabgrass, sorghum types
OSU Cooperative Extension
Soil Probe
Get a Useful Sample
Clean Bucket
Right Depth (plow layer or 6 inches
15-20 cores
NE Oklahoma Fertilizer Prices
11/14/06N - 34¢
P2O5 - 22¢K2O - 22¢
1/9/09N - 42¢
P2O5 - 30¢K2O - 68¢
1/9/0946-0-0 $38618-46-0 $4280-0-60 $813
$/lb
.
Increased Carrying CapacityHay production
Bermudagrass – Complementary Uses
Bermudagrass Yield Response to Precipitation
02468
101214
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Nitrogen rate (lb/acre)
Yie
ld (t
ons/
acre
)
Wet year Dry year
Burton and Hanna, 1995
Split N Effects on Bermudagrass Yield ERS, Haskell, OK
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Dry
Mat
ter,
T/A
100
+ 1
00
200
100
+ 1
00
100
+ 1
00
200
200
19791978 1980
200
+ 2
0040
0
N Fertilizer Applications(1971-2000) Rainfall for Osage County
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Warm Season Grass
•P and K annually according to soil test recommendation•50 lbs N per ton of forage based on yield goal
Forage Yield
Nutritive Value
High
Low
Stage of Maturity
Effect of Stage of Maturity on Yield and Forage Quality of Bermudagrass
Bermudagrass 4 Weeks
Multiple Harvests
Effect of Nitrogen Fertility and Maturity on Crude Protein in Bermudagrass Lbs. of N/A
O
50
100
Stage of Maturity
4 weeks6 weeks8 weeks
4 weeks6 weeks8 weeks
4 weeks6 weeks8 weeks
Estimated CP %
765
975
1297
Bermudagrass Grazing Study, Perkins - 1985 - 87
Variety
HardieMidlandGuymon
ADG
1.631.461.56
Steer Daysper acre324292269
Gain/Acre
529422418
1985 May 6 to Sept. 23140 days535 in wt.
1986May 1 to Aug. 21112 days507 in wt.
1987May 15 to Oct. 2140 days545 in wt.
124 crossbred heifers – 485 lb. Avg.46 acres2.7 hd./A – 1350 lbs/A75 lbs N/A (P&K) April 20, 92 lbs N/A
June 24 Grazed April 10 to August 16 (128 days)Mowed late May and Early July (baled
excess)
2 pasture rotation on bermudagrass – 1982Mayes County
1982 Mayes Co. Grazing Demonstration Performance
1.4 ADG475 lbs. Beef/A
Native$60/Stocker
Bermudagrass½ A/Stocker = $62/hdRent $20/A150 lbs N, $66/A40 lbs P2O5, $11.60/A40 lbs K2O, $26.80/A
Fescue
Cool Season Perennial Grass TrialERS
Planted 1996Picture Taken Spring 2000
N Fertilizer Applications(1971-2000) Rainfall for Osage County
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Cool Season Grass
•P and K annually according to soil test recommendation•60 lbs N per ton of forage based on yield goal
Cool Season Grass
Fall Fertilized Fescue 2001
CherokeeCraigDelawareMayesMuskogeeNowataOkfuskeeOttawaWagonerWashington
Unfert.Lbs/A8651108778885111765913291382885723
FertilizedLbs/A3803217421112281320124193733452054801574
IncreaseLbs/A293810671333139620841760240431384596851
02468
1012141618
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
ControlFert + grazeFert + stockpile
Treatment effect on tall fescue crudeTreatment effect on tall fescue crudeprotein level in northeast Oklahoma,protein level in northeast Oklahoma,
1994-951994-95
Cru
de P
rote
in le
vel (
%)
Cru
de P
rote
in le
vel (
%)
Lactating cow
GrowingSteer
DryCow
Treatment effect on tall fescue TDN levelTreatment effect on tall fescue TDN levelin northeast Oklahoma, 1994-95in northeast Oklahoma, 1994-95
TDN
leve
l (%
)TD
N le
vel (
%)
Lactating cow
Dry cow
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
ControlFert + grazeFert + stockpile
Growing Steer
Effects of white clover on steer growth performance in toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures
Toxic E+ Tall Fescue E- Tall FescueForage Clover
%Steer ADG,
lbClover
%Steer ADG,
lbGrass alone 0 0.79 0 2.03Grass + Regal White Clover
5 to 7 1.47 0 to 2 1.96
Grass + Durana white clover
35 to 54
2.55 35 to 53
3.21Source: J. H. Bouton. 2002. 29th Annual Conference Proceedings. Arkansas Forage and Grassland Council.
Stocker cattle average daily gains grazing tall fescueStudy Location and Duration Cattle
Tall Fescue Cultivar
Endophyte Status
Average Daily Gain,
lbFayetteville, AR; 2-year study
Steers HiMag 4 (ArkPlus) 1.43Endophyte-free 1.55
Kentucky-31
Toxic endophyte-infected
0.93
Eatonton, GA (Central Georgia Branch Station); 3-year study
Hereford Steers
Jesup (MaxQ™) 1.72Endophyte-free 2.14Toxic endophyte-infected
0.68
Legumes are not a free fertilizer option!
P, K, pH – According to Soil Test
3 Tons/A contribution that did not require N
Legume ManagementResidue Management – 2 inches or less in
late summer or fall.Follow soil test recommendationDrill to establish if possiblePlant cool season legumes in late summer or
early fall, lespedeza in late winter or early spring
Innoculate the seed
Small Grains Planting Dates
Picture taken 11/30/99
9/10/99
10/21/99 9/23/99
11/4/99
10/7/99
First planting was clipped 10/27/99 removing 1,880 lb/a of forage
Sod Seeded Small Grains for Fall Grazing??
Count on spring grazing ONLYPerennial grasses too competitive
earlyDry soil profile
Insufficient time for fall growth
Consider a Legume instead of Ryegrass
Save spring N topdressavoid ryegrass as a weed in wheat for
grainSame growing seasonEqual or better forage nutritive valueRed clover, Arrowleaf clover, hairy vetch
N Fertilizer Applications(1971-2000) Rainfall for Osage County
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Cool Season Grass
Warm Season Grass
•P and K annually according to soil test recommendation•50 lbs N per ton of forage based on yield goal
Cool Season Grass
Complementary ForagesJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Cool-season Grass
Cool-season legumes
Bermudagrass
Native Range
Native Range
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