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garemos xarisxis garemosdacviTi
monitoringis sistemis Sefaseba
saqarTveloSi da misi harmonizacia
evrokavSiris direqtivebTan
2016
1
garemos xarisxis garemosdacviTi
monitoringis sistemis Sefaseba
saqarTveloSi da misi harmonizacia
evrokavSiris direqtivebTan
პოლიტიკის დოკუმენტი
avtori: manana deviZe, nino CxobaZe
2
sarCevi
Sesavali ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
problemis aRwera ................................................................................................................................................ 4
problemis gadaWris gzebi............................................................................................................................ 4
rekomendaciebi ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
daskvna ............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
reziume ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14
danarTi ........................................................................................................................................................................... 15
3
Sesavali
saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos erT-erTi umTavresi
valdebulebaa, daicvas qveynis bunebrivi da kulturuli garemo, xeli
Seuwyos bunebrivi resursebis racionalur da mdgrad gamoyenebas da
uzrunvelyos sacxovreblad usafrTxo garemos arseboba, rac umTavresi
valdebulebaa rogorc axlandeli, ise momavali Taobebis winaSe.
politikuri damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
aqtiurad Caeba garemos dacvis, globaluri ekologiuri usafrTxoebisa da
`mdgradi ganviTarebisken~ mimarTul saerTaSoriso procesebSi. dRes qveyans
ori ZiriTadi miarTuleba da amocana aqvs. es gaxlavT: 2030 wlisTvis
mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi (romelic qveyanas daekisra 2015 wels) da
valdabulebebi `asocirebis SeTanxmebiT~, romelic imave valdebulebebs
nergavs da anxorcielebs, rasac evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba moiTxovs.
ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze, gansakuTrebuli
roli da mniSvneloba eniWeba garemosa da bunebrivi resursebisadmi frTxil
da gonivrul damokidebulebas, raTa qveynisTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis
infrastruqturuli proeqtebis ganxorcielebis procesSi srulad aisaxos
qveynis mosaxleobis ekonomikuri, socialuri interesebi da agreTve gatrades
is garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi, romlebic garantirebulad SeinarCuneben
bunebriv ekosistemebs.
haeris dabinZurebiT gamowveuli sikvdilianobis maCveneblebiT msoflio
jandacvis organizaciam (WHO) saqarTvelo erT-erT yvelaze dabinZurebuli
qveynebis rangSi ganixila, rac sruliad Seusabamoa qveyanis naklebad
ganviTarebul sawarmoo infrastuqturasTan. amdenad, atmosferuli haeris
dabinZurebis maRali maCvenebeli uxarisxo sawvaviT, gaumarTavi meoradi
avtotransportiTa (moZvelebuli) da haeris damtverianebis maRali doniT
aris gamowveuli.
saqarTvelos mTavrobam, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis pirobebSi, pirveli
garemosdacviTi erovnuli moqmedebaTa gegma (NEAP-I) SeimuSava da daamtkica
2000 wels. gegma iTvaliswinebda RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas 2000-2004
wlebis periodisTvis.
am dokumentSi urbanul dasaxlebebSi atmosferuli haeris dabinZureba erT-
erT prioritetul garemosdacviT problemad ganixileboda. pirveli
erovnuli samoqmedo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli garemos dacvis RonisZiebebis
umravlesoba 2000-2004 wlebSi realurad ver ganxorcielda Sesabamisi
arasakmarisi finansuri mxardaWeris gamo.
Semdgom periodSi ki, 2012 wlamde ver moxerxda garemos dacvis meore
erovnuli moqmedebaTa gegmis miReba saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier. garemos
dacvis moqmedebaTa meore erovnuli gegma moicavs 2012-2016 wlebs. samoqmedo
gegma ZiriTadad moicavs procedurebis SemuSavebas, agreTve dagegmvis
uzrunvelyofas garemos ZiriTad komponentebze haerisa da wylis xarisxis
marTvis mimarTulebiT.
4
amJamad haeris xarisxis monitorings axorcielebs garemos erovnuli
saagento (dakvirvebis sistema), garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis
saministros zedamxedvelobis departamenti (inspeqtirebis kuTxiT).
garemos erovnuli saagento aris saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis saministros sistemaSi Semavali sajaro samarTlis
iuridiuli piri, romelic saagentos saxiT 2008 wlis 31 ivliss Seiqmna.
saagento saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organoebisgan damoukidebeli
organizaciaa, romelic saxelmwifo kontrolis qveS damoukideblad
saqmianobs.
problemis gansazRvra
haeris xarisxze dakvirvebas saqarTveloSi awarmoebs garemos erovnuli
saagento garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros
zedamxedvelobis kontrolis qveS.
