Maarif - September 2011

âx) ´ dzŠ »òO(Z ¢ ŠZgZçgs

3Š° Y2 10 1m â{ _. | 341 2x ØZwZ½ â{ ¢�881z„p}

•gZ]261

Z$tZ£ƒÐöE

]Ñ£561 ¬gs »:à zZgŠ ~#å Z]§Åò(´)

»[™r#¬ÝZp0+z~°¢§;0îEGXGÅr381 Z ç5]œ‡]~²úŠ

ÍCÙ«DZq-¬gs902

eZË«pgæ)].h+»Zq-ZKyŠz„®812

6,zW·ZDwZ¶gº232

uÔmZ&kçgsÅeZu

532 ±g u%î0ZzZg_gc*è ( »[ )

,¬]].h+{732qXm

042 Ã ,· g¦

>ZŠZg]

¦·gZ,0+z~ Ñ**ñ~

¹zg Z°ÝÃ Ò[»Z[W!*Š

( %û )ƒÐöE£Zt$Z

0+z~ &»Z ·@

ŠZgZ¢(ZOò19 7†…�:

(gzeÔZW¥/|)-8(2 0067 1 6Ãe:

çgsm1102Y161

•gZ]',¤6~›yFZëZzg(,}ZŠZg}»x!Ð`gì�XZy~ЉÅ

',»]ÜsZàyJ-özŠ7ÉzWF,ZKã',ZŠg~ZyÐ;c*[ƒg„ìXZkzzÐŒVzZgŠƒäzZá÷}‰)�ÛÅ¡~îg6,tpZéƒCì�ZyZŠZgzVÃŒÛd$Њ¬YñÔZyƧi»gÔ»g™ŠÏZzgµ1VÐzZ/qÝÅYñZzgZy†]Ð5Yñ

MVä³xzj,ÅtŠZ*yg¶ÅìXeZËgZ”Z-[™r#Zzg³m,~šwÅÁe$Zzg¬zyÐz‰ÜŶÆ!*z�ŠZkpZéÅŠeƒmXzZ§tì�Zk»qÝåX

f!´~g�zZáZy›âVÃ�Zsòx]Æ_.i0+Ï*Zg**eT�X)]Zzg)b»‚o™**7,@*ìZIÃZyÐzZ��X{mîg6,¬©)bÆŸ~ZyÃJ)]7WC�XZy)bZzgZyÆiÅ**¦/k,¢zg]»Zˆk2891Y~ZsîÑ<ñÅ@*ª»!*)ƒZXZ[',¤6ÆZàzV~ZkÅ áñ‡ì�Zzg áŠ~Ô:tÔ7Òü

EZzgâàÚi¬]ÆYÆŸ~.e$Zë}.â]ZxŠ}g„�ZzgZk

§b',¤6Æ›çÑ{ÅZq-(,~¢zg]ÅŠ»‚ây™g„�Xf!çÑ{~ZkŸ~�]0*ñYD�ZyÆ7Ãt»xW‚y7ìZzgZkyZy~»x™ä

zZßVçb§bÅŠØZg-V»‚o™**7,@*ìXaèz;VÆ›çÑ{ÅtZq-(,~¢zg]ìZkaz‰Ü*gäÆ‚B‚BZyѦ°ZpV»IZW,ZzgŠZ],{»g',Z',(,|g;ìX$+¬ÐZÌJ-',¤6Æ°ZrÂx~Zy°ZpVÆhVÃt7HY@*XÅzzÐF)b

ŧbÃ±Æ Beth Din aZƒD�X¢zg]Zk!*]Åì�·Š-VÆèIZŠZg}hVÃ̇âãwŠ~YñXZkÐ:Üst�',¤6Æ›çÑ{ÅZq-(,~¢zg]7g~ƒÏÉzZ§tì�ZkƵZW,Z]7g}',¤â~çÑ{6,CkKYNÐXæ¹ßy~zZµÃ±Æ%œ/~Ší~eZËgZ”Z-[™r#Æ‚Bq¢~ƒðZzgñÆhñ~¾weZËt;3ï XGEŒ™r#Ð5‡]ƒðXñÅu¤/ñVÐzZ/qÝ™äÆ´z{¡~îg6,ñçqWŠZgZ¢g;X

)Z¶yZÑsò(ÃSàZÌqÝìXt Muslim Aid ',¤6Æ›ZŠZgzV~Zq-¬@w»ZæZŠ~ZŠZg{ì�Š*ÆZ”V~u¤/x¿ìXtZŠZg{5891Y~',¤6Å

›¡VÅœ�Ã@VƳ~cnz�Š~Wc*Xg~øuZkz‰ÜZ�ÛiÆqÑ]¸˜VZZò[Æ!*)(,~®ZŠ~úZx.e$™ZKã)bЊzeg¸Xz‰ÜÆ‚BŠ*ÆZèV~ZK+MÊg7)b»ZˆkZŠZg{ÆŠZ],{»g~ÂW»!*)¯ZzggCgC

çgsm1102Y261

ZjjîyÔ@Š÷Ô1û7Ô²ZtZzgŠzu}´~»x@lŠHX*‚wZkZŠZg{Å@*ª6,æ‚w7g}ƒ‰XZkŠzgZy›Zi+ZÖÅZq-(,~Z+XYXZzÅwZ(g™_ìZzg

Zkz‰Üc.çGOÐic*Š{´~ZkÆZZ‡qµ1V6,»xƒg;ìXZÜmZzg4ÚÅ',•Ðt7ŠZ&g,œ~¬ZK+M»ŠgŠgppzZá¼Z�ÛZŠäÎc*åZq-ÚzgŠg|#ÅZ(g™[ìTÆ‚t~"ÑgŠ¿ZKyZq-5ZyZzg6jAÐWÙƒgì�XpÙÅ!*]tì�6,z¤/ZñVŵ/È~Zzg"3©5å GEEGEÆZ%ÖV~Zsòx]7ÃgS�XŠ*ÆZ”V~qŠU*]ÐOW,ƒäzZßVÆaZ\Ògµ�ÛZë™ä»»x$+2gYg~ìpZ[ic*Š{ÂzZ,µ1V6,Š~Yg„ìXо"$ZzgøzòÆãCŠ~Zò[»ZiZ!HYnZzgOW,+ÆaZq-!*³]i0+Ï*ZgäÆZò[�ÛZëKYÃXt»xš&è<ØzIZK+MÅ}.#ÖÆîg6,HY@*ìXZkz‰Ü@Š÷Ô1û7Ôëec*Ô²)45é

YEGÔZ&+zkÔ²ZtÔZgŠyÔ

pÔayÔßâDÔ0*ÎyÔu~]dZzgÎeZy~ZkÆìW~‡ì�X½Zzg¡ÆyZy~tZŠZg{Sî(,~‡.ÞŠg}.â]ZxŠ}g;ìXZk»x~ZмŠZë¬@ZŠZgzV»

‰ZŠZg} áï OXFAM Zzg UNCHR, IDB, OIC, UNDP, UNICEF ¬zyqÝìX~Zzg CEO �XeZËgZ”Z-[™r#Æ‚BZkÆ%œ/~Ší~»[¦ÑsZ−+™r#

1geWsR,„Æhñ~»[zZV™r#Ð5‡]ƒðXZŠZg{ÆZ‡VÊڻñµ5ZzgZkÅu¤/ñVÅZ˜]ÐzZ/q݃ðXŠZgZ¢ÆZµ"Zzg)bik,WWñXŠzâV|Z]ŠZgZ¢Æa„qZzgZkÆqÑ]Å4~ÆpZ;VÔpÙÅ!*]ì�›Zi+Æf)ŠZgZyZ[yz*y~ÌW~Å%Å»g-V~zs�X

~�gdZzgóZŠZg{Zsî (Leicestershire) ßyÐŒÛd$ÎéÆÃ,6,«Ãƒ&+cìXZkZŠZg{ÊÚÅ(,~pZé¶XŠø7[z‰Ü~z;Vªx»ÜsWy~Šy$g;åXzZ3Å6,zZi áx~¶XOçð0*c*�ð~»gÐz;VYc*YñZzgzZ3~¦ñZk,7g

−YNXOç91B�ÑðÅð~³m,~šwgZ”Æ‚BßyІZzgŒÛd$Šz‚ÆÆ2w°Š6,V‰XŠc*gf[~ZkxZ�yZsò%œ/ÊN™YplƒŠHXZq-zW«

ZgZè6,;ƒZqgÂV»ŸŒfztZzgŒZOx»ØŠ}g;åXÃ&+cÆeZ],I¾weZËoøZŒ™r#³¸XZq-Šyˆ„ZŠZg{ÅZq-Zë)¶ZkÆ!*z�ŠëßvZ#J-z;VgìZrVä‚g~z5]Ãñsg3ZzgÃ&+c»Zq-Zq-Í(,~›ÐŠ3c*Xøg}$zxeZ˦Gy0+z~™r#ÌŒZ·tÐz;Vñ�ŠZzgz;VªxÆŠzgZy7g}z‰ÜZy»‚Bg;Xz;VÆZ‡V~»x™äzZßVZzgf)ŠZgzVÐÌ5‡]ƒðXeZË«YZvœj™r#ÐËŠg,Ð!*]ƒðXŠZgZ¢»f™¡~îg6,Úg;Xëµ

çgsm1102Y361

™D��w~ŠzâVZŠZgzVÆŠgxyZ·Zu¿Åßg'aZƒVÏŠzPÆ3äZzgúi×Æz;VÅplÍZgc*ŠzVÆ‚BZk,7gÆagzZ:ƒñXtZ\kZ%g{ŠH�ZŠZg{ÆœgdZzggzbgzZV6,zWpgæZ£™r#Ð5‡]:ƒmXz{ZÏŠy áxÃ=pÑgì

p÷}6,z¤/Zx~ÂWÅRö7¶zg:ZyÐ5‡]Å(,~pZé¶XZsîÃ&+cÅ@*ª3791Y~ƒðXtZq-ZZŠgz»óÔ(ZzgZ áZŠZg{ìX

tI áh+I¾:ƒ�ZkyZy~¬@£g6,»x™äzZáZsòZŠZgzV~ZsîÃ&+cÃCÙZzwŠ3ÅwqÝìXZkÅóu¤/ñV»ŠZ],{»gãCŠ~îg6,Zsòçâ]Ô<Ôâ1]Ô›|ð©]Ô¢ÈÎZÅ)åEZ<ØÔ-gz\Zzg',¤6~ZsxZzg0*Œg^a6,Œ

ìXZ’ZY„ÐZkÅÃÒg„ì�Šzgq¢Æºm)bZzg{ÂtgnpƒñZsxÅx]Ã7HYñZzgZkŸ~igÉð�ÛZëÅYñX‚B„Šzu}èZ<ØÆcz»gzVÆ‚BZigºZ2ZgKYNXtÑZq-Šzu}Æ!*g}~4zZ/qÝ™äÆfg=„qÝHYYìXZy£œÆ”wÆaÃ&+cä�ßZ»gHìZÐ)©à„¹YYìXZkÅ,¬]Å®ZŠZkz‰ÜegÎÐzi™_ìXZy~Zq-

ëw®ZŠ”VÆßZÅìXZsòçâ]ÆyZy~)©à}.â]»Z‹Zs™DƒñZk‚wZsîe-}JäÃ&+cÃSàZÅxÐâZiZìXïZzgZ á®)Æ‚B‚BÃ&+c½ÆyZy~̹z¯}.â]ZxŠ}g;ìXZk»Z0+Zi{âguìZ3Ws;k,Z�mÅu¤/ñVÐÎc*YYìXt¸„f!Š*~ËZŠZg{ì˜Vz;V

ÆZZ(ZŠZgzVÆZ0+ZiZzg£g6,Zsx½z$›ÐêG

»ñçqìXÃ&+c&ZëZzg£g~Š*~ZKâλËZzg áïì� Islamic Book Review N]Ì áù™@*ìXZy~

.e$z¯CìZzg0891YÐ',Z', áùƒg;ìXŠZgZ¢»uâtZŒg§]Z#åìXÑzq„ÐZÐ.e$ZÈxÐ áùHY@*g;

ìXzZ§tì�ZkÆZ’ZðZi+cäZkiâ:~ŒS®)»Zq-*£g‡ìHåX*¸ÃZk å ŠâV~Z#qÑ]ƃäZOòÆZ á6,z¤/ZxÃ',~§bOW,™Šc*å§]Z#

z‰ÜÌZ]ÅwqÝg„ìXOç4002Y~Zk»Zq-pzg]Zi+c áùHŠHåXZÌ*ŠâVZOòäZk»Zq-Šh+{id$Zi+c áùHìXZkÆN*?ÅÂ"$…Z<FÅ‹5éE”îGZÅWyZÆ*ÔæÜëg{ÆæoäÅìX]»£xì�&‚w¬ZOòäÂ1VÅ

£g~S®)»�ŸÑzqHåZkÆ� áùƒäzZàÂ1VÅ®ZŠZ[88ƒ_ìXpZ[ÌÎZÎÐic*Š{Â1VÅZ á®)!*¹ìXŠ¬ì�Zk(,}µ"ÅŠÆaŠg»g¢zg~z‚bÅ�ÛZbÅ−aZƒX

çgsm1102Y461

£Ñ]

~V#Z] ´)(ŧ»¬gs :à ~zZgŠ

»[™r#¬ÝZp0+z~)2(

´)(ZkÆ0g¶§Zi�:LLeZËZ4ô*Æ�g²!ŠZV�ÔF‚wæg3¬DÆ6,±gìÔ~~W™ á„Ã{:Åg7gè�øg~ÃÐ*g~ìÔqƒZ0vÅÂ[

å ZÑ™/°ZjZwZ7/¢ZzwZrVä„o™Æ®~VZðÔpZ#WÀ]

ÅÎZö/~6,Zq-x?Â[&¢zV~èÂëª]iŠ{ƒ™g{‰óóX)1(´)ª]iŠ{ƒäÅzz:˜ƒñZy‰à:Åß»g-VÅ

å z�;]6,gzÝeZsƒñWÐò‰Ô1zZ§tì�ZkäZkZKÂ[~—gÃ)Íf!*v(%Ï»%!ŒÛZgŠc*ìZzgZÏaZkÆçÜ*5,ZŠàtLLgzŠ~0*góóäZkÅÂ[6,û{H�ZkÂ[äFUƒVЂg~ZyzV6,0*ã

¢Šc*Zzg…Zk‰(,}¬ÝÐCÙ¦/µ7¶�z{ZkÜZëÂ[™~dZßwzçZ*»0*k7™}ÇX)2(

Von Kremer, Alfred 421D6031|B8281D9881Y( 3) 8DzZy™\ÔZÁi+*~„aZƒZZzgD½zF,šMqÝÅÔ½qÝ™ä ¸è:*(:

ÆÓ#ÖäZÐ�g»ƒ±^Q0781Y~Ûz]5Ô˜VZkäZKu»g~ŠZgZ‰x»Ò‡CÙ{ÔX

çgsm1102Y561

tÆyZy~ZkäZC Z f)ŠZgc*V.e$plZ|!ÐSNÔ(„ZzgZ]4lçGI

{m£xaZHXtÆyZy~Zkä²!"¤]ÅízZ á®)Å Z dc*ŠÇg:Z]4lç

GI

§s{mÂzŠ~ZzgZ7ïzû}Æ áùHÔZkÅ áù™Š{{mÂ1V~zZŠ~Åèi~ÔâzgŠ~ÅZÑ©xZÅhÒŒé6Ô/~ÅZÑag°ÚT$ZÑrg{mîg6,‡.Þf™�ÔZkÆ´z{ZkäZsò á²zVÆ0Fd£Ñ] áùKÔ˜V

J-ZkÅ{m>]»mìÂz{t�:LL^Æ@*g]WU*góóÔLLZsx~�ÛtzèZ<ØÅ@*gõóóÔLLZsòÜÄÆ‚t~ætÆÕyÅ@*gõóóŠz¢zV~)7591Y~½$+gäZk»²!F,ÀH(ÔLLZsx~gZòZ°gÅ@*gõóóÔZk6,û{™Dƒñ*àt�*so%ÉÎæg¶§Ziì:

LLzZy™\ÅtƒÐ(,~p!ì�ZkäƒÐ¬Zsx»_·ÕãiZz-VÐHZzgZKÂ[LLZsx~gZòZ°gÅ@*gõóó~ZsxÃKÆa¬xÕyÅ@*gõÆZëz7ÒyKÔ'Æ4,Šq-Â[Å@*;»Ñ„¸g;�Š+Zsx~ñ�ŠgZòZ°gÃ�gZkz7Æúc*VHYñÔtz{Z2�X~ÕyÃps™äÆaLÌp~7W$ËóóX

'ÆZϧbÆZ°g~ZyÅÂ[:ZvÔt]ZzgÓ#Ö~ÌYOÃWD�X)3(

è ÔReinhart Dozy Y( 321D0031|B0281D3881 5 gezi~) #-£é GE 9DgZtZ Z]4lç

GI ~Zq-Z,�ÛZú{0+Zy~aZƒZTÆZÒZ�ÛZŠ ezi~;C (: C;Ða}ƒñÔTÐZkÅ,‚i~~»°W‚ãƒðÔ‚òi!*âV~Zл°'g]qݶÔ7y-Eg;~0581YÐ8781YJ-Zkä²!ÆZ*fÆîg6,}.â]ZxŠ,Ôz{ÑHÔ�ÛZúÔZôm,~Ôïâ~Ô*Zzg;à~i!*âV~7g}

âCÙ» ZOŠÆ‚BTWiâð™@*åÔZ0+ÖÅî]ÆjZáÐà:ÆŠgxyZÐ

çgsm1102Y661

ŠgzqÝìÔZ0+ÖÅ@*gõzÕyÆ!*[~ZkÅÂÁŠgzZzw»–~.ÑgÅYC�Xdc*ŠÇg:1D²!"¤]ÆjZáЉ@*W,Z]ÔÍS®)8481D

1581YÔ7yÔ2D7y-Eg;~ñ�Šæ¹NÂ1VÅz„ÔÍS®)1581YX3DZÜ~›âVÅ@*gõ%Z$Œ4è EGEÅìJ-Ôeg¢,ÔÍS®)9481D1681YX4DÇzV~ZÜÅZsò@*gõ6,Zq-ÃÔŠz¢,ÔÍS®)1881YX5D>;CÆæ¹NÂ1VÅz„ÔÍS®)1581YX6D@*gõZsx:W¸iZsxÐ3681YJ-ÔZkÂ[Ãezi~ä;C~i!*y~"Hå&àtØ@ä�ÛZúi!*y~Ü™Æ7yÐ9781Y~ áùHX)4(

ì: iZ ™Dƒñg¶§ { *so%ÉÎæû � àt [LL@*gõZsxóó6,* Å Zk»m (Essai sur I'histoire de L'Islamise) LL˜VJ-ezi~ÅÂ[

ÆÄZyÐ3681Y~ áùƒð (Het islamisme) ÂtZÝ~;C~i!*y~ ì¶Ôt�}_·6,ŒZq-YìÂ[ìX'ä@*gõÆWs~ZsxÅ@*gõ»ZiZz-VÐZ”VZzgZqÑ]Æ�_·™äÅÃÒÅìXZkªCÙ~YöÆ!*z�ŠÂ[~¼ºmUƒV)Š´UƒV(6,c™äÅic*Š{ÃÒÅìZzgZsxÅ(Ïc*Õã@*gõ6,¹„ÁgzÝìXqÑèÃð¿Z¤/ZsxÅ(ÏZzgÕã@*gõÆ‚BÕyzpÄÆyZy~ZsxÆ»g**ñV6,Ã

7eZmÂZsx»9z7Òy™**Zq-**e¿ƒÇXZkÂ[Ù~ezi~ÐZq-Ãlttƒð�ZkäDzpÄzÕyÆyZy~ZsxÆ»g**ñVÃÒy™ä~8IлxfeƒñZ7uu~îg6,Òy™Šc*ìXŠâp~ezi~äo²[ÆZÝŠ+Åc~àtZ4ôÅWgZY6,½z3HìÔŠ+·åÆjZáÐ!*]™Dƒñezi~ZLZ*fÐÌWÐòŠHìz{Hì:Š+·åŠ*Š+743§ö

EGE

„»l/ìÔT~·åäºmF,&45é GGE]ZzgU*"$o{Zzg„Š]Å5ªV»ZŸ†™Šc*ZzgZÞ�ZiÐZkþe$Š}Š~ÔZk~�q5ìz{·å»tŠúò�z{ZvÆgÎw

çgsm1102Y761

�Xezi~äŠz”VªLL·åó]ЬóóÔLL·åó]Æóó~ÑÅ,ÔZyÅ{mz¬xi0+ÏÔZyÅx]Zzgz{{mqÑ]XÐz{*g}Ô2çÑ{~ZyÅ@*|ÔzÃ]J-Š+ZsxÅF,¹z�ÛzrÆjZáÐ-WÅìÔZkÂ[~

Å,6,Ãðºm å Å,ÆjZáÐezi~ä�%µ7HìZkз å·Å,ÃpU å ¬Î**Zq-»xìYV�ezi~ÆÒy~»°§ŠìÔLz{·

Å, å Zq-%!Å~LÑN*ZzgkgzŠ!*iÅ~7™@*ìZzg}}·Zkîg6,ªCÙƒCì�z{Zq-™r#Ñ<Zzg™r#o{ZKy�XZkƈLLŒÛWyz<LZzgZYâVóó»!*[ìXŒÛWyÆ!*g}~ezi~»Iì�z{Zq-uŠgzfztÃyZ[™äzZàZŠ¶zZàI¾WöqìXZsòx]ÆmÐezi~ä.e$¿Òy6,ZrHìÔo}ÆaÜsŠzÔ{mK�ÔZܹ

x]Ì.e$uu~îg6,ÒyÅ�XZsò@*gõÆjZáÐZsxÅ(Ï@*gõÌ9§j6,77ÅÔZsxÆ�ÛVÔ’rVZzg‘:gD**]Ã,ÐÒyHìÔ‰:Z’Zð�Ûºz)ÈÔ„ÏZzwÆÇ~ZsxÅqªÔ�Û‘Z�‚Ô

XLL-g\~ZsxóóÆÄZyÐZÜZzgÑàZ�ÛiÆqÑ]6,cìÔ 5( ßsz){)F,ÃVÔjßVÔyz*yZzguƈezi~äz;!)®)6,ic*Š{cÅìXWy~`~LL)q¢~ZsxÅ7icóóÆÄZyÐz{ZsxÆw»X7™@*ì�Wc*|áZk6,„qÝ™0*ñÏc*ZkДánÏ?ZkÅgZñì�ZsxÆ{8»¦ge7®Zz{gzðÅ´laŧbîsæ]J-!*¹gìÇóóX)6(

