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Maintenance of herd health is
important because
◦Additional costs for treatments and losses
◦Reduced production efficiency
◦Reduced quality of marketable product
◦Consumer perception of animal welfare
Biosecurity is the prevention of disease causing agents entering or leaving any
place where they can pose a risk to farm animals, other animals, humans, or the safety and quality of a food product.
The same principles apply within the farm, preventing disease spreading between
animals and groups
Visitors, without disinfection
Colostrum from one farm to another
Hoof trimmers dirty equipment
Vets with dirty equipment
Dead lorry - carcass disposal
Slurry contractors
Safeguards herd against disease reducing
stress on animals and farmer
Safeguards human health
Improves production efficiency by reducing
the spread of disease within farm
Stops the spread of disease to other farms
Protects export markets
Maintain a closed herd Pre-test and isolate purchased or sick animals Restrict visitor access Provide boot washing/disinfection facilities Use common sense when moving around
farm Restrict access to water courses/neighbouring
stockThe factors above should be included
in a Herd Health Plan
Measure - Identify disease
Manage - Prioritise improvements
Monitor - Assess progress
Advice - Seek professional advice
Produced in conjunction with vet
Documents routine procedures,
treatments and vaccinations
Sets and monitors targets against
mortality and disease incidence
Quality assurance scheme requirement
Should include
◦Routine preventative measures
◦Treatment plans
◦Management procedures
◦Health performance monitoring
◦Health performance review
◦Action plan calendar
MonthRoutine
TreatmentsVaccinations Parasites
OctColostrum
Navel disinfectTissue tag
Cryptosporidia
Nov 1st Pneumonia Coccidiosis
Dec Disbudding 2nd Pneumonia
Jan
Feb
Mar1st Leptospirosis
1st Clostridial
Apr Turn out2nd Leptospirosis
2nd Clostridial
MonthRoutine
TreatmentsVaccinations Parasites
May2nd Leptospirosis
2nd ClostridialPulse bolus -
worms
June Fly treatment
July
Aug Fly treatment 1st BVD Liver fluke
Sept2nd BVD
Oct Freeze brandPneumonia
booster
Nov Service prep
Routes of Administration: Injection
◦Subcutaneous◦Intramuscular◦Intravenous (vet)◦Intranasal
Intramammary: Dry-cow tubes Topical: Pour-on, Spraying, Dipping Oral: Dosing, Bolus, In feed
Health and Safety◦ Protective equipment◦ Animal Restraining Equipment
Know weight of animal (to know dose rate)
Read instructions on label◦ Every medicine is different!
Correct medicine storage◦ Secure store/cabinet (or fridge where necessary)◦ Adhere to storage instructions
Clean equipment: Syringes/Needle(s)
1. Ensure coat is clean and dry2. Fold loose skin behind shoulder, hold syringe with
other hand 3. When animal is calm insert the needle at 45°,
squeeze the barrel slowly4. There should be no resistance5. Let the skin go flat, hold the insertion point with
your thumb and then gently remove the needle 6. Rub the injection site gently to disperse all the
medicine
1. Hold the needle in one hand 2. Prepare the skin around the injection site by
tapping it with the outside of your fist, on the 3rd tap, pierce the skin with the needle
3. Place the syringe on the needle and slowly inject the solution
4. To extract the needle hold the skin around it with your other hand and gently withdraw the needle
5. Rub the injection site gently to disperse all the medicine.
Antibiotics are essential for the treatment of infectious
diseases in both animals and humans
Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria that are usually
sensitive to a type of antibiotic to become resistant to it
The more you use an antibiotic, the higher the risk that
bacteria will develop resistance to it
Why worry about it?
◦ Very few new antibiotics being developed
◦ Important we use our existing antibiotics wisely to ensure
these life-saving medicines continue to stay effective for
ourselves and our animals
http://www.dardni.gov.uk/responsible-use-of-antimicrobials-in-livestock-leaflet.15.108_responsible_use_of_antimicrobials_in_livestock_leaflet_final_2.pdf
Important we use antibiotics in the right way:
◦ the right medicine
◦ at the right dose
◦ at the right time
◦ the right duration to slow down the development
of antibiotic resistance
Legislative requirement to record;
◦ Purchase of veterinary medicines
◦ Administration of veterinary medicines
◦ Disposal of unused veterinary medicines
◦ Disease occurrences on farm
◦ Keep records for five years
Food Standards Agency
Farm Quality Assurance Scheme
Milk processors
Supermarkets
DARD Veterinary Service
DARD Agri-Food Inspection Branch
Sick calf, 40kg,
showing signs of
pneumonia
Isolate calf, dry straw
bed
Vet has suggested
treating with Hexasol LA
Initial intramuscular injection at 1ml/10kg lwt
Schemes designed to monitor, control and ultimately eradicate a specific disease within a herd:
- BVD- Johne’s Disease- IBR- Leptospirosis
Herds may achieve ‘accredited disease free’ status for specific disease
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