miuxedavad bolo wlebSi garemos dabinZurebis monitoringis sistemis
gaumjobesebisa, saqarTvelos garemos monitoringis sistema jer kidev Sorsaa
srulyofisgan da ar Seesabameba Tanamedrove standartebs. asocirebis
xelSekrulebiT aRebuli valdebulebebis fonze, ufro mwvaved dgeba
qveyanaSi gamoyenebuli indeqsebisa da standartebis Seusabamobis sakiTxebi
evrokavSiris standatebTan.
saqarTveloSi haeris dabinZurebis maRali done, wylis resursebis
dabinZureba da maTi arasrulyofili monitoringi, garemos dabinZurebasTan
dakavSirebuli adamianis janmrTelobis gauareseba avaldebulebs
saxelmwifos, gaaumjobesos garemos monitoringis sistema da garemos
parametrebisTvis gamoyenebuli standartebi evrokavSiris standartebisa da
moTxovnebis Sesabamisi gaxados.
mizani
naSromis mizania, atmosferuli haeris monitoringis sistemis analizi da
arsebuli materialur-teqnikuri resursebis efeqturi gamoyenebis gziT
garemos gasajansaReblad haeris dabinZurebis ekologiuri monitorigis
sistemis gaumjobeseba da evrokavSiris direqtivebTan harmonizacia.
problemis gadaWris gzebi
atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis monitoringis arsebuli sistemis mimoxilva
adamianis janmrTelobis riskfaqtorebis efeqturad marTvis gasaZliereblad
aucilebeli pirobaa qveyanaSi haeris xarisxis monitoringis Tanamedrove
erTiani sistemis arseboba. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadad dgeba sakiTxi
5
saqarTveloSi arsebuli monitoringis sistemis reabilitaciis Sesaxeb
rogorc sakanonmdeblo da meTodologiuri, aseve materialur-teqnikuri
bazis gaumjobesebis kuTxiT.
saqarTveloSi atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis uZravi wyaroa. erTi mxriv,
es gaxlavT energetikis seqtoridan, soflis meurneobis dargebidan da
samrewvelo obieqtebidan warmoebuli atmosferuli gafrqvevebi da meore
mxriv, moZravi wyaroebi _ avtotransportidan da sxva. maTgan ZiriTadi
damabinZurebelia avtotransporti, romlis roli atmosferuli haeris
xarisxis formirebaSi mniSvnelovania (2).
adamianis janmrTelobisa da bunebrivi garemosTvis usafrTxo mdgomareobis
miRwevis, SenarCunebisa da gaumjobesebisTvis umniSvnelovanesia,
garemosdacviTi saqmianobis sferosa da masSi Semavali haerdacviTi
saqmianobis seqtoris mdgradi ganviTareba, risTvisac Semdegi prioritetuli
mimarTulebebi da ZiriTadi amocanebia gansazRvruli:
- atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis sadamkvirveblo arsebuli qselis
gafarToeba da gadaiaraReba Tanamedrove xelsawyoebiT;
- avtotransportis gamonabolqviT atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis
Semcirebis strategiis SemuSaveba (teqnikuri daTvalierebis,
transportis moZraobis optimizaciis, satransporto magistralebis
sawvavis xarisxis kontrolis sistemis uzrunvelyofa, gzis safaris
gaumjobeseba, qalaqSi municipaluri transportis waxaliseba, mwvane
safaris standartis SemoReba);
- atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis arsebuli sadamkvirveblo qselis
gafarToeba da gadaiaraReba Tanamedrove xelsawyoebiT;
- saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan
Sesabamisoba;
- stacionaruli wyaroebis monitoringis sistemis awyoba;
- atmosferul haerze dakvirvebis sistemis gamarTva;
- sawvavis xarisxis kontrolis gamkacreba da kontrolisTvis
damoukidebeli organizaciuli struqturis Seqmna Sesabamisad
aRWurvili laboratoriiT;
- saqarTvelos parlamentSi sawvavis xarisxis gaumjobesebasTan
dakavSirebiT, garemos dacvis kanonSi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis
iniciativis dayeneba da kanonSi cvlilebebis Setana.
qveyanaSi atmosferuli haeris xarisxze dakvirvebebis regularuli warmoeba
erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi komponentia haeris faqtobriv mdgomareobaze
obieqturi da utyuari informaciis misaRebad, romlis ganzogadoeba swori
gadawyvetilebis miRebis saSualebas iZleva.
atmosferuli haeris xarisxze dakvirvebis punqtebis arasakmarisi
raodenobisa da arsebuli materialur-teqnikuri saSualebebis siZvelis (rig
SemTxvevebSi uqonlobis) gamo Semcirebulia gazomvebiT miRebuli Sedegebis
saimedooba da sizuste.
6
sabWoTa periodSi haeris dabinZurebis monitoringi xorcieldeboda
saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela samrewvelo da mWidrod dasaxlebul qalaqSi.