Ôè: Muir, Sir William Y( 4321D2231|B9181D5091 uz@) Ô 01DñgZe^C~aZƒZÔZeÎZ-Eg;Ð�ÛZº)ƈZÏ-Eg; Zày(:

~D+g+}.â]ZxŠ,Ôdà]ÅzzÐÓ#Öä7381Y~yz*yŸŠc*Ô5681Y~Zôm,~Ó#ÖäZzŠ|»Íg3,¯Šc*Ô8681YJ-Íg3,~Æ�ÛZøZxŠ¶ÆˆZÐ5881Y~ZeÎZ-Eg;»zZõe·¯Šc*ŠHÔ2091YJ-z{Zk

çgsm1102Y861

g;X Ç}6,Ã,óóeg¢zV~ÔßyÐ8581YÐ1681YJ- å dc*ŠÇg,:LL§]·

áùƒCg„ÔLLÜÄ»æzbgóó3881YÔLLZsòâ~.óó1091YÔLL^~ÝñVÅÓ#Öóóz){X)7(§]·å6,*àt�*so%ÉÎæäû{H�)8(˜VJ-ñg»mìÂz{ÍZKZôm,~ZgðeËÆ!*z�Š·åÆ‚BZLd^~»°uJ-gŠg;@*ëYOt&Ò54ø

GEGÌÅ�·å-+MÆ‚t»Dgƒ‰ÔñgÅZk

Â[~ZëZzg¢zg~dñZŠÅ�ËÇZzgE§]óg~ÆaZëqìÔ»°¶ìÔZ%‰Zë**ŠZ:£Ñ]��ZLW\~Zq-7gnp�X)9(

ÔBarthelemy' Saint-Hilaire Y( 9121D2131|B5081D5981 ) 3Ô.ç XG 11D',å@Â'Zzg(„ŠZVåÔZèZ<Ø6,FÂÁKÔ‰: ¸è:�ÛZ÷(:

S®) Í(Mohomet et Le Coran)yW 1D1ŠJyz*ãÍS®)9581YÔ2D·zŒÛ5681YÔZkÆ´z{F£Ñ]ÌZ¨S-G+~ áùKÔ‰!*Š á{yÔ áò¬òi!*y~²!r7881YÔ áòi!*yÆLÆZßw7881YÔrÆ£òL6,_·5091YÔŠkÆ£òL6,_·6091YX)01(

Ôè: Theodor, Noldeke Y( 1521D8431|B6381D0391 Ô¹eg) O 21Dâ−[v~Zq-diyZä~ZkÅaZöz›zúƒðÔ˜V *Æà *(:Æoš6,Ã,¸XâŠg~i!*yÆ´z{‚òÔ²!ÔÃgÏÔ ZÒZ�ÛZŠdzÓäZOð

F,ÅZzg©]~¾waZHÔ6581Y~eZËf$Åe¤/~qÝÅÔ2',Az7yzKX‚òi!*âVZzgZsò@*gõÆZ*fÅwÐ* zc***~(%Zi7g}

ÅF-Eg-V~}.â]ZxŠ,Xdc*ŠÇg,:1DŒÛWyÅÎgÂVÅZÝzF,IÍS®)9681YÔZk£!6,

óóÅ"~d¬zy å 8ZÝe~Åe¤/~qÝÅÔ2DàtZ4ôÅÂ[LL§]·ÍS®)3681YÔZkÆ´z{ (Das Leben Mohammeds) HÔ3DLL§]·åóó

çgsm1102Y961

X)11( �Á g ÆyZy~ZkÅF¤/ZVŠ ï i!*yzZŠ[ZzgF,Àz ! ZsòExÔ²óó6,àt�*so%ÉÎæä–LLZÞ,œ~Æ‚]ÅŠ;ð å LL§]·

ŧ]6,p}ŒÛWyzZsxÆ å ŧ]óg~~{mZÌÅqïìÔ· å·'äTWiâðÅìÔ™»ÑZzg§]ÆjZáÐZLZssÆ0ìÑ]Ì7K�X

·åÆmÐâ−O»Z¿Štì�t»xZ4ôŧbJZ0+ZiZCäÆOñZßwI~Zzg¤ÏÆcZñ~ƒ**ecÔZ¤/ÃðteLì�z{·Æ‚B

ÃW\Åi0+Ï~ÜsZq-Ñz+ å ëƒÂZÐZLZz6,tÑix™¢8ec�z{W\‡Z+„ÅwÐ:ŠAÉZkÃÐÌŠA�z{ZKgziZ:Åi0+Ï~ZL zô/ñÆ‚Bç5]~ù¸Xz{¬àøsZzg(ÎÆâ´¸X)21(

:è ÔSedillot, J.J. 21|B7771D2381Y( 74 911D 0 ÔYyYu) - 31D¦²!i!*y6,gqÝ™äÆZLy6,„d»ñV~'wg;Ô �ÛZ÷(:

²áJ-ZÏZjw~½Æ�ÛZøZxŠb˜VнqÝŶX²[Zzgƒ]ÅZÌ6,Zq-ïÑzqÅ1å áù™äЬ„ZkŠ*Ð^ÎÔZkÅc˜ZsgZYÂ[LL@*gõZ²[óóì�7781Y~TƒðÔT~Zkä-g8Õy6,Zsò²!ÕyÅY\ZzgZkŤ6,¹„,ÐgzÝeZàìX)31(

:è ÔJulius, Wellhausen )9521D6331|B4481D8191Y( Ô�: ÍÛz 41D*Æà6)Òè

XE~aZƒZÔŠ«C]ŽqÝ™äÆ0781YÐ *(:ÇŠ*Å@*gõÅD+gö6,âñgƒZÔ*ÅF-Eg-V~@*gõÆZ*fÅwÐ�ÛZøZxŠbX

dc*ŠÇg,:Zsx]~Fdzó»xKÔ‰:1D²!Ó#ÖÔ2DpZgÔ zizZwÅ@*gõ z Ó#ÖƲ ! ÜÄJ-² ~ ZzgÛÔ3DZsxƼgÐá™Zñ

4D·åæÜ~)tzZŠ~ÅÂ[LLZÅ.›éEi~óó»F,Àì(Ô5DZsò@*gõÅZ’ZY

çgsm1102Y071

b¢zV~Ô6DÇt~åÆæÜ»Š2gÔ7DZsx~Z(Ï)ÈX)41(LL@*gõZ−zÈîGZ²Ôð¼gZÑsxZà.!îGGZ−zÈîGZÑñ!îGGóóÐ¥xƒ@*ì

ÅŠú]Æ!*g}~ å �Zkä)t~ÃÃð{mZÌ7Š~ìÔÍz{ÑåZzgW\·Še$Zzg|áÐOW,ƒ™',Z{gZ„úWzg7ƒZìpAs‚ÅcЙsªCÙƒ@*ì�z{Zsx÷Še$»@*,â}ì‰tw�LLlÃZsxÅ%œ/e$Æa{m™Šc*ŠHZzgZk§bZsxÃåÆa·Še$ÐZµ™Æ²1V»¸òŠ+¯Šc*ŠHóó)51(X·ŠÐZkÅgŠ~™sªCÙì�LL·åä·Š-VÆ‚BK‰ç@Z]ÂhŠØZzgP„‚ßV~¼©àZò[»–gZá™·Š-Vðz홊c*óóX)61(

Å(Ïi0+ÏÅ~ZCc*ìXZk»§i„Zk¿ å ¸Z0+ZiZkäW\ЪCÙì�·åäZL�xÆjZáÐLÌt7Îe�ZyÅŠú]ÐZ»VÆßva,ÔZ#�ƒ**tecå�z{ZKŠú]ÐZ�ÛZŠÃ�hDpZkÆOñZrVä7g~7g~)oVÃ�hZÔYèZy»Ñtå�z{ZK²!xÃZLaZq-Š´)®)ÅŠ,X)71(

:è ÔGodfrey Higgins( 381Y 3 811D8421|B2771D 5) 45»4øXG

YE51DÇge�Û~Ô

ZÖ~aZöƒðÔ½zF,šMƈâCÙZW,c*]ÅwÐ Zày(:czsƒZÔF¡VÐzZhg{™�YZzgExZsò~à]0*ðX

t|ÇVZzg·Š-V (Horae Sabbaticae,P.1826) dc*ŠÇg,:1Dt(The Celtic Druids,P.1827-29) ÆlkŠyªßÆŠyÆ0ìÔ2D

|ðäÆZq-{m�ÛºÆ!*g}~ìÔT~'ätU*"$™äyz*yÐó]™ÆZày~j-$ (Celtic Druids) ÅÃÒÅìÔt�Û‘

(An Apology for the life and character of the celebrated 5+k,ƒŠHåÔ3DtÂ[9281Y~ Prophet of Arabia called Mohamed, or the Illustrious)

çgsm1102Y171

’¶)81(XZkÆjZáд)¦Ñy0+z~»Zq-Z½k7™**4ƒÇÔŧ]ÆjZáÐg¶§Zi�: å ´)ä45»4ø

XGYE

ÆwÃÜHìT~z{—gÅ,zŠú]äW\Æ å Æcz»gzVÃt!*]c*ŠgDbec�· ð LL}

ÆZ’Zð ð ô/ÆŠßV~T§bÅ)]aZ™Š~¶ZkÜ)]z½}cz»gzVÆŠßV~LÌaZ:ƒm¶ZzgZ¤/Ãð¿Zk!*]Å[™**eLì

ÆŠÔZ7Îà ð ÂZÐ**»òÆÎZ¼;B7WñÇÔYèzZ§tì�Z#}Š¶Æaá™−ÂZyÆjZg~xƒ™¸v−2Š+ŠZg~»�ÑN*—Xg3åZÐZ@*gNZLÑЊSnŠZgƒ‰ZzgZ7ZyÆŠ7VÆ;BiCÙ»\!ÅWÆaÎ,$Šc*Ô˜VJ-·åÆZô[»mìÂz{ZLÑ6,.VÆz‰Ü:ÜsZyÆeJw¶gìÉZ#J-Z7ZLŠ7V6,„qÝ7ƒZZkz‰ÜJ-ZKYy6,ö™Zy»ŠÃq™DgìóóX)91(

ÔEdward William Lane Y( 121D2921|B1081D6781 5)A 61DZezgŠÔz@ZÖ~aZöƒðZzgD½zF,šMqÝÅÔ²!i!*y :Zày(: è¸

Ð{mŠpg„Ôƪx~Zkä²!~'g]qÝÅX(Manners and customs of the Modern dc*ŠÇg,:1DÔ (Englishwoman in Egypt: Letters from Cairo) Ô2D Egyptians.P.1836)

(Selections from Ô4D (The Genesis of the Earth and of Man 1854) 3DX)02( the Keur'an.P.1843)

Reginald Bosworth (Y 4521D5231|B9381D8091 ) ÎgBZ\.-ôG Ô!*e g85Õä EE 71DZÖ~½zF,šMqÝ™äÆZq-Zjw :Zày(: è ÔSmith

~ægkÅwÐii0+ÏÑzqÅÔZ»œV~Š«C]6,)iŠØZzgFdzó>]4ŠXX)12(

Carthage and the þ Ô2D Life of Lord Lawrence dc*ŠÇg,:1D

çgsm1102Y271

ÔCarthaginians, Mohammed and Mohammedanism, P.1874, P.1913

ñyZ™Â[ŠgZÝZkÆeg)zV»ù·ì�Zkä2781Y~;gzZZjw~Šb¸X4781Y~�Ûzg~ÐâgaJ-Zkä¼Zzgh] (Harrow School)

ŠbÔΦ™ÆZÏ‚wLL·ZzgZsxóóÆ**xÐ áùHŠHÔT~ZkäZq-'àt»™ŠZgZŠZ™DƒñZÝ›ëÐ6,Š{ZVc*ZzgZLçÜà:ñgZzgZ4ôƘ[zZíZY6,**ŠZ:cÌÅ)22(ÔZq-(z{g¶§Ziì:LLZk~Ãð—7�·åàz‰Ü(χZ+ZzgèI§ZŠzâV¸pZy~|ðèI�ÛâVgzZƒVŧbé]zŠg¹**xÃ:¶Ô:ZyÆ0*ko„ŧb}.xzç¸Ô:HZgåZzg:q á„åÔ|~Z¤/ËÆ0t¹YYì�Zkä}.ZÆ

Å(fZ]ìÔYè.e$„"uz‚âãÅqª å ZOŠzÂÀ6,Ó#ÖÅÂz{Üs·~ZrVä:ÜsZq-0*À{VàÓ#Ö‡ìÅZzgZлx!Ðë)gHóóX)32(

Zsx§]©ÆjZáÐZkä�ÞzæÜzŸ¬»7Å�z{.e$„ŠwWzm,�ÔZÏa´)()42(ZzgZyÆ á¤/Šgæä((Zk

àtÅÂ[ÐZ½‚]7K�X)52(WollastonArthur Naylor Y( 7521D0431|B2481D2291 81DWgê**&Îæ

JzZÅh4è

HE)~½ (Stockwell Grammar) Z6uzs¤/ZxZjw ¸è:Zày(:

qÝ™äÆZ&+c*W~~�g‘°u5i#ÖÅÔœzZZyŠZg~ÅzzÐ6881Y~Z&+c*W~»ôZyZd¯Šc*ŠHÔLyz*yY**7ƒZ1œZzgØtÐÃgÏi!*y~Zâ'g]qÝÅ�ßyÆZ]43©è

HGEE»Ò~8981Y~ðÅ}.â]ZxŠ,Ô0881Y~

µ54h45»4è GEHEYHEñi*~æ¹"¤]ÆF,ÀÅôZãÌÎ{ˆXdc*ŠÇg,:F¤/ZVŠgÂÁgh,X~uz„LLZâZg−óó»

(The Sword of Ô (English Persian Dictonary, P.1882 Zôm,~F,ÀZzgÔ (Dictionary of National Biography, P.1885-1900) Ô Islam, P.1905)

çgsm1102Y371

(Half Hours with Muhammad....: Ô (The Religion of the Koran)

Together with a Short Synopsis of the Religion he Founded,

)62(z){�X P.1886)

ñyZ™Â[~Zq-(g¶§Ziì:LLZk~Ãð—7�âqZKãÆjZáÐÎ�~@*|Ñåägh~

ÅÓ#Ö å ìz{™ÒZgn6,ŠxgppzZáË̿Â7óóX)72(Zzgt�W\ßÍVÆŠßV6,ìZzgtZq-"n»x!ì�âqZKãÅ@*gõ~ áh+„Ë¿Ãq݃ðƒóóX)82(

Zày: è ÔMajor Arthur Glyn Leonard ÆWgê†íC**ge D 91ZkàtÅdZzgii0+ÏÆ!*g}~¥â]×7Ap‰d»ñVÅ¢zgBX

The Ô2D The Lower Niger and its Tribes, P.1906 dc*ŠÇg,:1DHow We Made Ô3D Camel, its uses and management. P.1894

Islam: Her moral and spiritual Value: A Ô4D Rhodesia. P.1896

ÔñyZ™Â[~¦Z÷Z» Rational and Psychological Study. P.1909

-l)ìÔT~ZrVäÂ[»-¬gs™ZDƒñ™r#Â[»]tZŠZHì�ZkäZsxZzg§]t~åÆjZáÐZ»sлx1ZzgZsxÅÑ»Z‹ZsHìÔZyÆZÖp�:

Æ‚B™g; LL=pÙì�~ZkÂ[»¬gsZÏZÖgä]ZzgŠpì�Zq-Z,ñçq6, ƒVTÆ‚B~äÆC**geÅZk»ŠÂ[Ã7,J

èˆì�¹„ZÌ»qïZzg.e$„ˆkìXÂ[ÅWJ”V~ZrVäZyCÙZkÎZw»„j�Z[Šc*ì�·åZzgZsxÆ£œÐ0�Ô

Å,żöCÙ( å ñç¬]‘:Z0+Zi~ÒyK‰�Ô1ZsxZzg—g

çgsm1102Y471

ÅpÃìZzg9¬ÎäÐ}ò̵Z0+Zi~ªCÙƒñ�XWy~tIeƒVÇ�[gZñ�̃1~tCk™g;ƒVÆC**geäZq-.e$„ZëZzgŠNñçq6,²:ZV™dŠ*ÃZCŒÛnŠZg¯Šc*ìóóX)92(

ì: iZ ]Òy™Dƒñg¶§ Z ÆjZáÐ'ZL@*W, } ZsòoLLZsòo}ÅŠzZqÐi~S¤Z+�MVä=—îg6,å

¤/zh+{¯ñg3ÔZq-Zv¬\»"Z+~¦gÔŠzu}ZkÅfZ]ÑÑq-6,ZZyz¢ÔZkÆ´z{Zv¬\ÆaZÜmz›»_./�ZÒkHƒVЊzgg‚rìóóX)03(

ŃIguЊ*ÃHÃZ+{àÔ)'äŒVÜs²1VÃ{m å—g™Šc*ìZ#�Zk»m7g}âqZKãÐì('qì:

ÅLe$¶�ZrVäZsxÆfg=²1VÅ%Š{i0+7V~Yy å LLt·eZwŠ~ZzgZy²1VÅtpl¬¶�Z7ZsxÐu�ÛZiHŠHÔTZsxä:ÜsZ7$+z~D©ÖÐïw™Zq-6,_ÒZ‰HÉZ7¬ÝÅxZã

Å‚ŠÏÔZŠZwI~Ô¤ÏZzg0*ÀÏ å Åt]»°wz)w2W\ å «ÅÔt·¶Tä²1VÅZܹZzg„~F,šMÅZzgZ7ZK+M»ŠgkŠc*óóX)13(

Â[»WZVz-g\6,ZsòÕyÆZˆ**]ÃÒy™äÆa{mHŠHìÔ].h+ExzÕyÅúZzgF,¹~Zsò�d$zpÄÅ@*|6,̧qÝcÅìXZq-(qì:

LLW`ëZL0tÎ!��ëÕyzpÄÅ—F,+gfqÝ™`�pHth7ì�ëZk»Z‹Zs™,�…tgf²1VZzg›âVÆâèÅpDZzgÕãF,¶VÆÜ~Bì�Zkz‰ÜJ-7gZ-g\

~xg;åóóX)23( } ˜ªÆZ0+ƒSigismund Wilhelm YÔ 5321D9131|B0281D2091 ]½g.ð

Y&+zÅ:êXÃb) 02D

çgsm1102Y571

´)(äZkŸèZàyèìŠgZÝtð Ôè*: Koelle

~aZƒZ1ßy~»°‚w*Zg}Ôt (Cleebronn)y 5,ZŠìÔ*Æà_5Ò2.ç GGE

**xZ�Ûji!*âV~gqÝ™äzZßVÅ«7~W@*ìÔ |ð+åZzgZk»|ðZjw~+ÅF,šMqÝ™äƈ5481Y~ßy (Basle) à!*÷

Æla�~΂Ì~vƒŠHÔ7481YÐZ�ÛiÆo§ZCy~�g|ð+Æ}.â]ZxŠ,X

(Grammar of the Bornu or Kanuri language dc*ŠÇg,:1DBeing an historical comparision between Mohammedanism Ô2D 1854)

The death of Christ upon the cross. A fact, Ô3D and Christianity 1865.

