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KARYA TULIS AKHIR
PERBANDINGAN PEMBERIAN JUS DAGING ALOE VERA DENGAN
REBAMIPIDE TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHID (MDA)
GASTER TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN YANG DI INDUKSI ASPIRIN
Oleh :
INDRI LESTARI HAZIZAH
201310330311013
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
2017
KARYA TULIS AKHIR
PERBANDINGAN PEMBERIAN JUS DAGING ALOE VERA DENGAN
REBAMIPIDE TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHID (MDA)
GASTER TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN YANG DI INDUKSI ASPIRIN
KARYA TULIS AKHIR
Diajukan kepada
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan
Dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana
Fakultas Kedokteran
Oleh :
INDRI LESTARI HAZIZAH
201310330311013
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERRAN
2017
i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
HASIL PENELITIAN
Telah disetujui sebagai hasil penelitian untuk memenuhi persyaratan Pendidikan
Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Malang, 23 Februari 2017
I
Mengetahui,
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Dekan,
ii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS
Karya tulis akhir ini adalah karya saya sendiri, dan semua sumber baik yang
dikutip maupun dirujuk telah saya nyatakan dengan benar.
Nama : Indri Lestari Hazizah
NIM : 201310330311013
Tanda tangan :
Tanggal : 23 Februari 2017
iii
LEMBAR PENGUJIAN
Karya Tulis Akhir oleh Indri Lestari Hazizah ini
telah diuji dan dipertahankan di depan Tim Penguji
pada tanggal 23 Februari 2017.
Tim Penguji
, Ketua
, Anggota
, Anggota
iv
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh,
Syukur Alhamdulillah penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT. Tuhan
semesta alam, Yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang, Yang Maha Pemberi
nikmat, kebaikan, kemudahan, kekuatan dan atas karunia-Nya penulisan tugas
akhir ini dapat selesai dengan baik.
Sholawat serta salam tak lupa mari kita haturkan kepada Nabiyullah, Nabi
akhir zaman, Rasulullah Muhammad SAW, beserta keluarganya, para sahabatnya,
dan umatnya yang mengikutinya hingga hari kiamat, semoga kita semua
mendapat syafa’atnya di akhirat kelak.
Penelitian tugas akhir ini berjudul “Perbandingan Pemberian Jus Daging
Aloe vera dengan Rebamipide terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA)
Gaster Tikus Putih Jantan yang di Induksi Aspirin”, diajukan untuk
memenuhi persyaratan Pendidikan Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Penulis menyadari bahwa penulisan tugas akhir ini terselesaikan karena
adanya bantuan dari berbagai pihak, oleh karena itulah pada kesempatan ini
penulis ingin menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada:
1. dr. Irma Suswati, M.Kes., selaku Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang yang telah memberikan kepercayaan dan semangat
kepada penulis untuk menyusun tugas akhir ini.
2. dr. Moch. Ma’roef, Sp.OG., selaku Pembantu Dekan I Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
v
3. dr. Rahayu, SpS., selaku Pembantu Dekan II Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang.
4. dr. Iwan Sys Indrawanto, Sp.KJ., selaku Pembantu Dekan III Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
5. dr. Desy Andari, M. Biomed., selaku pembimbing 1, atas kesabaran, kebaikan
hati, serta kesediaan dalam meluangkan waktu dalam membimbing hingga
dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini dengan baik.
6. dr. Bambang Widianto, Sp.OT., selaku pembimbing 2, atas kesabarannya
dalam membimbing dan senantiasa memberikan semangat, sehingga saya
dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini dengan baik.
7. dr. Annisa Hasanah, M.Si., selaku penguji, yang telah memberikan saran
perbaikan tugas akhir ini sehingga menjadi lebih baik.
8. dr. Anung Putri Illahika, selaku pembimbing 1 MERS, atas kesabarannya
dalam membimbing statistik, sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikantugas akhir
ini dengan baik
9. dr. Indra Setiawan, Sp.THT., selaku pembimbing 2 MERS, atas kesabarannya
dalam membimbing statistik, sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikantugas akhir
ini dengan baik
10. Keluarga tercinta Papa Turida SH., Mama Mini, adik Dea Putri Amalia dan
Jawhara Nur Fauziah, serta seluruh keluarga besar yang selalu memberikan
perhatiannya, motivasi, semangat, dan doa yang tiada henti-hentinya kepada
penulis.
