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H$mbénr dmiyV nX{MÝho C_Q>drV, gmÜ`m nU _Z_mohH$ em§V n[agamV n[anyU©VoZo dgbobo ^ì` Am{U d¡^dembr _w§~B© amO ^dZ EH$m ~mOybm {ZgJm©À`m ~XbË`m F$Vwa§Jm§Mo qMVZ H$aVo Va Xþgè`m ~mOybm gX¡d OmJË`m _w§~B© _hmZJarÀ`m {d{dYa§Jr ñdénmMo {ZarjU H$arV AgVo.
_b~ma {hb `m _w§~B©Vrb CÀM^«y dgmhVr_Ü`o Agboë`m amO ^dZmÀ`m n[agamMr JUZm XoemVrb gdm©{YH$ AmH$f©H$ n[agam§V hmoB©b, `mV e§H$m Zmhr. gZ 1885 nmgyZ {~«{Q>e JìhZ©am§Mo d gÜ`m _hmamîQ´>mÀ`m amÁ`nmbm§Mo {ZdmgñWmZ Agbobo amO ^dZ amOH$s` gÎmoMo H|$Ð am{hë`m_wio nmhUmè`m§À`m _ZmV VËH$mi AmXa`wŠV {dñ_` OmJ¥V H$aVo.
ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV "½mìhZ©_|Q> hmD$g' `m ZmdmZo n[a{MV AgUmao amO ^dZ _b~ma {hb `oWrb 47-EH$a n[agam_Ü`o pñWamdÊ`mnydu "_Zmoa hmD$g', "\$moQ>© hmD$g' d "naob hmD$g' `m {R>H$mUr hmoVo.
_hmamîQ´>mV _w§~B© `oWrb amO ^dZmì`{V[aŠV nwUo d ZmJnya `oWo AmUIr XmoZ amO ^dZo AmhoV. `m{edm` _hm~ioída `oWoXoIrb amÁ`nmbm§H$[aVm EH$ N>moQ>oImZr CÝhmir {ZdmgñWmZ Amho.
`m gd© Eo{Vhm{gH$ dmagm bm^boë`m dmñVy§Mo VgoM Ë`m§À`m g^modVmbÀ`m {ZgJ©aå` n[agamMo N>m`m{MÌU H$éZ nwñVH$énmZo bmoH$m§nwT>o AmUÊ`mMm hm n{hbmM à`ËZ Amho.
""... Am{U `mn¡H$s gdm©{YH$ gw§Xa {R>H$mU åhUOo g_wÐmÀ`m bmQ>m§_Ü`o CRy>Z {XgUmao "_b~ma nm°B§Q>' `m ZmdmZo AmoiIbo OmUmao ^y{ea Am{U Ë`mda EImÚm gw§Xa _wHw$Q>mà_mUo emo^Umar, gwédmVrbm ga Om°Z _mëH$_² m§Mo {ZdmgñWmZ Agbobr Am{U AmVm amÁ`nmbm§Mo {ZdmgñWmZ åhUyZ g§a{jV H$aÊ`mV Ambobr, nai `oWo CîU hdoMr YJ OmUdy bmJë`mda gwIX Jmadm XoUmar amO dZmMr XoIUr dmñVy.
AdIi bmQ>m§Zr doT>boë`m IS>H$mi S>m|Ja_mÏ`mda dgbobo JéS>mÀ`m KaQ>çmgmaIo ho gw§Xa {R>H$mU Ho$ìhmhr nm{hbo Var ZoÌXrnH$M Amho. na§Vw {deofV…, gy`© AñVmbm OmVmZm, g_wÐmÀ`m {Zù`m-{haì`m nmÊ`mV AY©dQ> ~wS>mboë`m gy`m©À`m gwdU©q~~mMr gmoZoar {H$aUo _mS>m§À`m Pmdù`m§À`m {H$Zmatdê$Z namd{V©V hmoVmV Am{U Amg_§V ^éZ Q>mH$VmV, Ë`mdoir Va Ë`mMo gm¢X`© eãXmVrV AgVo.'' - 19 ì`m eVH$mVrb EH$ àdm{gZr {_gog nmoñQ>mÝg øm§Zr
Ho$bob§ _w§~B© amO ^dZmMo dU©Z.
""_hmamîQ´>mVrb amO ^dZ ho ^maVmVrb gdmªV gw§Xa amO ^dZm§n¡H$s EH$ Amho. `oWyZ gy`m}X`hr {XgVmo AZ² gy`m©ñVhr. g_wÐmZo {VÝhr ~mOy§Zr doT>bobo ho {R>H$mU Ho$di ZoÌXrnH$ Amho.''
- Eg². E_². H¥$îUm, _hmamîQ´>mMo amÁ`nmb (2004 Vo 2008)
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gOmdQ> àH$meH$ d _wÐH$ :-
H$m`©H$mar àH$meH$ & _mUoH$ B©. Xmda
g§nmXZ & Eo{eH$ ~éAm, g{_am _oOa
N>m`m{MÌH$ma & gwYmaH$ Amobdoo
H$bm g§MmbH$ & nadoP eoI
ghm. H$bm g§MmbH$ & `mo{JVm Aæ`a
{S>{OQ>b B_oqOJ & {ZZmX OmYd, amo{hV Zm`H$
g_Ýd` & q_Ob H$S>m{H$`m
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_w{ÐV emoYZ & AéUm lrnmX Xw^mfr, Jm¡ar Ho$iH$a
g§emoYZ g§X^©:
& amO^dÝg BZ _hmamîQ´ - lr gXm{ed JmoajH$a
& www.rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in
_wÐH$ d àH$meH$ñn|Q>m _pëQ>_r{S>`m, no{ZÝewbm ñn|Q>m_WwamXmg {_b H§$nmCÝS>, EZ². E_². Omoer _mJ©bmoAa naob, _w§~B© - 400 013.
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øm nwñVH$mMm Hw$R>bmhr ^mJ H$m°nramB©Q> YmaH$mÀ`m boIr nadmZJr{edm` nwZ_w©{ÐV H$ê$ Z`o qH$dm Hw$R>ë`mhr nÕVrZo nwZ_w©ÐUmÀ`m `§ÌUo_Ü`o gmR>dy Z`o AWdm Q´>mÝg_rQ> H$ê$ Z`o.
_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZo
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I am happy to learn that the Raj Bhavan, Maharashtra is bringing out a coffee-table book on the Raj Bhavans in Maharashtra.
With the majestic Arabian Sea providing a grand backdrop, the Mumbai Raj Bhavan is undoubtedly one of the best Raj Bhavans in India.
I understand this coffee-table book will attempt to capture, through a series of photographs, the aesthetic beauty of the Raj Bhavans, their architecture, the flora and fauna, the arts, artefacts and other interesting aspects.
Raj Bhavans are more than beautiful heritage buildings located in grand surroundings. They represent an august institution of the State that has an obligation to protect the dignity of the Constitution and to uphold the rule of law. Quite naturally, people of the State have great expectations from the Raj Bhavan. It should be the endeavour of the Raj Bhavan to meet these legitimate aspirations.
I congratulate the Governor of Maharashtra on his welcome initiative in bringing out this coffee-table book, which will provide a glimpse of the Raj Bhavans of Maharashtra to all interested persons.