(Is Mohammed as innocent of imposture as Ô4D not a fiction, 1885)

ÔJesus Christ?, in: Church missionary intelligencer and record 1890)

Ô6D The apocatastasis or restitution of all things, London 1896) 5DMohammed and Mohammedanism: Critically Considerd, Rivingtons,

X)33( London, England, 1889)

ZkàtäZsò›ëÐ6,Š{7ÙZ(gÅZzgñyZ™Â[~ZkäZsxZzg—gå6,)²:Z0+Zi~JW,XÔZkÅ7g~Â[˜[zZíZY»%µìÔfs~ZkÆP`Z]�gVwŠg`KYD�:

ìƒðZkÆZÖp~: 6,‡ ZsxÅãCŠ„pyyZ/ �–0 t]ZzgZsxÆLLZsxƪxÐá™W`J-ZkÅgZ{~pyÆÎZ¼Ì7·Zzgt

¿œ-V6,”ìÔ®Z…I7,@*ì�‘4gö G[Zzg·å~HãCŠ~�Ûtì�ZzwZ™äZCpy·™ZLŠ+ÅãCŠg¿Ô²ñyZ™äŠzuzV»py·™ZsxÅãCŠg¿óóX)43(

Šzu~(g¶§Ziì:LL)Íf!*v(ZZZÜt~‘4gö G[Ãå·6,¯E

çgsm1102Y671

qÝg„Zzg·ÆZ0+gßÍVÆÏz(ZÜmL7g;�‘4gö G[Å{¤ìóóÃ|áÃY+ZzgK»Z’ZYÐñµMg;ÔZkÆZÖp�LL·Å« å Zzgt�·

ç~äZL|ðRÐW\»¬gs™Zc*ÔW\ÅZq-ç~äS~|áJw™à¶ZzgW\ŃФç~âgt¢3‹0î G

EG�ÐWð¶z{Ì|ð¶X|ðgZÖVÐW\Æ©]ZzgW\Zgðe¾laƽc*C0*Šg-VЊ´Zñg6,!*]’A™DÔZyŠâVÂge$ZzgZgqÝ™**¹„W‚yå�¬xz{mßÍV~tŠ´ÂÁ¹„¬x‰ÔZ¤/ZrVäZ7qÝ™äÅÃÒŃCÂW‚ãЊø7[ƒ$ˉpaèz{kH{ÆoÃ7Y…¸Ô®Zz{Zk´`Ù„:nT´`ÃZg~7HŠHìóóX)53(

Šg`!*ÑZ½‚]6,Ën»û{z‰Ü»Mqì�ZkàtüèƒDƒñ̼¥x7ZzgzZu]Ã*™ÆZLìÑ]Æ@*,¯™7™**

à:Zzg|ðä»7g~@*gõ~{m&g;ìXÔè John Adam Mohler Y(Ô 0121D3521|B6971D8381 12D�yWŠxñ°)

*~aZöƒðZzgDZ|ðZjßV~½qÝ™äÆ *:Њ«C]~9181Y~ZZ(e¤/~qÝÅÔ (Tubingen) -Eg;WsÂ"5½è EEYE ˆ

~Å´Š«C]7,JäÆa�g)g½g~ƒðÔ(ŸÑzq™ä 2281YЬ*żŠ-Eg-V~SàF,šMÆaZÏ‚w5ŠHÔQ|ðè<ØÅ@*gõzZ2ÅD+gö4ŠÅˆÔZÏ-Eg;~Zkä/½czïZzg

½Å}.â]ZxŠ,XAthanasius dc*ŠÇg,:7281Y~ZkäƒÐ¬Šz¢zV~Â[the Great and the Church of his time, in her struggle against

ÆÄZyÐ áùHÔ Symbolic áùÅÔ2381Y~)i»ªù· Arianism

áùÅÔZyd»ñVÆ´z{&CÒð EV~ The Unity of the Church 5381Y~

çgsm1102Y771

uz„ Theologische Quartalschrift Š«C]6,p} áù™@*g;T~CZkÆ On the Relation of Islam to the Gospel ìÔZkÅ¿1YìÂ[

áù”{p}»ù·ìÔtŠgZݧ]t~å6,Zq-)²:W~¿ìÔ&|ð�~ä7481Y~Zq-îsl)Æ‚B®™

$gC4èGFGEZԽРáùHÔ

Åå äl)~Â[»¬gs™ZDƒñZsxZzgÑ (Rev.J.P. Menge) áWÅå fZ]6,ZÖgìwHÔáWqìLLeZËñ°ÅZkÂ[ÆF,À»Ñtì�·

§]6,Â[ÅgzÝ~'×h+gZñiãÅYñ2ZyÆ].h+Š+ZzgÂxÑ<ÅãCŠZzgpZm6,§qÝcƒX)63(

'ä§]t~åÆjZáÐZUƒVÐW™DƒñZsxZzgÑå6,JNìÅìÔ‰:

1DZsxÆ‚g}ZßwzIŠ~|ðè<ØÐâpf�X2Daè²1V~Ò]ZiŠzZ`ZzgéZàZûYÅg̹¬x¶®Z·Ì

ZkÐOW,ƒñX3Dè<ØZsxÅV~Oz¸g]¤/~»§iZCc*ŠHª!*ëÔ½Zzg"ãCŠ

Zäâ]ÃZkÂ[~ÌŠCÙZc*ŠHXáWÆl)ЪCÙƒ@*ì�ZsxZzg§]©6,Z‹ZŸ]»Zq-ÑpЄŸìT~�*szsÔzZdZgz8-ÔZ4ôÔÃbz){Æ**xuz„�X

Ôè Caetani, Leone Y( 1D6291 8 821D4431|B96 5)ãC÷ 22D»"5é JGãÔ6,Ð1981Y~eZËf$ÅZZ (La Sapienza) gzx~aZƒZÔgzx-Eg; ZO:

e¤/~qÝÅÔæ¹i!*âVÐ{mŠpg„Ô‚]i!*âV~gg‚råX~ÃgÏZzg²!uz„�ÔZO~ZÐZzwŠgz»àtŒÛZgŠc*Y@*ìÔ¹Y@*ì�ZkÆ0*kñgzOŠzª0*õ�ÎäÆ8}Ðic*Š{¶ÔZkÅç~ÅŠzªZµ¶ÔCÙ‚wt6,÷DÅÔ~ŠkDÙZgÎäÆ8}ya™@*åÔ¤dÆ

çgsm1102Y871

iâä~„Zkäyz*yÔZk,ZyÔz áxzay»dHZzgZq-“g¶ya™ÆN¶V»Zq-4+ù·ZL‚BZOÑc*X

dc*ŠÇg,:AyZy~Zkä&µ1V6,»xHÔZzw:Zsòz‡ùÅå ÔZkyZy~ƒÐª6,z�ZsxÅ@*gõå�—g (Annali dell'Islam)

ó]Ðá™Zñ~ÜÄÆZ!xª231|B947YƲá6,”ìptÅÜÄJ-»xƒeÔ«¢4091YZzgŠÎ, ñ µ/å7ƒeZzgÜs|]Z

Wy~¢6291Y~ áùƒðÔZkÅ@*;_54èEGEÆ_.Zϧbì‰@*gõd~

Zzg@*gõZ0Z|z){�Ô‚g~”Væ™ÆLLæ¹@*gõÆ_°]óóÆ**xÐ áùHŠHÔ‚g}ñZŠÃeg¢zV~ áù™ä»ZgZŠ{å1Üs«ZzgŠ~¢„ áùƒmXŠzx:Zsò@*gõÔŠzuZ6,z�¿Zsò@*gõ™»åÔT~ó]Ƭ‚wÐ229|B)226D7151Y(J-ÆZsòzZu]æHŠHìÔZkÅ»g~~Ò]в!"¤]ÐZ.Š{HŠHZzgZЊg`fsÄZyÐ

(Cronographia Islamica, ossia riassunto 2191YÐ8291YJ- áùHŠH:Cronologico della storia di tutti, I popoli musulmani dall'anno I

all'onno CMXXII della higra (622-1517 E.V.), correllato dalla

ÔÎx:†]ÔZk bibliografia di tutte le fonti stampatie e (manoscritti).

~ŠzÂÁuz„�:1DÍZÑ´xZ²Ô:Zk~‚g~ZëZsò†]Zzg £â]ÃZQ~F,KMÐ7HŠHìÔ2DZO!{3¨4è

EEGEZzgZyÅ>]ÅÂÒ]

ÔZkÅÜsZq-¢gzx (Saggio di un dizionario bio-bibliografico italiano)

Ð4291Y~ áùƒðX§]t~åZzg#ñgZ”+Å@*gõ~»"5é JGãä”h+**ŠZ:gztZCc*ìÔ

ZkäZsò@*gõÆâ~.Æ¡~uŠgz—»ZÖgHìÔ2Š´UƒVÃ8Ńzg‚ª2Zsò:q]Å,7™Dƒñ å ÃZ0+Zi™Dƒñ—g

çgsm1102Y971

tU*"$™äÅÃÒÅ�²[Ã�ÆŠßV~Š+].h+ÅÃð{m@*|7¶ÔÆÃtÊCÙZc*�aèbk,{²[~’góµzÈ (Winckler) ZkäƒÍz$¹Îæ

E

Š+].h+7™äZzgQ7,zÏ”VÃì™ä Ãå ‚àzZµƒCg„TÅzzзÅF,(BXgzxzÃgk6,Zsò:q]ÅzzZkÅÃ~tì�aèZkz‰ÜÃgk~J(ÏZ{wƒ`åZzggzx~JèIÚi¬]‡ìZzg¸ZyŠzâVx¸ÂVÆdo»:L¶X)83(

Ludolf Christoph Ehrenfried ( 9131|B5281D1091Y D 1421 ) Zë™ 32Dߊz³*~aZöƒðÔ½zF,šMƈckÐÌ Ôè*: Krehl

æ¹i!*âVÅZZ½qÝÅÔ2581Y~*Æàegi+ÍÆ á„Ã{:~�ghñ~ii0+ÏÑzqÅÔ1681Y~6,zWÅwÐæ¹i!*âV~½ÌŠ~Ô4781YÐá™9981YJ-æ¹i!*âVÆZq-âCÙZ*fÅwÐ'wz

�gg;Xdc*ŠÇg,:H~ÅÂ[$§÷

EEZÅ‹3ïGEÅŠz¢zVÅZ á®)~¬zyHÔ

Over the religion 9gg~Å&¢zVÃÌ áùHZzgÂÁŠg`fs�:1DOver the koranische Ô2D of the before-Islamic Arabs. Leipzig 1863

Contributions for the þ Ô3D science of the Prädestination. Leipzig 1870.

Ô4D characteristic of the theory of the faith in the Islam. Leipzig 1877.

Over the legend of the burn of the Alexandrini library by the Arabs:

ÔEstratto dagli Atti del IV Congresso degli Orientalisti. Florenz 1880

Omar ben Suleimans Pleasing the spirit. Leipzig 1848, with 5DThe life and the theory of the Muhammed. Ô6D German translation.

XLeipzig 1884

ŧ] å ñyZ™Â[6,àt�*so%ÉÎæ»û{5±ƒÔz{qìLL·‚ ÅTWiâðÆZkyZy~Zq-IZƒ O 6,ÃbÔÃÍe~',±ZwÔñgÔZ4ôZzgâ−

çgsm1102Y081

WŠHåÔpZÞ,œ~ÅWJÅŠ;ð~¾iâã�ÛtÆ‚BŠz(,~Â1VÅ"" ÐZq-5ÉZÔZk~ÐZq-»'™ZIìZ#�Šzu~Z~ñ°Å

ÅŠ´F,¶V»Y,{1ìZzg å ìX™ZIä§]·å~(ÏzZu]ÆÚø~W\ÃÒÅì�‚ZÑky)Y—ZggìÔ9gg~z›ÑpÐÌZkäZ.Š{HZzg

Ã�»xÒV å Åx]6,7,~ÔZkätÌ–�LL· å Z‹ZsH�²!ÕyÅãCŠW\q݃NZq-',ZpŠ¾nZzg[ÚZKyLÌz{»xÒVqÝ7™YZzgZk

ÅŠú]ZzgZsò]ÅãCŠZZZ°gzx]6,:ƒCÂW\å å ~Ãð—7�Z¤/W\Æz™wÆgUˆ„t])_ƒCÔ�Z°gzx]W`Ì™zhzVZKâVÃgzqãZzg„~czï~zsKƒñ�Ô2ZyƳ~œ-V6,”�zWdzgX

)!*¹( ªCÙƒZz{Zkè<ØÆdzpDÕyÅF,¹»ƒÐ(,Z á@ìóóX)93(

jZ!Y])1((ˆã:§]Z#Ô`1Ôm96D07X)2(,ÆaŠB0*g^Ô:Z−gZ‚]Z²ÔzZÑsð

ŧsZ+!*'™[™ä»m å °ZÎç]ZÑÓ6ÔF,À½âCÙÔo:‡CÙ{Ôm32B˜VJ-—gìÂZ4ôZkçn~Zñ7ìÔzZ§tì�à:ÆZk§bÆŠúzVÅzz¸ƒZ™C¶�ZkÐW\åÅt]6,wsWñÇTÆË~zkÆ4,zwÅ!*]„:gìÏXƒÐ¬Ü$Šö

E

–VäZk§bÅ!*'rÑzqXZzg¸z{¬ßv�MVä-g\~%ÏÆZY:ÃgzZ`Šc*ÔŠgZÝ-g\ä¬UZsxÆjZáЂg~¥â]Z7Ü$Šö

E–VÅÂ1VÐZ~.

XZzgÇzVÅ@*gõ~—gåÆjZáÐÎÌß!*'ZzgZYä“ZyÅzz¸ßv¸ÔT»Z‹ZspŠà:™D��ZsxÆmÐÜ—øg}a)ñNtâ~.g;Ô,ÆaŠB:úŠ£~i@Ûzt:§>Z°Îw°¦gZ]Zº"54è EGGEÔm09X)3(úŠ£~i@Ûzt:ZÑsx°ZËZÑ]4lç

GIZ¹Ôm021D121X)4(,Æa5±™,:“©3§öGGG

:àyÔ`2Ôm803D013X)5(ZÒïz)ëà:äZsò@*gõ~Š´Z%Ã]ÃZŠ¶ZzgZ7-$6g8-~7

™äÅ7g~ÃÒÅìÔezi~Æà:~�ÛZú·Š~àtßöâ_5½èEYE)0031D1831|B

»**xuz„ìÔTä'`ZzgŒÛZEZzgZ�‚�ÛVÆ Louis Massignon 3881D2691Y(Z°gzÃc*]Ã'×h+g8-Wö~Æ áùHìX)6(úŠ£~i@Ûzt:ZÑsx°ZËZÑ]4lç

GIZ¹Ôm511D911X)7(,Æa5±™,Ô“©3§ö

GGG

:àyÔ`2Ôm95X)8(úŠ£~i@Ûzt:ZÑsx°ZËZÑ]4lç

GIZ¹Ôm98X)9(´)(äZkÅÂ[6,˜VW,Å�z�¼jZáÌŠb�Ô§]

çgsm1102Y181

Z#Ô`1Ôm68Ô—gåÆ©ÆjZáд)äZkÆÑLŠúzV»Þ�Z[Šc*ìÔ`1ÔmjZáÐÌ´)äZkÅpÙ 401D501BìZÆrÆ!*[~Zsx6,|ðè<ØÆZW,Z]Æ

)11(,ÆŠB:“©3§öGGG

:àyÔ` áàìÔ`1Ôm311D411X)01(“©3§öGGG

:àyÔ`1Ôm381X1Ôm973D283B)(äZkƉÒ**]ÃZ+ÑwÆîg6,ÒyHìÔ‰�¢Zzw~Zq-(¸xòÅÕã"]Æ!*g}~ZkÆZq-*yÐZ+ÑwHìÔŠBm87BñÑ**¦Ñy

ŒV}.ZÆZNŠÆjZáÐâ−OÅgZñ7ÅìÔŠB 0+z~äÌZsxЬ²1VÆ)21(·£~i@Ûzt:§>Z°Îw°¦gZ]Zº"54è EGGEÔm041D241BZkÅ §]Z#Ô`4Ôm431D531X

&bZ−+Z.:ZÅ.h4lç GI¸yZÑÓyÔF,Z9+:êEXzâZIZ/°Z−gZ‚]Z²ÔÔo:ŠZgZ^ ÎZöÆaŠB

ZÄCåEh+ÔÛz]Ôay8791YÔ`1Ôm511D421X)31(“©3§öGGG

:àyÔ`1Ôm961X)41(zÛÍ@*gõZ−zÈîGZ²Ôð¼gZÑsxZà.!îGGZ−zÈîGZÑñ!îGGÔF,À†ZAŠ~Z1gh+>Ô%Z8œî E@ñ²o2:ZØCÙ{ÄB0î EEGZm;zZnÀzZÉ4lç EI8691YBZs&bZ−+Z.:ZÅ.h4lç GI¸yZÑÓyÔZ4YZÑzwÔo:Ûz]ÔŠZgZ2[ZÄCåEh+8791YÔm701X)51(zÛÍ@*gõZ−zÈîGZ²ÔÔm91X)61(jZ!‚.Ôm51D61X)71(jZ!‚.Ôm4D5BzAziyäF»V6,tÌZ ág{HìŒÛWy·Å"ìÔŠB‚.jZ!Ôm2X)81(Zk

The Lion, No.1 : ÆaŠB Â[6,ZàyÆZq-G+~¹-g-- áùƒZåÔ,)91(¦ÑyZßz~:Z°‚ÈîGZ

Å+A)å!îGGÔm XVol.4. London, Friday, July 3, 1829. P.425-430

Arberry A.J. 401B)(ä̧]Z#~ZkZ½k»jZ!Šc*ìÔŠB`1Ôm241X)02((1960) Oriental Eassays, London: George Allen & Unwin,Pp.87-88/Irwin,Robert

For more on )12( (1994). The Arabian Nights: A Companion. London: Allen Lane.

his life read Reginal Bosworth Smith: A Memoir by his daughter, Ellinor Flora

Mohammed and X)22( Bosworth Smith Gorgan, publ ished in 1909.

X)42(§]Z#Ô`1Ôm46X)52( Ibid. PP.91-92 X)32( Mohammedanism, P.95-96

See Hayavadana Rao: The Indian Biographical Z°‚ÈîGZÅ+A)åtÔm48D58X)62(

Wollaston, Arthur N: X)72( Dictionary (1915), (1915) P.Madras, India, P.467

Ibid, X)82( Half-Hours with Muhammad (London: W.H. Allen & Com., 1886) P.1.

See Major Arthur Glyn Leonard: Islam her Moral and Spiritual Value: A X)92( 32

XRational and Psychological Study (London, Luzac & Co 1909), Forward; P.1-9

For more details X)33( Ibid, P.142-143 X)23( Ibid, P.123 X)13( Ibid, P.152 )03(about him and his work see the story of the church mossionary society, Bde,

XLondon 1899 / the encyclopedia of missions, New York-London 1904, 376

Mohammedanism:Critically Considered, Rivingtons, London, England, )43(See Dr. J.A. Moehler: On the Relation of X)63( Ibid, P.471 X)53( 1889, P.86-87.

Islam to the Gospel: Translated by Rev J.P. Menge, Calcutta 1847, Preface

X)83(,ÆaŠB:†Z°Ý$+z~:ñηZÅ.h4lç

GI:Ôo3:ŠZgZäÉÐ)Õä&4èGGEÔ P.1-30-32-35

Ûz]Ô3991YÔm394D694X)93(úŠ£~i@Ûzt:§>Z°Îw°¦gZ]Zº"54è EGGEÔm241D441X

çgsm1102Y281

r °¢§;0îEGXGÅ Z ‡]~ œ] ç5

²úŠ¸Z°¢§;0î EGXG»*yÑ<Zsð»Zq-Z(Zë*yìTÆfg)Ñ<

Æç5]»ZŠgZu¹„W‚yƒY@*ìZzgPZÖpÆfg)ÂÐÂç5]~²tgm,~Å¢zg]7gSÉt¹¢™~WYD�Xœ‡]Æç5]~ZyZ°ÆZ:tZzgZyÐ0Zñg6,cÐI¢zg~ì�Z°¢§;0îEGXG»|xŒYñ@*�ZyÅr7‚ã™~WnX

‡°{Ŧ¸Z°ìZzg‡°{»½~p¼ŠfYäZ‚k ‡°{»½~|x:ÒyHìXOçZâxgZáZšãä̇°{ÃZÏp~1ìX)1(

:�ë ƒñ ™D y `ÆjZáÐZ°»|xÒ Y kZâxi z @*`Z² r#™

¸Z°Ð%ZŠqg]Åz{ãCŠ,�X6,z{‡ìƒCìX

æγ^Ù]Ö³ˆq³^t]ÖÏç]‚]‰^›nà

X)2( ]Öfß^ð]ÖjoiÃÛ‚å

ZâxÑsZ−+âz~äZkÆ|xÃÌZϧbÒyHìX)3(Z0àgZ�ÛjÆ;VÌZkÐ%ZŠZ‚kZzgãCŠìZzgZrVäiY`»

¸wÒy™äÆ�Ûâc*ì:ƒŠ`ƸZ°Ð%ZŠnÃ�9z{egÇc*V�X~ƒŠ`Å!*¹Çc*Vk„ƒC�X

æγç]³‚]Ö`ç�tVì f^l]…eÄ

ÚÃj†•èÊo]‰Ë×äi†ÒgÂn‚]á

X)4( ]Ö`ç�tÊn`^

¼ZgZsx]ÔÍg´)ZDw»ÒÔckgzeÔ(È^X

çgsm1102Y381

™r#IbZÅ.2.çEG̸Z°»pZ‚kÒy™Dƒñ˜�:¸Z°Ð%ZŠZkÅãCŠ,�X yÆ X)5( ]‚D]Öfnk]‰^‰ä EÎç

‡°{ÅZ˜k°pfYäZZÖp~ÒyÅ ‡°{»Z˜k|x:ìXZkjZáÐZâxYãÆZÖpt�:

‡°{Ð%ZŠZ(´çnìT»ZKÓxb×]6,Z:tƒ@*ƒX

Êã³oγ–nèÒ³×nèڳ߳_fÏèÂ×o

X)6( qÛnÄqˆñn^iã^

·Zdåâ~ZkÅ°p™Dƒñ˜�:fYÅZ˜b~‡°{»Z:tZÝÔ

Šsçã Z ‰á Ñ ÔXÔŸ‚Zzg y ‡â

6,ƒ@*ìZzgZkÅ°pZk§bÅì�

tZ(´çnì�ZLZ©â]ÅcÄ

ÆZ±gÐZKÓxb×]6,™ŠtW@*[ ìZzg�ZkÆZEÑ]ÆñZµÅ

~gLìZk6,tzZãƒ@*ì�‡°{Z(

´çnì�ZkÆfg)ZkÅb×]ÆZjZwÅTyW‚yƒYCìX

Ò³×oÚß_fÐÂ×oqÛnÄqˆñn^iä

³߳‚i³Ã³†Í]uÓ^Ú`^Úßäý

æ]Þ³³äm³¿`³³†Ö³Û³àijf³ÄÚç]…�

]Ÿ‰j³Ã³Û³^Ÿl]á]Ö³Ï^‚éao

]Ö³Ó×nè]ÖjomŠ`ØiÆÍ]uç]Ù

X)7( ]Örˆñn^lÚß`^

‡°{ÅÀòZ˜k°pƈ¢zg~ì��YÆ4,Šq-‡°{ÅZ˜k°pÅYñYèZk£á»ñçq}Æ0ìXOçfs~Z�YÆ;V‡°{ÅZ˜k°d]»Y,{1Y@*ì:

1DZâxZ0+B-êEEGÅÂ[LLZѳ{zZ=],óóÆ ágbZâxê~‡°{Å°p™D

ƒñ˜�:�YÆ4,Šq-‡°{»pè-VZzgZßCVÆpÆ',@ìÔOç�Y

]á]Ö³Ï^‚éaoÂß‚]ÖËÏ`^ðÆn†a^

³߂]Ößv^éæ]Ÿ‘çÖnnà]ƒaoÂß‚

çgsm1102Y481

ì Ò~ {Z(7ɬZ °‡ Šq- Æ4, ]ÖËÏ`^ðuÓÜ]Ò%†pŸÒ×omß_fÐ

�ZLZ©xÅTyÆaZKZÒb×]6,™ŠtW@*ìX

Â×o]Ò%†qˆñn^iäÖjÆÍ]uÓ^Úã^

X)8( Úßä

2DZâx@*`Z−+Zo‡°{Å°p-VÒy™D�:tz{´çnìT6,Z+¹Ï

b×]»Z®gƒXÆfg)ZyÆZ©xŒYÃX

â³o]ŸÚ³†]ֳӳ׳o]Ö„pmß_fÐ

³×n³³äq³³ˆñn³³^lÒ%n³†éiË`Ü

X)9( ]uÓ^Ú`^Úßã^

3DZâxigÉZ°¢§;0î EGXGÅ°p™Dƒñ˜�:¸Z°¢§;0î EGXGZy)bЄg]��pŠZ©x¢§;0î EGXGXÆfs~WD�X

æ]Ú³^γç]‚]ÖËÏäaoÂf^…éÂà

]Ö³ÛŠ³³^ñ³Ø]Öj³oi³ß‚…tivjã³^

X)01( ]uÓ^Ý]ÖËÏäÞËŠ`^

4DZâxH~ZÓˇ°{ÅZ˜k°pZyZÖp~Òy™D�:Zzg‡°{Ðøg~%ZŠCÙz{ì��Zßw

ZzgÓxÀò[çãÐ{mƒZzg.ŠZzgÓxºmçZ*ЬxƒX

ÞÃßoeÖÏ‚éÒØÒ×oaç]ì“ æ

Úà]Ÿ‘çÙæ‰^ñ†]ÖÛÃ^Þo]ÖÃÏ×nè

]ֳó^Úè(æ]ÂÜÚà]ÖÃÏç�æqÛ×è

X)11( ]Ö–ç]e¼]ÖËÏ`nè]Öí^‘è

5D‡ây].h+~‡°{ÅqgzfsZÖp~°pňì: ''A principle of law universally admitted as being a correct

statement of the law, or as agreeable to reason.''