1990-iani wlebidan moyolebuli, saqarTveloSi (dedaqalaqis CaTvliT) haeris
monitoringis sistema, faqtobrivad, moiSala. bolo wlebSi TandaTan xdeba
haeris dabinZurebis monitoringis sistemis aRdgena, mimdinareobs dakvirvebis
sadgurebis etapobrivi gazrda da Tanamedrove teqnologiebiT aRWurva (ix.
Ddiagrama 1). aseve win gadadgmuli nabijia monitoringis Sedegad miRebuli
arsebuli monacemTa bazebis saagentos vebgverdze ganTavseba, rac aadvilebs
da xelmisawvdoms xdis informaciis mopovebas dainteresebuli mxareebisTvis.
haeris xarisxze dakvirvebis sistemas gansazRvravs garemos erovnuli
saagentos dabinZurebis monitoringis departamenti, strategiuli dagegmvisa
da sistemuri marTvis departamenti.
meTodologia, romelic haeris xarisxis monitoringis kvlevisTvis aris
gamoyenebuli, efuZneba erovnuli saagentos mier dakvirvebis sadgurebSi
haerSi gafrqveuli nivTierebebis gazomvebis Sedegebis analizs, indikatorul
gazomvebsa da evrokavSiris normebis Sesabamisad haerSi zRvrulad dasaSvebi
koncentraciebis mniSvnelobebis (mkg/m3) Sedarebas haeris xarisxis Sesabamis
evropul indeqsebTan, aseve saqarTveloSi haeris xarisxTan mimarTebaSi
moqmedi sakanonmdeblo aqtebis Sedarebas evrokavSiris direqtivebTan.
erovnuli saagentos mier yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli damabinZurebeli
nivTierebebis: mtvris, gogirdis dioqsidis, naxSirJangis, azotis oqsidisa da
dioqsidis, aseve sxvaTa koncentracia isazRvreboda im meTodebiT, romlebic
mocemulia sanqt-peterburgis mTavari geofizikuri observatoriis mier
Sedgenil meTodur saxelmZRvaneloSi: Руководство по контролю загрязненияатмосферы da agreTve saxelmZRvanelo dokumentebSi РД 52. 04-57-95 da РД 52
04-56-89 (1).
atmosferuli haeris monitoringis sistema saqarTveloSi dayofilia 4
kategoriad:
1) qalaqebi, sadac arsebobs dakvirvebis sadgurebi. aseTia Tbilisi,quTaisi, baTumi, rusTavi da zestafoni;
2) qalaqebi, sadac damontaJebulia avtomaturi sadgurebi. aseTi
sadgurebi damontaJebulia TbilisSi, WiaTurasa da baTumSi;
3) qalaqebi, sadac mimdinareobs indikatoruli gazomvebi. aseTi gazomva
saqarTvelos 17 qalaqSi tardeba;
4) qalaqi, sadac xdeba fonuri gazomva. es qalaqi abasTumania.
atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis monitoringi nivTierebaTa gazomvebis
mixedviT xdeba. es nivTierebebia: mtveri, azotis dioqsidi, gogirdis
dioqsidi, naxSirJangi, ozoni, manganumis dioqsidi, azotis oqsidi, tyvia.
haris xarisxis monitoringis qselSi 6 qalaqia CarTuli: Tbilisi, quTaisi,
7
baTumi, zestafoni, rusTavi, WiaTura. TbilisSi dakvirvebis 4punqtia, xolo
danarCen qalaqebSi TiTo-TiTo. gamozomvebma aCvenes (ix. cxrili 1), rom
ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi Tbilisis atmosferul haerSi gaizarda
gogirdis dioqsidis, mtvrisa da ozonis saSualo wliuri koncentraciebi,
agreTve umniSvnelod gaizarda naxSirJangis koncentracia, xolo azotis
dioqsidisa − umniSvnelod Semcirda.
ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi quTaisis atmosferul haerSi Semcirda
mtvris, gogirdis dioqsidis, naxSirJangis, azotis oqsidisa da dioqsidis
Semcvelobebi.
ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi baTumis atmosferul haerSi moimata
mtvris, azotisa da gogirdis dioqsidebis koncentraciam, xolo naxSirJangis
saSualo wliuri koncentraci Semcirda.
ukanasknel wlebSi rusTavis atmosferul haerSi umniSvnelod daiklo
naxSirJangis, mtvrisa da azotis dioqsidis koncentraciam.
ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi zestafonis atmosferul haerSi
umniSvnelod moimata gogirdis dioqsidis saSualo wliurma koncentraciam,
manganumis dioqsidisa da mtvris saSualo wliuri koncentracia Semcirda,
xolo azotis dioqsidis saSualo wliuri koncentracia daaxloebiT wina
wlebis doneze darCa.
aseve Catarda indikatoruli gazomvebi 9 qalaqSi sam etapad. am qalaqebSi
Catarebuli 214 indikatoruli gazomvis Sedegebsa da Catarebul
monitoringze dayrdnobiT, Camoyalibda saqarTveloSi dReisTvis arsebuli
haeris xarisxis saerTo suraTi.
haeris xarisxis dakvirvebis sistemis naklovanebebi da gaumjobesebisgzebi
garemos erovnuli saagentodan haeris monitoringis sistemiT miRebuli es
monacemebi erTgvarad win gadadgmuli nabijia haeris monitoringSi wina
wlebTan SedarebiT, magram udaod arasakmarisia da saqarTveloSi haeris
xarisxis realur suraTs ver asaxavs Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo:
1. dakvirvebis sadgurebis raodenoba arsakmarisia rogorc TbilisSi,
aseve sxva qalaqebSi;
gaumjobesebis gza: saWiroa, gaizardos monitoringis qseli da daematos
dakvirvebis axali sadgurebi. dakvirvebis sadgurebis ganTavsebis adgilebis
gansazRvra unda moxdes reliefis, zonalobis, haeris nakadebis, dasaxlebis
simWidrovis, satransporto moZraobis, rekriaciuli adgilebisa da sxva
ekologiuri da anTropogenuli faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
2. gazomvebi, romelic moicavs mtvers da 7 nivTierebas (azotis dioqsidi,
gogirdis dioqsidi, naxSirJangi, ozoni, manganumis dioqsidi, azotis
oqsidi, tyvia), ar aris sakmarisi. evrokomisiis mier dadgenil
nivTierebaTa speqtri ufro farToa, magaliTisTvis: gazomvebi ar
8
keTdeba dariSxanze, kadmiumze, nikelsa da policiklur aromatul
naxSirwyalbadebze (3);
gaumjobesebis gza: daematos gazomvebi dariSxanze, kadmiumze, nikelsa da
policiklur aromatul naxSirwyalbadebze. Tu es ver moxerxdeba
monitoringis qselSi, indikatorul gazomvebiT mainc Seivsos.
3. dakvirvebis sadgurebis SerCevisa da monacemTa Sedarebisas, ar aris
gTvaliswinebuli reliefis Taviseburebani (mTa, ferdobi, mdinaris
xeoba, magTbilisSi mtkvrisa da veres xeobebi), haeris masebis
nakadebis moZraoba da ventilacia, rac haeris xarisxze mniSvnelovan
gavlenas axdens;
gaumjobesebis gza: axali sadgurebis ganTavsebis adgilebi
ganisazRvrosreliefis, zonalobis, haeris nakadebis, dasaxlebis simWidrovis,
satransporto moZraobis, rekriaciuli adgilebisa da sxva ekologiuri da
anTropogenuli faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
4. gazomvaTa Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi ar aris saTanadod
damuSavebuli da igi ar iTvaliswinebs ufro detalur analizs,
kerZod ki reliefs, sezonurobas, temperaturas, kumulaciur efeqtsa
da sxva anTropogenul zemoqmedebebs, rac haerSi ama Tu im
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis gadaWarbebis an daklebis mizezebs
axsnida. aseTi detaluri analiziT haeris xarisxis marTva ufro
efeqturi gaxdeboda. garemos erovnuli saagentos weliwdeulSi
zogadad da martivad aris Sedarebuli haerSi gafrqveul nivTierebaTa
mxolod saSualo wliuri momatebuli da Semcirebuli raodenobebi,
romelic ar iZleva haeris xarisxis analizisTvis zust suraTs;
gaumjobesebis gza: monacemTa bazebis srulyofis mizniT, miRebuli
gazomvebis Sedegebi mxolod weliwdeulze gadaangariSebiT ar unda
Semoifarglos. klimatis cvlilebis fonze haeris Semadgenel nivTierebaTa
saSualo maCveneblebi unda gadaangariSdes sezonis Tveebis mixedviT da
gaanalizdes temperaturuli maCveneblebis gaTvaliswinebiT. aseve haeris
xarisxis Sefaseba unda moxdes temperaturuli reJimisa da klimatis
cvlilebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
5. ar aris optimalurad gamoyenebuli dakvirvebis is sadgurebi, romlic
manamde arsebobda da axali avtomaturi sadgurebis damontaJebamde
SesaZlebeli iyo maTi garkveul donemde amuSaveba, rac ar Seqmnida im
did wyvetas dinamikaSi, rac arsebobs haeris monitoringis sistemaSi
postsabWoTa periodsa da damoukidebeli saqarTvelos bolo wlebis
periodebs Soris;
gaumjobesebis gza: Tu aris SesaZlebeli droebiT Zveli jixurebis amuSaveba,
moxdes maTi aRdgena axali sadgurebis damontaJebamde.
6. monitoringis sistema moicavs mxolod qimiur monitorings da saerTod
ar asaxavs biomonitorings;
9
gaumjobesebis gza: haris dabinZurebis xarisxis Sesafaseblad arsebobs
sxvadasxva bioindikatori, rogoricaa liqenebi xeebze, xavsebi,
mikroorganizmebi, mwerebis zogierTi saxeoba, amfibiebi da zogi frinvelis
bude. sawyis etapze biomonitoringisTvis SedarebiT mcire danaxarjebiT
SesaZlebelia liqenebis meTodebis gamoyeneba.