New Delhi Pranab Mukherjee
MESSAGE
amîQ´>n{V^maV JUV§ÌPresident
rePublic of india
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ZmJmb±S> d PmaI§S> oWo 2007 Vo 2009 `m H$mimV amÁ`nmbnX gm§ mië`mZ§Va {X. 22 OmZodmar 2010 amoOr _mPr _hmamîQ>mÀ`m amÁ`nmbnXr {Z wŠVr Pmbr. gZ 2012 À`m gwédmVrbmM _mPm amÁ`nmbnXmMm nmM dfmªMm H$m ©H$mi g§nbm. na§Vw AZno{jVnUo 7 _o 2012 amoOr amîQ>nVtZr _mPr _hmamîQ>mVM nwÝhm EH$Xm ZdrZ H$m ©H$mimgmR>r {Z wŠVr Ho$br. ZmJmb±S>_Ü o AgVmZm _r H$mhr H$mimgmR>r
AéUmMb àXoe Am{U Amgm_À`m amÁ`nmbnXmMrXoIrb A{V[aŠV O~m~Xmar gm§ mibr hmoVr. H$mbm§VamZo _hmamîQ>mV Amë`mZ§Va Jmoì`mÀ`m amÁ`nmbnXmMmXoIrb A{V[aŠV H$m © ma H$mhr _{hÝ`m§H$[aVm _mÂ`mH$S>o gmon{dÊ`mV Ambm. AemàH$mao ghm dfmª_Ü o Vã~b ghm doJdoJù`m amÁ`m§À`m amÁ`nmbnXr H$m © H$aÊ`mMm Xþ_ui gÝ_mZ _bm àmßV Pmbm. n[aUm_V… _bm XoemVrb ghm doJdoJù`m amO ^dZm§_Ü o dmñVì` H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {_imbr.
^maVmVrb àË oH$ amO^dZ Amnë`m narZo d¡{eîQ>çnyU© Amho. na§Vw Varhr _mPr nËZr gm¡. amYm d _r _w§~B© oWrb amO^dZmÀ`m gm¢X`m©Zo àW_Xe©ZrM ^mamdyZ Jobmo. _b~ma {hb oWo EH$m Q>moH$mbm VrZ ~mOy§Zr Aa~r g_wÐmZo doT>ë`m_wio Z¡g{J©H$ ^ì`Vm bm^boë`m _w§~B©À`m amO ^dZmbm "XoemVrb gd© amO ^dZm§Mr g_«mkr' H$m åhUVmV `mMr àMrVr ho ñWi nmhUmè`mbm Amë`m{edm` amhV Zmhr. gm¡. amYm dZñnVremñÌ {df`mMr àmÜ`m{nH$m Am{U Ë`mVhr {Vbm ~mJH$m_mMr _ZmnmgyZ AmdS>. Ë`m_wio {d{dY àH$maMr Xþ_ui dZg§nXm Agboë`m amO^dZmÀ`m Z¡g{J©H$ dmVmdaUmV Vr ghOnUo a_br. AWm©V amO^dZ ho Ho$di {ZgJ©aå` n[aga d Eo{Vhm{gH$ dmaemÀ`m B_maVr Agbobo g§Hw$b Zmhr; Va XmoZ eVH$m§nojm A{YH$ H$mimVrb amÁ`mÀ`m B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma AgUmar hr _hÎdnyU© dmñVy Amho.
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na§naoZo amÁ`nmb amÁ`mVrb emgZ{Z §{ÌV {dÚmnrR>m§Mo Hw$bnVr AgVmV. Ë`m_wio CÀM {ejUmMm àgma d JwUdÎmm {dH$mg `m à{H«$ oV Ë`m§Mo `moJXmZ AgVo. _hmamîQ>mÀ`m amÁ`nmbm§da `m{edm` AmUIrhr EH$ KQ>ZmXÎm O~m~Xmar Amho. KQ>ZoÀ`m AZwÀN>oX 371 (2) Zwgma amÁ`nmbm§da {dX ©, _amR>dmS>m Am{U Cd©[aV _hmamîQ>mÀ`m {dH$mgmMr O~m~Xmar Amho. m {d{dYm§Jr
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H$mhr _{hÝ`m§nydu _hmamîQ>mVrb amO ^dZm§da AmYm[aV EH$ N>m`m{MÌaê$nr "H$m°\$s-Q>o~b nwñVH$' àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mMr g§H$ënZm _r _mPo g{Md lr. {dH$mg MÝÐ añVmoJr `m§À`mnwT>o _m§S>br. lr. añVmoJr `m§Zr hr g§H$ënZm
CËñ\y$V©nUo CMbyZ Yabr. A{bH$S>oM ZmJnya oWo "_ZaoJm'À`m Am wŠVnXr ~XbyZ Jobobo _mPo VËH$mbrZ Cng{Md (d¡Ym{ZH$ {dH$mg _§S>i) lr. _wWwH¥$îUZ² e§H$aZmam`UZ²> `m§À`mda gXa H$m°\$s-Q>o~b nwñVH$ R>am{dH$ H$mb_`m©XoV à{gÕ H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar gmon{dÊ`mV Ambr.
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amÁ`mVrb gd© amO ^dZm§_Yrb Eo{Vhm{gH$ dmaemÀ`m dmñVy§Mr CÎm_àH$mao OnUyH$ d XoIaoI H$aÊ`mMo lo amÁ`mÀ`m gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m_ {d^mJmbm {Xbo nm{hOo. `m nwñVH$mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo _r `m {d^mJm{df`r H$¥VkVm ì`Šº$ H$aUo Amdí`H$ g_OVmo.
$_mPo g{Md lr. {dH$mg MÝÐ añVmoJr `m§Zr `m H$m°\$s-Q>o~b nwñVH$mÀ`m _wÐU à{H«$ oda gwédmVrnmgyZ ~maH$mB©Zo bj R>odbo hmoVo. Ë`m~Ôb _r
Ë`m§Mo H$m¡VwH$ H$aVmo d Ë`m§Zm YÝ`dmX XoVmo. lr _wWwH¥$îUZ e§H$aZmam`UZ²> `m§Zr gwê$ Ho$bobo H$m ©, Ë`m§Mo OmJr Ambobo _mPo Cng{Md (d¡Ym{ZH$ {dH$mg _§S>i) lr. n[a_b qgJ `m§Zr nyU©Ëdmbm Zobo, Ë`m~Ôb _r Ë`m§Mohr Am^ma _mZVmo. amO ^dZmMo n[adma-à~§YH$ lr. dg§V gmiw§H$o$ `m§MoH$S>o gd© amO ^dZm§À`m XoI^mbrMr O~m~Xmar Amho. Ë`m§Mohr Am^ma _mZUo Amdí`H$ Amho. àH$meZjoÌmV gmW© bm¡{H$H$ Agboë`m "_o. ñnoÝQ>m _pëQ>_r{S> m' m g§ñWoZo hm gdmªJgw§Xa I§S> àH$m{eV Ho$bm AgyZ Vmo JwUJ«mhH$ bmoH$m§À`m ng§Vrg {ZpíMVnUo CVaob, Agm _bm {dídmg dmQ>Vmo. à{gÕ _m{hVrnQ> N>m`m{MÌH$ma lr. gwYmaH$ Amobdo `m§À`m gwaoI N>m`m{MÌUm_wio nwñVH$mMm XOm© {ZpíMVnUo d¥qÕJV Pmbm Amho, Ago _bm dmQ>Vo.
"_hmamï>mVrb amO^dZo' `m nwñVH$mÀ`m _w{ÐV emoYZmÀ`m H$m_mV ~hw_mob _XV Ho$ë`m~Ôb _r lr_Vr ZmWr~mB© Xm_moXa R>mH$agr _{hbm {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m Hw$bJwê$ àm. dgwYm H$m_V d {deofV… _amR>r {d^mJmÀ`m àmÜ`m{nH$m Aê$Um lrnmX Xw mfr `m§Mo _Z…nyd©H$ Am^ma _mZVmo.
amO ^dZ hr amÁ`mVrb OZVoMr g§nXm AgyZ amÁ`nmb ho Ho$di {dûdñV AgVmV, Ago _r _mZVmo. Ë`m_wio ho "H$m°\$s-Q>o~b nwñVH$' amÁ`mVrb OZVobm g_{n©V H$aVmZm _bm {deof AmZ§X dmQ>Vmo.