LLZ(‡â㟂&ÎZÑZòîg6,Zq-Šg„‡âãÒytHŠHƒZzgz{Ð=Æ_.ƒóóXZk°pÅgzЇ°{z,ÂZq-õzg{c*¢[Ziì1ZkÅZÌÃZ¤/

Š¬YñÂtZq-å‡â㟂ÅZÌ»qïƒ@*ìZzgZkÃãCŠ¯™°ZpV~

çgsm1102Y581

ŸKYD�ÔTÐZkÅZÌzZãƒYCìXèÃg{!*Ñ°d]‡°}ŬxZ˜bÃzZã™C�ZzgtZ˜bÓxEx

~Yg~ƒCìXGCÙDÆPZ°�X‰è-V»¸w�ö%qÔBwµ[ZzgpsZDêzgƒ@*ìXZϧbZßÅ54èGGE»¸w�Z%z�[ÆaìZzgÔ

ÆaÎt‡°{eì軃ÔZßw}c*ËZzgD»ƒZL|xÆZ±gÐZ( ’*Z%ì�ZKb×]»Zk§bZq©™@*ì�Zy~ÐÃðÌb!*¹7gSX

¸Z°Æ|xÅzŸs#ƈœ‡]Ð0¸Z°Åißg]»fs~Y,{1Y@*ì:

œ‡]Ôœ‘ŦìZzgZk»ÈZvÅgZ{ : ¢§;0îEGXG°Z0 ‡]Ð œ

~¾!*Yz)W6,âwya™**ìXãCŠ~îg6,œ‡]ÅŠz9�ÔZq-œ‡]zZ‰ZzgŠzu~œ‡]**šXWg{,]~ŠzâVnÆœ‡]6,×WƒÏZzg

¸Z°»Zy~¾§bZ:tƒ@*ìZk6,gƒÇXœ‡]zZ‰Ð%ZŠz{œ‡]� : ¢§;0î

EGXG°Z0Ð Z‰ ]z ‡œÔ Zzw nŧsÐZIW,z]6,ÑixŒÛZgŠ~ˆìXZy~i2>Ô å XÅZŠZ5ZvZzgZkÆgÎw

‚Ô¡Z:Zzgâz){ áï�XZyœ‡]zZ‰Ð0¸Z°¢§;0î EGXGZzgZyÅ,qgzfsì:

ª‡°{:ÐNYA Z±gЊ Æ £œ ZL Zñg X)31( ]ŸÚ³ç…e³Û³Ï³³^‘‚a³^

œ‡]zZ‰ÅJqZzgZy6,ZzNZ[»Z®gœ‘ZŠZ™äzZáÅ+M6,«ìXZÏjZáÐZv¬\äZg áŠ�Ûâc*:

Zv¬\J-:Zy)ŒÛ!*EV(»Í“(

ìZzg:„Zy»pyÉZv¬\J-Üsvg~§sо~(ìX

æøŸø�ôÚø³«ñöãø^ Öø³àûm$³ßø³^Ùø]Ö×#äøÖövöçûÚöø^

X)41( æøÖFÓôàûm$ßø^Ööäö]Öj$ÏûçFpÚôßûÓöÜû

çgsm1102Y681

ZzgZâxgg~Ì|]Äñ0Z!z‡mÅgzZe$Ã-VÒy™D��gÎwZvåä�Ûâc*:

GÂZvÅgŸÆaZ#Ìya™}

Zk6,NZŠc*YñÇ‚�ç~Æì~�pgZueZáÇ)Zk6,ÌZAÇ(X

]ÞÔÖ³ài³ßËÐÞËÏèifjÇoe`^æqä

]Ö×ä]Ÿ]q†lÂ×n`^ujoÚ^irÃØ

X)51( ÊoÊo]Ú†]iÔ

Âœ‡]zZ‰ÅZŠZ5~ƒÐZëq�7Ãgpp»¬Zv¬\äŠc*z{tì�tÜsZv¬\ÅgŸLZYÅŠŒ~Æaìzg:T§bMÅIz]

¡$+{$ÅzzÐgŠ™Š~YC�XZϧbi2>Ô‚Zzg¡Z:z){ÅJqÌ+M~:gÅzzЇuƒYñÏX

œ‡]zíZ]»Ñ¤/ŠlŠzªZzg¢zg]qzVÅqY]»ZiZ!ì��Zy¢zg]qzVÆ;ðVJ-âwîÅßg]~„eìX¸zzì�i2>Ô‚Zzg¡Z:ÅZŠZ5:ÂZLik,ñªZ�ÛZŠÃÅY$ËìZzg:„ZyÐzßwÅY$Ëì@*�ŠzªxQ™y~„:gìÉÝÛJ-VYñZzgZk»Ñ7gZƒYñXZ¤/ËäâwZv¬\ÅgZ{~yaH1i2>Å+M:ÅÂi2>

ZŠZ:ƒÏX:{ ‡° Z Šzu

¢—ÐiZb7ƒ@*X )61( X ]Ön³ÏnàŸmˆæÙe^Ö Ô

Z¤/ËÃt—ƒYñ�Zkäi2>ZŠZ™Š~ìc*¡Z:z‚ZŠZ™Šc*ì¡—ÅzzСZ:Ôi2>Zzg‚ÅZŠZ5»�Û9»7ƒÇÉZkÅZŠZ5Z[ÌZk6,ÑixƒÏX)71(

Zϧbrgsi2>z‚»�ƒ**ÑiòZ%ìXzZ.�Z�ÛZŠZzgŒÛWyœÆÒy™Š{rgsÆ_.„i2>z‚ÅZŠZ5ЄZKyZy�ÛZøÐ%ŠzlƒÇX

çgsm1102Y781

‡°{: ZŠƒY@*ìX » @*,‹qÆ‚AƒäÆ‚B X)81( ]Öj³^eÄmŠÏ¼eŠÏç½]ÖÛjfçÅ

Z¦sÆ;VZkŸÆÆ_.á°Æf)£tZv‚AƒYNÐXZâx»‚ãÆ_.á°Æf)zZZ#ZÑŠZYi2>Ôœ£îG0¡Ô2+gÔñgZ]Zzge‚AƒYñÇX)91(„ŠZ]Æ!*g}~Zâx»‚ãÆZÖpt�:

zZg_6,á°Å§sÐZkÆF,�ÐeÑix7ƒ@*Yèt„Š]ìZzg„Š]

T6,ÑixƒZkÅñ]ЂAƒYCìpZ{„Š]$+ãƒc*âàX

Ÿm³×³ˆÝ]Ö³ç]…']Ö³vsÂß³äÚà

æ]Ö³Ãf^�]l i³†Òj³³äŸÞ³äÂf³^�é

iŠ³Ï³¼e³Û³çlÚ³àÂ×n³ä‰ç]ð

X)02( Ò^Þke‚Þnè]æÚ^Önè

âɽ0îGÆ;VÌá°ÆfóZÏ‚wÅi2>Zzgœ£îG0¡ZkÆZÝâwÐZŠZHYñÇZzgZkÐic*Š{Z¤/ZkÆfói2>z){zZZ#ZÑŠZƒÂz¤Å^~ÂZŠZ5ÅYñÏz¤/:ZŠZ5Ñix7ƒÏX)12(

ØZ«Ô¦ZzgªCÙtÐVÆ4,Šq-£tZvËWŠòÅzÃ]Æ!*)‚A7ƒDÉzZZ#ZÑŠZ„gT�X)22(

ñ�Š{%zzZ2aèic*Š{F,Z¦sÆÃtÆ_.�XZkaZy~ÌZ¦sŧbá°Ð£tZvÔZkÅñ]Æ‚B„‚AƒYD�®Zñ�Š{Z2~ZyÅZŠZ5ÆjZáÐ!*Ç!*]7ňX

a凰{:ZkÆK~  Z#Zq-—»ƒYñ

0*ðYäzZàf)ŠZgc*VÌ»ƒYC�X]ƒ]e_Ø]Öþ³ þ³òoeþ³_ØÚþ³^Êþ³o

X)32( •þ³Ûþ³ßþ³äZk‡°{ÐtzŸs#Qì�Ëd-ö

IJÆ{ØÐZkУtzzZ‚]Ì»ƒYD�ÔZkÅzŸs#qgzfsŸÆÐ̃CìX

Z#ZÝ‚AƒYñÂZkÅ�ÛqÌ‚A (24 X) Å ]ƒ]‰³Ï³¼]Ÿ‘؉ϼ]Öˆ

çgsm1102Y881

ƒYCìX

fsÅPVBZk‡°{ÃzZã™,Ï:1DZq-¿Æ0*k»[i2>Æ_.âwñ�Šå1jÑyjw)‚w

*gä(ЬâwŸùƒŠHc*ag~ƒŠHZzgâw»[ÅuÐÁƒŠHÂaè»[���Û†i2>ÆaZÝìz{!*¹7g;Ô®ZZkÆK0*c*YäzZÑ�Û†i2>zZѬ̂AƒYñÇX

2DZq-¿ÅÉðÆ!*ÇŒÛd$¶�Ë**2ãWÄÐz{n{ƒÂZkÅn„Æ‚B„Zk6,Ñix‚Ì‚AƒYñÇYèZݪ‡ì7g„®Z�Ûqª‚̇ì7gìÇX

3DZq-¿Æ0*k»[Æ',Z',c*ZkÐic*Š{âwìZzg‚wÌ*g[ìÔ1ZÚ„ZkÆf)ŒÛnÌìÂHZk6,i2>çsƒÏc*ZkÅZŠZ5Zk6,Ñix

âw ƒÏ?Z¤/‡°{ʬYñÂZk~ŠzÃc*]‚tWD�XZq-ÃtÂt�aèZkÆ0*kñ�ŠìTÅzzÐi2>Ñixì��Zv»hÌìZzg„Š]ÌìX®ZTÆ0*kâwƒÇeìz{Hznìc*7Zk6,i2>ÑixƒÏXZkjZáÐZ0g”zZãîg6,Òy™D��:

X»tñ�ì�t„Š]ìZy»Iì�

TÆ0*kÌâwƒÇZk6,i2>Ñixì

YèâwÅñ�ŠÏ�ƒäÅÑoìX

æÚ³àÎ^ÙaoÂf^�éÎ^ÙVirg

³׳oÚàen‚åÚ^ÙŸáƒÖÔaç

X)52( `†½]ÖjÓ×nÌ

1ZkÆ',@X»ñ�ì�i2>LZY»hìZy»Iì�Zk6,i2>ÂA$ÑixƒCZ#t™r#âwƒ@*1Z[aèt™r#âw„7ZzgZkÆ0*kñ�ŠâwZk»7ÉŠZí)ŒÛnpZ{(»ìX®ZZk6,i2>Ñix7ƒÏYèâwZkÆï~ƒDƒñÌaè�Û†i2>»ZÝ:L‚Aƒ[ì®ZZkÅ:ZâYª�Û†i2>»Zk¿ÆjZáЬ̂AƒYñÇX)62()Zs(

çgsm1102Y981

ZÏ!*]Çây].h+Ƈ°{~-VÒyHŠHì: ''A Personal right of action dies with the person.'' )72(

)Zq-WŠòÆ—£tZkÅzÃ]Æ‚B„»ƒYD�(XZk‡°}~Üs—£tÅ!*]ňìTÐ¥xƒ@*ì�Z,

£t��£tZmŠÆi%}~WD�z{!*Ñ·tZkÅñ]л7ƒD‰ŒÛnZzg—£t~ZyÆfózZZ#ZÑŠZY£tZv‰i2>z‚ÅZŠZ5ÔWŠòÅzÃ]Æ‚B„»ƒYD�Xt!*]Z¦sÆñ�Æ_.ìZ#�ŠvkA$}Zy£tÃzZZ#ZÑŠZY¤/ŠZ…�X

0*vZV‡°{:Z#çn߃YñÂZk~zÝaZƒYCìX

X)82( ]ƒ]•^Ñ]ŸÚ†]iŠÄ

ágq»Ñ�Ã1âÑ:tÐX**ìXZkaZ(¬��ZKyÅÎoÐ!*CÙƒz{Zk6,Ñix7ƒ@*É@*z‰Ü¤‰Üz{ZkÐIƒ@*ìXVwÆîg6,gpy»gzi{Yy1ú™Âhä»ñg{ÝxWiZŠ™**ìÔZ¤/ZkŤ‰Ü:ƒÂŠz¹ÆÎ@*ggzi}ZzgZ¤/ZkÅÌÈ:ƒÂ‚J»VÃ3**î**zZZ#ìZzgZ¤/ZkÅ̤‰Ü:ƒÂZ,¿ÆaÂ/zZlgƒÐ(,Zñg{ƒÇX®ÅgzZe$Æ_.Zq-ô!MVäYy1ú™gzi{ÂhZ1èÃ{!*ÑÐVñgZ]7gZ™äÅZ,®)7gnpÂW\åäZyÃLgzV»I™ZÁe$�ÛâDƒñ�Ûâc*�ZÐ)W~„™ŠzÂZrVä²nH�c*gÎwZvåæÜ~íÐ(,|™ZzgÃyìÂW\åä�Ûâc*�W\ZzgW\ÆyzZáZkÃ3ßÔZkÐvgZñg{ÌZŠZƒYñÇX

Zkug$ÐtU*"$ƒZ�Z#Ëçn~;ƒÂÑ<Zk~zÝaZ™ŠîìXZϧbZq-WŠò6,eÑixƒZXZkÆ0*kšMZv (Relaxation)

çgsm1102Y091

J-Yä»iZŠgZ{Zzg¡Ì¶ZzgÃðYäÅgZ{~g»zÌ:¶XZkäeÅZŠZ5~P‚w@*íÅZzgZkŠzgZyZkÅ¡yZ[ƒÂÑ<äZyqÑ]

Æóó ]ƒ]•³^Ñ]ŸÚ³†]iŠÄ ~e$+w»¬Šc*Ât¬œ‡]zZ‰~WñÇXÎt!*]LL�WñÇX

Z¤/Zq-çÑ{~¼ßvZ•ðW‚öÅi0+Ϭ™gìƒVZ#�¼Šzu}ßvZ•ðÙ4Åqª~ƒV�ZyÅãCŠ~¢zgc*]i0+ÏÌ7g~:ƒg„ƒVÂZyÅ¢zgc*]Æ7gZ™äÆaZC¢zg]ÐiZZ+âwya™**6,W‚öi0+Ϭ™äzZßV6,ÑixƒÇ6�ŒÛWyˆ~Zv¬\»�Ûâyì:

Hya™,X �� ÐÎZw™D \ z{W

�ÛâŠØ��¼¢zg]ÐiZZ+ƒXX ÎöØô]ÖûÃøËûçø

½½½½ æømøŠûòø×öçûÞøÔøÚø^ƒø]mößûËôÏöçûáø

)03(Z[Z+ßg]~Zy6,ya™**œ‘**š7Éœ‘zZ‰ƒYñÇ6

�ug$0*u~ì�Z#Zq-^˜Š~‰Z�ÛZŠÆ0*kZq-ÐiZZ+ÎZgc*V‰Zzg‰Æ0*kÃðÎZg~:¶ÂW\åä�Ûâc*:

TÆ0*kiZZ+ÎZg~ìZkÆa¢zg~ì�z{ZÐZk¿ÃßN*Š}TÆ0*kÎZg~7ìZzgTÆ0*kiZZ+‚iz‚âyìZkÆa¢zg~ì�z{

ZÐZk¿ÃßN*Š}TÆ0*k‚ây7ìXgZz~ë��W\åäZ

Z0s»f™�Ûâc*‚�ëŒ�ë~Ð

ËÃÌ¢zg]ÐiZZ+ZâYZL0*kgpp»Ãðh7X

Ú³àÒ³^áÚ³Ãäʖؾ`†Ê×nÂeä

³׳oÚ³àŸ¾`³†ÖäæÚàÒ^áÖä

ʳ–³Ø‡]�Ê×nÂeäÂ×oÚàŸ‡]�

ÖäÎ^ÙÊ„Ò†]‘ß^Í]ÖÛ^ÙÚ^ƒÒ†

uj³o…]m³ß^]ÞäŸuПu‚Úß^Êo

X)13( Ê–Ø

Zkug$Å@*GZkWe$ŒÛWãÐ̃Cì:

çgsm1102Y191

Zzgz{�XÆâßV~ÎZCVZzgøzxßÍV»¥xhìX

æø]Ö$³„ômû³àøÊô³³oû?]øÚû³çø]Öôô³Üûuø³Ð'Ú$Ãû×öçûݺ

X)23( Öôù׊$«ñôØôæø]ÖûÛøvû†öæûÝô

Ñ<ÆZyZ©â]Æ7Ã¥xƒZ�TçÑ}~4C„ZkuJ-ƒ�‰ßvf]Åi0+Ϭ™gìƒVZzg‰ßvãCŠ~¢zgc*]i0+ÏÆaF,kgìƒVz;VÑiòZÎtƦg6,¿™Dƒñ¢zg]ÐiZZ+ZâYZy¾!*Yz)WÊ´ƒVÏ��ZyÐøzx�@*�z{ÌZy¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™Æi0+{g{ÃXÙ‡°{:

T»¢8wZxìZk»ŠbÌwZxìX X)33( Ú^u†Ý]ì„åu†Ý]Â_^¨å

Ñ<Zsð~wZxfgZùЊzª»”wwZxìX®ZZ+qÝ™Š{ŠzªÐZvÅgZ{~yaÌŠg„7ƒÇXi2>Ô‚Ô¡Z:z){ÅZŠZ50*uâwЙ**¢zg~ì6�Zv¬\»�Ûâyì:

Z}ZZyzZß!ZK¾ðƒðŠzªZzg�ëä?Ãi}~aZzZgŠ~ìZk~

Ð0*À{q,ZvÅgZ{~ya™zZzgZy~Ð**0*uq,ya™ä»ZgZŠ{:™z�?pŠZyÃhezZá7107Ù™DƒñX

m5þ³øm%ø^]Ö$„ômûàø!Úøßöçûi]øÞûËôÏöçû]Úôàû›ønôùfFkôÚø³^ÒøŠøfûjö³ÜûæøÚô³Û$«]øìû†øqûßø^ÖøÓöÜûÚôùàø

]Ÿûø…ûšôæøŸøiønø³Û$³Ûö³ç]]Öû³íøfônû&øÚôßû³äö

iö³ßû³Ëô³Ïö³çûáøæøÖøŠûjö³Üûeô³³Fìô„ômû³äô]ôŸ$?]øáû

X)43( iöÇûÛô–öçû]Êônûäô

|]',ZY0¬i[ñÐgzZe$ì�tWe$ZyZ»gÆ!*g}~**iwƒð�!{LgzVÆõKt~åÆ2âVÆŠgxy\dŠï@*�LZYÔ'+Zy~Ð3BXZy~ÐZq-Z»g~ô!äZy!{LgzV~gŠ~LgzV»Zq-VZkZgZŠ}ÐgÄŠc*�Zy¹ÏLgzV~Z(™**Y,ìXZk6,tWe$**iwƒðZzgW\åä�Ûâc*:

gjŠ~Yñ�?Zk � Z¤/»Z+gŠ~q Ö³ç]a‚pÖÓÜÚ^Îf×jÛçå]ŸÂ×o

çgsm1102Y291

DƒñZzg× âÑs ʶzZáÐÜ ]‰jvn^ðÚà‘^ufäÆn¿^]ÞäeÃ&

3DƒñJw™z�Zkä»Z+q

Š~TÅ»q~#:¶Zzg?Yyß�ZvÃvg}œ‡]ÅÃð¢zg]7X

]Ön³Ó³ÜÚ^ÖÜiÓàÖÓÜÊnäu^qè

æ]³³×³Û³ç]]á]Ö³×#³³äƳ߳o³à

X)53( ‘‚Î^iÓÜ

ŒÛWy0*uÅZkWe$Æ_.ŠE~ç5]ÆZ±gÐZkVwÃZk§bŒYYì�ÃðWŠòËÆy¶yYñZzgŒv}VZI{:ÆjZᙊ}ÂGz{ZkÃ**IÌ™,ÐZzgZÐZKÂ,Ì−ÐXZ,„Zv¬\ÅfZ]��"ìZkÅ!*gÇ{~ya™Dƒñ}ic*Š{ZôoÅ¢zg]

ì�ëZKZ•ð0*À{¾ð~ÐZkÅgZ{~ya™,�wZxžð~ÐZvÅgZ{~ya™**Y,7ƒÇZzg:„Zv¬\ZkÃI�ÛâñÇX

T§b**Y,fgZùÐqÝ™Š{âwZvÅgZ{~ya™****Y,ìZϧbwZxZâYÃY,§jÐqÝ™ÆÌZv¬\ÅgZ{~ya™**wZxƒÇ‰%ŠZgÔÑZ[Ôòk,z){Ã!*‡°{'wfgZùÐyh+™ZvÅgZ{~LZYz)WÆac*úZxZÜkÆaz�™ŠbY,7ƒÇX‚ÂZV‡°{:

�ÛnÒÐ4ìX X)63( ]Öˆš]Ê–ØÚà]ÖßËØ

„ŠZ]ŧbZÎt°−Zv~̸Ÿ‚ì��ÛnÒÐ4ZzgZaìX‡°{¢§;0î EGXGÆjZáÐPZq-VBøDfs�:

1DZq-WŠòrœ‡]™}1i2>Ô‚ÔŒÛ!*ãÔ¡Z:Ô2+gÃZŠZ:™}ÂZk»t¿Šg„7�rœ‡]:™ä6,ZkŤ/ÄZzgwZ7¶X1œ‡]zZ‰ghä6,¤/ÄZzgwZìXOç|]Z0„kñÐ%z~ì�Ñ™*åÐF9<40î EXGE