11. Sahabat-sahabat ku tersayang Kabinet Rebamipide (Nungki, Nabila), Kabinet
Merdeka (Nur Lyla, Vivin, Sheila, Andin, Zatil, Fathin, Fifa), Andan, Puspa,
vi
Yayu, Nia, Nayla, Afaf, Dian, Rhylla, Tika, Tiara, Jati, Prima, Churin, Dini,
Hikmah, Karin, Wulan, Ainun, Mondy, terima kasih atas dukungan dan
doanya. Mbak Tia, mbak Nia, mbak Meta, mbak Ika, mbak Dian, mbak
Nabila, mbak Salsa, terima kasih telah memberikan banyak arahan serta
nasehat kepada penulis.
12. Teman-teman angkatan 2013 “Gluteus Maximus”, banyak pengalaman
berharga bersama kalian & telah mengajarkan banyak hal, terima kasih atas
dukungan serta doanya selalu.
13. Mbak Deva, Pak Yono, Bu Endah, Mas Didit, Mas Miftah, Mas Yono, Mbak
Fat, Mbak Nuke, Mbak Citra, terima kasih atas bantuannya.
14. Semua pihak yang terlibat langsung maupun tidak langsung yang tidak
mampu penulis sebutkan satu-persatu, terimakasih atas dukungan dan doanya.
Penulis menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa masih banyak kekurangan pada
penyusunan tugas akhir ini.Sehingga penulis sangat mengharapkan masukan
dari berbagai pihak. Semoga tugas akhir inibermanfaat bagi semua pihak.
Aamiin.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh.
Malang, 23 Februari 2017
Penulis
vii
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. i
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................................... ii
LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ................................................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... iv
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... vii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR TABEL.............................................................................................. xi
DAFTAR GRAFIK ........................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xv
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ....................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................. 4
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Tujuan umum ............................................................................... 4
1.3.2 Tujuan khusus .............................................................................. 4
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................. 4
1.4.1 Manfaat Klinis ............................................................................. 4
1.4.2 Manfaat Masyarakat..................................................................... 5
1.4.3 Manfaat Akademik....................................................................... 5
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................ 6
2.1 Gaster Manusia ...................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Anatomi Gaster ............................................................................ 6
2.1.2 Fisiologi Gaster ............................................................................ 9
2.1.2.1 Sekresi Asam Gaster ........................................................ 9
2.1.2.2 Sekresi Mukus Gaster ...................................................... 11
2.2.2.3 Sawar Gaster .................................................................... 11
2.2 Gaster Tikus .......................................................................................... 12
2.2.1 Anatomi Gaster Tikus ................................................................. 12
2.3 Aspirin ................................................................................................... 14
2.4 Rebamipide ............................................................................................ 16
2.5 Aloe vera ............................................................................................... 17
2.5.1 Taksonomi dan Tata Nama Botani .............................................. 17
2.5.2 Deskripsi Morfologi Aloe vera .................................................... 18
2.5.3 Senyawa Aktif Aloe vera ............................................................. 19
2.5.1 Mekanisme Tindakan Penyembuhan ........................................... 20
2.6 Malondialdehida (MDA) ...................................................................... 21
2.6.1 Proses Pembentukan Malondialdehida (MDA) .......................... 21
2.6.2 Pengukuran Malondialdehida (MDA) ......................................... 22
BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN .. 23
3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian ............................................................ 23
3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ............................................................................... 25
BAB 4 METODELOGI PENELITIAN .......................................................... 26
4.1 Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ............................................................. 26
viii
4.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................................ 26
4.2.1 Tempat Penelitian ........................................................................ 26
4.2.2 Waktu Penelitian .......................................................................... 26
4.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ............................................................. 26
4.3.1 PopulasiPenelitian ........................................................................ 26
4.3.2 Sampel Penelitian......................................................................... 26
4.3.3 Estimasi Jumlah Pengulangan...................................................... 26
4.3.4 Teknik pengambilan sampel ........................................................ 27
4.3.5 Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian ................................................... 28
4.3.6 Variabel Penelitian ....................................................................... 28
4.3.6.1 Variabel Bebas ................................................................. 28
4.3.6.2 Variabel Tergantung ........................................................ 28
4.3.6.3 Variabel Kontrol .............................................................. 28