7. ar aris zustad gansazRvruli zRvrulad dasaSvebi koncentraciebis
romel versias iyenebs zustad saqarTvelo, yofil sabWoTa periodTan
miaxloebuls, Tu axal, evrokomisiis mier SemoTavazebul indeqsebs.
gaumjobesebis gza: Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministrom
unda daazustos saqarTveloSi gamoyenebuli indeqsebi, rac saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT gamyardeba.
saqarTvelos mier nakisri valdebulebebi
asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis mixedviT, atmosferuli haeris dacvis
sakiTxebSi ganisazRvreba Semdegi direqtivebi:
2008 wlis 21 maisis evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2008/50/ECdireqtiva atmosferuli haeris xarisxisa da evropaSi ufro
sufTa haeris Sesaxeb.
gamoiyeneba am direqtivis Semdegi debulebebi:
erovnuli kanonmdeblobis miReba da kompetenturi organoebis
gansazRvra;1
zonebisa da aglomeraciebis dadgena da klasificireba (muxli 4);2
haeris damabinZureblebisadmi atmosferuli haeris xarisxis Sefasebis
reJimis dadgena Sesabamisi kriteriumebis mixedviT (muxlebi 5, 6 da 9);3
haeris xarisxis gegmebis SemuSaveba im zonebisa da aglomeraciebisTvis,
sadac dabinZurebis done zRvrul/miznobriv maCvenebels aRemateba
(muxli 23);4
moklevadiani samoqmedo gegmebis SemuSaveba im zonebisa da
aglomeraciebisTvis, sadac arsebobs sagangaSo zRvrebis gadaWarbebis
riski (muxli 24);5
sazogadoebis informaciiT uzrunvelyofis sistemis Camoyalibeba
(muxli 26);6
1vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan oTxi
wlis vadaSi.
2vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSiSesvlidan eqvsi
wlis vadaSi.
3vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSiSesvlidan eqvsi
wlis vadaSi..
4vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan
SvidiwlisvadaSi.
5vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan
SvidiwlisvadaSi.
10
2004 wlis 15 dekembris evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2004/107/ECdireqtiva atmosferul haerSi dariSxanis, kadmiumis,
vercxliswylis, nikelisa da policikluri aromatuli
naxSirwyalbadebis Semcvelobis Sesaxeb.
gamoiyeneba am direqtivis Semdegi debulebebi:
erovnuli kanonmdeblobis miReba da kompetenturi organoebis
gansazRvra;7
zonebisa da aglomeraciebis dadgena da klasificireba (muxli 3(2));8
haeris damabinZureblebisadmi atmosferuli haeris xarisxis Sefasebis
reJimis dadgena Sesabamisi kriteriumebis mixedviT (muxli 4).
Sesabamisi damabinZureblebisadmi haeris xarisxis
SenarCunebis/gaumjobesebis mizniT, saTanado zomebis miReba (muxli
3(1) da 3(3)).9
1999 wlis 26 aprilis 1999/32/EC direqtiva zogierT Txevad
sawvavSi gogirdis Semcvelobis Semcirebis Sesaxeb, romelic
Sesworebulia N 1882/2003 (EC regulaciis da 2005/33/EC direqtivis
mixedviT.
gamoiyeneba 1999/32/EC direqtivis Semdegi debulebebi:
erovnuli kanonmdeblobis miReba da kompetenturi organoebis
gansazRvra;10
sinjebis aRebis efeqturi sistemis Seqmna da analizisTvis Sesabamisi
analitikuri meTodebis dadgena (muxli 6);11
dadgenil zRvrebze gogirdis meti Semcvelobis mqone mZime sawvavisa
da gazoilis (navTobis gamoxdis Txevadi produqti) gamoyenebis
akrZalva, (muxlebi 3(1) da 4(1));12 (3, 4);
sazRvao transportis sawvavis saxeobebSi gogirdis Semcvelobis
zRvruli mniSvnelobebis dadgena (muxlebi 4(a) da 4(b));13
6vada: am am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan
eqvsiwlis ganmavlobaSi, garda muxli 26(1)(d)-sa, romelicSesruldeba winamdebare SeTanxmebis
ZalaSi Sesvlidan Svidi wlis vadaSi.
7vada: am am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan
oTxiwlisvadaSi.
8vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan
rva wlis vadaSi.
9vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan
rva wlis vadaSi.
10vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebi sZalaSi
Sesvlidan ori wlis vadaSi.
11vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi
Sesvlidan ori wlis vadaSi.
12vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi
Sesvlidan Svidi wlis vadaSi.
13vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi
Sesvlidan Svidi wlis vadaSi.