ÅZq-úg]ä²nHc*gÎwZvå÷~âVä2+gâã¶�Z¤/÷Z#V»xƒYñÂ~e™zVÏZy»»xƒŠH1z{eZŠZ™äЬ„¯]ƒIÂH~ZyÅ

çgsm1102Y391

§sÐe™$˃V—gåä�Ûâc*:ÂZkŧsÐeZŠZ™ÔZ¤/¾~âVÆf)ŒÛnƒ@*ÂHÂZŠZ™C?ÎZv»hZŠZ™Zka�ZvZLhÅZŠZ5»ic*Š{hŠZgìX

u³r³o³ß`^œ…]mkÖçÒ^áÂ×o

]ÚÔ�m³àœÒßkÎ^•nè]Ζç]]Ö×#ä

X)73( Ê^Ö×#ä]uÐe^ÖçÊ^ð

Îya™ä»§i¸ì�¬œ‡]zZ‰ZŠZ™}ZzgZkÆœ‡]**š™}X

2DzZ−+ÔZzÑŠÔç~6,ya™**�6,ÑixìÍc*tyaœ‡]zZ‰~ÐìXZ¤/ÃðWŠòZy6,Âya:™}ZzgZyÅãCŠ~¢zgc*]7g~:™}Zzgrœ‡]Ð)Wz¾!*YÅñª™g;ƒÂZ(¿**gzZƒÇXZka�Zq-ô!|]†Zv0/z0¬mñ áŠ~ƈic*Š{F,z‰ÜâZ…ÅZŠZ5~Üs™DÔgÎwZväZyÅZâÐç5]ŪŠgc*Ä�ÛâðÂZrVäZ ágmçnzZãH�]ìZv»7g~7g~gZ]âZ…7,_gT�—gåäZyÚc*Zzg�Ûâc*:

Z(:™Égzi{ÌgÄZzgZ-g̙ԪxŸ»Ì46,hìÔ } Ì™ZzgÎÌÔ¾

¾~W\V»Ì46,hìZzg¾~ç~

»Ì46,hìX

æ]ʳ_†æÎÜæÞÜ Ê³¡i³ËÃØ‘Ü

ʳ³^áÖ³rŠ³‚ÕÂ×nÔuϳ^æ]á

Ö³Ãn³ßÔÂ×nÔuÏ^æ]áÖˆæqÔ

X)83( Â×nÔuÏ^

ÂZyZÖpÐW\åä£tizÛAÅZŠZ5»¬�ÛâDƒñZk|ÃzZã�Ûâc*��ÛZøÃâZ…6,F,ßqÝìÔ�ÛZøÅ°xZŠZ5Åßg]~âZ…Å

Ò]Ãðp7gBbZzgZ¤/�ÛZøÅZŠZ5ÆâZ…ÅÒ]ƒÂug$gÎwåÆ_.�Zv¬\�ÛâD�:

È{âZ…Æfg)÷ZŒÛ[qÝ™@*gLì ÖÃfþ³‚mþ³jþ³Ïþ³†h]Öþ³ùo ] ]Ù æŸmþ³þ³ˆ‚�~ZkЛ™ä4ƒVZzgZ# e³^Ößç]ÊØujo]ufþ³fþ³jþ³äÊÓþ³ßþ³k

çgsm1102Y491

~ZkЛ™@*ƒVÂZk»»y0Y@*ƒVXÐz{ù7ìZzgZk»;B0Y@*ƒVXÐz{ñ@*ìZzgZk»0*ƒV0Y@*ƒVXÐz{¸ìZzgZ¤/z{íÐÎZw

™}Â~ZТzg!*8zg«™ŠêƒVX

‰³Û³Ã³ä]Ö³„pmŠÛÄeäæe’†å

]Ö³„pmf³’†eäæm‚å]Öjomf_q

e`³^æ…q×ä]Ö„pmÛ oe`^æ]á

X)93( ‰ªÖßoŸÂ_nßä

1tªÈ}ÃZkz‰Üï$ËìZ#z{�ÛZøÃ9§b7gZ™@*ìX3DZϧbZq-¿ÃË»ŒÛnŠbìZzgz{ŒÛnpZ{M0[ìÂOñ

ZkÆ�z{ZkÃœ‘zíZ]Š}4ì�z{ZkÃZk»ŒÛnßN*Š}@*�z{ŠzuzVÆâw6,¦/gZz‡]™äÅOñZLâwÃ',zñ»gÑDƒñZL;ÅuiøÐÇgìXWZV‡°{:

gÁ»Z®g—6,7HYñc*g¢V

×ƂBÈ7HYñÇXX)04( ]ֆ쓟iß^½e^Ö Ô

Fç5]~—ÅzzÐç5]×Æ_.ðHY@*ì1¼ç5]~—»Ãð™ŠZg7ƒ@*}Zq-�g‡°{ì�:

¢—ÐiZb7ƒ@*X X)14( ]ÖnÏnàŸmˆæÙe^Ö Ô

Zϧbg¢V»çnì—ÅãCŠ6,gÁ»”wCÙ!*g7ƒ@*XVwÆîg6,Z¤/ËÃi2>ZŠZ™**ìZzgz{»[i2>~F,ŠŠ»Dgì�âw»[ÅuJ-àìc*7¡—ůY6,ZkÃZŠZ5i2>Ðg7AÏX;VZ¤/¢ƒ�Zk»âwi2>Æ»[ÅuJ-7àA$Zk6,i2>Ñix7ƒÏzg:ZŠZ5Ñix

 ƒÏXZϧbZ¤/ËáZ:c*‚ZŠZ™**ƒZzgZk׃�ZkätZŠZ™Šb�¡—ůY6,ZŠZ5»Z±g7HYñÇÉZkÅZŠZ5Zk6,ÑixƒÏX)24(

Ô922D822(¸çn2+g ]e³àÞ³rnÜ(]Öfv†]Ö†]ñÐ(Òj^h]ÖˆÒ^é(e^h`†æ½]�]ð]ÖˆÒçFé )

çgsm1102Y591

Æñg{ÅZŠZ5c*ŒÛ!*ã™äÆ!*g}~ì�ŒV—ÃÃðZÌqÝ7ƒÏÉZy£tÅZŠZ5Zk6,ÑixƒÏZzgZ¤/z{Z(7™@*ÂÃZvZk»ñZ~.{HYñÇXâZV‡°{:

ìX � ìz{ZÚic*Š{ RŒÛ �Aic*Š{ X)34( ]ŸÎ†hÊ^ŸÎ†h

t‡°{¢§;0îEGXGZk!*]ÅgZÉð™@*ì�œ‡]zíZ]ZzgZÎt°−Zv

~ic*Š{ÂzZLŒÛRgŠZgzVŧsŠ~YñYèZk§iÐgŠZg-VÆ 9Ÿ-A£ÒðEE

EV~aZƒäzZáZ%s»ƒVÐZzg›zñŠ]ÅcaZƒÏXZkjZáÐÑ™*å»�Ûâyì:

Z#Ãð›yZLZIzÈw6,NZ[Zzg

f)ŠZg~™™ya™@*ìÂZv¬\Æ;Vœ‘–Y@*ìX

]ƒ]]Þ³ËÐ]ÖÛŠ×ÜÞËÏèÂ×o]a×äæaç

X)44( mvjŠfã^Ò^ÞkÖä‘‚Îè

Zq-Zzgug$0*u~W\åäZg áŠ�Ûâc*:X)54( ]e‚œeÛàiÃçÙ

ŒÛWy™*żŠWc*]ŒÛRgŠZgzV6,yaÅS™C�XPZq-Wc*]qgzfs�:

Zzg)TäZvÅ›~ZC(âwŒÛRgŠZgzVÔBVÔ»VÔ)�ÛzVÔÎZCVZzgÝñVÊc*X

iøo]ÖûÛø^ÙøÂøþ³×Fþ³ouöþ³fôùþ³þ³äƒøæôp Fæø]

]Öûþ³Ïöþ³†ûeFþ³oæø]Öûþ³nøþ³jFþ³ÛFþ³oæø]ÖûÛøþ³ŠFÓôþ³nûþ³àøeûþ³àø]Öþ³Š$þ³fôþ³nûþ³Øôæø]ÖŠ$þ³«ñôþ³×ôþ³nûþ³àøæøÊôþ³o æø]

X)64( ]Öþ³†ôùÎøþ³^hôZzgŒÛRgŠZgzVÔ»VZzg)�ÛzVÃZy»hŠ}ŠzX

ƒø]]Öû³Ïö³†ûeFouøÏ$äüæø]ÖûÛôŠûÓônûàø lô Fæø]

X)74( æø]eûàø]ÖŠ$fônûØôtW\Ð7y��Hya™,ÔÂ�ÛâŠØ�?4âw~Ð�Ìya™zz{

møŠûòø×öçûÞøÔøÚø^ƒø]mößûËôÏöçûáøÎöØûÚø«]øÞûËøÏûjöÜû

Úôù³àûìønû³³†õÊø³×ô³×û³çø]Öô³‚ømûàôæø]ŸûøÎû³†øeônûàø

çgsm1102Y691

zZ−+ÔŒÛRgŠZgÔBVÔ»VZzg æø]Öûþ³³nøþ³³jFþ³ÛFþ³oæø]ÖûÛøþ³ŠFÓôþ³nûþ³àøæø]eûþ³àø)�ÛzV6,ya™zZzg?�Ì(»x™zÐÂZv¬\ZkÃY+zZÑìX

]Öþ³³Š$þ³³fôþ³³nûþ³³ØôæøÚø^iøËûÃø×öçû]Úôàûìønû†õX)84( Êøôá$]Ö×#äøeôäÂø×ônûܺ

:zgZV$Å„Æz‰ÜZ¤/ŒÛRgŠZgÔdZzgÌñ�ŠƒVÂZk~ÐZyÃÌŠ}ŠzZzgZyÃZh!*]¼X

æø]ôƒø]uø³–ø³†ø]Öû³ÏôŠû³Ûøèø]öæÖöç]]ÖûÏö†ûeFo

æø]ÖûnøjFÛFoæø]ÖûÛøŠFÓônûàöÊø^…û‡öÎöçûaöÜûÚôùßûäö

X)94( æøÎöçûÖöçû]ÖøöÜûÎøçûŸ÷Ú$Ãû†öæûÊ÷^

nt7ì�?ZLn}ætZzg

f[ŧs¢ßÉnZkÅì�

ZvÔWy]ÆŠyÔ�Û¤VÔW�ãÂ1VZzg1V6,ZZyáWc*ZzgTäZCâwZvÅ›~ŒÛRgŠZgzVÔBVÔ

»VÔ)�ÛzVÔÎZCVZzgÝñVÊ}Šc*X

Öønû³‹ø]Öûfô³†$]øáûiöçøÖ%çû]æöqöçûaøÓöÜûÎôføØø

æøÖFÓôà$]Öûfô†$Úøàû ]ÖûÛø û†ôÑôæø]ÖûÛøÇû†ôhôÚø³àøeô³^Ö×#äôæø]ÖûnøçûÝô]ŸûFìô†ôæø]ÖûÛø×5òôÓøèô F]

iø³o]ÖûÛø^ÙøÂø×Fo F] æø]ÖûÓôjFgôæø]Öß$fônùàøæø

uöfôùäƒøæôp]ÖûÏö†ûeFþ³oæø]ÖûnøjFÛFoæø]ÖûÛøŠFÓônûàøæøÊôþ³³³o æø]eû³àø]ÖŠ$fônû³Øôæø]ÖŠ$«ñô×ônûàø

X)05( ]Öþ³†ôùÎøþ³^hô:ZCâwŒÛRgŠZgÔZzg)�ÛÊ}ŠzÔ¸ZyßÍVÆa4ì�Zv

¬\ÅgŸeT�Zzg¸ßv»x[�X

Êø³Flôƒø]]Öû³Ïö†ûeFouøÏ$äüæø]ÖûÛôŠûÓônûàø

æø]eû³àø]ÖŠ$fônû³ØôƒFÖôÔøìønû³³†ºÖôù³×$„ômûàø

mö³†ômû³‚öæûáøæøqû³³äø]Ö×#³äôæø]öæûÖ?FòôÔøaöÜö

X)15( ]ÖûÛöËû×ôvöçûáø

ZzgŒÛRgŠZgÔZzg)�ÛÃZy»hŠ}ŠzZzg‰wyc:H™zX

æø!lôƒø]]Öû³Ïö³†ûeF³ouø³Ï$äüæø]ÖûÛôŠûÓônûàø

X)25( æø]eûàø]ÖŠ$fônûØôæøŸøiöfø„ôù…ûiøfû„ômû†÷]

èÃg{Wc*]~œuZ%tì�Zy~fz~ZÅ!)gŠZgzV(6,ya™äÐW¸iHŠHìXug$0*u~�gŠZgzV6,ya™ä6,ŠzCÙ}ZzNZ[»f™ìÔZq-hŒÛZ"$ÅZŠZ5ZzgŠzuZLZYz)WÅZæZŠ™Dƒñœ‘»ZìX)35(

çgsm1102Y791

»Ÿ‚zäHXZk ]ŸÎ†hÊ^ŸÎ†h ZyWc*]zZqŠg$Æ_.�YäÆ_.ic*Š{ŒÛZ"$ŠZg~ic*Š{ZŸt»:LìpZ{zgZV$»”wƒc*Üsâw»çnƒXZkÆ�œ‡]zZ‰Šïz‰ÜÌZkŸÆÃ7ÃgÑiòì�ŒÛZ"$ŠZgZkÆic*Š{��X

zZ−+ÔZzÑŠZzgxVç~W:~Zq-Šzu}Ãi2>z‚7Š}MhÔZyÅ!*bŒÛZ"$ŠZg~Zk§bÅì�Zy6,i2>z‚Æ´z{ya™**ÑixìXZkÆ´z{RÔYÕÔâñVÔãÔ{!Ô{ßz){Z¤/¾d$zÆi%}~WD�ÂZy6,i2>z‚~Ðg¶ya™**ic*Š{ZzNZ[»!*)ìX

‚—ZzgZt~f™ƒZ�œ‡] �6 °¢§;0îEGXG: Z¸0 **šÐ ‡] :œn~ Šzu

Šz§bÆ�ÔZq-zZ‰ZzgŠzu}**šXœ‡]zZ‰ÆjZáÐcƒ_ÔZ[Wg{,]~œ‡]**šÐ0¸Z°¢§;0î EGXG»E+™{HY@*ì:

ª‡°{:XÐNY Z±gЊA Æ ZñgZL£œ X)45( ]ŸÚç…eÛÏ^‘‚â^

œ‡]**š»ZëѾd$6,zg~ìX¸zzì�—gåä�Ûâc*:"—âw~i2>Æ´z{ÌhìX )55( X ]áʳo]ÖÛ^ÙuÏ^‰çp]ÖÒçFé

Zzgz{hGœ‡]**šÅßg]~ì�çÑ}ÆÓx¢zg]qZ�ÛZŠÅ¢zg'7g~ƒCg�X¸zzì�çÑ}ÆZÒZ�ÛZŠÅ¢zgc*]Z#7g~:ƒg„ƒVÂPZ�ÛZŠÃ+Bk545é

GGEG]~YäÅZYi]7ìZzgZÏ,Æ�

¦**/ñäZLŠzgÆqwÃ:—ky¯äÅÔ:!*gq-À}ÜÅZzg:„ZLyÆŠgzZi}6,Šg!*yèäÅZYi]Š~�Zk»ÑßÍVÅ¢zgc*]ÐÜsÙÆ+Bk545é

GGEG]~\ƒY**ìZzgZkZ%ÃZâxgg~òÅgzZe$Æ_.

|]/ñä$+F,+¿ŒÛZgŠc*X)65(‡ZYi] Å �ۊâzg]ÐiZZ+âwZL0*kgpp Ë V~ ®Z¢zg]ÆŠâ

çgsm1102Y891

7ìXŒÛWy0*uÅWe$:Zzgz{W\Ð7y��Hya™,Ô�ÛâŠØ�¼¢zg]Ðic*Š{ƒX

æømøþ³Šûþ³òøþ³×öþ³çûÞøþ³ÔøÚøþ³^ƒø]möþ³ßûþ³Ëôþ³Ïöþ³çûáøX)75( Îöþ³Øô]Öûþ³Ãøþ³Ëûþ³çø~ÌZÏ,ÃzZãHŠHì�Z#¢zg]ÐiZZ+âwƒÂÂÆŠzg

~Zkâzg]qzV6,ya™**ÑixìXÂZk‡°{Æ��!*]zZãÅYg„ìz{tìÔç5]~+MŠîz}Å:ƒÉZv¬\ÅgŸ�ðZzgZKãgŠ~ŃXZ¤/+MZkÆ',@ì‚gZHŠOZ',!*ŠƒYñÇÔÃZvZk»ÃðZ7ƒÇXZzgZ¤/+MgŠ~ZzgÂz‰Ü~ZL¸ðÅ抙äŃÂQZk»,tMì�Ñ™*åä�Ûâc*:

TäË›yÅq~#7g~ÅZv¬\ª#ÖzZáŠyZkÅq~#7g~™}ÇZzgTäË›yÅ1ÊzgHZv¬\ª#ÖzZáŠyZkÅ1Êzg�ÛâñÇX

ÚàÒ^áÊou^qè]ìnäÒ^á]Ö×#ä

ʳou³^qjäæÚàʆtÂàÚŠ×Ü

Ò³†eèʳ†t]Ö³×#³ä³ßäÒ†eèÚà

X)85( Ò†e^lmçÝ]ÖÏn^Úè

ÂZk‡°{Æ�œ‡]**š»ÑZv¬\ÅgŸ�ðZzgZKãgŠ~ƒ**ecÔZkÆ´z{ÃðÌÑZk¿Ã',!*Š™Š}ÇZzgOñNZ[ÆZt±Z[Zk¿»lgƒÇXŠzuZ‡°{:

¢8wZxìZk»ŠbÌwZxìX » Tq X)95( Ú^u†Ý]ì„åu†Ý]Â_^¨å

Zk‡°{Æ�tZßwzäHYg;ì�œ‡]**šzzZ‰~ÜsZzgÜs0*uZzg'wâwZv¬\ÅgZ{~yaHYñX**0*uZzgwZxâwÆyaÅZv¬\Æ;VÃðZÌ7ƒÏXOçZv¬\»�Ûây:

Úø³ßö³çûi]øÞû³Ëô³Ïö³çû]Úôàû›ønôùþ³fFkôÚø^ÒøŠøfûjöÜûæøÚôÛ$«]øìû†øqûßøÖøÓöÜûÚôùàø F] m5³øm%ø^]Ö$„ômûàø

X)06( ]Ÿûø…ûšôæøŸøiønøÛ$Ûöç]]Öûíøfônû&øÚôþ³ßûþ³äöiößûËôÏöçûáøæøÖøŠûjöÜûeôFìô„ômûþ³äô]ôŸ$?]øáûiöÇûÛô–öçû]Êôþ³nûþ³äô

çgsm1102Y991

Zk|ÃzZã™@*ì�¾ðz„Jwì�0*uƒZzgZk¾ð~ÐyaæøŸøiønø³Û$³Ûöç]]Öûíøfônû&øÚôßûäöiößûËôÏöçûáø ZvÅ!*gÇ{~JwìÉWe$ŒÛWãÆtZÖp�

)Zkâw~Ð**0*uÆya™ä»?ZgZŠ{Ì:™z(zZã™gì��ag~ÔeZ�ÔZzg„¤/~z){žð~ÐZÎt°−ZvJw7ìYèZ#Ãð¿pŠ �ÛZeZLaZ(I7™@*ÂZv¬\ÐZkÅJqŵYðÅY$ËìX

ÂT§bwZxZâY»°−Zvya™**œ‡]zZ‰~NqìXZϧbœ‡]**š~ÌNqzwZxìXÂtÎa�g¾ðwZxÅ„0Zkþ'V6,ZvÅgZ{~ya™Š,Ô…ìYètzZãîg6,ug$ì�:

?~ÐÃðÌZkz‰ÜJ-ñð7ƒYZ#J-�ZL)›y(¸ðÆaz„qI:™}�z{pŠZLaI™@*ìX

Ÿm³©Ú³à]u³‚Ò³Üuj³omvg

X)16( ŸìnäÚ^mvgÖßþ³ËŠä

®Z**0*uâwZ#z{pŠ„I7™@*ÂZzgzVÆaYVI™}ÇZzgZ¤/ZkÃZvÅgZ{~ya™ÌŠ}ÇÂZk»ÃðÃZ+{7ƒÇXT§bZ,âwÐi2>Ô¡Z:Zzg‚z){ZŠZ7HYYZk§bZkÐrœ‘zíZ]Ì7HYñÇZzgZ¤/ÃðZ(™@*ìÂz{ZvÅ!*gÇ{~=w7ƒÇX

ŠZ‡°{:T»x»™**wZxìZkÅpZé™**ÌwZxìX

X)26( Ú^u†ÝÊÃ×äu†Ý›×fä

Zk‡°{~t!*]ÒyÅYg„ì�T»xÆ™äc*TqÃZEw™äÐÑ<äIHìZkÅpZé™**ÌIìXÂwZxâw»ZEwZ¤/Ñ<äIHìÂZkwZxâwÅpZé™**ÌNqìYèT§bZkwZxÃqÝ™äzZÑÕgìXZϧbZkÅpZé™äzZÑÌÕgìXÂag~ÔeZ�Ô

çgsm1102Y002

i**Ô�Zc*�ÛZeÅg¶Ðœ‘zíZ]qÝ™Æ*gZz‡]™äÅpZé™**ÌÑ<~NqzwZxìXÉZ¤/ÃðËÐœ‘zíZ]ŵg‚rìÂZÐZk¿Æ0*kY**ecTžð'wŃYèwZx»ZEw„Š]ÆZW,ÃiZbZzgŠ¬ƒVÅJq~g»z^áCìZzgug$ÐÌzZãì�TÆù~wZxŠHZkÅe:ŠyÅ„Š]ŸùƒYCìXÑZ[ÆjZáÐÂzZã¬ñ�Šì�:

[8Zv¬\ZkÅe:Šy Z TäÑ

ÅúiJw7�Ûâ@*XÚ³à`†h]ÖíÛ†ÖÜmÏfØ]Ö×#äÖä

X)36( ‘×çé]…eÃnà‘f^u^

ZkÅzztƒ$Ëì�ZkpgZu»ZW,ZkÆpy~gLìZzgZ#J-ZkwZx»ZW,ZkÆŸ~ñ�ŠìA$J-ZkÅ„Š]Ãðp7gBbÉZkwZxÅr„ÐZv¬\ZkÐZk§b**gZnƒ@*ì�ZkÅ„Š]Æ!*z�ŠZkŧsÃgØ7�Ûâ@*XZkÅŠ?Zk�ÛâygÎwåÐQì�:

TäŠkŠgë»ÀZyh+ZZzgZk~Zq-ŠgëwZx»åÂZ#J-z{ÀZZkÆŸ6,gìÇÔZv¬\ZkÅúiJw7�ÛâñÇ

Ú³à]`j³†p$³çe³^eà †é�…]aÜ

æÊn³ä�…a³Üu†]ÝÖÜmÏfØ]Ö×#äÖä

X)46( ‘×çéÚ^�]ÝÂ×nä

Íc*�wZxÃZEw~ÌgZzg„Š]Ì™Dgx„Š]7ÉÑ<ÆZ©xÆ‚BîèZtìX®Zt‡°{zZã™g;ì�Tq»ZEw™**wZxìZkÅpZégÌwZxìXa凰{:

�ÛnÒÐZaìX X)56( ]Öˆš]Ê–ØÚà]Ößþ³ËØZk‡°{¢§;0î

EGXG~Ò6,�ÛnůEÃÒyHŠHìZzgZkgDyÅÔňì��ÛZø)i2>Ô‚ÔŒÛ!*ãÔ¡(ZŠZ:KYNZzg¬xœ‡]I™~~„KYgìƒVXZ,§i¿Ð˜Vgc*»g~ªCÙƒCìz�pZ÷]ÑÅcz~»ZÖg̃@*ìXZk!*]»æ¬z°Šì�z{Zv¬\»¬™™œ‡]Š¶~§i

çgsm1102Y102

¿ZC@*ÂGTqÃZv¬\ä�Ûnc*zZZ#ŒÛZgŠc*ìXZkë�Û›~ZŠZ™@*ZzgTÃÒŒÛZgŠc*ŠHZkÃ�ÛZøÅZŠZ5ƈZŠZ™@*1z{¿ZKpZ÷]ÑÅcz~™Dƒñt¿™g;ìX®ZÒÃ�Ûn6,EŠ¶Å!*]ZLÑÅpZéÃ7gZ™äÆaìXZk§i¿ÃÑuŒÛZgŠc*ŠHìXŒÛWyœ~ì:

HW\äZk¿Ã7Š¬Tä

pZ÷]ÃZCqŠ¯1XX)66( ømûkøÚøàô]i$íø„ø]ôÖFøäüaøçFåö ð ]ø…ø

Z,„¹Ðßve�ÛnƒäÆ!*z�Š/}ÅZŠZ5™DYD�ZzgeÃÎ@*gñy™DgT�XZCâw/}™ä6,ya™DgT�ZzgZq-z‰ÜZ(W@*ì�ZÚâw7ƒ@*�eZŠZ™Ãc*âàZ,®)ƒCì1¡ZYi]7Šî�e»�Û9ZxŠ}ÃXZ[�ÛnÅ°xZŠZ5Ð4å�ÒÃñy™ÆZ,®)Åßg]~ZŠZ5~�ÛnÃZzqŠ~YCXZka��ÛZøÃZzqŠb

¢zg~ì@*�Z©xÅF,KM6,¿ŠgWæ~ÂZiyzZŠZwaZƒnX0*vZV‡°{:

ŠZgìX h ìz{ZÚ„ic*Š{ R c*Š{ŒÛ iA� X)76( ]ŸÎ†hÊ^ŸÎ†h

Zk‡°{~zZãHYg;ì�rœ‡]~ŒÛZ"$ŠZg~ÃæÃg3YñZzg�Aic*Š{ŒÛRìZkÃZâic*Š{EŠ~YñÏXZk§b,g·ÌƒÏZzggŠZgzV~©]Ì¢oƒVÐXZq-â−ZggŠZgZ¤/ZL¾d$gŠZgÅâàçz-$™}ÇÂZk¾d$ÆŠw~Z¤/ZkÆ0Ãð—zg]ƒÏÂz{›~$+wYñÏXZkjZáмŠWc*]ŒÛW6ZzgZqŠg$tt~zZãHŠHìŒÛZ"$ŠZg~»hƒÐic*Š{ìÔOçtŒÛZ"$kãzg·ŠzâVZ±gÐìX¢zg]ÐiZZ+âwÂZKyÃya™**„ìXZ¤/ewÆgÇÇÂtZHizZòg~WñÇ��Ñ<~

X %VÆ{8»:L¶Ç Š Nqì1ŒÛZ"$ŠZgzV6,ya™**¹ÐZ%Ã]Zzgi2>Ôœ‘Ô¡Z:Zzg‚z){ÃZKyZLzZ−+ÔZzÑŠÔç~z){6,ya7

çgsm1102Y202

™Y1rZÎtÂZy6,ƒYìX¸zzì�—gåä�Ûâc*�:WŠò»ZLyzZßV6,)'wzwZxÆ(Zï[Æ‚Bya™**Ìœ‘ìX

Þ³Ëþ³³³Ïè]Ö†qØÂ×o]a×ämvjŠfã^X)86( ‘‚Îþ³èœ‡]zZ‰Æfs~X¼ŠWc*]ŒÛW6»f™ƒZZy~ZÒœ‡]**š

ìX ? 6,̊Ѫ™C���G¿Ù‡°{:

Ãðrq%ïÆå7ƒ@*X X)96( ŸmjÜ]Öjf†Å]Ÿe^ÖÏf˜

rqÐ%ZŠËÃ%çz£ÆZKq»â´¯ŠbìXZk‡°{~zZãHYg;ì�Ãð%çz£ÆËŠ~YäzZàq)œ‘ÔSz){(~çn¡i!*ã¯òÈŠ¶c*ÉŠ¶Ðå7ƒ@*ÉZk~ïÅ4ŠÏÌ¢zg~ìX4ŠÏÆ%rZÎt**åƒÇX}Z¤/Ãð¿ËŠzu}átÈŠêì�tq~»

S™@*ƒVc*?6,œ‘™@*ƒVÂÜsÈŠ¶Ðçnå7ƒÇZ#J-�z{ZkÃ: Zk¿ÆjZá7™@*XOç|]¢yñÔZ0/ñZzgZ0„kñÆ0gzZe$ì

šµz{ïÆ%œ‘Y,ŒÛZg7Šï¸X

]Þþ³þ³ÜÎþ³^Öþ³ç]œŸiþ³rþ³ç‡‘‚Îþ³èX)07( ujoiþ³Ïfþ³˜

Zϧb|]G0"ñ|]¢yñÆjZáÐÒy™D�:ZyÅgZñÆ_.ZzÑŠZ#gKƒÂzZ−ZyÆaïáÇX

p]á]Ö³ç]Ö³‚m³v³ç‡Ö³çÖ‚å]ƒ] F ʳ†]

X)17( Ò^Þç]‘Ç^…]

Â%jZÐÆËÌn»œ‘!*ë¦gHYñÇZk»ÃðZW,7ƒÇZzgZ¤/Zk§bÅ!*'ËMÃß™äžnЃVZzg+MZkd-öIJÅjZÐÅ:ƒÂtZ%ÔZkÆaZv¬\Ð**gZWZzgWy]ƱZ[»!*)¶ÇX‚ÂZV‡°{:

¬Š]ŸÅãCŠk$ìX X)27( ]ÖÃ^�éÚvÓÛè

çgsm1102Y302

Zk‡°{Æfg)Cc*Yg;ì�²szgzZ`Æ_.¬Îc*YñÇXGZ©xÑq~²szgzZ`ÃZÌqÝì1²szgzZ`z{xƒÇ�Ñ<Æ@*,

ìZ¤/ÜsÑ<Ãð»xgzZ`0*[ƒÂZk»ÃðZ±g7ƒÇXZk‡°{Ærœ‡]~gzZ`Zzg¬Š]Æxƒä»¬zZãHYg;

ìXVwÆîg6,Zq-´º~ÃðíZCZŠZg{‡ìZzgZk~´ºÆßÍVŽzF,šM»ÈznHŠHƒÂZk~¾!*YÆ‚B‚BZ%ZY̽qÝ™Mh�ÔZϧbË´º~Ë䜑**šÆfg)ZŠZg{)¬xßÍVÆZEwÅ((¯Šc*ÔßÍVÆa0*ãÅ7c»Èzn™Šc*c*hw¯Šc*ÂZyÓxZñgÐZk´ºÆgzZ`Æ_.³Z~.HYñÇXZ¤/tÓx»xúZxZÜkÆa�ÂsÃZ÷z¾d$ÔÆÓxZI´‘ZkÐZ.Š{™Mh�Z¤/tÓxÜs¾!*YÆa{mƒVÂZ%ZYZzg™r#wZ�ÛZŠ»ZyqzVÐZ.Š{™**ѬNqƒÇ

»Z±gÌ¢zg~ìÔ®Zz� ]ŸÚç…eÛÏ^‘‚â^ Æ‚B‚B ]ÖÃ^�éÚvÓÛè Yèc*œ‘»�ÑìZkÃÌ7Ãg¢zg~ìXWZV‡°{:

Ë!*ëZ%ÅZYi]ÔZYi]7ƒCX X)37( ]Öf^›ØŸmÏfØ]Ÿq^‡é

!*ëqc*!*ëçnÃËßg]**Ç7HYñÇXZk‡°{~Šz§bÅZ3Ó43ð XGGVÃ7Ãg¢zg~ìXZq-ÂÑd-ö

IJÅZqZzgŠzu~ZYi]Š¶zZáÅZqZ¤/tŠzâVZ3Ó454è XGGGñ�Š�ÂZkd-öIJ»ZEwZzg¥sY,ƒÇzg:NqƒÇXVwÆîg6,Zq-¿nxÆeƒÆŒÛd$Ц/gäzZá¿ÃHì�tnxZV™yáYƒÔeƒÂZÐpŠZEw™zeƒÂ�Ûz|#™Šz1Z(ìzZÑnxÆZkeƒ»â7ìÂZkÅZk!*]»ÃðZ±g7HYñY蜑**šZÏ»Jwƒ@*ì�ZK!~Ðœ‘™g;ìXZ[Z¤/ZkÅ!*]6,¿™Dƒñz{¿nxZV™yáY@*ìZzgZkÃZEw™©8ìÂZkÅŠzßg'ƒVÏZq-t�ZkÃØå

çgsm1102Y402

�ìzZÑZk»â7ìÔZ+ßg]~Zk»@*zZyZkyáYäzZá6,ÑixƒÇÔŠzu~ßg]t�ZkÃ7Øå�tnxËZzgÅ!~ìÉìzZáÅ!BƒñZkäZkÃZEw™1XZ[Z+ßg]~Zk»@*zZyœ‘™ä

zZá‰à6,ÑixƒÇZzgnxÃZEw™äzZÑZkÆ@*zZyÅf)ŠZg~Ð',~ƒÇXZϧbZ¤/Ãð¿ZLik,ïòk,ÔÑZ[c*ZzgÃðwZxd-öIJŧsZ ág{™Dƒñ˾d$¿ÃHì�tâw~»œ‘™@*ƒVÂZkœ‘ZzgZYi]»Ãð

Ú³^u³†Ý]ì„åu†Ý]Â_^¨å Z±g7ƒÇÔYèŒVÑd-öIJ„wZxì‚—‡°{Æ�Zkâw»œ‘™**ZzgZkÃJw™**ŠzâVZ%!*ë Ú³^u³†ÝÊÃ×äu†Ý›×fä Zzg

ƒVÐXZka�ËZ%!*ëÅZYi]ÔZYi]7ƒCÔwZxâwZ%!*ëìZzg)Å!~¥sÌZ%!*ëìÔ®ZŠzâV~ZYi]»ÃðZ±g7ƒÇZzg:„Zy6,ÃðZW,%A$HYñÇX

Zk*y~ŠzZñgÔœ‡]zZ‰Zzgœ‡]**šÆ!*g}~Z°¢§;0î EGXG6,cÅXZyZ°¢§;0î

EGXGÆK~œ‡]zZ‰ÅJq~ÑÅZÌÔZyÅZŠZ5Z�ÛZŠJ-g‚ð»DƒäÔá°Ðœ‡]zZ‰»doÔâwc*aZzZgÆMqÐ �Zzg

i2>z‚»doÔœ‡]zZ‰ÅZŠZ5~;ƒäÅßg]~œªÔgit'wÐœ‡]zZ‰™ä»¬Ôœ‡]zZ‰Ãœ‡]**š6,EÔœ‡]zZ‰ÅZŠZ5Æ

ƒZX ™f» "$ŠZgzV»ZŸt‰)b ZŒÛ »Ô:™**Ô{m Á !*[~—ůY6,gZk*yÆŠzu}{~¸Z°¢§;0î EGXGÃÒy™Dƒñœ‡]**šÆ

!*g}~‰Zë)b»f™ƒZ쉜‡]**šÅJqÆagŸñZÞÆÑÆ”wÅÑZ_Ô'wZzg0*À{¾ðÐœ‡]**šÅJqÔwZxfgZùÅg¶Ðœ‡]**šÅÔÅÆÔ�ÛnF,u™Dƒñrœ‡]™**¡pZ÷]ÑÅŠ»:Lƒ**Ôœ‡]**š~ŒÛZ"$ŠZg~ÃÌ7ÃgÔœ‘zSÅŠÆaﻢzg~ƒ**Ôœ‡]**šÆrgs~¬Š]z²sÅg¬e$ÔËÅ

çgsm1102Y502

!Ðœ‡]Š¶ÅƉZëï]ÅzŸs#Æ‚B‚BZk|»x@{HŠH�ZyZ°6,¿™Æ뜇]zZ‰z**šÆ!*g}~Ñ<ÆZ©xÅZnq™DƒñZyÆAnz',»]о§Z.Š{™Mh�X

rŠgz%ZU)1(gZáZšãÔZ1ZØÌÔ@0·)205|(ÔZ)ŠZ]°¾d$ZÅWyÔ-½Z]!Z

ÄCÍ-öE

zZzÑŠ{Ô1831|X1691Y:904X)2(Z²Ë~Ô·%Ô@*`Z²zkÔ!*[Z−ZwÔZØsÔïZè~ÔŠZgZËÔ4141|D4991YÔ5B102X)3(âz~Ô[Z−+m0Ñs)676|(Ô�d$ZÑ�YzZB]ÔŠZgZ^ZÅ›Ð.0îGÔÛz]ÔayÔ2B89X)4(Z0àg)15|(Ô—yZ²[ÔŠZgZ§YZnZ_Z²!ÔÛz]ÔayÔTZzàÔ8891YÔ1B932X)5(AòÔZ£0·0ZZÅ.«çG~)077|(Ô

ZÅ.{5éEbZÅ.2.çEGÔŠZgZËÔ2B015X)6(ÑpYãÔZ0·0¦Z²+Z1ZdZ;)618|(Ô

ZÅ3VçG

d]Ô„g×6ÔуgÔ37X)7(åâ~Ô·ZZ0ZÔ¤sZ˜q]ZuyÔâJ-ñuÔ

®Ô2681YÔ2B6711X)8(ê~ÔZ£0·Ô>ÛyZÅ3}é E],ÑbZѳ{zZ=],ÔZ:ZÑzwZÁw°ZÁZ°ÔŠZgZ^ZÅ›Ð.0îGÔÛz]ÔTZzàÔ5041|D5891YÔ1B15X)9(ZoÔ@*`Z−+†Zß;[0

†Zð)177|(ÔZѳ{zZ=],Ôï1¬ŠwZ£†Zß�Šz1Z·!šðnÔT1002YÔŠZgZ^ZÅ›Ð.0îGÔÛz]ÔayÔ1B11X)01(igÉ)497|(ÔZÅ)43ð

EIg°ZÁZ°ÔïZ−Æg&4n.ç GGGÃëZ£úŠÔTU*ãÔ5041|D5891YÔÑ�ŠZgZÈe$ÉÒ|Cé£îEGÔ1B33X)11(H~Ô·0·0Z£)857|(ZÁZ°Ôï

Black's Law Dictionary, Z£0†Z[0qÔ%œ/Z§YZnZ_ZÑsòÔl()Ô1B051X)21(X)31(±ïÔ°wZ−+† The Publishers Editorial Staff, Sixth Edition,1990, p:979

Z°ÝÔ)119|(ÔZѳ{zZ=],ÔÑ$»40î GEGz!‹3œî EG½Z]!ZÄCÍ-öEzZzÑŠ{'.¸ç EÔZÅ‹3œî EGZÑí>Ô

8731|D9091YÔ8XZ0+B-êEEGÔi+Z°$++0Z',Z$0

+B-êEEG)079|(ÔZѳ{zZ=],ÔZÝZ*G

vÔ™Zc:21X)41(ZÅWyZÆ*:ZÝ22:73X)51(gg~ÔZ1†Zv·0Z�³Ô)491|D652|(ÔZÎìZ

Å|B-÷GÔÂ[ZÑZyÔ!*[âYYZyZÑqw!*É40î EGGzZÄBk0îEG'ZÕÔŠaÃ{:™ZcÔ

ZÅ‹3œî EGZ{"0î EGGÔ1831BD1691YÔ1B31X)61(Z0+B-êEEGÔZѳ{zZ=],:7X)71(Z0

+B-êEEGÔZsZ°ZëÔÂ[

Z²»>Ô!*[ÑzoZŠZYZ²»>ÔŠZgZH£îEGÔÛz]ÔayÔZÅ‹3œî EGZ{"0î EGGÔ2B922D822X)81(±ïÔ

çgsm1102Y602

Zѳ{zZ=],:881ÔigÉÔZÅ)43ðEIg°ZÁZ°Ô1B29X)91(»‚ãÔ$+ZùZÅ{5éEùÔÂ[ZÝÔÒy¬

¯Z]ZÝùZ�>Ô„gætÔÃ@Ô2B861Ô964X)02(ZsÔ2B964X)12(\B3ðEyÔ†Z?x0Ôàq)042|(ÔZ=z!îEGZ«~ÔŠZgZËÔÛz]ayÔ9141BB8991YÔ1B723X)22(âz~Ô

Z1i™c*Ôm0Ñs0%~)136|D676|(Ôgzvî EGZ®(ÔŠZgZ^ZÅ›Ð.0îGGÔÛz]1241|D0002YÔ5B621;Z0ŠZ)Ô†Zv0Z£0·0ŠZ))026|(ÔZhÔŠZgZ^ZÅ›Ð.0îGGÔÛz]ÔayÔ4141|B4991YÔ3B95;Z0xxÔZ1·Z0Z£0G)654|(ÔZ

Å+CÐöÔŠZgZ§YZnZ_Z²!ÔÛz]ÔayÔ6B65X)32(Z0

+B-êEEGÔZѳ{zZ=],:16X)42(Z>ΔîGZÅ©§;0î EGXGÔ°pZÑÝÔ5B73;

ŠggZÄB¹éxÑb&CÏî EGZÑ©xÔâŠ{:05Ô`1X)52(Z0g”8©5å EGÔ·0Z£)595|(Ô$+Z!îGGZÅ+B-<å EGXÔ

XBroom, Legal maxims, p.606 Â[Z²»>ÔÃgZyZOòÔуgÔ1B322X)62(ZsX)72()82(igÉÔZÅ)43ð

EIg°ZÁZ°Ô1B021D121X)92(gg~ÔZÎìZÅ|B-

÷GÔÂ[ZÅ3©¨é EEG]Ô!*[$©ªî EEGGZÅ.šlçZ

Z3Ïî XÔ2B808;›ÔZ0s`£~)162|(ÔZÎìZÅ|B-

÷GÔÂ[ZÅ{5éGxÔ!*[$›Ò3ûGE

GE’*Zûq°.ggpyZ¬ì'ZÕÔŠaÃ{:™ZcÔTŠzxÔ5731|B6591YÔ1B453X)03(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔZÂ{2:912X)13(›ÔZ

Å|B-÷GÔÂ[ZÉÒ©aî GGÔ!*[Zd-B5éGE[Z>Z‚>$©{ð EEEwZÓwÔ2B18;Z1ŠZƒŠÔÑy

0Z^šï II)572|(ÔZ‹ÔÂ[Z²»>Ô!*[°£tZÓwÔ„g×6ÔуgÔ2B521X)23(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔZšg`07:52D42X)33(±ïÔZѳ{zZ=],:051X)43(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔZÂ{2:762X)53(Z0âzÔ·0m,h+)372|(ÔZ‹ÔZ1Z[Z²»>Ô!*[ZÊ-:ö

EXZy\`°Z»£îGGÑâ!Ô:131X)63(±ïÔZѳ{zZ=],:541X)73(gg~ÔZÎìZ

Å|B-÷GÔZ1Z[Z�>Ô „g×6Ôуg

!*[ZÝzZÅ5åEEgùZYÔ1B052X)83(ZsÔÂ[Z]dbÔ!*[²zcàh›Ô2B387;KðÔZ1†Z°ÝZ£0Z)303|(ÔZ‹ÔÂ[ZÅ{5éGxÔ!*[ßx-xzZ-g-xÔ„g×6ÔуgÔ1B523X)93(gg~ÔZÎìZ

Å|B-÷GÔÂ[Z°‡tÔ!*[ZpZäÔ2B369X)04(±ïÔZѳ{zZ=],:831X

)14(Z0+B-êEEGÔZѳ{zZ=],:7X)24(Z0

+B-êEEGÔZsZ°ZëÔÂ[Z²»>Ô!*[ÑzoZŠZYZ²»>Ô2B

922D822X)34(Z>ΔîGZÅ©§;0î EGXGGÔziZg>ZÑz‡szZÅh4ð IJyZÑs!0îGG!*Èe$ÔTU*6Ô7041|B7891YÔ3B06X)44(gg~ÔZÎìZ

Å|B-÷GÔÂ[ZÅ3©¨é EEG]Ô!*[aZÅ3©ªî EEGGZZÑIÔ2B508;›Ô

ZÎìZÅ|B-

÷GÔÂ[Z²»>Ô!*[aZÅ3©ªî EEGGzZ»£îGGZZÑŒÛÎzZ²z`zZÑzÑŠzZßZ−+zß»âZæWÔ1B423X)54(gg~ÔZÎìZ

Å|B-÷GÔÂ[ZÅ3©¨é EEG]Ô!*[z�[ZÅ3©ªî EEGGZZÑIzZowÔ2B608X

çgsm1102Y702

)64(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔZÂ>2:771X)74(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔµZuZL71:62X)84(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔZÂ>2:512X)94(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔZûY4:8X)05(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔZÂ>2:771X)15(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔZ°zx03:83X)25(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔµZuZL71:62X)35(gg~ÔZÎìZ

Å|B-÷GÔÂ[Z²»>Ô!*[

Z²»>ZZчg[Ô1B791;›ÔZÎìZÅ|B-

÷GÔÂ[Z²»>Ô!*[aZÅ3©ªî EEGGzZ»£îGGZZÑŒÛÎzZ²z`zZÑzÑŠzZßZ−+zß»âZæWÔ1B423;KðÔZ‹ÔÂ[Z²»>Ô!*[Z»£îGGZZчg[Ô1B163;Z0âzÔZ‹ÔÂ[Z²»>Ô!*[Z»£îGGZf~ŒÛZ!îEGÔ131;F,è~ÔZ1}·0})972|(ÔZÎìÔ