(Ho$. e§H$aZmam`UZ²)_hmamîQ>mMo amÁ`nmbamO ^dZ, _w§~B©
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Pmbo Am{U Ë`mZ§Va 1960 gmbr _hmamîQ>mer g§b½Z Pmbo. Ë`m_wio {~«{Q>e Am_XmZrV _Ü` àm§VmÀ`m _w»` H${_eZaMo d nwT>o JìhZ©aMo Agbobo emgH$s` {ZdmgñWmZ _hmamîQ>mÀ`m amÁ`nmbm§Mo emgH$s` {ZdmgñWmZ Pmbo. amÁ`nmbm§À`m AYyZ-_YyZ hmoUmè`m ZmJnya oQ>rÀ`m doir Am{U {deofV… amÁ` {dYr_§S>imÀ`m ZmJnya oWo hmoV Agboë`m {hdmir A{YdoeZmÀ`m doir ZmJnya oWrb amO dZ ho amÁ`nmbm§Mo H$m`m©b` d {ZdmgñWmZ AgVo. ZmJnya oWoXoIrb amÁ`nmb amÁ` {dYr_§S>imMo gXñ` VgoM ehamVrb gÝ_mÝ` ì`ŠVtgmR>r amO ^dZmÀ`m {hadirda MhmnmZmMo Am`moOZ H$arV AgVmV. amÁ`nmb Am`mo{OV H$arV Agboë`m Am¡nMm[aH$ MhmnmZmMm CëboI "A°Q> hmo_ [agoßeZ' Agm H$aÊ`mV oVmo.
_hmamîQ>mVrb `m VrZ à_wI amO ^dZm§IoarO amÁ`nmbm§gmR>r _hm~ioûda oWoXo{Ib$ CÝhmir {ZdmgñWmZ Amho. VoWyZ gømÐrÀ`m nd©Vam§Jm§Mo _Zmohmar
Xe©Z KS>Vo.
`m {R>H$mUr EH$ JmoîQ> Z_yX H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. amO dZ ho Ho$di amÁ`nmbm§MoM {ZdmgñWmZ ZgyZ ^maVmMo amîQ>nVr, CnamîQ>nVr, n§VàYmZ, BVa amÁ`m§Mo amÁ`nmb VgoM KQ>ZmË_H$ nXm§darb ì`ŠVr _hmamîQ> oQ>rda AgVmZm Ë`m§MmXoIrb amO ^dZm§_Ü oM _wŠH$m_ AgVmo. {d{dY Xoem§Mo amîQ>à_wI d n§VàYmZ _w§~B© oQ>rda AgVmZm emgZmÀ`m dVrZo Ë`m§Mo gÝ_mZnyd©H$ ñdmJV H$aUo hm amÁ`nmbm§À`m H$V©ì`mMm EH$ ^mJ Amho. AZoH$Xm `m gÝ_mZZr` A{VWtÀ`m gÝ_mZmW© amÁ`nmb àrVr^moOZ qH$dm MhmnmZmMo Am`moOZ H$arV
AgVmV. AmOÀ`m bmoH$emhrÀ`m H$mimV H$mhrgo amOoemhr WmQ>mMo dmQ>Umao amO ^dZ, Ë`mVrb ^ì` dmñVy d Ë`m§Mm S>m_S>m¡b g§ wpŠVH$ Amho H$m Agm Q>rHo$Mm gya AYyZ-_YyZ C_Q>V AgVmo. _mÌ amÁ`nmb `m g§ñWoÀ`m CnamoŠV H$V©ì`m§Mm {dMma H$ê$ OmVm emgZmMo Am{U n`m© mZo amÁ`mVrb OZVoMo àVrH$ Agbobo amO ^dZ Amnë`m {X_mIXma ñdê$nmV OVZ H$aUo Amdí`H$ R>aVo. amO ^dZ ho AmO Ho$di amÁ`mÀ`m amÁ`nmbm§Mo gaH$mar {ZdmgñWmZ ZgyZ Vo Amnë`m bmoH$emhràYmZ àOmgÎmmH$mMo àoaUmñWmZXoIrb Amho.
amÁ`mVrb àË oH$ amO ^dZmMm ñdV…Mm d¡{eîQ>çnyU© B{Vhmg Amho d Ë`mVyZ _hmamîQ>mÀ`m B{VhmgmMoXoIrb Zì`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ Xe©Z hmoVo.
amO ^dZ åhUOo EH$M dmñVy Agmdr Agm gd©gmYmaU g_O AgVmo. _mÌ _w§~B© oWrb amO ^dZ åhUOo Eo{Vhm{gH$ dmagm bm^boë`m AZoH$ dmñVy§Mm g_yh Agbobm EH$ _moR>m n[aga Amho.
amÁ`mVrb gd© amO ^dZm§Mm Eo{Vhm{gH$ dmagm, Ë`m§Vrb d¡ dembr dmñVy§Mo gm¢X ©, amO ^dZ n[agamMo Z¡g{J©H$ gm¢X ©, VoWrb H$bmË_H$ dñVy d gm_mÝ`m§Zm Hw$Vyhb dmQ>Umè`m AZoH$ JmoîQ>r {MÌénmZo nwT>o AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZ `m H$m°\$s-Q>o~b nwñVH$mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. gwaoI N>m`m{MÌm§À`m _XVrZo amO ^dZm§Mo gm¢X © d B{Vhmg CbJSy>Z XmI{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ `m _mÜ`_mVyZ Ho$bm AgyZ nwñVH$ g§nyU© nmhÿZ Pmë`mdaXoIrb `mVrb à{V_m dmMH$m§À`m ñ_aUmV amhÿZ ZOaog_moa VaiV amhVrb, `mV e§H$m Zmhr.
X{jU _w§~B©À`m Q>moH$mda {haì`mJma dZamB©À`m Hw$erV dgbobo _w§~B© oWrb Qw>_Xma "amO ^dZ' _hmamîQ>mÀ`m amÁ`nmbm§Mo {ZdmgñWmZ Amho. Aa~r g_wÐmZo VrZ ~mOy§Zr doT>ë`m_wio A{YH$M ì`Vm àmßV Pmboë`m m amO ^dZmbm gmh{OH$M "XoemVrb gd© amO ^dZm§Mr
g_«mkr' åhUyZ g§~moYbo OmVo. ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV "JìhZ©_|Q> hmD$g' m ZmdmZo AmoiIbo OmUmao _b~ma {hb oWrb amO ^dZ gZ 1885 nmgyZ {~«{Q>e JìhZ©aMo {ZdmgñWmZ d à_wI gÎmmH|$Ð hmoVo. gZ 1885 nydu "JìhZ©_|Q> hmD$g' nai oWo AgVmZmXoIrb _b~mb {hb oWrb dmñVyMm dmna JìhZ©aMo CÝhmir {ZdmgñWmZ åhUyZ hmoV Ago. amO ^dZ n[agamVrb H$mhr B_maVr gZ 1800 d Ë`mhr nyduÀ`m AmhoV. ñdmV§Í`àmßVrZ§Va "JìhZ©_|Q> hmD$g' Mo Zm_H$aU "amO ^dZ' Ago Pmbo d Vo _w§~B© àm§VmÀ`m amÁ`nmbm§Mo H$m`m©b` d {ZdmgñWmZ Pmbo. ñdmV§Í`mnydu amOH$s` KS>m_moS>tMo _w»` H|$Ð Agbobo amO ^dZ ñdmV§Í`àmßVrZ§Va amÁ`mÀ`m KQ>Zmà_wIm§Mo H$m`m©b` d {ZdmgñWmZ Pmbo. Ë`m_wio amO ^dZmÀ`m dmñVyZo; H$m ©H$mar à_wImMo gÎmm H|$Ð Vo amÁ`mÀ`m gm§{dYm{ZH$ à_wImMo _w»` ñWmZ Ago doJù`m àH$maMo gÎmm§Va AZw dbo Amho.$
_w§~B© oWrb amO ^dZmÀ`m àm§JUmVM {XZm§H$ 30 E{àb 1960 amoOr _Ü`amÌr 12 dmOVm VËH$mbrZ n§VàYmZ n§{S>V Odmhabmb Zohê$ `m§Zr _hmamîQ> amÁ`mÀ`m ZH$memMo Am¡nMm[aH$ AZmdaU Ho$bo hmoVo. _hmamîQ>mMo àW_ amÁ`nmb lràH$me d amÁ`mMo n{hbo _w»`_§Ìr `ed§Vamd MìhmU `m§À`mgh
g_mOmÀ`m {d{dY joÌm§Vrb OdiOdi 500 Zm_d§V bmoH$ `m Eo{Vhm{gH$ jUmMo gmjrXma hmoVo.
