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Environmental Controls I/IG. Lecture 3 Climate Comfort Strategies Bioclimatic Architecture. Climate. Typical exterior conditions as experienced over several years. Weather. Description of temperatures, humidity, precipitation, wind, and cloudiness. Climate. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Environmental Controls I/IGEnvironmental Controls I/IGLecture 3
ClimateComfort Strategies
Bioclimatic Architecture
Typical exterior conditions as experienced over several years
ClimateClimate
Description of temperatures, humidity, precipitation, wind, and cloudiness
WeatherWeather
Regional climate and local weather affected by the…
ClimateClimate
… which creates seasonal effects which are further enhanced by the…
(1) Revolution of Earth around (1) Revolution of Earth around SunSun
…which changes the solar angles.
These angle changes and atmospheric conditions affect the…
(2) Declination of the Earth’s (2) Declination of the Earth’s axisaxis
L: p. 130 F 6.8a
…reaching the earth’s surface.
As radiation reaches the surface, convection air loops are formed. These currents are altered by the…
(3) Solar Radiation(3) Solar Radiation
(4) Rotation of the Earth(4) Rotation of the Earth… that forms air currents known as the “prevailing westerlies” and various sea currents.
These flow patterns in turn are altered by…
PrevailingWesterlies
…such as channels, mountains, hills, valleys, and canyons.
(5) Surface Characteristics(5) Surface Characteristics
Climate ZonesClimate ZonesNorth American climate zones were originally perceived as distinct and broad.
Olgyay Bioclimatic ChartOlgyay Bioclimatic ChartDeveloped to quantify shifts to comfort zone Adding moisture Adding ventilation Adjust MRT Adjust solar radiation
BioclimaticBioclimaticChartChart
86ºF/ 30% RH275 fpm wind7 grains H2O/# of air78.3ºF MRT
100ºF/ 10% RH28 grains H2O/# of air
48ºF/ 40% RH295 Btuh Radiation
AIA Climate Zones (1980)AIA Climate Zones (1980)
Psychrometric ProfilePsychrometric ProfileZone 4
Psychrometric ProfilePsychrometric ProfileZone 4
Comfort StrategiesComfort StrategiesApproaches to thermal comfort Technology based Bioclimatic based
Technology BasedTechnology BasedUses conventional mechanical systems as primary thermal comfort strategy
Pre 1900 Vernacular/low technology
1906 Air-conditioning1917 Curtain wall1934 Thermopane window1937 Fluorescent lighting1945 Mass production1951 Nuclear powered electricity
1972/1978 Energy crises~1985 Smart technology
Bioclimatics1995+ Technology + bioclimatics
Technology TimelineTechnology Timeline
Low Technology & Low Technology & VernacularVernacular
Conventional Technology Conventional Technology
Comfort VentilationComfort Ventilation
Evaporative CoolingEvaporative Cooling
High Thermal MassHigh Thermal Mass
High Thermal Mass with Night High Thermal Mass with Night VentilationVentilation
Internal GainsInternal Gains
HumidificationHumidification
Passive and Active SolarPassive and Active Solar
Strategy SelectionStrategy Selection86ºF/ 30% RHNatural VentilationEvaporative CoolingHigh Mass Cooling
100ºF/ 10% RHEvaporative CoolingHigh Mass Cooling w/ Night Ventilation
48ºF/ 40% RHPassive Solar (~1475 Btu/ft2-day)
Bioclimatic BasedBioclimatic BasedUses building form and climate opportunities as initial strategy
Bioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic ArchitectureClimate adaptive takes advantage of
local climate to enhance comfort
Climate rejecting relies primarily on
mechanical systems enhance thermal comfort
Climate Adaptive BuildingsClimate Adaptive Buildings Architectural form creates
microclimates Natural ventilation/daylight Seasonally dynamic Thermal mass
Climate Rejecting BuildingsClimate Rejecting Buildings Ignore local climate Primarily use HVAC Seasonally static Light weight material
Bioclimatic-Bioclimatic-ResidentialResidential
Small scale, low rise, personal user
Bioclimatic-CommercialBioclimatic-Commercial Large scale,
low, mid and high rise, public user
Bioclimatic-InstitutionalBioclimatic-Institutional High density, low
and mid rise, public and personal user
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