11
1994 wlis 20 dekembris 94/63/EC direqtiva benzinis SenaxviTa da
misi terminalebidan avtogasamarT sadgurebSi distribuciiT
gamowveuli aqroladi organuli naerTis (VOC) gafrqvevebis
kontrolis Sesaxeb, 1882/2003 (EC) regulaciiT Setanili
cvlilebis Tanaxmad.
gamoiyeneba am direqtivis Semdegi debulebebi:
erovnuli kanonmdeblobis miReba da kompetenturi organoebis
gansazRvra;14
yvela terminalis identificireba, sadac benzinis Senaxva da CatvirTva
xdeba (muxli 2);15
terminalebisa da avtogasamarTi sadgurebis sacavebidan da
terminalebze moZravi konteinerebis CatvirTva/gadmotvirTvis dros
benzinis daRvris Sesamcireblad teqnikuri zomebis daweseba (muxli 3,
4 da 6, danarTi III);16
yvela sagzao cisternis CamtvirTav mowyobilobasa da moZravi
konteinerisTvis moTxovnebis Sesrulebis valdebulebis daweseba
(muxli 4 da 5).17
2004 wlis 21 aprilis evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2004/42/ECdireqtiva zogierT saRebavSi, laqebsa da avtosatransporto
saSualebebis gadaRebvis produqciaSi organuli gamxsnelebis
gamoyenebiT gamowveuli aqroladi organuli naerTebis (VOC)gafrqvevebis Semcirebis Sesaxeb.
gamoiyeneba am direqtivis Semdegi debulebebi:
erovnuli kanonmdeblobis miReba da kompetenturi organoebis
gansazRvra;18
saRebavebsa da laqebSi aqroladi organuli naerTis (VOC)Semcvelobis maqsimaluri zRvruli mniSvnelobis daweseba (muxli 3 da
danarTi II);19
moTxovnebis daweseba, ris mixedviTac moxdeba bazarze arsebuli
produqciis etiketireba da bazarze produqtebis ganTavseba, romlebic
Sesabamis moTxovnebs akmayofilebs (muxlebi 3 da 4).20
14vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi
Sesvlidan Svidi wlis vadaSi.
15vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi
Sesvlidan Svidi wlis vadaSi.
16vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi
Sesvlidan oTxi wlis vadaSi.
17vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi
Sesvlidan oTxi wlis vadaSi.
18vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi
Sesvlidan xuTi wlis vadaSi.
19vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi
Sesvlidan cxra wlis vadaSi.
12
rekomendaciebi:
1. msoflio jandacvis organizaciis daskvnaSi saubaria haeris
dabinZurebis maRal xarisxze saqarTveloSi. aqedan gamomginare,
umokles vadaSi monitoringis sistemis gaumjobesebisTvis moklevadiani
da grZelvadiani samoqmedo gegmebi unda Sedges;
2. gegmebi unda moicavdes dakvirvebis axali sadgurebis ganTavsebis
adgilebis gansazRvras reliefis, zonalobis, haeris nakadebis,
dasaxlebis simWidrovis, satransporto moZraobis, rekriaciuli
adgilebisa da sxva ekologiuri da anTropogenuli faqtorebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. moklevadiani gegma unda moicavdes 1-2 weliwads,
xolo grZelvadiani gegma aT weliwadze unda gaiweros;
3. klimatis cvlilebis fonzeSesaZlebelia haeris xarisxis monacemTa
bazebis srulyofa da axali saproeqto winadadebebis momzadeba;
monacemTa bazebis srulyofis mizniT miRebuli gazomvebis Sedegebi
mxolod weliwdeulze gadaangariSebiT ar unda Semoifarglos.
klimatis cvlilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, haeris Semadgenel nivTierebaTa
saSualo maCveneblebi unda gadaangariSdes sezonuri Tveebis mixedviT
da gaanalizdes temperaturuli maCveneblebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
pirvel etapze momzaddes ruka haeris dabinZurebis xarisxis mixedviT
TbilisisTvis, sadac miniSnebuli iqneba rogorc „cxeli wertilebi“(adgilebi haeris dabinZurebis maRali xarisxiT), aseve adgilebi
dabinZurebis saSualo da dabali maCveneblebiT;
4. arsebuli materialur-teqnikuri bazis gaumjobesebisa da monitoringis
sistemis srulyofisTvis saWiroa finansebis mobilizeba rogorc
saxelmwfo biujetidan, aseve saerTaSoriso donorebis daxmarebiT;
5. gaizardos dafinanseba axali avtomaturi sadgurebis dasamontaJeblad,
monitoringis sistemis materialur-teqnikuri bazis gasaumjobeseblad
da adamianuri resursebis mosazidad rogorc erovnuli,
isesaerTaSoriso organizaciebis sxvadsxva programidan;
6. garemos indeqsebis harmonizacia evrokavSiris standartebTan21 (ix.
diagrama 2);
7. haeris xarisxis ganmsazRvreli erovnuli regulaciebis evrokavSiris
direqtivebTan harmonizaciis Sefaseba da Seusabamobebis Sesworeba.
