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Criando nuvens de gelo em laboratório Prof. Manfredo H Tabacniks IFUSP/UMBC/NASA 30 de outubro de 2008. Climate Change 2007: Syntesis Report. IPCC. Climate Change 2007: Syntesis Report. IPCC. Wavelength Frequency. Atmospheric scatterers. Rain drops. Ice crystals - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Criando nuvens de gelo em laboratório
Prof. Manfredo H TabacniksIFUSP/UMBC/NASA
30 de outubro de 2008
Climate Change 2007: Syntesis Report. IPCC
Climate Change 2007: Syntesis Report. IPCC
Atmospheric scatterers
Air molecules~0.0004 µm
Most aerosol(>0.01 µm)
Cloud drops(typically 5-10 µm)
Rain drops
Ice crystals(hail, etc. greater)
Wavelength Frequency
Coarse aerosol(sand, dust
sea salt)
size
<>≈ wavelength
D C
C
MM
R
M
D
G
Cle
an
Po
llute
d
De
lay
in d
rop
let f
ree
zing
1
2
1
2
D = DiffusionC = Collision CoalescenceR = Warm RainoutM = Mixed PhaseG = Glaciation
Suppression of collision-coalescence
Suppression of warm rainout
D C
C
MM
R
M
D
G
Cle
an
Po
llute
d
De
lay
in d
rop
let f
ree
zing
1
2
1
2
D = DiffusionC = Collision CoalescenceR = Warm RainoutM = Mixed PhaseG = Glaciation
Suppression of collision-coalescence
Suppression of warm rainout
D C
C
MM
R
M
D
G
Cle
an
Po
llute
d
De
lay
in d
rop
let f
ree
zing
1
2
1
2
D = DiffusionC = Collision CoalescenceR = Warm RainoutM = Mixed PhaseG = Glaciation
Suppression of collision-coalescence
Suppression of warm rainout
D C
C
MM
R
M
D
G
Cle
an
Po
llute
d
De
lay
in d
rop
let f
ree
zing
1
2
1
2
D = DiffusionC = Collision CoalescenceR = Warm RainoutM = Mixed PhaseG = Glaciation
Suppression of collision-coalescence
Suppression of warm rainout
Aerosol Impact on Clouds Microphysics and Thermodynamics
J. Vanderlei Martins, A. Marshak, L. A. Remer, D. Rosenfeld, Y. J. Kaufman, R. Fernandez-Borda, I. Koren, V. Zubko, P. Artaxo – ACPD 7, 4481-4519, 2007
2.1m0.55m
Cloud Base Smoke!!!
Light Scattering Process
(1-Absorption)Asymmetry
Martins, V. personal comm.
light in light out
Ratio 2.1/2.25m
Proxy for ice/waterseparation
Ratio 2.1/2.25m
Proxy for ice/waterseparation
Measuring Clouds
J. Vanderlei Martins, Alexander Marshak, Tobias Zinner, Lorraine Remer, ACP 2006, 2007, 2008.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Ratio and mi 2.1/2.25m
# o
bs
erv
ed
ca
se
s
reflectance ratio - water
reflectance ratio - ice
mi ratio - ice T=-25C
mi ratio - water T = 22C
mi ratio - water T = -8C
Ratio 2.1/2.25m for and 1/mi
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Ratio and mi 2.1/2.25m
# o
bs
erv
ed
ca
se
s
reflectance ratio - water
reflectance ratio - ice
mi ratio - ice T=-25C
mi ratio - water T = 22C
mi ratio - water T = -8C
Ratio 2.1/2.25m for and 1/mi
Range from simulations
(Reflectances)
Kostinski & Cantrell, JAS 65 (2008) 2961-71
água -30ºC água 0ºCágua 0ºC gelogelo 0ºC gelo -30ºC
Fermi (1936, p. 77)
água -30ºC gelo
dry N2
1
2
humid air (N2)
drift tubeor/and
diffusion dryer
N2
MFM
cold (freezing) air
P
Tringing
absorpmeter
vacuum pump
MFM
dewar
thermal insulation
~m
Di ~20mm
Di ~10mm
~20 cm
~30 cm
~1 L/min
~1-10 L/min
~100mm
mixer 1
mixer 2
light
PT
aerosol generator and reactor
PT
INEF
aerosol generator
reactordrierhumidifiercooler
analyzer
P
T
(soil dust) + suitable solvent
Recommended