ZdrZ amÁ` ApñVËdmV Amë`mZ§Va _w§~B© àm§VmMo amO dZ ho _hmamîQ> amÁ`mMo amO ^dZ Pmbo. amÁ`{Z{_©VrZ§Va Joë`m 53 dfmª_Ü o amO ^dZmZo amÁ`mVrb AZoH$ gÎmm§Vao nm{hbr AmhoV. AZoH$ _w»`_§Ìr d Ë`m§Mo _§Ìr_§S>imVrb ghH$mar, _w§~B© CÀM Ý`m`mb`mMo _w»` Ý`m`mYre, _w§~B©Mo ZJanmb, bmoH$m wŠV, _w»` _m{hVr Am wŠV `m§gh BVa KQ>ZmË_H$ nXm§darb ì`ŠVtMo enWJ«hU g_mamoh amO ^dZmZo nm{hbo AmhoV.
_w§~B©{edm` _hamîQ>m_Ü o AmUIr XmoZ amO dZo AmhoV. EH$ nwUo oWo Va Xþgao ZmJnya oWo. nwUo ho amÁ`nmbm§Mo nmdgmir {ZdmgñWmZ hmoVo d amÁ`nmbm§Mm Vi Odinmg XmoZ _{hÝ`m§H$[aVm nwUo oWo hbV Ago. H$mhr dfmª_Ü o _mÌ hr àWm OdiOdi g§nwîQ>mV Ambr Amho. na§Vw Varhr, amÁ`nmb Xadfu àWoà_mUo ^maVmÀ`m ñdmV§Í`{XZr, 15 Am°JñQ> amoOr, nwÊ`mVrb {dYmZ ^dZmÀ`m àm§JUm_Ü o gH$mir amîQ>ÜdOmMo AmamohU H$aVmV Am{U gm §H$mir JUoeqIS> oWrb amO ^dZmÀ`m {hadirda gÝ_mÝ` ZmJ[aH$m§gmR>r MhmnmZ Am`mo{OV H$aVmV.
ñdmV§Í`mnydu ZmJnya oWrb amO ^dZ _Ü` àm§V Am{U dèhmS> oWrb JìhZ©aMo _w»` gÎmmH|$Ð hmoVo. Ë`mZ§Va 1956 n ªV Vo OwÝ`m _Ü`àXoeÀ`m amÁ`nmbm§Mo {ZdmgñWmZ hmoVo. 1956 gmbr ZmJnya _w§~B© amÁ`m_Ü o {dbrZ
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amO ^dZm_Ü o àdoe Ho$ë`mda npíM_ ~mOybm AWm§J g_wÐ Am{U {H$Zmè`mbJV EH$ {dñVrU© {hadi ÑîQ>rg nS>Vo. `m {hadirÀ`m EH$m ~mOybm EH$ N>moQ>ogo ho{bn°S> AgyZ amÁ`nmb d _w»`_§Ìr emgH$s` H$m_H$mOm{Z{_Îm _w§~B©~mhoa Xm¡è`mda OmVmZm `m Vimdê$ZM ho{bH$m°ßQ>aZo OmUo- oUo H$aVmV.
OwÝ`m dmñVwe¡brMr AmR>dU H$ê$Z XoUmao Zì`mZoM V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambobo amO ^dZMo ~mUJ§Jm ~mOyH$S>rb _w»` àdoeÛma (Aßna JoQ>).
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
"_b~ma {hb' `m amO ^dZÀ`m nÎ`m_Yrb "_b~ma' `m eãXm_mJrb ahñ` OmUyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`mbm 18 ì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrÀ`m B{VhmgmV S>moH$mdyZ nhmdo bmJVo. AmO "_b~ma {hb' åhUyZ AmoiIë`m OmUmè`m n[agamgh _w§~B©Mm EH$ _moR>m ^mJ CÎma Ho$aiÀ`m _b~ma àXoemVrb ~S>r Agm_r Agboë`m "Ho$`r' Hw$Q>§w~mÀ`m _mbH$sMm hmoVm. _mÌ {d{dY g§ñWm{ZH$ d gÎmmYrem§gmo~V {ZH$Q>Mo g§~§Y AgyZXoIrb {~«{Q>e B©ñQ> B§{S>`m H§$nZrÀ`m hñVjonm_wio Ho$`r Hw$Qw>§~r`m§Zm CÚmoJ-ì`dgm`mV AZoH$ AS>MUr oD$ bmJë`m. H$mhr H$mi Y¡ m©Zo g§Kf© Ho$ë`mZ§Va Ho$`r Hw$Qw>§~mZo {~«{Q>em§gmo~V VS>OmoS> Ho$br. CÎma _b~ma àXoemVrb Amnbo ì`mnmar hŠH$ em~yV R>odÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Mr _w§~B©Vrb ~hþVm§e _mb_Îmm B©ñQ> B§{S>`m H§$nZrbm {Xbr. `m _mb_Îmo_Ü o Ë`m§Zr "_b~ma {hb' Zmd {Xbobm X{jU _w§~B©Vrb {hadmJma n[agaXoIrb hmoVm. AmOMo _w§~B©Vrb amO ^dZ `mM {R>H$mUr dgbo Amho.
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{~«{Q>e JìhZ©aMo {ZdmgñWmZ Agbobo nydm©l_rMo "JìhZ©_|Q> hmD$g' {ZgJ©aå` Aem _b~ma {hb oWo ñWbm§V[aV hmoÊ`mnydu Vo {d{dY H$mimV VrZ AÝ`Ì {R>H$mUr hmoVo. gdm©ªV n{hbo JìhZ©_|Q> hmD$g "_Zmoa hmD$g' ho hmoVo. Ë`mZ§Va Vo "\$moQ>© hmD$g' oWo Jobo d Ë`mZ§Va Vo nai oWo ñWbm§V[aV Pmbo.
AemàH$mao _b~ma {hb oWrb amO ^dZ ho {~«{Q>e JìhZ©aMo Mm¡Wo {ZdmgñWmZ R>aVo. EH$m ~mOyZo IS>H$m§da C o Agbobo d 47 EH$a àeñV n[agamV g_wÐ{H$Zmar dgbobo amO ^dZ d Ë`mVrb Eo{Vhm{gH$ dmaemÀ`m dmñVy nmhVmjUrM _Z haIyZ OmVo.
Amnë`m XmoZeo dfmªnojm A{YH$ H$mimÀ`m B{VhmgmV amO ^dZmZo AZoH$ ^aË`m-AmohmoQ>çm nm{hë`m AmhoV d Ë`mVyZ Vo AmUIrZM COiyZ {ZKmbo Amho. `m dmñVy_YyZ amÁ`mda emgZ Ho$boë`m AZoH$ ì`ŠVtZr Amnë`m H$V©~JmarÀ`m nmD$bIwUm amO dZmÀ`m n[agamV gmoS>ë`mMo nXmonXr OmUdVo. H$mbm¡KmV amO dZ ~Xbbo Amho. _mÌ Ë`mgmo~VM Ë`mZo Amnbm Eo{Vhm{gH$ dmagmXoIrb OVZ Ho$bobm Amho. Ë`m_wio amO ^dZ oWo AmYw{ZH$Vm d Eo{Vhm{gH$ dmagm `m§Mm ghOgw§Xa g§J_ nhm`bm {_iVmo.
