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Julius Caesar- Named dictator of Rome. He was later killed by the senate because they feared his power.
First Triumvirate- Made up of Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar. They ruled Rome as a Trio until hunger for power pitted them against each other.
Vocab
1. Why was the destruction of Carthage so important to Rome?
2. When finished…Grab a textbook and read from “The Republic Collapses” on page 160 to “Julius Caesar Takes Control on page 161. Answer the following question.
Why did the Roman Republic fall? Just list reasons.
Warm Up
WHAT WERE THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REASONS FOR THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC?
EQ
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Why did the Republic Fall?
The Rise of Julius Caesar and the fall of the Republic
Gap between rich and poor •Rich landowners lived on large estates called latifunda. These were worked by slaves.•Small farms couldn’t compete and many became homeless and jobless
Class Tensions •The wealthy became corrupted by money and resentment grew among the poor
Civil War •Two tribunes attempted to create reforms to help the poor but were opposed by the Senate.•They were both murdered and a period of Civil War erupted!
Changes in the Army
• Generals began recruiting soldiers from the landless poor.
• These soldiers fought for money and owed allegiance only to their commander…not Rome!
• It was now possible for politically powerful military leaders to take over by force!
• Eventually one does…
Why did the Republic fall?
Julius Caesar Rivalries between generals
existed until an ambitious leader, Julius Caesar, emerged to bring order to Rome.
Upbringing Born July 13, 100 or 102 BC Patrician family; but lived in
poor neighborhood Uncle (6x Consul) was his
inspiration Military Success
Most famous for his victories in Gaul (northern Italy and France)
Defeated Pompey in Civil War for consulship Began when Caesar crosses the
Rubicon “The Die is Cast” Ends two years later with
Pompey’s death in Egypt
Political LifeStarted as lawyer
Argued his way out of pirate capture
Organized First Triumvirate with Crassus and PompeyTriumvirate: Rule by 3
Elected Consul by age 40; then governor of Gaul
Senate appointed him dictator after defeating PompeyStill consulted Senate
Personal LifeMarried 3 times; 1
daughter: JuliaLived extravagantly
ReformsLand reform, building
campaign in RomeReorganized land and
grain distributionInitiated censusRewrote laws on
citizenshipInitiated term limits
on governors
DeathAssassinated
Senators stabbed him to death on floor of Senate
They were led by his best friend, Marcus Brutus
They feared his power
WHAT WERE THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REASONS FOR THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC?
EQ
1. Why did the Republic fall? Give a summary or major reason.
2. What is a Triumvirate?3. Why was Caesar assassinated by the
senators?
Closing
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