2008 wlis 21 maisis evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2008/50/EC direqtiva;
20vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi
Sesvlidan cxra wlis vadaSi.212008 wlis 21 maisis evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2008/50/EC direqtiva; 2004 wlis 15dekembris evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2004/107/EC direqtiva; 1999 wlis 26 aprilis1999/32/EC direqtiva zogierT Txevad sawvavSi gogirdis Semcvelobis SemcirebisSesaxeb;N 1882/2003 (EC regulaciisa da 2005/33/EC direqtivis mixedviT; 1994 wlis 20dekembris 94/63/EC direqtiva benzinis SenaxviTa da misi terminalebidan avtogasamarTsadgurebSi distribuciiT gamowveuli aqroladi organuli naerTis (VOC)gafrqvevebis kontrolis Sesaxeb, N 1882/2003 (EC) regulaciiT Setanili cvlilebisTanaxmad; 2004 wlis 21 aprilis evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2004/42/EC direqtivazogierT saRebavSi, laqebsa da avtosatransporto saSualebebis gadaRebvisproduqciaSi organuli gamxsnelebis gamoyenebiT gamowveuli aqroladi organulinaerTebis (VOC) gafrqvevebis Semcirebis Sesaxeb.
13
TbilisSi, sadac saqarTvelos mosaxleobis daaxloebiT erTi mesamedi
cxovrobs da qveynis sxva did qalaqebSi, sadac atmosferuli haeris mavne
nivTierebebiT dabinZurebis ZiriTadi wyaro avtotransportia, haeris
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis mizniT, aucilebelia SemuSavdes problemis
gadaWris kompleqsuri gegma.
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos Semdegi sakiTxebi:
8. arsebuli saavtomobilo parkis mdgomareobis safuZvliani Seswavla da
misi cvlilebebis perspeqtivebi, raTa ganisazRvros gamonabolqvis
praqtikulad Sesrulebadi normebis daweseba da misi etapobrivi
gamkacrebis vadebi;
9. satransporto gafrqvevebis regulirebis mizniT, Semdegi instruqciebis
SemuSaveba: `atmosferuli haeris mavne nivTierebebiT damabinZurebeli
satransporto da sxva moZrav-meqanikuri saSualebebis saxeobaTa
CamonaTvali da am saSualebebidan mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevis
(gamonabolqvis) zRvrulad dasaSvebi normebis Sesaxeb~, `satransporto
da sxva moZrav-meqanikuri saSualebebidan gafrqvevis (gamonabolqvis)
perioduli Semowmebis wesis Sesaxeb~ da `saqarTvelos teritoriaze
moZravi avtosatransporto saSualebebidan (satranzito
avtosatransporto saSualebebis CaTvliT) gafrqvevis (gamonabolqvis)
kontrolis wesis Sesaxeb~;
10. dedaqalaqis avtotransportiT gadatvirTul ubnebSi atmosferuli
haeris dabinZurebis ekoqimiuri mdgomareobis Seswavla haeris
dabinZurebaSi avtotransportis wilis asaxviT, misi Semcirebis
RonisZiebaTa SemuSavebiTa da maTi Semdgomi ganxorcielebis
uzrunvelyofiT;
11. gatardes mwvane safarisa da tyeebis aRdgeniTi RonisZiebebi, urbanul
dasaxlebebsa da did qalaqebSi gansakuTrebiT gaZlierdes gamwvanebis
RonisZiebebi, STanTqmelebis, farTofoTlovani da wiwvovani xeebis
dargvisa da rekriaciuli zonebis gafarToebis RonisZiebebi.
daskvnebi:
1. haeris xarisxis monitoringis sistema ver akmayofilebs dRevandel
moTxovnebs. saWiroebs qselis gafarToebasa da materialur-teqnikuri
basis gaumjobesebas, risTvisac rekomendebulia moklevadiani da
grZelvadiani samoqmedo gegmebis Seqmna;
2. haeris monitoringis qseli saWiroebs sadgurebis lokalizaciis
adgilebis swor SerCevas, haeris damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa
gazomvaTa speqtris gazrdas, monacemTa saTanadod damuSavebasa da
indeqsebis Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofas evrokomisiis mier
mowodebul standartebTan;
14
3. haeris xarisxis monitoringis sistemis materialur-teqnikuri basis
gaumjobeseba moiTxovs finansebis mobilizebas rogorc sabiujeto,
aseve saerTaSoriso organizaciebis programebidan da mTlianad
monitoringis xarisxis harmonizacias evrokavSiris standartebTan.