_w§~B©
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
_w§~B© oWrb amO ^dZ gmYmaUmV: AY©dVw©imH$ma n[agamV Cä`m Agboë`m gmV _hÎdmÀ`m B_maVtMm g_yh Amho. Ob {dhma, Ob
yfU, Ob bjU, Ob qMVZ, Ob g^mJ¥h, Ob {H$aU d Ob nyOZ øm n[agamVrb _hÎdmÀ`m B_maVr AmhoV. `m§Vrb àË oH$ dmñVyMo Amnbo ñdV§Ì d¡{eîQ>ç Amho. amO ^dZmÀ`m nyd© ~mOybm
Agbobm Mma {H$bmo_rQ>a bm§~rMm _arZ S>mB©ìh amÌrÀ`m doir Ë`mdarb gd© {Xdo bmJë`mda oWyZ OUy "amUrMm hma' Agë`mgmaIm {XgVmo.
gZ 1820 gmbr _w§~B© àm§VmMo VËH$mbrZ JìhZ©a _mD§$Q>ñQw>AQ>© Epë\$ÝñQ>Z `m§Zr _b~ma {hb oWo "_arZ pìhbm' ZmdmMm Qw>_Xma ~§Jbm ~m§Ybm hmoVm. AmO C o Agbobo amO ^dZ `mM ~§Jë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr d AdVr^dVr dgbobo Amho. EH$ eVH$mhÿZ A{YH$ H$mi bmoQë`m_wio amO ^dZmVrb àË oH$ B_maVr_Ü o H$mbmZwê$n AZoH$ ~Xb H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Ë`m_wio oWrb B_maVt_Ü o {~«{Q>eH$mbrZ ñWmnË`H$bm d AmYw{ZH$Vm `m§Mm {_bm\$ ~Km`bm {_iVmo. `m àH$aUmV _w§~B©_Yrb amO ^dZmVrb ñWmnË`gm¢X`m©Mr PbH$ N>m`m{MÌê$nmZo XmI{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bobm Amho.
dmñVw{deof
Ob g^mJ¥hmÀ`m AY©dVw©imH$ma ìham§S>çmVyZ COdrH$S>o ZOa Q>mH$ë`mg amÁ`nmbm§Mo H$m`m©b` d {ZdmgñWmZ Agbobr "Ob
yfU' hr dmñVy {XgVo.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
Ob ^yfU
amO ^dZ n[agamVrb gdm©{YH$ _hÎdmÀ`m B_maVtn¡H$s EH$ Agbobr "Ob yfU' hr dmñVy gZ 1885 nmgyZ {~«{Q>e JìhZ©aMo d H$mbm§VamZo _hmamîQ>mÀ`m amÁ`nmbm§Mo {ZdmgñWmZ åhUyZ AmoiIbr OmVo. H$mbmZwê$n {~«{Q>e JìhZ©a d ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimVrb amÁ`nmbm§À`m gyMZm§Zwgma
`m B_maVr_Ü o AZoH$ ~Xb H$aÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. Ob yfU B_maVrÀ`m n{hë`m _Oë`mda Agboë`m amÁ`nmbm§À`m {ZdmgñWmZmVyZ npíM_oH$S>rb Aa~r g_wÐ d Ë`mbm {^S>Umè`m {j{VOmMo Aà{V_ {ZgJ©gm¡¢X © nhm`bm {_iVo. Ob yfUÀ`m Vi_Oë`mda amÁ`nmbm§Mo H$m`m©b` Amho. Ë`m{edm` amÁ`nmbm§À`m A{VWtgmR>r àVrjm H$j, {eîQ>_§S>im§À`m oQ>rgmR>r H$m°Ý\$aÝg ê$_, Xe©Zr ^mJmVrb _moH$ir OmJm, _hÎdmÀ`m ì`ŠVtÀ`m oQ>rgmR>r amIrd Agbobm bmD§$O (`mbmM nydu "H$moëS> ê$_' ho Zmd hmoVo), amÁ`nmbm§Mm ^moOZH$j, nmH$J¥h (n°ÝQ>r) VgoM amÁ`nmbm§Mo E. S>r. gr. (n[aghm`H$), ImOJr g{Md Am{U OZg§nH©$ A{YH$mar `m§Mr H$m`m©b o AmhoV.
amÁ`nmbm§Mo {ZdmgñWmZ Agboë`m "Ob yfU' ~§Jë`m_mJrb {hadi. `mM {hadirda amÁ`nmbm§Mo àOmgÎmmH$ {XZmÀ`m (26 OmZodmar) g§Ü obm {ZdS>H$ {Z_§{ÌVm§gmR>r MhmnmZ hmoV AgVo.
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S>mdrH$S>o: "Ob yfU'À`m Vi_Oë`mdarb n[afX H$j (Conference Room). A{bH$S>oM `m H$jmMo ZyVZrH$aU H$aÊ`mV Ambo AgyZ Vmo AÚ`mdV gw{dYm§Zr gwgÁO Ho$bm Amho.
COdrH$S>o: "Ob yfU'À`m Vi_Oë`mdarb amÁ`nmbm§Mo H$m`m©b`. oWrb A§VJ©V
gOmdQ>r_Ü o amOnyV d _wKb e¡br§Mm à^md {XgyZ oVmo.
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S>mdrH$S>o: "Ob yfU'À`m Vi_Oë`mdarb "X bmD§$O' hm _w»` ~¡R>H$ H$j. `mM {R>H$mUr amÁ`nmb _hÎdmÀ`m A{VWtZm oQ>VmV. `m H$jmMoXoIrb A{bH$S>oM ZyVZrH$aU d \${ZªqeJ H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho.
COdrH$S>o: "Ob yfU'À`m Vi_Oë`mdarb amÁ`nmbm§Mm ^moOZ H$j (Dining
Room). gZ 1896 gmbr à{gÕ A_o[aH$Z boIH$ _mH©$ Q²>doZ Amnë`m ^maV
oQ>r_Ü o VËH$mbrZ {~«{Q>e JìhZ©a g±S>hñQ>© `m§Zm amO ^dZ oWo oQ>ë`mMr d Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Mogmo~V ^moOZ Ho$ë`mMr Zm|X B{VhmgmV AmT>iVo. hr oQ> `m H$jmVM Pmbr AgÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho.
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amO ^dZmVrb "Ob bjU' hm AÜ`jr` àmgmX. ^maVmMo amîQ>nVr, CnamîQ>nVr d n§VàYmZ _w§~B©
oQ>rda AgVmZm Ë`m§Mo dmñVì` `mM ~§Jë`mV AgVo.
Ob bjU
gZ 1813 gmbr {~«{Q>e JìhZ©a ga B©ìhmZ Zo{nAZ `m§Zr hm ~§Jbm ~m§Ybm hmoVm. Ë`m doir Ë`mbm "JìhZ©aMm H$m¡bmê$ ~§Jbm' åhUm`Mo. {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m eodQ>r hmM ~§Jbm "âb°J ñQ>m\$ ~§Jbm' `m ZmdmZo AmoiIbm OmD$ bmJbm. AmO "Ob bjU' ho Zmd YmaU Ho$boë`m `m ~§Jë`mbm
"ào{gS>opÝe`b gyQ>' Agohr åhUVmV. ^maVmMo amîQ>nVr, CnamîQ>nVr, n§VàYmZ d BVa amÁ`m§Mo amÁ`nmb _w§~B© oQ>rda AgVmZm `mM ~§Jë`mV Ë`m§Mm _wŠH$m_ AgVmo.
EImÚm amîQ>à_wImÀ`m {ZdmgñWmZmbm emo yZ {XgVrb Aem Amdí`H$ gw{dYm `m ~§Jë`m_Ü o CnbãY AmhoV. AmO XmoZeo df} nyU© Pmboë`m `m ~§Jë`mZo dmñVw aMZoVrb AZoH$ ~Xb nm{hbo AmhoV. {d{dY Xoem§Mo amîQ>à_wI d n§VàYmZ _w§~B©
oQ>rda AgVmZm amÁ`nmb Ob bjU oWrb _w»` ñdmJV H$jm_Ü o `m ZoË`m§Mo Am¡nMm[aH$ ñdmJV H$aVmV d oQ>rZ§Va Ë`m§Zm "~°ÝŠdo> hm°b' (Ob {dhma) oWo emhr ^moOZmgmR>r KoD$Z OmVmV.