4.3.7 Definisi Operasional ................................................................... 29
4.4 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ...................................................................... 29
4.4.1 Alat Penelitian .............................................................................. 28
4.4.2 Bahan Penelitian ......................................................................... 30
4.5 Prosedur Penelitian ................................................................................ 31
4.6 Alur Penelitian ....................................................................................... 36
4.7 Analisis Data .......................................................................................... 37
4.7.1 Uji One Way Anova..................................................................... 37
4.7.2 Uji Post Hoc Bonferroni .............................................................. 37
4.7.3 Uji Kruskal-wallis ........................................................................ 38
4.7.4 Uji Post Mann-Withney ............................................................... 38
BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA ................................ 39
5.1 Hasil Penelitian ...................................................................................... 39
5.2 Analisis Data Penelitian ......................................................................... 40
5.2.1 Analisis Uji Normalitas dan Homogenitas .................................. 40
5.2.2 Analisis Uji Kruskal-Wallis ......................................................... 42
BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN .................................................................................... 44
6.1 Pembahasan ............................................................................................ 44
BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................. 50
7.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 50
7.2 Saran ...................................................................................................... 50
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 51
LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................... 57
ix
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel Halaman
2.1 Perbedaan Lambung Manusia dan Hewan Coba ......................................12
2.2 Bagian-bagian Aloe vera ...........................................................................18
2.3 Kandungan dan Manfaat Gel, Lateks dan Kulit Aloe vera .......................19
2.4 Senyawa Aktif Aloe vera ..........................................................................19
5.1 Uji Normalitas Kadar MDA Gaster Tikus ................................................40
5.2 Uji Normalitas Hasil Transformasi LN .....................................................41
5.3 Uji Normalitas Hasil Transformasi X2 ......................................................41
5.4 Uji Normalitas Hasif Transformasi 1/X ....................................................41
5.5 Uji Normalitas Hasif Transformasi X .......................................................42
5.6 Uji Homogenitas Kadar MDA Gaster Tikus .............................................42
5.7 Uji Kruskal-Wallis Kadar MDA Gaster Tikus..........................................43
x
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik Halaman
5.1 Grafik Rata-rata Kadar MDA Gaster ........................................................39
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar Halaman
2.1 Anatomi Gaster ...........................................................................................6
2.2 Lapisan Dinding Gaster...............................................................................7
2.3 Pembuluh Darah Arteri Gaster ....................................................................8
2.4 Pembuluh Darah Vena Gaster .....................................................................8
2.5 Anatomi Gaster Tikus ...............................................................................13
2.6 Aloe vera ...................................................................................................17
xii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
CAT : Catalase
CD : Cluster of Differentiation
COX : Cyclooxygenase
COX-1 : Cyclooxygenase 1
COX-2 : Cyclooxygenase 2
DNA : Deoxyribonucleic Acid
ECL : Enhanced Cheiluminscent
EGF : Epidermal Growth Factor
EGFR : Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
GR : Glutation Peroksidase
HCl : Hyndrochloric Acid
MALT : Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
MDA : Malondialdehid
NHIS : National Health Interview Survey
NSAID : Non Steroid Anti Inflamasi Drug
PG : Prostaglandin
PGE2 : Prostaglandin E2
PGG2 : Prostaglandin G2
PGI2 : Prostaglandin I2
PMN : Polimorfonuklear
RE : Retikulum Endoplasma
ROS : Reactive Oxygen Species
SCBA : Saluran Cerna Bagian Atas
SOD : Superoksida Dismutase
TBARS : Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance
TGF-α : Transforming Growth Factor Alpha
TNF-α : Tumor Necrosing Factor Alpha
VEGF : Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
WHO : World Health Organization
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran Halaman
1. Hasil Pengukuran MDA ..............................................................................57
2. Hasil Analisis Data Penelitian .....................................................................58
3. Dokumentasi Penelitian .............................................................................62
4. Kartu Konsultasi Tugas Akhir ...................................................................65
5. Surat Keterangan Laboratorium Biomedik FK UMM ................................66
6. Surat Keterangan Determinasi Aloe vera ...................................................67
7. Surat Keterangan Lolos Kaji Ilmiah Proposal Penelitian ..........................68
8. Surat Keterangan Lolos Kaji Ilmiah Laporan Hasil Penelitian ..................69
9. Surat Keterangan Kelaikan Etik .................................................................70
xiv
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