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FLOWS VS. PRIMORDIALISM:THE ETHNOSCAPE IN THE BUBBLE
OUTLINE
1. Arjun Appadurai and Modernity at Large2. The Bubble 3. Next Week
• Anthony Giddens
Disembeddedness (from Time & Space) & Self-Reflexivity
• David Harvey
Time-Space Compression
• Arjun Appadurai
Disjuncture & Cultural Global Flows
(Post)Modernity
MODERNITY AT LARGE (ARJUN APPADURAI)o to explore global disjunctures “is to look at the relationship among five dimensions of global cultural flows --(a) ethnoscapes (b) mediascapes, (c) technoscapes, (d) financescapes, and (e) ideoscapes. --scape-- the fluid, irregular shapes of these landscapes (p. 33)--imagined; imagination as a social practice
THE FIVE “SCAPES”
o Ethnoscapes: landscape of persons who constitute the shifting world in which we live: tourists, immigrants, refugees, exiles, guest workers, and other moving groups and individuals … “people in flux”o Mediascape: repertoire of images & narratives and “the distribution of the electronic capabilities to produce and disseminate information”o Ideoscapes: the ideologies of states and the counterideologies of movementso Financescapes: a more mysterious, rapid, and difficult flows of global capital, currency and investmento Technoscapes: technology, both mechanical and informational, flows at high speeds across various borders
DISJUNCTURE = DETERRITORIALIZATION1) This terms refers to obvious examples such as transnational corporations and money marketsbut also to ethnic groups, sectarian movements, and
political formations, which increasingly operate in ways that transcend specific territorial boundaries and identities. (49)2) affects …loyalty of groups, their transnational manipulation of currencies and other forms of wealth and investment, and the strategies of states. The loosening of the holds between people, wealth, and territories fundamentally alters the basis of cultural reproduction (49).
Global Flows
What stops the flows?
Global Flows
5 scapes
Nation-State marginalizedVs. Diasporas
Minoritiesmarginalized
Transnation-alism vs
Funda-mentalism
DISJUNCTURE BETWEEN NATION AND STATE
Israel Palestine
PRIMORDIALISM1) a worldwide rebirth of ethnic nationalisms and separatisms is not … “tribalism,” implying old histories, local rivalries, and deep hatreds. 2) Rather, the ethnic violence we see in many places is part of a wider transformation that is suggested by the term culturalism. 2) Culturalism… is the conscious mobilization of cultural differences in the service of a larger national or transnational politics. It is frequently associated with extraterritorial histories and memories, sometimes with refugee status and exile, and almost always with struggles for stronger recognition from existing nation-states or from various transnational bodies (15). “counternational and metacultural”3) hatred or antagonism in the “neighborhood”
THE BUBBLE Characters
Noam
Ashraf (Shimi)
Lulu
Yali (as Alon Freidmann)
Golan –Yali’s boyfriend
Shaul —Lulu’s 2nd boyfriend
Sharon –Lulu’s 1st boyfriend
Rana, Ashraf's Sister
Jihad --brother-in-law
ETHNOSCAPE & MEDIASCAPE IN THE BUBBLE Mediascape --International journalist, Music and magazine
Ethnoscape – migration/passing of Palestinians; roads between Nablus & Tel Aviv; studying abroad
Ideoscape – checkpoint vs. "Rave against the occupation“
Technoscape – use of cell phones
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS1) How are the “scapes” of flows interrelated, with conjunctures or disjunctures?2) Specifically, where do you find images of flows in the film? Do they suggest freedom? 3) What role does the mothers (of Noam and Ashraf) play? 4) What do you think about these young people, their love and their revolutionary ideals? Are they idealistic, or ineffectual? 5) How are the army, fundamentalist group and love/death interconnected? Why does Ashraf want to replace Jihad to drop the second bomb?6) What do you think about the final scene of explosion? Is it like sex as Noam says?7) Are there happy couples in the film? 8) How is the film compared with Incendies?
SPACES OF CONJUNCTURE & DISJUNCTUREGeographic Disjuncture: Check point, Jerusalem, Nablus, Tel AvivGeographic & Cultural Conjunctures:the roads, street signs The youths, their Westernized interests and signs
MEDIASCAPE The Younger Generation
MEDIASCAPE: MAGAZINE Go for the “sexy” and celeb culture: Every celebrity we choosegets a two-page spread,and recommends the hottestthings of the hour.And you get the cover.
MEDIASCAPE: NEW IDENTITY AND SEX IDOLS
29:01 What do you think about the characters’ fantasies
Noam: River Phoenix, Morrissey,
Chris Lowe from the Pet Shop Boys...
Ashraf: George Michael
Yali : Jason Orange
SOUND TRACK: VARIOUS ARTISTS*
Ivri Lider ( Israeli pop star)Song to the Sirens Long a float on shipless oceansI did all my best to smile'Til your singing eyes and fingersDrew me loving to your isleAnd you sangSail to me, sail to meLet me enfold youHere I am, here I amWaiting to hold you… (Ivri Lider: 1:19)
The bar scene: Ivri Lider - The Man I Love 36:17
The Others
Opening: Bright Eyes (American) -First Day Of My Life
Rave Party: Antiquex - Day Out / Close To You
Keren Ann (Israeli in France) -Chelsea Burns, Sit In the Sun
CONJUNCTURE (1): ANTI-OCCUPATION MOVEMENT AND THE USE OF SEX AS SIGNS
T-shirt, poster, Sticker & flyer
CONJUNCTURE (2): ANTI-OCCUPATION MOVEMENT AND PERSONAL REVENGEDivert their frustration onto the dishonest lover. Ashraf discovered by Sharon
Avoid talking about politics (00:21)
TEL AVIV: COLONIAL HISTORY
The European idiotswho built the city in the 1920; didn't know muchabout the Mediterranean.They put its back to the sea.Streets run parallel to the sea and block the breeze.
CHECKPOINT
1) a woman has a miscarriage; 2) [Jihad’s] father had a heart attack. His ambulance was stopped at checkpoint. 3) weak protest in front of the journalists
CHECKPOINT: CONJUNCTURE (2) ARMY + LOVE
Colonial gaze Under surveillance Recognition of
love
RAVE AGAINST OCCUPATION
We don't need the territories,we need to dance!
Rave against the occupation!A party for peace!
RAVE PARTY & ETHNOSCAPE
Lulu: l'm thinking of studying in New York next year. [Or maybe Paris.]Consequence of the party?
AFTER THE PARTY: CONJUNCTURE OF SEX AND WAR
1) Sex: Ashraf comes out of the closet to his sister, but gets rejected by her. 2) War: another suicide bombing at Tel Aviv Israeli soldiers kills A’s sister by accident 3) Sex & War: Ashraf becomes a suicide bomber.
SPACES OF CONNECTIONS
Jerusalem 1: 14; -->
l was very young when we left,l don't remember much.Maybe we were neighbors.-Yeah, something like that.Noam Missing the mother (Sarah)
Love and Death
SPACES FOR CONNECTION: PLAY WITHIN THE PLAY: Bent
I LOVE TEL AVIV
CONCLUSIONRevenge on both personal and political levels: tragedyDisjuncture (checkpoint): leads to conjunction/connection of the two lovers Attempts at Conjuncture (Rave party): leads indirectly to their final separation and reunionWar + Love/Sex/Death
NY Beirut
WORKS CITED
Arjun Appadurai. Modernity At Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. U of Minnesota P, 1996.
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