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LRFDProceduresforGeotechnicalSeismicDesign
JointlysponsoredbyCaltrans&WSDOT
SteveKramer,UWJackBaker,Stanford
Todevelopframeworkforcompu:ngloadandresistancefactorsforgeotechnicalelementsofbridgestructuresandtransporta:onfacili:es.Theframeworkisintendedtobeconsistentwith,andtakeadvantageof,thePEERPBEEframework.
Theframeworkwillbeappliedtotwoproblems:
1.Pilefounda:ons(innon‐liquefiablesoil),and
2.TBD
• Review current LRFD approaches for problems of interest
• Identify application problems• Define performance levels and target reliabilities • Identify appropriate response models • Characterize parametric and model uncertainties
for foundation response models • Develop appropriate load and resistance factors
for application problems of interest • Determine load combination factors for application
problems of interest • Check results against typical design practice
• LRFD is recognized as one method of implementation of reliability-based design (RBD); developed procedures should be as "fundamentally correct" as possible from RBD perspective. Uncertainties in earthquake ground motions, soil properties, and pile response should be quantified and properly accounted for.
• Developed approach should allow evaluation of actual reliabilities produced by current, and eventual proposed, LRFD procedures.
• For consistency, approach should converge to result given by current, non-seismic LRFD procedures for earthquake ground motions of zero amplitude.
• Approach should include improved limit state definitions, both for strength and serviceability limit states.
• CurrentLRFDproceduresuseloadfactorof1.0forseismic.
• LoadingexpressedintermsofSaatasinglereturnperiod
• Resistancefactorsappliedtototalcapacity,nottoindividualparametersthatcontroluncertaintyincapacityandpoten:alfordeforma:ons
• LiSledataforcalibra:onavailable• Currentresistancefactorscalibratedtobeconsistentwithworkingstressdesign
• Forbridgesinnon‐liquefiablesoils,iner:alinterac:oneffectsaremostimportant
• Ver:caldisplacements(seSlement)arepar:cularlyimportantduetodemandsplacedondeck
Singlepile/shaWbehavior–lateralloading
Appliedload
Horizontalplane
Nolateralload
Lateralload
Singlepile/shaWbehavior–lateralloading
Appliedload
Horizontalplane
Nolateralload
Lateralload
y
p
Singlepile/shaWbehavior–lateralloading
Appliedload
Horizontalplane
Lateralload
y
p
p
y
S9ffness
Strength
Ver:calloading
Ver:calloading
Tipresistancemobilizedinbulbbeneathbaseoffounda:on
Adhesion/fric:onalresistanceofsoilandinterfacestrengthmobilizedalonglengthofpile
Analysisofdeepfounda:onresponse–ver:calloading,singlefounda:on
Discre:zepile,representnonlinearskinresistanceusingt‐zcurves
Q‐z
t‐z
t
z
Q
z
Skinresistancegenerallymobilizedquickly
Tipresistancemobilizedatlargerdisplacements
Allformsofloading
Q‐z
t‐zp‐y
PileGroups
• BuildingOpenSeesmodelsoftypicalpilefounda:ons
• Interac:ontobehandledbyp‐y,t‐z,andQ‐zcurves• Simulatesta:cloadtests‐iden:fyimportantvariables
• Performsimula:onsofsta:cloadtests–usingmodeluncertaintyuponwhichcurrentresistancefactorsarebased,iden:fyimplieduncertaintyincontrollingvariables
• Withparametricuncertaintyestablished,performdynamicsimula:onsusingsuitesofbinnedgroundmo:ons
• Iden:fyop:malIMs
• Evaluatedistribu:onsofresponseparameters(EDP|IM)
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