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Copper time in Cyprus2500 B.C. – 1050 B.C.
Panayiotis Krasaris
Aphroditi Zarvou
Panayiotis Lapithiotis
The history of copper miningin Cyprus
The first signs of life appear on the island in the 10th century B.C..The discovery of Copper between 3900 B.C –
2500 B.C. (Chalcolithic period) has brought wealth and growth of trade on the island.The Early Bronze Age : 2300 B.C. - 1850 A.D.The Middle Bronze Age : 1850 B.C. - 1600 A.D.The Late Bronze Age: 1600 B.C. - 1050 A.D.
Finds from the Early Bronze Age
Bronze long tool, 2500-2400 B.C.
A pin of the knot – headed ype1900-1800 B.C.
«Metalwork of Cyprus» -Cuprium aes
The development of trade between Cyprus with Near East, Egypt and Aegean.Cyprus was at that time well known with the
name “Alashiya”.Later it adopts the Latin name of Copper –
Cuprium.Copper becomes the main product of export.
Metallurgical development
Metal working and trade has influenced the development of cities, although there weren’t any mines in those places.
The flourishing cities are competing over the ruling of the mines.
Metallurgical development
New cities are formed in the centre of the island. The old settlements are abandoned.
The cities are well organised, and they are firmly established.
Several kingdoms are created.
«Metalwork of Cyprus» -Cuprium aes
The excavation and treatment of copper continues until the Roman domination.In Middle Ages the production of bronze was
almost eliminated.During the British occupation the mines
reopened.
This is a bronze cauldron supported on an iron tripod and decorated with protomes of griffins and double
faced sirens on its rim, from the “Royal” tomb in Salamis. 8th – 7th century B.C.
Later finds
A medal object dated from the Hellenistic period, end
of the 4th century B.C.
A metal object in an animal shape from the
Roman Empire, 2nd - 3rd
century A.D.
Early Bronze Age :2300 B.C. - 1850 B.C.
A remarkable increase of metallurgy
Produced by local copper
Crusts of copper made initially with arsenic (around 2000 B.C.) and later with bronze (tin)
Middle Bronze Age1850 B.C. - 1600 B.C.
The production of bronze made weapons and tools like:
• Spears• Swords• Arrows• Axes• Copper pins and other tools
Copper ingots of the so – called “ox- hide” type, with large signs stamped on, of the Cypro –
Minoan syllabic character from Enkomi –13th century B.C.
Late Bronze Age: 1600 B.C. - 1050 B.C.
The metallurgy is developed systematically all over the urban centres of the island.
Several objects made of bronze are exported in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea , Aegean Sea and Southern Italy, from Cyprus.
Bronze in ArtBronze statuette of the Ingot God, the god protector of the
Cypriot copper minesfrom Enkomi, around 1200 B.C.Bronze statue of the
Horned God from Enkomi, Late
Bronze Age 1200-1150 B.C.
Bronze Finds
Mainly in Troodos Peninsula:
Copper is not excavated in a clear form but in the form of copper iron-pyrites.
Colour: Red, Yellow
Bronze sites -Excavation of bronze
Skouriotissa :the only mine in Cyprus that is still in operation
Troulloi SiaMathiatis KambiaMitseroMavrovouni Limni Kalavassos
Euro coins - todayThe composition of the coins of euros contains a blend of
copper - brass and nickel
Thank you for your attention!
Sources:• http://www.cycladic.gr• http://www.moa.gov.cy/moa/mines/minesSrv.nsf/• http://www.slideshare.net/florakyprianou/ss-34412185• http://www.oryktosploutos.net/2015/09/blog-
post_7.html#.VlwawqTovIU• www.google.images.com• www.centralbank.gov.cy
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