Introduction to Medical Terminology

7th Edition

Medical Terminology for Health ProfessionsAnn Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder

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Introduction to Medical Terminology

Chapter 1

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Primary Medical Terms

• Primary medical terms enable you to prioritize terms in your study of medical terminology.

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What Parts Are the Key!

• Four basic types of word parts are used tocreate complex medical terms:

– Word roots– Combining forms– Suffixes– Prefixes

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What Parts Are the Key!

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Word Parts Work Together

Click Here to play Word Parts Work Together animation

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Word Roots

• Word roots usually, but not always, indicate thepart of the body involved.

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Word Roots

• Examples:– cardi = heart– gastr = stomach– neur = nerve

Note: Word roots do not mean pertaining to orrelating to; that meaning comes from the suffix.

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Combining Forms

• Created by adding a vowel (usually the letter“o”) to the end of a word root.

• Used when connecting word roots or whenthe word root is joined to a suffix that beginswith a consonant.

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Combining Forms

• Examples:– cardi/o = heart– gastr/o = stomach– neur/o = nerve

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Combining Forms

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Suffixes

• Suffixes usually, but not always,indicate theprocedure, condition, disorder, or disease.

• Examples:– cardiomegaly– gastralgia– neuritis

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Suffixes

• Examples:

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Prefixes

• Prefixes usually, but not always, indicatelocation, time, number, or status.

• Examples:– pericardium– epigastric– polyneuritis

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Prefixes

• Examples:

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Determining Meanings on theBasis of Word Parts

• Decipher these medical terms based on theirword parts:– cardiologist– gastritis– neuralgia

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Determining Meanings on theBasis of Word Parts

• An example to take apart:

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Combining Word Parts

Click Here to play Combining Word Parts animation

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Additional Lessons in This

Chapter• Using a medical dictionary• The “sounds-like” pronunciation system• Why spelling counts • Caution when using abbreviations

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Additional Lessons in This

Chapter• Singular and plural endings • Basic medical terms • Look-alike, sound-alike terms and word parts

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• -algia – pain, painful condition

• dys- – bad, difficult, or painful

• -ectomy – surgical removal, cutting out, excision

• hyper-– excessive, increased

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• hypo- – deficient, decreased

• -itis – inflammation

• -osis – abnormal condition, disease

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• -ostomy – the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the

body surface• -otomy

– cutting, surgical incision• -plasty

– surgical repair• -rrhage

– bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• -rrhaphy – surgical suturing

• -rrhea – flow or discharge

• -rrhexis – rupture

• -sclerosis – abnormal hardening

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Questions

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Question

A vertebra is a bone in the spine. What is theplural of vertebra?

a. vertebrasb. vertebric. vertebrae

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Answer

c. vertebrae

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Question

Intra- means within or inside. True or False?

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Answer

False. Inter- means within or inside. Intra- means between or among.

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Question

Losing a large amount of blood in a shorttime is a:

a. hemorageb. hemorrhagec. hemorhage

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Answer

b. hemorrhage

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Question

The ilium is part of the hip bone, and the ileum ispart of the small intestine.

True or False?

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Answer

True

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Answers to Learning Exercises

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Matching Word Parts 11.1. dys-1.2. hyper-1.3. -megaly1.4. -algia1.5. -ectomy

Matching Word Parts 21.6. -osis1.7. -malacia1.8. hypo-1.9. -itis1.10. -necrosis

Chapter 1 Answers

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Matching Word Parts 31.11. -rrhage1.12. -ostomy1.13. -otomy1.14. -plasty1.15. -rrhaphy

Matching Word Parts 41.16. -scopy1.17. -rrhexis1.18. -stenosis1.19. -sclerosis1.20. -rrhea

Chapter 1 Answers

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Definitions1.21. myelopathy1.22. hypertension1.23. natal1.24. symptom1.25. disease

Matching Terms and Definitions 11.26. leukocyte1.27. prognosis1.28. edema1.29. acute1.30. supination

Chapter 1 Answers

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Matching Terms and Definitions 21.31. palpation1.32. exudate1.33. lesion1.34. palpitation1.35. laceration

Which Word?1.36. gastritis1.37. suppuration1.38. trauma1.39. viral1.40. appendectomy

Chapter 1 Answers

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Spelling Counts1.41. eponym1.42. inflammation1.43. fissure1.44. neurorrhaphy1.45. tonsillitis

Matching Terms1.46. gastrosis1.47. syndrome1.48. myorrhexis1.49. gastralgia1.50. pyoderma

Chapter 1 Answers

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Term Selection1.51. arteriosclerosis1.52. sign1.53. gastroenteritis1.54. arthralgia1.55. dermatologist

Sentence Completion1.56. hypotension1.57. angiography1.58. supracostal1.59. differential1.60. fistula

Chapter 1 Answers

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True/False1.61. True1.62. False1.63. True1.64. False1.65. True

Word Surgery1.66. ot/o, rhin/o, laryng, -ology1.67. myc, -osis1.68. poli/o, myel, -itis1.69. neo-, nat, -ology1.70. end-, arteri, -al

Chapter 1 Answers

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Clinical Conditions1.71. intramuscular1.72. abdominocentesis1.73. acronym1.74. phalanges1.75. triage1.76. diagnosis1.77. pathology1.78. remission1.79. pyrosis1.80. diarrhea

Which Is the Correct Medical Term?1.81. neuroplasty1.82. hemorrhage1.83. arterionecrosis1.84. interstitial1.85. hepatomegaly

Chapter 1 Answers

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Challenge Word Building1.86. cardiologist1.87. rhinorrhea1.88. arthritis1.89. neonatologist1.90. neurotomy1.91. carditis1.92. rhinalgia1.93. neuralgia1.94. cardiotomy1.95. rhinitis

Labeling Exercises1.96. myel/o1.97. my/o1.98. myel/o1.99. neur/o1.100. arthr/o

Chapter 1 Answers