4. avtotransportis gamonabolqvis praqtikulad Sesrulebadi normebis
daweseba da misi etapobrivi gamkacreba;
5. saqarTvelos teritoriaze moZravi avtosatransporto saSualebebidan
satranzito avtosatransporto saSualebebis CaTvliT gafrqvevebisa
(gamonabolqvis) da zRvrulad dasaSvebi normebis Sesaxeb kontrolis
wesisTvis instruqciebis SemuSaveba;
6. mosaxleobis cnobierebis amaRleba da CarTulobis gazrda haeris
dacvis sakiTxSi.atmosferuli haeris xarisxis gaumjobesebaze zrunva
aucilebelia ara mxolod asocirebis SeTanxmebiT aRebuli
valdebulebebis ,,xaTriT”, aramed TiToeli moqalaqis moraluri
valdebulebaa momavali Taobebis winaSe.
reziume:
haeris xarisxis monitoringis politikur dokumentSi ganxilulia
monitoringis sistemis dRevandeli mdgomareoba, aRwerilia saqrTvelos 6
qalaqis damabinZurebel nivTiereba monitoringisa da 17 qalqis
indikatoruli gazomvebis Sedegebi, gaanalizebulia arsebuli monitoringis
sistemis naklovanebebi da dasaxulia problemaTa gadaWris
gzebi.dabinZurebis wyaroebidan qalaqebsa da gansakuTrebiT dedaqalaqSi
haeris dabinZurebis ZiriTad wyarod avtotransportia miCneuli, risTvisac
rekomendebulia satransporto saSualebebidan gafrqvevebze kontrolis
daweseba. rekomendebulia qselis gafarToebisa da materialur-teqnikuri
bazis gasaumjobeseblad moklevadiani da grZelvadiani samoqmedo gegmebis
Seqmna. aseve rekomendebulia monitoringis qselis sadgurebis lokalizaciis
adgilebis swori SerCeva, haeris damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa gazomvaTa
speqtris gazrda, monacemTa saTanadod damuSaveba da misi Sesabamisobis
uzrunvelyofa evrokomisiis mier mowodebul standartebTan. haeris xarisxis
monitoringis sistemis materialur-teqnikuri bazis gasaumjobeseblad
ganixileba sabiujeto da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis programebidan
finansebis mobilizeba da mTlianad monitoringis xarisxis harmonizacia
evrokavSiris standartebTan. dokumentSi asaxulia garemos dacvis sferoSi
asocirebis xelSekrulebiT aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesabamisi direqtivebi.
haeris xarisxTan dakavSirebiT rekomendebulia saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo
regulaciebis harmonizacia evrokavSiris2008 wlis 21 maisis
evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2008/50/EC direqtivasTan atmosferuli haeris
xarisxisa da evropaSi ufro sufTa haeris Sesaxeb. aseve mowodebulia
direqtivebi garemosparametrebisTvis gamoyenebuli standartebis
Sesabamisobisa evrokavSiris standartebsa da moTxovnebTan.
sazogadod ki, ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze,
gansakuTrebuli roli da mniSvneloba eniWeba garemosa da bunebrivi
15
resursebisadmi frTxil da gonivrul damokidebulebas, raTa qveynisTvis
sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis mqone infrastruqturuli proeqtebis
ganxorcielebis procesSi srulad moxdes qveynis mosaxleobis ekonomikuri
da socialuri interesebis gaTvaliswineba, agreTve gatardes iseTi
garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi, romelic garantirebulad SeinarCuneben
bunebriv ekosistemebs.
danarTebi:
atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis monitoringis punqtebis raodenoba 1980-2016
diagrama 1
16
cxrili 1
17
diagrama 2.
18
გამოყენებული ბიბლიოგრაფია:
1. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro. garemos erovnuli saagento.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze atmosferuli haeris weliwdeuli 2016;
2. atmosferuli haeris dacva saqarTveloSi: instituciuri mowyoba da
regulirebis instrumentebi. sajaro politikis narkvevi. mwvane
alternativa 2012;
3. Air Quality Standards (EuropeanCommission).http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/standards.htm
4. asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba, erTi mxriv, evrokavSirsa da evropis
atomuri energiis gaerTianebasa da maT wevr saxelmwifoebsa da, meore
mxriv, saqarTvelos
Soris.(http://www.mfa.gov.ge/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98-%E1%83%93%E1%83%90-%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90/Association-Agreement.aspx)
5. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015[without reference to a Main Committee (A/70/L.1)]http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/
6. erTi mxriv, saqarTvelosa da meore mxriv, evrokavSirsa da evropis
atomuri energiis gaerTianebasa da maT wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris
asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebisa da saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs
Soris asocirebis dRis wesrigis ganxorcielebis 2016 wlis erovnuli
samoqmedo gegma.asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba erTi mxriv, evrokavSirsa
da evropis atomuri energiis gaerTianebasa da maT wevr
saxelmwifoebsa da meore mxriv, saqarTvelos Soris.
http://www.eu-nato.gov.ge/sites/default/files/AA%20%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%202016.pdf
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