Â[Z²»>Ô!*[âYY°Z»£îGGZf~ŒÛZ!îEGÔ„g×6ÔуgÔ1B062X)45(±ïÔZѳ{zZ=],:8X)14(Z0

+B-êEEGÔZѳ{zZ=],:21X)55(F,è~ÔZÎìÔÂ[Z²»>Ô!*[âYYZy°ZÓw

›Î~Z²»>Ô1B062X)65(gg~ÔZÑŠ[Z)ŠÔŠZgZÉ4hé EI],ZÑsðÔÛz]ÔayÔ161X)75(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔZÂ>2:912X)85(gg~ÔZÎìZ

Å|B-÷GÔZ1ZÅ.Œé EÝzZÅ©}é GmÔ!*[Ñ$ŒÐê GEZ

Å.hÐêZÅ.hÐêzÑ

$hÐ*î GÔ1B033;›ÔZÎìZÅ|B-

÷GÔÂ[Z_zZÅ}ÏîGzZsŠZ[Ô!*[’*ZÅŒÐêE

Ô2B023X)95(±ïÔZѳ{zZ=],:051X)06(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔZÂ{2:762X)16(gg~ÔZÎìZ

Å|B-÷GÔÂ[ZÑZyÔ!*[ð

ZÑZyZy+Bï GEÑ80î EGâ+Bï GEÅ3©pî EEÔ1B6;›ÔZÎìZ

Å|B-÷GÔÂ[ZÑZyÔ!*[Z−?ZZyðáw

ZÑZyZy+Bï GEÑ80î EGâ+Bï GEÅ3©pî EEðZ<Ô1B05X)26(±ïÔZѳ{zZ=],:151;Z0

+B-êEEGÔZѳ{zZ=],

:97X)36(F,è~ÔZÎìÔZ1Z[ZÑÑ!îEGÔ!*[° ág[ZiÔ2B054X)46(Z£0Nm)461BD142|(µZÑâxZ£0NmÔµZÅ)¿.çI+ðZ7!îEGÔug$�:2375Ôï-ZÑg$ðE0zoÔñbpîG

Z°‚ÈîGÔÛz]ÔayÔZÅ‹3œî EGZÑz\Ô6141|B6991YÔ01B42X)56(±ïÔZѳ{zZ=],:541X)66(ZÁ‡yÔ52:34X)76(ZÅWyZÆ*ÔZ>ΔîGZÅ©§;0î EGXGGÔ3B06X)86(gg~ÔZÎìZ

Å|B-÷GÔÂ[ZÑZyÔ

!*[âYYZyZÑqw!*É40î EGGÔ1B31X)96(0+z~ÔZZ£Ô9+=ç EX>ZÁZ°ZÅ©§;0î EGXGG°Zš5]ZÓÅ0îGGÔÑZ°Z9Aö E

)07(�ÔZ1–Z£0@0Z ZÅ.¸ç¢0î EGGÉÕä]4-)éGIgÔgc*nÔZÅ‹3œî EGZÑz\Ô1241|B0002YÔ1B275X

)854|(ÔZ‹Z«~ÔÂ[ZÅ;5é XE]ÔÑoZÅ©3úGEE°ZÅ;0î XEGÔŠZgZËÔÛz]ÔayÔ2B182X)17(ZsÔ

Â[ZÉÒ©aî GGÔ!*[$©3ú GGEEÉÒ‹¨ÿE

Z1{Ô2B013X)27(Z©gÔÑb&CÏî EGZÑ©xZ³Å0îGGÔWgçÔ63ÔŠZgZ^ZÅ›Ð.0îGÔÛz]ÔayÔ04X)37(0+z~ÔZZ£ÔZÁZ°ZÅ©§;0î

EGXG:11X

çgsm1102Y802

¬gs q-ZX ÍCÙ«eZË«pgæ

eZˬgsâ á„Šzg].h+ÆÃgÏ>~Zq-x**xìXZ¤/t¹Yñ�',R~°Z߉ÜÃgÏï~Zy»Ãð�7ÔÂtI"Y:ƒÇXÃgÏáyÅïZzg"¤]Åz„‚i~~tZzq»Šgzgnp�XpVÂ1VÆ'

Zzgñ³�XZgŠzZzgÃgÏ~ôzV£Ñ]’k,™`��ozÛzyoÆÇgN]~ áùƒñ�X‚wgzZVª1102Y~291,]6,ŒZyÅ@*i{F,+

"ÍCÙ«ZXÅÔgZzwH~Ô0*ÎyÐ áùƒðìXZkÂ[Å"»:©tì�º[-Eg;ÔуgÆfíÒèZã~ËZ£c*g»Zq-ÃgÏŠ-ZyôpìXº[-Eg;Zzg@»ÒÔуgÆ£ÃgÏÆ&Z‚E+{eZË·Ð1ÔeZËÜZ°æZzgeZË·™',™xyäZÐZ£c*g{y«p á!)7411|(»ÃgÏŠ-ZyŒZzgZÐZi+^™Æ#0102Y~º[-Eg;уgÐ áù™Šc*X%�

aèeZˬgsâ á„ÆŠz2V~Ð�Ô®ZZyÆZk»xÅ5+k,Zð™Dƒñ¬gsâ á„äZk,·Š-ZyÃ!*CÙÆ”V~ÌZkÎaÆ‚B”gs™Zc*�!*CÙÆßvZk!*]ÐzZ�ƒV�LL0*Îy~Ì~iÃgÏïi0+{ìóóXˆ~

Z#Z7ZkŠ-ZyÆ/ø],_¬»ñµ5Â¥xƒZ�tZ£c*g{V«p á!»Š-Zy7ÉËñyiâ:ÆÃgÏ á²Z£c*gZzc)§]Šg0021|(»Š-Zyì&%�äZzwZ™»Š-Zy™™Zi+^HZzg‚gZizgï«p á!6,Üs™Šc*XZ#eZˬgsâ á„äZk»!*ÑK[_·HÂZ7%�Åßgz~»ZˆkƒZXZq-ñÑ**WiZŠÑ$k,~ÔZ¥/{›-Eg;ÔZ¥/{X

çgsm1102Y902

ƒZXZq-[ƒäÆ**DZrVäZC�ÛnŒ�dŠ*Æ‚tZkŠ-ZyÅZƪCÙÅYñ@*�Wg{>Zkæz:Š-ZyÅgzÝ~ßgZ{6,:7,,XZyÅZχ.ÞŠgﻳÍCÙ«ì�Zkz‰Ü÷}7ÃìX

7VBœu**xc*kÐè$3™ËZq-»Š-Zyc*"Šzu}Й[ƒYäc*™Š¶Å6,ZãgzZe$øg};VQìXOç[Ñg~»Š-Zy1[Z−+†ZØŠgŒãÆ**xÔ¥Z−+CÙz~»Š-ZypZz¥Z−+²Æ**xÔ1Z£làl»Š-Zy1Z£YxÆ**xÔMYZ−+ÆzÅ{Û!*g~»Z÷ÆzÆ**x™[ƒY**ÔLÑdÆ:LZzgL%‚i~Æ:L¬xÏ!*]g„ìXqÑè>äˆ~ZÝ á²Åï™ÆÃgÏZŠ[~K‰zZáZk%»6,Š{ÃlHìXZkz„~Z£c*gZzc»ÌŠ-Zyì�Z£c*g{V«p á!Æ**xÐß.Æ:L áùHŠHX"!!*ÑŠzZz+²WŠgZiJ-ß**ñVЙ[gìXôzV‚wˆ

>äZkß.ÅZ&bÅXp«p á!ÆŠ-ZyÆ‚B�ß.aZƒðc*ňz{ic*Š{ŠâVJ-:mZzgeZˬgsâ á„äLL%Š}Zi(',zVWh+z»g}ŒóóÆ]ZtZk%»6,Š{âga1102Y~ª6Šk¹ˆ„LLÍCÙ«óó áù™ÆÃl™Šc*ZzgÃgÏZŠ[~K‰zZàZq-ß.ÐWg{Æ>Ãôp™Šc*X

eZˬgsâ á„äZ#Zkñçq6,ZVc*Âìwtå�Zkd™KäÊzg™äÆaZq-£!„»°ƒÇXpz{£!îZªÆ:LÂ!ßg]Z(g™ŠHT»**x'äLLÍCÙ«óóg3XtÄZy'äŠgZÝ«Å áy~¾‰Ëë) á²ÆZq-LLÍCÙ«„Z£c*g{yóóÐZ~.HìX

ÍCÙ«~&£Ñ]�Xª£!LLZ£c*g{y«p á!:ZjZwzWU*góóÆÄZyÐìXŠzuZ£!LLZ£c*g«p á!Й[,·Š-ZyÅZÆóóÆÄZyÐ첊}£á~«p á!Ưx»ZN[ZyÅZq-å[N"LLÒóóÐ7HŠHìX

çgsm1102Y012

¬£á~«p á!ÆqÑ]i0+Ï,Б‰�XZyÆqÑ]X12Š*E+™zV~Šg�ÔZyŬ]2Zy~qgqÑ]»ÜWÌ7HŠHìXE+™zVÅ,ÆZyegÂZgõZŠ[»f™HŠHìX~«»f™ìXÓxE+™zVZzg@*g:VÅgzÝ~«Å@*gõzÃ])32B)Š~ZÑzw7411|(Ô£xzÃ])p á[Ôº[ÔZ%zZ!ŠZ“k5é EGãäxW!*ŠÌ–ìTÅF,Šh+Åì(Zzgæ®)p á[Ôº[(»çHŠHìX«Æ‚wzÑŠ])8801|(»çpŠ

'Â[ä«Ši«Å"LLÒóópŠ«ÆZq-ÒyÅgzÝ~HìXLL«ÆæZ±óóÆÄZyÐZyÆë)ÄZYÆ�}Zzgz{ZÃgŠg`K‰�X~«»f™ìXLLWU*góóÆfs~«ÅZq-4~"ÒZzg0*õàx£?»f™HŠHìX'Â[ÆD~Ò`ÆŠzN°�Xª7JßYZXk^Ô7|-Eg;ÔYxØgz~ñ�Šì&'ñßsäpŠŠ¬ìXŠzu}°ÅZ£2z~)z„œuÔ`41Ôm34Ô44(ÆjZáÐ÷iZ@@ÆfZCÃ{:Ô™ŠtW!*ŠÔIg°c*g{V~ñ�ŠÏÅZ:qŠ~ˆìX

ŠZ�gZ¶Z?zsÆD~ìÔZ¥/{›-Eg;ÅñÑ**WiZŠÑ$k,~)&+sÑy®Ó½jè

IE�5B5(~ñ�ŠìXtg‚!961ZzgZt6,ŒZq-Cw~ áïìÔT~ZÄZYÅç1]Ôg!*È]Ô?Y]ÔE+™Òï]ZÈZYr÷i÷ÔÒ

Z¶KYÔ2g‚!ò!*h+ïr·ZgfŠg ! rZ£c*g{V«ÔZq-!wZÑÌg‚!�XÒ)t541Z³X551[(Æußb6,÷°gzÙðÐLLÒð"

t6911|»Â"$ Z£c*g{y«kóó’k,ìXëZzgzZãÂ"$~11ZzgZt6,Œ”{ìÍc*«ÅzÃ]ÐÃð4k‚wˆX»A$»**x}Šg7ìXF,)Å„g]Zk§bìLLÔÓx”

!g+ö$mø EIIð"Z£c*g{y«k]Zvfâ/ÔgziE@D&4iï EGGzQàf~Z¶6911ó~1‰Ü3P¾c*ŠWzg~g¶%Š{”óóX

Šø7[àx£?Æfs~Š-Zy«)),·(Ô‹zgZe),·(

çgsm1102Y112

Œ),·(»,Ðf™ìXZ#�)Šø7[àx£?Æfs ! Zzg‡3~ZE+™zVÆjZáИyWØ[c*àWØ[Zzgš~Šv)!wZÑÌ(»f™HŠHìX

Š-Zy«»¬gs™ZDƒñeZËâ á„ZkÆ'×h+¯xÅŠgc*Ä»Zq-Zëâ~.ZNÒçVÃŒÛZgŠï�XZke~z{Zq-Òn&z:Ã{:0+z>Z!YÔ

~ÔŠzu~Òn&z:fíÒèZãÔº[-Eg;ÔуgZzgŠ~uZ`Z−++Zzg8-W!*Š~ÅÒn^¨40î EGEGZ)ŠZ]»f™™D�XñÑ**WiZŠÑ$k,~ÆfíÒÔm~Ì22ZzgZt6,ŒZq-NÒnñ�Šì)�255B05(T~«Å‚]çBZzgegGŠZ])À25ZÃg(Šg�)m01[@*11[(X)1(¯x«ÆjZáÐt.e$„ZëÒnìYèt:Üs«Å§]~„F,KMŠ~ˆìÔÉ%A$Òn¸„«ÐŒÛ"$Ìg‚rìÔTä¯xÐIÆåÔ)m01Z³(ëŠáy~¾‰6Zq-ÄÆaz�™Šc*ì:

Ziįxp÷ZÚiúZ„ WyZ£c*g{y�8[}.ZZ„¯xÆW¸i~ußb6,÷°gzÙðÐLLZÃgZ£c*g{y«�ZvóóŠg`

ìXZŒÔ6,Šzu~çwÆW¸i~LLz!�óó–ìÔ�Zk!*]» á@ì�tÒn«Å§]~èˆìX«Æic*Š{Ðic*Š{ZÃg©¬x6,WYNÔZkìwÃæÃgnpƒñ"!!*ÑÒnÐÓxZÃgZk£áÆWy~ÜKYgì�XeZˬgsâ á„äWiZŠìZòÅuzWiZŠZzgŠvE+™zV~Šg«Æ9ZÃgÌÜ

K�)m92Ô03Zzg17Ô27(XZy9ZÃg~6ZÃgÒn&z:Â[{:ñÑ**WiZŠ~ñ�Š�XpZy~¼Z5ð�ÛtZzgZ%s¬Ì�ZkaXZÃgÅZ á®)

2( )X� 'ñ�Šg P Wg{«Æ¯x6,»x™äzZßVÆ‚tŠzâVŒÛ �@*ªˆ ¢zg~«ÅZq-,·"š~‹zgZeì�7231|B9091Y~уgÐ áù

ƒð¶X%�ÃZk»ÃðNŠø7[:ƒeZ#�¬gsâ á„äZkÆ&N

çgsm1102Y212

¶VŶK0+„ÅìXŠz°DWg»ÇiWs0*ÎyÔZsxW!*ŠÆfí{?axQz~~ZzgZq-cxZ−+gZ”~ÆÂ[{ä~XZq-ñÑ**WiZŠÑ$k,~ÔZ¥/{Æfí{¡a¬Ý)�71B4(~ÌìX17ZzgZt6,ŒZk°~ÃðF,À7ìXzZãƒ�š~‹zgZe»èÃg{,·ÌñÑ**WiZŠÑ$k,~~ñ�ŠìX

уgÐ áù”{«Ð™[Š-ZyÆ‚B«Å582ZÃg6,ŒZq-ÃgÏš~‡3ŒÌìX¬gsâ á„ÆD~ZkÆŠz°�ÔZq-Â[{:BoÔéZy»¯TƬZzgWy~Ô»@Ì áïÂ[HŠHìZzgŠzuZÂ[{:YeZsðÔ5Š‹»XñÑ**WiZŠÑ$k,~ÆfíÒÔm~ñ�ŠP™{!*ÑNÒnÃgÏ)�255B05(~«ÅÃgÏçßVÆzgt21Z³6,š~‡3ŒÆ33ZÃgÌŠg`�Xt„ÉZÃg�YèÂ[~ áïZk,ZyÆŠz,]6,qgZÃg~Ð6&ZÃg„ZkÒnzZáZÃg~ áï�XVwÆaZkZN[ÐZ’ZÆZzgWyÆ&&ZÃgŒVÜKYD�:

mŒÑgd$ 34pî XEI á u**)/**x á@(ì× ! Šw�ŠÜ á„�/Œ!izZ×

Šw¤/Äzã ! œh ËZŠ.ViZÒ^Wy~&ZÃg:

Z',~Ô',¹Ô‹Ô·g~ plñÌz§†gziÇg~DÙZgŠ*V ! !*i'×) ð1ŠxzŠwŠgZyIV

œÍ:ìwî+ Šg*$o-.-öEIGE$mo-ê

EIG

Â[»ŠzuZ*yLLZ£c*g){y(«p á!Й[,·Š-ZyÅZÆóóÆÄZyÐìX*yŠgZÝZkÂ[ÍCÙ«»zz"ÌìXZk*y~'eZˬgsâ á„ä,·Š-ZyÆZ0+gzãØZ@Æfg=ZkŠ-ZyÃ&%�Z£c*g{y«p á!»Š-ZyÈgì�ÔZ£c*gZzc»Š-ZyU*"$HìXƒ

çgsm1102Y312

ЫZzg¢oŠ?t7Åì�7g}Š-Zy~}ÌLL«óókZEw7ƒZìÉkÅ(7gZ**xLLZ£c*góóZEwƒZìXŠzu~¢oŠ?tì�E+™{ógzVä«ÆE+™}Æfs~�%U¯xŠc*ìZk~ÐZq-ÄÌZk,·Š-Zy~ñ�Š7ì�Zk!*]ÃU*"$™@*ì�,·Š-ZyÔZ£c*g{y«p á!»

7ìXÂQÎZwtZÞì�tŠ-Zy¾»ì?ZkÎZw»Ì'ä�Z[Šc*ìZzg,·Š-ZyÆZ0+gzãØZ@ÅgzÝ~U*"$Hì:

1DtŠ-ZyLL«p á!óó»7ÉLLZ£c*góókgppzZáË á²»ìX2DtLLZ£c*góóZza»g�zZÑìÔp á[»7X3D0021|J- ᲪZ£c*gÆ!*§]ƒä»o]ZkÆZÃg~MìZ#�«p á!7411|~]ƒ[åX

ÓxØZ@ÅàäZzgtU*"$™heƈ�,·Š-ZyÔZ£c*g{y«p á!»7ÉËZ£c*gZzc»ìÔ'ä%�Ææz:Q»ÌY,{1ìZzgZ\kÆ‚Bt™6,6gƒñ�LLÃð™Z(7ì˜VZq-7ÔFF

™Vñ�Š:ƒVóó)m39(XZkÆÓx™VZzgZyÅZ&²Šg`Å�XWy~Zq-ß**)Ì áïHì�Šk,]6,ŒìX

Â[ÅZ á®)ƈ¬gsâ á„ÃZKïÅ@*G~¼ñZŠ·³m,Z°Ý³m,·zw7g~ÅZŠZg]~·zw7gÐ áùƒäzZáZq-ZgŠzâx)Z+m,Ðq݃ZXT~æk,ñßs»Zq-Ÿp}âZ!*y·zw7gÆfZCÃ{ä~ñ�ŠNâZŠg6,ŒLLâZŠgÃ{:ÎãóóÆÄZyÐ áùƒ@*åX†g~1491YÆÑg}~Š-ZyZ£c*gZzc»-¬gs™Zc*ŠHìZzgqÑ]ÆaZy„ÆZÃgÐZ+ÑwHŠHìXz{‚g}z„ZÃg��,·Š-Zy~ñ�Š�XaèZ+m,»jZ!ÍCÙ«ÅZ á®)ƈq݃ZÔZka'ä4,]6,´u{ÐLLZ+gZuóóÆÄZyÐZq-*yÉ™Â[Æ‚BÝ™Šc*ìX

ÍCÙ«»ŠZ£!LLZN[¯x«p á!óóÆÄZyÐìÔT~¬gs

çgsm1102Y412

â á„ä«Å4~"Ò~Zo]43ðEGVÐ áïZkÆZÃgôu{™ÆtZN[»gHì@*�LL',RÆZkZëÃgÏÍ á²Æic*Š{Ðic*Š{Šø7[ZÃgôpƒ™‡gMJ-VÃóóXZÏìwÃæÃgnpƒññÑ**WiZŠÑ$k,~ÔZ¥/{

~ñ�ŠÒnÃgÏ)�255B05(~®w«Æ¯xÃÌŒVÜHY@*ìXZÃgZ£c*g{y«�Zv

�/Šg¿ÃWzZg{zŠwu¤/ŠZV 74iï FGGZ,1Jy§bH,²wãCydlîV ! „îÃãœñz =¤/ŠZ!Z0+6zëWØ(

1(.8-\VH]V ˆŠg_+$›40î GEG=�Ûd$œ¤/{!›Òaî E0*Èg{zëzáV »~ÂzuŠgËzŠgë@Z„�’÷~z§{ãzÇ„{‡V êpŠg**ŠZã ! '!*i[Âa³Zy8W[z‘Ò§ö

Eu¤/ŠZV ZiZiw**xÂ',ßb+Xg¶

Z~ßñ`uZ[Z,!�lz?V �Z]i²!îÃ㊓°xZ„ò',ŠZi$©iï

EEGÎ~ZVg¤V Âiê/Ó á~˜Vâbz/�',0+l8¤/ŠyiŠyZiÃpŠzZV §!*iZgpplŠw+WVŠw”{gZ/†',Š�!*{uúh+7V ¤/Š!*Š~°�F,Z¨½gˆ#-+öEG:iŠzicÔ:Zy~i˜V zZ»z˜V=ª»òc*$+*¤/Šh+{·*!^ZKV Š³ZVz_È{z”tBŠw/YyWæzYß/z/jV '�py”®j,Zizä˜VZØg@*&½5å EE{U�zk,ZV /†yiŠŠwzizŠZ„�WÇØŠ$h½è EIE{Uu~˜CÙŠz˜V 3( )

[ #-)é EE] zg0+~ Á !h4øGI Š{z “i©ø

IGI òŠz˜y¬ÝŠwh/iî*V {pu�/CÙ@zn6,]»4ø

IEI ŠÂzp!¼A—{zjg*V !ŒÒ™öŠgÚØq**iluiŠ!Yã!Yã!Yã!YV Šz˜y/ÆZ~Š]Z~uzgzZV

çgsm1102Y512

z!�Hi8-agzò/ugzÏg6 @*8‹ø

EI§b˜$~z»ƒÏg6

Y~Z—Zi(×{{ФƒÏg6 ÓZig—gm1JyÎ|#/),x!@Z—”zŠg',**¸Ïg6 iZgx**¸k ! ',Šgï{Zi**!²tÑx)Zi÷ÃâÏg6 –M�ig—gc¨VHl�u—ÅZi(×{ZxîÏg6 u)Wߊó„�/c*ŠxWæ{u”¼zŠggZ{ŠDÏg6 /Zy~�ØŠ"{¤/WyuzgzZV',vz!*goíâ-Ïg6 Zi²Ã0*uÑ«gZ