_amR>m H$mbI§S>mVrb d¡{eîQ>çnyU© Agoo H$moard bmH$S>r ñV§ , _w»` hm°b_Yrb gmoZoar a§JmV a§J{dbobo bmH$S>r gmo\$mgoQ>²g², npíM_oH$S>rb H$jm§_Yrb ZjrXma bmH$S>r \${Z©Ma `m gd© dñVy `m B_maVrZo nm{hboë`m d¡ dembr B{VhmgmMr gmj XoVmV. _hmamîQ>mVrb OV, Hw$é§XdmS>, \$bQ>U d BVa {R>H$mUÀ`m _amR>m gaXmam§Mr Ï`moS>moa OoÝgZ m {MÌH$mamZo 1866 gmbr H$mT>bobr {Od§V ì`{º${MÌo "Ob bjU'À`m _w»` g^mJ¥hmÀ`m q^Vr§da AmOhr nhm`bm {_iVmV.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
Ob bjU _Yrb N>moQ>m "^moOZH$j'.
Ob bjU àmgmXmVrb _w»` "e`Z H$j'. oWrb gOmdQ> gmYr Varhr gm¢X ©nyU© Agë`m_wio dmñVì`mg Amboë`m gÝ_mZZr` A{VWtZm oWrb dmVmdaU
AmnwbH$sMo d gwIX dmQ>Vo.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
"Ob bjU'À`m Xe©Zr ^mJmVrb _Ü`dVu ~¡R>H$ H$j. `mM H$jm_Ü o amÁ`nmb {d{dY Xoem§À`m amîQ>à_wIm§Mo ñdmJV H$aVmV. VgoM ^maVmMo amîQ>nVr, CnamîQ>nVr d n§VàYmZ `m àmgmXmV _wŠH$m_mbm AgVmZm Amnë`m A{VWtZm Vo `mM H$jmV oQ>V AgVmV.
36
_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
37
_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
Ob qMVZ
AJXr gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV "{g½Zbg© hmD$g' `m ZmdmZo n[a{MV Agboë`m d AmO "Ob qMVZ' ho Zmd YmaU Ho$boë`m `m ~§Jë`mbm amO ^dZmVrb bmoH$ "nm°B©ªQ> ~§Jbmo' `m ZmdmZo AmoiIVmV. `mMo H$maU hm ~§Jbm _b~ma {hbÀ`m AJXr Q>moH$mda dgbobm Amho.
B{VhmgmVrb Zm|XrZwgma gZ 1710 gmbr lrJw§S>r Xodr _§{XamOdi C^m Agbobm bhmZgm EH$_mÌ ~§Jbm VmoM hm Agmdm Aer XmQ> eŠ`Vm Amho. Ë`m doir Vmo ~§Jbm {enm`m§H${aVm gwajmJ¥h åhUyZ dmnaÊ`mV oV Ago. {demb g_wÐ Am{U {H$Zmam `mda OmJVm nhmam R>odÊ`mgmR>r wÕZrVrÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ Vmo ~m§Ybm Agë`mMo ñnîQ>nUo OmUdVo. _b~ma nm°BªQ> oWo B©ìhmZ Zo{nAZ `m§Zr nŠH$m H$m¡bmê$ ~§Jbm (gÜ`mMo "Ob bjU') ~m§Yon ªV "Ob qMVZ' hm EH$_mÌ ~§Jbm ApñVËdmV hmoVm. H$Xm{MV `m ~§Jë`mVyZ {XgUmam gy m©ñV d H$m`_ dmhUmam Jma g_wÐrdmam `m_wioM n§{S>V Odmhabmb Zohê$, B§{Xam Jm§Yr, amOrd Jm§Yr ho ZoVo _w§~B©V dmñVì`mg AgVmZm `m ~§Jë`mV amhUo ng§V H$arV.
"Ob qMVZ' ~§Jbm. _b~ma {hbÀ`m AJXr Q>moH$mda g_wÐ{H$Zmar IS>H$mÀ`m H$S>oda C^m Agbobm hm ~§Jbm "nm°BªQ> ~§Jbmo' `m ZmdmZo AmoiIbm OmVmo. nydu `mbmM "hpÝQ>J bm°O' qH$dm "{g½Zbg© hmD$g' ho Zmd hmoVo.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
S>mdrH$S>o: "Ob qMVZ' A{VWrJ¥hmVrb _w»` ~¡R>>H$ H$j. ^ì` Aa~r g_wÐmda Ñ{ï>jon Q>mH$Umè`m `m H$jmVrb H$mMoÀ`m {IS>Š`m§_YyZ _w§~B©À`m _arZ S>mB©ìhMo Z`Zaå` Ñí` {XgVo.
COdrH$S>o: bhmZerM n§aVw gm¡§X ©nyU© nÕVrZo gOmdQ> Ho$bobr Ob qMVZ _Yrb "S>m`qZJ ê$_'. S>m`qZJ Q>o~bÀ`m _mJrb ~mOyg H$moard H$m_ Ho$bobo Am^mgr Ûma Amho. Ë`m_mJrb {Xdo bmJë`mZ§Va àH$memÀ`m gm¡å` VoOmZo ÛmamVrb gw§Xa ZjrH$m_ CRy>Z {XgVo.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
Ob g^mJ¥h
gd©gmYmaUnUo Am¡nMm[aH$ ñdê$nmÀ`m H$m ©H«$_m§gmR>r Obg^mJ¥hmMr {Z{_©Vr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `mM Ob g^mJ¥hmbm "Xa~ma hm°b' åhUVmV. enW{dYr VgoM BVa emgH$s` d gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m ©H«$_ `m g^mJ¥hm_Ü o hmoV AgVmV. `m g^mJ¥hmMr AmgZj_Vm gmYmaUnUo
250 nmhþUo ~gy eH$Vrb BVH$s Amho.
gZ 1911 gmbr Om°O© {dQ>oQ> m§Zr Xa~ma hm°bMr dmñVyaMZm Ho$br. AmO eVH$nyVu Pmbobm d B{VhmgmMm gmjrXma Agbobm hm hm°b {VVŠ`mM {X_mImZo C^m Amho. Ob g^mJ¥h:$
gm_mÝ`V… Xa~ma hm°b `m ZmdmZo n[a{MV Agbobr hr dmñVy gZ 1911 gmbr ~m§YÊ`mV Ambr. amÁ`nmb, _w»`_§Ìr, H°${~ZoQ> _§Ìr, _w§~B© CÀM Ý`m`mb`mMo _w»` Ý`m`mYre d BVa H$mhr KQ>ZmË_H$ nXm§da {Z wŠV Pmboë`m ì`ŠVtMo enWJ«hU g_ma§ `mM g^mJ¥hm_Ü o hmoVmV.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
gwê$dmVrbm "Ob Zm`H$' ho Zmd Agboë`m Xa~ma hm°bMr AmgZj_Vm A§XmOo 250 bmoH$ ~gy eH$Vrb BVH$s Amho. Xa~ma hm°bÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOy§Zm OrdZd¥j hr g§H$ënZm Xe©{dUmar {demb V¡b{MÌo AmhoV. _w§~B©À`m N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO dñVy g§J«hmb`mZo Img amO ^dZgmR>r hr V¡b{MÌo V`ma H$adyZ KoVbr hmoVr.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
Ob {dhma
B§J«Om§Mo {eîQ>mMma d Ë`m§À`m H$a_UwH$sMo arVr[admO Ñ{ï>jonmV R>odyZ aMZm H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m "Ob {dhma' _Ü o S>mì`m ~mOybm "~m°bê$_' d Ë`mÀ`m {déÕ ~mOybm {demb "~°ÝŠdo hm°b' (^moOZ H$j) Amho. `m{R>H$mUr EH$mM doir {H$_mZ 40 OU emhr ^moOZmbm ~gy eH$Vrb BVHo$ àeñV
Q>o~b Amho. Ob {dhmaÀ`m _mJrb d nwT>rb ~mOybm EH$ àeñV ìham§S>mXoIrb Amho. gmYmaUnUo {d{dY Xoem§Mo amîQ>à_wI d n§VàYmZ _w§~B© oQ>rda AgVmZm Ë`m§À`m gÝ_mZmW© Am`mo{OV emhr-^moOZ g_ma§ oWo hmoVmV. Ob {dhmaÀ`m dmñVyaMZo_Ü o {d{dY dmñVy g§ñH¥$VtMm {_bm\$ nhm`bm {_iVmo. ñdmV§Í`àmßVrZ§Va Ob{dhma_Ü o H$mbmZwê$n ~Xb H$aÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. Xoe-{dXoemVrb nmhþÊ`m§Zm Amnë`m A{^OmV gm¢X`m©Zo WŠH$ H$aUmè`m Ob{dhma `m dmñVy_Ü o _yi {~«{Q>e dmñVyaMZoMr d¡{eîQ>ço _mÌ OerÀ`m Ver R>odÊ`mV Ambr AmhoV. Xmam§À`m H$_mZr, {IS>Š`m d \${Z©Ma_Ü o _mÌ ^maVr` H$bmHw$garMm à^md nhm`bm {_iVmo.
ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV ~m°bê$_ åhUyZ AmoiIë`m OmUmè`m hm°b_Ü o gÜ`m {dXoer amîQ>à_wIm§À`m gÝ_mZmW© hmoUmè`m emhr moOZmnydu C^` Xoem§À`m {eîQ>_§S>imVrb gXñ`m§Mm nañnam§er n[aM` d AZm¡nMm[aH$ MMm© hmoVo. Ë`mZ§Va amÁ`nmb gd© gÝ_mZZr` A{VWtgh ~°ÝŠdo hm°bH$S>o ^moOZmgmR>r àñWmZ H$aVmV.
_w§~B© amO ^dZmVrb AË §V nwamVZ dmñVy§n¡H$s EH$ Agbobo "Ob {dhma'. Ob {dhmaÀ`m EH$m ~mOybm ~m°bê$_ AgyZ Xþgè`m ~mOybm EH$ ^ì` ^moOZ H$j Amho. `m dmñVyZo 19 ì`m eVH$mÀ`m CÎmamYm©nmgyZ AZoH$ A{VWtÀ`m gÝ_mZmW© {Xë`m OmUmè`m emhr _oOdmÝ`m nm{hë`m AmhoV.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
"Ob {dhma' g^mJ¥hmMo _w»` àdoeÛma. oWyZ AmV àdoe Ho$ë`mda S>mdrH$S>o ~m°bê$_ d COdrH$S>o ~°ÝŠdo hm°b (^moOZ H$j) ÑîQ>rg nS>Vmo. 19 ì`m eVH$mVrb OmirXma ZjrH$m_ Am{U àdoeÛma Agboë`m XmoZ bmH$S>r q^Vr `m XmoÝhr H$jm§Zm {dbJ H$aUmè`m nS>ÚmMo H$m_ H$aVmV. `m bmH$S>r ZjrXma q^VtZm "_Ðmg dwS>Z Ombr' åhUVmV. Ob {dhmaÀ`m _Ü`dVu ^mJmV VrZ bmH$S>r \$bH$ AgyZ Ë`m§da gZ 1665 nmgyZ _w§~B© àm§VmMo JìhZ©a hmoD$Z Joboë`m VgoM 1960 nmgyZ _hmamîQ>mMo amÁ`nmbnX yf{dUmè`m ì`ŠVtÀ`m Zmdm§Mr Ë`m§À`m H$m ©H$mb§mgh gyMr bmdbobr Amho.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
amO ^dZmVrb gdm©{YH$ OwÝ`m dmñVy§n¡H$s EH$ Agboë`m Ob {dhma_Yrb `mM "~°ÝŠdo hm°b' _Ü o amÁ`nmb XoemoXoerÀ`m amîQ>à_wI d emgZà_wIm§À`m gÝ_mZmW© emhr _oOdmZrMo Am`moOZ H$arV AgVmV.
Ob {dhma_Yrb OwÝ`m dmñVye¡brMr AmR>dU XoUmar "~m°bê$_'. `mM{R>H$mUr g_ma§ r` ^moOZmnydu amÁ`nmbm§À`m {Z_§{ÌVm§Mm BVa XoemÀ`m amîQ>à_wIm§À`m {eîQ>_§S>imVrb gXñ`m§er n[aM` hmoVmo d C^`njr AZm¡nMm[aH$ MMm© hmoVo.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
AmOhr amO ^dZmV H$bmHw$ga d ZjrH$m_ Agbobo bmH$S>r \${Z©Ma, {MÌo, {eëno m d BVa Xþ_ui dñVy OVZ H$ê$Z R>odÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV. `m gd© dñVy oWo {d{dY H$mimV dmñVì`mg Agboë`m ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVrb JìhZ©g© d amÁ`nmbm§À`m CÀM A{^éMrMr gmj XoVmV. JìhZ©a Epë\$ÝñQ>Z `m§Zr AmUbobo
\«|$M \${Z©Ma, B©amUr amOHw$_marMo 19 ì`m eVH$mVrb {MÌ, AH$amì`m eVH$mVrb {ednmd©VrMo {eën `m Am{U BVa dñVy OwÝ`m amÁ`H$Ë`mªMr gm¢X ©ÑîQ>r d H$boàVr A{^éMr XmI{dVmV.
amO dZmbm oQ> XoUmè`m AZoH$ A{VWtZr amÁ`nmbm§Zm {Xboë`m H$bmË_H$ dñVyXoIrb amO ^dZmV OVZ H$ê$Z R>odÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV. `m§n¡H$s {ZdS>H$ dñVy d {eëno `m§Mr N>m`m{MÌo `m àH$aUm_Ü o g_m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Ambr AmhoV.
H$bmd¡^d
"~m°bê$_ d "~°ÝŠdo hm°b' `m H$jm§Zm {dbJ H$aUmè`m H$moard bmH$S>r q^Vr§darb H$bmHw$gar_Ü o XS>bobo ES>Š`mMo era JVH$mimVrb H$mamJram§Mo hñVH$m¡eë` d H$boàVr ~m§YrbH$s Xe©{dVo.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
S>mdrH$S>o: Ob {dhmaÀ`m _Ü`dVu ^mJmV bmdbobo EH$ AmH$f©H$ Pw§~a
COdrH$S>o: Ob yfUÀ`m Xe©Zr
^mJmV R>odbobr ZQ>amOmMr AîQ>YmVyMr _yVu
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
S>mdrH$S>o: _o 2012 _Ü o _¥V Pmbobm amO ^dZmVrb hm _moa Q>°ŠgrS>_u emñÌmZwgma OVZ H$ê$Z Ob {dhmaÀ`m Xe©Zr ^mJmV R>odÊ`mV Ambm Amho.
COdrH$S>o: Ob yfUÀ`m Vi_Oë`mdarb amÁ`nmbm§Mm ^moOZ H$j d nmH$J¥h `m§À`m_Ü o AmS>nS>Xm åhUyZ \$m`~a Mm¡H$Q>r_Ü o R>odÊ`mV Ambobr W_m©H$mobMr H$bmH¥$Vr.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
AJXr S>mdrH$S>o: amÁ`nmbm§À`m H$m`m©b`mÀ`m àdoeÛmamOdi R>odbobr {MZr _mVrMr \w$bXmUr
S>m>drH$S>o: Ob bjUÀ`m ~¡R>H$ Imobr_Ü o Q>o~bmda R>odbobm {nVi YmVyMm _moa.
COdrH$S>o: {~«{Q>e JìhZ©aÀ`m amOdQ>rV AmUbobo \«|$M \${Z©Ma AmO amÁ`nmbm§À`m H$m`m©b`mV R>odboobo Amho. eVH$mhÿZ A{YH$ H$mi OwÝ`m `m \${Z©Madarb {MÌo AmOhr AmíM ©H$maH$[aË`m Amnë`m _yi a§Jm§gh em~yV AmhoV.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
Ob yfUÀ`m ìham§S>çmV EH$m ~mOybm H$moard H$m_ Ho$bobm OwZm H$bmË_H$ Am^mgr XadmOm.
Ob yfU dmñVy_Yrb Vi_Oë`mdarb ^moOZ H$jmÀ`m COdrH$Sy>Z amÁ`nmbm§À`m {ZdmgñWmZmH$S>o OmUmam hm OwÝ`m nÕVrMm {OZm
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
amO^dZ n[aga {ZgJ©gm¢X`m©Zo ZQ>bm AgyZ AmO _w§~B©V ApñVËdmV Agboë`m _moOŠ`m O¡d-{d{dYVm n[agam§_Ü o Ë`mMr JUZm hmoVo.
EHo$H$mir _b~ma {hb hm KZXmQ PmS>r Agbobm àXoe hmoVm d VoWo ~moQ>m§da _moOÊ`mBVHo$ ~§Jbo, {deofV: emgH$s` {ZdmgñWmZo hmoVr. dmT>Ë`m eharH$aUm_wio _b~ma {hb oWrb h[aV àXoe H$_r Pmbm Agbm Varhr amO ^dZmVrb
OdiOdi XmoZ {H$. _r. bm§~rMo O§Jb _mÌ AmOVmJm`V OVZ H$ê$Z R>odÊ`mV Ambo Amho. {d{dY àH$maMr PmS>o, dZñnVr d dobr VgoM newnjr `m§Mm VoWo _wŠV g§Mma Amho. AZoH$Xm dmiHo$ída _mJm©bm {_iUmè`m añË`mZo o-Om H$arV AgVmZm nwT>o _moam§Mo Wdo ZmMV Agë`m_wio amÁ`nmbm§À`m
_moQ>maJmS>çm§Mm Vm\$m H$mhr H$mi Wm§~dmdm bmJVmo.
~m°å~o Z°Mab {hñQ>ar gmogm`Q>r (~r.EZ²>.EM².Eg².) `m g§ñWoZo 1997 gmbr Ho$boë`m nmhUrZwgma amO ^dZ n[agamV 36 {d{dY nú`m§À`m àOmVr AmT>ië`mMo Z_yX Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m{edm` oWo Xþ_ui gmJar àdmi, C^`Ma àmUr, \w$bnmIao d H$sQ>H$ AmT>ië`mMo Z_yX Ho$bo Amho. PmS>m§À`m H$mhr Xþ_ui àOmVrXoIrb oWo {Q>Hy$Z AmhoV. `m àH$aUm_Ü o amO ^dZmVrb {ZgJ©g§nXoMo Xe©Z KS>{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho.
{ZgJ©g§nXm
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
amO ^dZ n[agamV IméVmBªÀ`m hŠH$mMr H$mhr PmS>o AmhoV. Xa~ma hm°bg_moarb AemM EH$m PmS>mdê$Z CXa^aUmgmR>r Imbr CVabobr hr Ima BWë`m neynú`m§À`m gh-ApñVËdmMr gmj XoVo.
Amnë`m gmdOmÀ`m emoYmV {\$aVmZm AMmZH$ gmdY n{dÌm KoVbobm hm amO ^dZmVrb _w§Jyg
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
S>mdrH$S>o: amO ^dZmV Zì`mZoM V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m h[aVJ¥hm_Ü o {d{dY àOmVtMr a§Jr~oa§Jr \w$bPmS>o, AmVrb W§S> d hdoera dmVmdaUmV ~haV AmhoV.
COdrH$S>o: "Ob yfU' `m amÁ`nmbm§À`m {ZdmgñWmZmÀ`m _mJrb ~mOyg doJdoJù`m nmVù`m§da XmoZ {hadrJma bm°Ýg AmhoV. "Aßna bm°Z'À`m _Ü`^mJr ZrbH$_imMo EH$ N>moQ>o dVw©imH$ma Vio Amho.
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_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
75
_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
ZmJnya oWrb amO ^dZ gwédmVrbm _Ü` àm§VmÀ`m _w»` H${_eZaMo {ZdmgñWmZ hmoVo. H$mbm§VamZo Vo _Ü` àm§V Am{U dèhmS>À`m JìhZ©aMo {ZdmgñWmZ Pmbo. ñdmV§Í`àmßVrZ§Va VoM OwÝ`m _Ü`àXoemÀ`m amÁ`nmbm§Mo {ZdmgñWmZ Pmbo d eodQ>r _hmamîQ> amÁ`mÀ`m {Z{_©VrZ§Va _hmamîQ>mVrb amO ^dZm§n¡H$s
EH$ Pmbo. go{_Zar {hbÀ`m {haì`mJma Hw$erV, à{gÕ grVm~S>u {H$ëë`mÀ`m npíM_ {Xeobm Cä`m Agboë`m ZmJnya oWrb amO^dZmbm ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$ "JìhZ©a H$moR>r' åhUyZhr AmoiIVmV. EH$eodrg dfmªnojmhr A{YH$ H$mimMm Eo{Vhm{gH$ dmagm bm^bobr amO ^dZmMr ^ì` dmñVy ñdmV§Í`nyd© VgoM ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimVrb AZoH$ _hÎdnyU© KQ>Zm§Mr gmjrXma am{hbr Amho.
ZmJnya oWrb amO ^dZmMr B_maV ~m§YÊ`mg A§XmOo 2 Vo 3 dfmªMm H$mbmdYr bmJbm. _Ü` àm§VmMo _w»` H${_eZa E. nr. _°H$S>moZmëS> ho ZmJnya amO^dZ `m XoIÊ`m B_maVrVrb gd©àW_ {Zdmgr hmoVo. H${_eZaMo {ZdmñWmZ Agbobr hr B_maV H$mbm§VamZo _Ü` àm§VmÀ`m JìhZ©aMo "JìhZ©_|Q> hmD$g' Pmbr. `m àH$aUm_Ü o JVH$miMo ñ_aU Am{U ^{dî`mMr C_oX OmJ{dUmè`m `m Eo{Vhm{gH$ dmñVyMo {d{dY A§Jm§Zr Xe©Z KS>{dÊ`mV Ambo Amho.
ZmJnya
76
_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
77
_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
gd© ~mOy§Zr d¥jdëbtZr doT>bobr ZmJnya oWrb amO ^dZmMr OwÝ`m H$mimVrb ^ì`{Xì` Am{U XoIUr dmñVy nmhÿZ AmnU {dpñ_V hmoVmo. `m dmñVyZo {~«{Q>e d ^maVr` Aem doJdoJiçm g§ñH¥$Vr OdiyZ nm{hë`m Agë`m_wio ñdm^m{dH$nUo {VÀ`m aMZo_Ü oXoIrb doJdoJù`m dmñVwe¡btMm
g§J_ nmhmd`mg {_iVmo.
ZjrXma H$_mZr, ìham§S>m d Ë`mVyZ {XgUmar "~m°b ê$_', _w»` {XdmUImZm d ^moOZH$j Amnë`m ^ì`Vo_wio nmhUmè`m§Mo bj doYyZ KoVmV. g§nyU© Xa~ma hm°b_Ü o Q>mH$Ê`mV Ambobm n{e© Z Jm{bMm `m dmñVyZo nm{hboë`m d¡ dembr H$mimMr AmR>dU XoVmo. ZmJnya amO ^dZ oWo Ambobm àË oH$ A{VWr oWrb ñdÀN>, gw§Xa d {hadoJma dVw©imH$ma bm°Z ~KyZ WŠH$ Z Pmbm VaM Zdb! `m bm°Z_wio amO ^dZ dmñVyMr ^ì`Vm Am{U gm¢X © {ZpíMVM IwbyZ {XgVo.
dmñVw{deof
ZmJnya amO ^dZmÀ`m Eo{Vhm{gH$ B_maVrÀ`m H$_mZrXma ìham§S>çmVyZ nmÊ`mMo C§M H$ma§Oo d g_moarb {dñVrU© {hadoJma bm°Z ÑîQ>rg nS>Vo.
78
_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
79
_hmamï´>mVrb amO^dZod¡^dembr B{VhmgmMr gmjrXma
Dunt num inim yo dignibh etuerostrud tat. nulputetummy etum niamcom nt num inim yo dignibh etuerostrud tat.
Dunt num inim yo dignibh etuerostrud tat. Sandrer susci nulputetummy nulla onullam in etum niamcom molorti.
S>mdrH$S>o: amO ^dZmÀ`m _w»` B_maVr_Ü o S>mì`m ~mOybm Agbobm Xa~ma hm°b emgH$s` d gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m ©H«$_m§gmR>r dmnaÊ`mV oVmo.
COdrH$S>o: Xa~ma hm°b_Yrb N>moQ>oImZr ì`mgnrR>
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