œmÉ/'×Zg±zîÏg6 ¯Ò©hé EIyZ,çwZiyÎ~Zk,ZygÄ

œ®çvF,ògm,ŠZiZ_].Z "{/m,ZyyZò',Š{@*ƒÖiY_{Á',–g8-yÈŠ¦ @*L**ig3"{ØqXZx

g¢-êEG

ZipŠayF,8-h',ŠzlœZ 0$+™X¤¢-êGG

Šgë“bCÙq-W{ðŠ-ZUiî0* @*ìwi³

!h½54øI

GEI/Šwë{Z„P]Z~Z—%gzÔÈZ~W{g‚ âËÑy"Z„z‡œÌ !**)ÅŠ·gzë+Ó áÁ Òn¤/ŠyzWy»À!h»4è

IGEÓ áÁ

lZ¸yÉz6,zZUg3Ó áÁ Iy·gQ~§=ŠZgŠ&745å EEEiYZi�ÛÍ×Ó áÁ éZ@§+T»Iæ[iZ@aZIcÄZi0‡]ÎÓ áÁ («) Zip$h4è GIGE )?( iîZ,óg*y�ÛŠëaŠ“Ñ!ZiŠZr†yö; Z~i{wWlgÄgØ|#B;

Ws; ! â„y�CÙZiu* Øq![(×Çy²BïEGWgŠ',zyhZ0+ZiI;~$i¿iÜ; Œ™Ä'�0*»ó{ª]Z„aV»½W>iŠ{q-àlZ§ Zi'�uZ0*i§GŠZ§ª?Éò+i+Yx¼ŠZgz%m, Œ Å©ø

EI6,Z„Zi™s i! CÙZc*rI

çgsm1102Y612

zg:Z,W[zBŠg!Y}îgZ„ ÈZi§¹g/˜yŠh+ZgZ„¥x”�Šg©W',1Z„)˜Z( ðÑgZ�ZCÙÙkòŠZ$o-ê

EG)˜Z(

LZ,gZi!*¾»3gZ7æ{7æ{ x[W‚',WæZ—ð�æ{�æ{¤®)&™ŠxpyŠwâæ{âæ{ %Z0Ñ',»³ZßZy%Šx–

4( ) aªCÙ”ÑZi»3Zl7æ{7æ{ ·¤/ŠŠx[WyipŠ�æ{�æ{/{uZ0+ZiŠWy»3gZâæ{âæ{ CÙ3Ì!*”','×Z`WV8h4gö

EGÃ)Z(

�¤/ŠZßœsgZ»yŠgÃæ{Ãæ{ ðWVG[;jdEߊZr.ß™Š0+ 6( ) ëaZÛ)!@( Š0+™5( ) ŠZ’<é EX',®Zih)¶Kß(

'�ŠgŠ“†y',tÁß™Š0+ ZiÑZg$©gêEE

(iî¢Z|#Ó‚yW>ع�/Yß™Š0+ XŠw&À:ê

EYXgZ/u(×ÇyÎ|#aVk‡š‚Ñgjß™Š0+ Yï{/ ! !*gZ0+z{/ŠwÔ**!Z,ï~Z„�',¤/ŠyYß™Š0+ $hå EIZ%ziŠÝh/i¿ÔiZiw

ñÑ**WiZŠÑ$k,~~ñ�ŠZq-ŠvÒnÃgÏ)-Eg;®Ó½jèIE�)3(831Ô

zgt251[(~Ì«»¯xñ�ŠìXT~Zq-çw)'g6zZà(Zzg&�ÛŠc*]Šg`�XZq-Ä)'àlZ§("!!*ÑZN[~ áïìÔ†ŠzZŸ°ZÃgfs~Šg`KYD�X

q-_{uÉ&½5å EEW[dgZ Šg83ï EEEg9)4ø

GIpúh+kH{»

~gØh',s»gZyplZ„ g ~W gW ˆòŠZãyZ!*C/òpZgZyplZ„jZÙ

Catalogue of Manuscripts in the Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim )1(University, Aligarh: Habib Ganj Collection Vol.I, Pt.I (Poetry) pp.253-254.

-VÂZkÒn~Fq, áï�TÅ,z„ógäŠ~ìp»A$äuzgt6,ÜsŠz™xpgŠÏÆ qzV»„f™Hì:Zzw',;yZßZrZzgŠzx¯xZ£c*g{y«X)2(ÅŠZ#ÖZzgƒŠHìZzg„g]Ì :LÓxZzgZt6,!*gq-»½ðVHŠHìX%zgZc*xÆik,ZW,»½»g8-âb/igŠ

»ZŸ†ªÏìX)4(ZkÄÆW¸i~qí6,LL7y #-)é EE Š®àƒìX)3(ZÝ~™xpgŠ{Ô�¬áóó–ìXeì�tÄ7y**ò á²»ƒc* áh+«äˆ~ZÐi¯c*ƒ�¬iÐ4ìc*7yä«Åcz~~¹ƒc*«äpŠ7yÆâ~tçw½ƒXtƒZÈÑ]ƒMh

»ZŸ†ªÏìX !@ »ZŸ†ªÏìX)6(™xpgŠ{Ô ß¶K �X)5(™xpgŠ{Ô

çgsm1102Y712

® »Zq-ZKyŠz„ ].h+)6,zW·ZDw

*¸Šk',ÎV~!*ãYegŠÔœ†Z?)%jx(Æ!*g}~Šg†Vp}Zzg¼ŠÂÁ áùƒ_�Xœ™r#ÅfZCS:]}ZyÅ‚ŠÏÔ7ZÅ,çEZYÔz‰ÜÅ0*È~Ôœzgc*qÔplûZzg½zïЊp6,»°¼–ŠHìXZŠZg{‚i~Zzgò}.â]zZáU6,Ì{àgzÝeZàˆìZzg

¥-**ãÆ�ÛzrÆaZyÅ)¦ÚÃÌYÅw™uZ;ŠHìXtsì�IÅucgzðÆaœ™r#ÅÀ:—z»zlÆK~ëXZyÆHznZzgZˆyq�X¥-**ãZzgDz$›Ðê

GÃGœ™r#Ƭ\gÅwqÝ

¶ptÌ|ì�ZyÅ6,zZiÇ¡Zy„ŠzŠZ],zVJ-özŠ7g„XZyÆûzf»ÅzÚFŠvñç¬]Zzg)~»çV»Zq©™C‰X¼ºmòZzg¬@)b6,z{Zq-»ŠZzg¢ogZñgnpÔ1sÂÁpÎ!¹¸X

¿t�Zq-»x[ÉÔ�Y}.#ÖÇgZzgdpDZŠZgzVÆ!*ãƒäÆ‚B‚Bœ™r#%jxZq-x6,„®Zzgx'×Z`æ',Ì1ZyÅ!ò,»tUZyÆæZjVÅó{ÐÌ»°uJ-ZzÍg;ìX

@*gõ¥œ™r#»8[F,+ñçqåXŠfztÆaZrVäZXkWsØ~WszDZzgzpg^a)ZŠZgÒ@*gõ¥Zzg?ï(**òZŠZg{‡ì™ÆZkyZy~7ŠòÅX9891Y~YegŠÆz�Š~Wä6,Zke6g¹Ws!*TÔYegŠÔ5Š‹260011X

çgsm1102Y812

ZXk^Åqg]~‚bÅÚ‡ìƒT~Šv‚³p}Æ´z{Zq-%@*gõ¥z‚b»ÌåXZôm,~~ áùƒäzZÑóh+{LL9WsØ~Ws‚bZhzDóóÌZÏ»F,)yåÔZkÅZŠZg]Åf)ŠZg~¬Z¥/{

›-Eg;Æ%‚Û¾ÐÝ6,zWgŸYZvZ»g~äZzgˆ~YegŠÆ6,zWZ®sZ£ZpäSðX¼²Wˆ£@*gõ¥z‚bÃZq-%œ/Å^Š}™ZsîZSm,Zzg΂bÅÚ~v™Šc*ŠHXœZ®sZ£ZpÅ»zØVÐ',–',kt%œ/dwg;X4002Y~Zp™r#Ægð],ƒYä6,Zk@*g]%œ/Åew±9ZäÐZzg6002YÆYDYDtpŠÌ@*gõ»Zq-z0ŠHX

@*gõ¥Åi6’ZgäÅ{§œ™r#äZq-Zzgi',Š„dµ"»W¸iHåXZrVä11Z#Å�giâ:"LLZØây°ZËóó»x=ôz±ƂB²!ÐZôm,~~F,À™ZäÆZq-îsæC6,Z�6,™zhzVgzBya™eZÑXz»¯»FÝfYÅ}.â]qÝXÔF,3Å&¢,œ™r#Åi0+Ï~„ áùƒ‰XWy~¢6,ˆ~Ì»xƒ@*g;ZzgZkÅZ á®)~iZpZ»DgìXZ[gCgCZg!*[Z(gÅF,¶]Ì$+rYg„�X

g{ŠHÂtgŠDÃ&+cZzg ! ¾qwËÌ:LÐœ™r#»tpZ[Z¤/YegŠŠzâVÆf)ŠZgZyÆaez[%代xƒÇX

ZØâyÆZôm,~F,3ÅZYÃZq-(,~Õi»zŒÛZgŠïƒñœ™r#äZq-â~–å:

LLz{)Õi(tì�¥Š*c*¥²!Ã-g\ZzgZ%MÅgZ{Њz!*g{yz*y~5 áyÐÑc*YñXŒVÅ**!:f†

ÆaZkÐic*Š{»g¤/Ãð)Šzu~(D+Ûƒ7$ËÔ+gÅŒVA$7bƒðZ#1‚»F,ÀZôm,~~ áùƒZZzgZk6,ZkÃââ6,Z,5XZDwÅŒVZkz‰ÜJ-5+k,Zð7ƒðZ#J-�$¹Òjè

EEä

çgsm1102Y912

ZuZgpŠ~z){»F,À áù7™Šc*XÅgZ:ÃZCU*"$™äÆaŒVÃlZkz‰Üƒg„�Z#Z%MZzg-g\äZk)Æ»x(6,$¤&œ™Š~ìXZϧb=¢»ïì�‡ây»Zôm,~F,À¥Š*ÆZ§ñ].h+»!*)ƒÇXtøg~$+¬ì�Zôm,~

ܬÝBi!*y~‡ây»åF,ÀZÌJ- áù7ƒeìóóX¥-**ãÆ´z{œ™r#ÃÐic*Š{Šp_°]Zsò~¶Xz{

)›¸ÇVÃZsxÅE¦k,Š3äÆø¸X¬ÝZsx»Z_OgÔZÄZ**]Æ�!*bZ%Ã]Ô›6,‘ÑYÅßg]qwZzg›�`ÅŠv$zgc*Vœ™r#Æf‚~ÚCg�XZyÅZq-pZét̶�ÓxZsò´~%zz¬©Z2ZzgZyÆãCŠ~Š‚¾»Zq-åuz}Zzgczè‹tHYñXœ™r#ÅZZ6,eZˤCÙúŠ™r#äZk»x»W¸iÌH1Qœ™r#„:gìXŠgZÝœ™r#Æf‚~Zsx»Zq-zWF,Wù¦gñ�ŠåTÅzzÐZzgŠzu}!hÓÀöZ%Ã]Z7"ugnpZLZq-â^~ZrVäZK"ì»ZÖgŠg`fsZÖp~Hì:

LL–w´)ZDwTäZsò}ʼnh+ÅgZ�aZ™Š,z„Zsx»Ç늃ÇXW`ÀÌZ#�§b§bƇâã)bƒÜuZ0+ZiZzgªV~‚tWgì�Ôøg}�YÔz„6,ZãzVÃÄW−Ygì�Zzg6,ZäLLpßVóóÐ!*CÙå3»**x7feXe0+6,LLg^aóóÆeƒÑ−Ygì�X1Zâx™xyLLe0+gZ]óóÃÍZ„VÔ�ÛâDgT�XZ#ÖÅz{Z½În{ƒg„ìT6,gÎwZvåäŠxŠx6,izgŠc*ìXÏ7g~Š*~&&ŠyoðYg„

ìXÃðgzi{gÄg;ìÔÂÃðŠzPÃÅwg;ìXe0+gZ]Ãßv6,.yQgì��e0+ƒZc*7XW`À‚bÆiâ:~Z#�Š*ƒ

çgsm1102Y022

™Zq-à0ˆìÔe0+»XzZ.Xì„7')b»Zq©ÌZkiâ:~ áh+ZÌËä7HƒÇX)bq¢{ÅZq-z„‚tƒÂ¨gzcÅãCŠ‚tW$ËìZzgQiÅßg'Ì‚tW$Ë�XZq-it̃Yì��ÌZsò}ñ�Š{)b»i7™}XZkÃJw™1YñXeìZÏgZ{ÐZk‘Êzg™äÅgZ{ÌòWñÔTäZsxZzgZ#Ö»ùZ’Z„Йg3ìóóXZLf‚ÆZy{ÃV~g8-½äÆaœ™r#ä3691Y~

)^õÆŒÛd$F@Ã×Vgze6,Zq-™ZñÅqg]~LLZ&++ZXkWsZsîZSm,óóÅZ‚keZàÔ2791Y~tZXk^gŠôÔoW!*Š~vƒŠHX

œ™r#»ìwå�ZkZŠZg}~Z#”zæÐó»xÑzqƒÇÂZsòñç¬]6,à:Å>]Ã�ZÌqݶz{»ƒYñÏZzgZsx]6,gaÅ!*vezgZy;ðV~WYñÏX~zZ.ZЃ**ecXtZŠZg{Zsx]6,ïzû}»Z(%œ/¶Ç&ÎZÑZòÙ|#Zzgxe$q݃ÏXZy»Šúòå�ZkZŠZg}ÆŸ~©԰wZzg=zûÅgzbgcrƒÏX».ÞZŠc*yZzgZsò!šh4ï IGGÆyZy~úc*V»x™äzZßVÆaZkZŠZg}ÅY+$ÐGg{DÙZggz9»Zq-Z-ZgeÌg3ŠHå�CÙŠzu}‚wŠc*Y@*åX´z{Zi,Zq-

»W¸iHŠH�FÝz�ÛZiÐ*gäƈ ''Studies in Islam'' óh+}ZÌÌYg~ìXZkZŠZg}Åu',Z„»[¦Zz™sZ™r#Æz~WðXÆÇÅ6,zZiå—g„Ô0¦gÐz{ÌZŠZg}ÃZÏ—~6,ŠÙ¸�œ™r#Å

!ŠA÷öXpìà—c*V¹(,|Yä6,iF›ëóƒVÐ

Zz̓D‰XíYegŠÆz�Š~WäƈtZXki™Zq-e6g¹0ŠHXªz„zZ§gzúƒZ�LZ¥/{›-Eg;~ƒZåÔZXk^Å6,“{

çgsm1102Y122

qg]Z[ÚWsZsîZSm,Zh΂®Æ**xÐñÎxìTÅZq-2w6,£ExZsx]̇ììX

Z’ZðŠzg~ŒVÎZÑZòZe°k»»°W**Y**g;pgCgCc$+rˆX-Eg;ÆŸ�VÆ_.Zz™sZ™r#ÌZK—ìàZzgplpZ!ÃZL‚Ba2991Y~5i#ÖÐ]½5åEzlƒ‰X',–',k±9Zäƈ¾qwZ[Zkˆ~!*‡°{!XZ})W3,i(ZzgZ*XZ}ÅD+gö»W¸iƒŠHìX8XZÝXe~g^a»ÌZÈxìÔ½ãZϧb»6�ŠvçÜYç]~ìXz{¦g�Zkó%œ/ÐIZsðì@eä6,5wªŠ]ZzggÉðAÏZzg)bq¢{ÅûÆaZ#ŒVÐ5gzÝÅ™3Y›ÏÂÓx¬Ýég™,ÏÔZ[¡Zq-pZ[âè¥xƒ@*ìX

œ™r#£_°]ZsòÃYegŠ»ƒÐZëzâ…1ZkÅ»g¤/ŠÏÐâ-k¸XZyÅpZé¶�ZkPÃgxмZ,Zz!»xƒYN�IZsðÆ)DƒñèZi{Ê™ä~@zçzyFX}Z#Ö0Æ!hÓÀö‡]ÅØ@0ÆaæÜñZŠ»gHYñX›âVÆÛZzg”�ÛVÆâÎÃc*CZ%Ã]6,ïzÆfg=Z~xzƒÅc¯ðYñXyzƒVZzg›âVÆâάWg„¹Ï"ãCŠß�VÃ�ÎZz‡]Ð]z°Zz]6,ȃC�Ô»™äÆa±µ/È~Æ‚B»xÑzqHYñz){z){Ô*¸œ~ÆWy~Šì~Z#6,zWgæZÅ‹«ç EE™r#äYegŠÅ!*vezgeàÂZkK~{àÉŠ3ðŠ~ÔZrVäZ¥/{ÆŠzÑëZ‚E+{Zzg}.ZjZzg@Ñ$k,~`Æ‚.eZ],I»[¬$+gŸËZgÅ}.â]qÝXÔgæ™r#Zzg¬$+™r#Ђœ™r#ùic*Š{Âu]‰ÔZke~œ™r#�ÛâD�:

LL¼%ÖV6,»xƒ„gì�Ô‰„y»%³Ô›âV

çgsm1102Y222

Å(ßg]qwZzgzZªW!*Š~»XÔZgŠzÅ’»XÔ¸ZOòÃdw¯ä»XÔtZzgZy‰»xZ¶KYZvË:˧bŠz&‚w~7g}ƒ„YNÐXZÏÆ‚Beì�›âVÆZLZôm,~Z¶gÆZÅZ’ZðawÌÖYñXpT%µäW`À="u™g3ìz{g^aZzg(uz}Æz{6,z85»4ø EGH��gŠ-Eg;ÅZsîZzg΂bÚÐ0�ÔZy~Šz&ÂZ,�XÆZW,Z]Zzg…V»Z0+Zi{ áh+~ÌÁ„™g;ƒVÔqÑèt6,z85»4ø EGH÷}ZL„�X

z{Zô[XÐ~Zy6,z85»4ø EGH6,»x™ÆŠJ-àŠ¶ÅZyÎñ´ƒVZzgXÃ~äZLZOŠ~ág3ìÔz{øg}zZõe·)Zkz‰ÜÆ1ZÎeÔ6,zWgæZÅ‹«ç EE(™r#ZzgeZˬ$+gŸËZg)}.ZjÑ$k,~Ô`ÆZkz‰ÜÆeZ],I(�XeZËËZg™r#ÐÂ~äZq-!*gZyÅYñªx6,{àÁ™!*'

XZzgZy6,zV~�ZW,Z]ÃÌzZã™äÅÃÒÅÔpZkÃÒ»i³Z[J-‚t7Wc*X'z°}„z°}ƒDgìXqw~~äZyÃ�â–ìz{÷~LL"ìóóÅì1r¦k,ìXZkÆeZËËZg™r#ZLZq-»xÆaZ#Š‹WñÂZyÐ

¼!*'̃NXZkâ~~äF�Šw?m,,Ì7XZzg~äÂŒVJ-ÉŠc*�z{°ZÒwŠzâ{Æa÷}‚BµYN@*�~Zy6,zVÅZ’ZðaBÂèŠzVÔpz{ZÚÌ7™nX»lZyÆŠwZzgŠâr~t!*]Ë:˧bZF,Yñ�Z[J-ZrVäZKi0+Ï~�»xK�Ôz{7Ã6,zV6,»xZzgZyÅŠÆ‚tâ0+ƒ™g{YNÐX'Z[g;øg}zZõe·™r#»

çgsm1102Y322

XÔZyÐ~Zy6,zVÆ!*g}~LL!*'™@*g;ƒVÔpz{ÌZyÆaZ[J-ZLW\Ã;7™nXZk6,z�

Æfg=øg}zZõe·™r#eg0*õ‚wÆZ0+gZ0+g¹VйVVYNÐXZk»Z0+Zi{z{÷~§b™BÔÂ¥x7HHŒÛ!**V™äÆa»gƒYNX~ÜsLLpZ[óó„7Š8ÉCÙpZ[ÿ~áWäÅ&¢AÌ}.Zä=Š}g¿ìX~eLƒV�øg}gæZÅ‹«ç EE™r#yz*y½Å-Eg-VZzg½ÇƒVÆZ,7g0YNÔTÅnz{'pŠ„ƒVÔ›âVÅŠz6,Zã-EgbV',~§bG,\g„�Ô»lgŠô~›-Eg;ÆzZûy66,6ÎN�ëÃZK-Eg;ÆagæZÅ‹«ç EE„ecÔz{Zzg~ZyzZûyÐ’k,~ç@}™gìƒVZzgÑZ_ëZgìƒVÔZzgQgæZÅ‹«ç EEZ¥/{Y™z{»g**)ZxŠ,Ô�u¦Zzg›âVÅ"ugzjVÅú»!*)ƒZzgZx»gu¦ÆgæZÅ‹«ç EE„»zn7,JYñXZkƈ}.Z™}Zy„Æfg=YeZsðÅÏÌ0*gÑ'÷~\g~zZ−{™/‚„Ð÷~LL7**:óó!*ÂVÅzzÐ=LLXóó9‰Xz{LLXCóóí~Z[Ì!*¹ìpLL(,J9óóÅzzÐfgZ–g}Å¢zg]7,äÐìXZ¤/gæZÅ‹«ç EE™r#ZzgeZËËZg™r#X~tLLXCóóðhZ¹ñ�ŠìÔíÃZL‚BáBc*~ZyÆ‚BµYƒVÂëÐV&eg‚w„~z{»x™BÐÔ�LLXóó„™Mh�!ZkÆ´z{÷~úÆŠyÌÂZ[uW„g{‰�óóX

œ™r#Æ0*k¼ŠyòÌWñpgæZÅ‹«ç EE™r#ÆŠy¹„uWU*"$ƒñÔŠzgÒ:Š~²[ÆŠzgZyâÞ4991Y~z{Ze7-Zq-»g

çgsm1102Y422

qŠP~YVeƒ‰Zzgœ™r#Æ�l†V6,Íc*Qzk7,ˆÔZŠCÙËZg™r#äÌæ]æh+J-iËZg~»Ãðo]:Šc*Ô6991Y~ÃÛÅA~I^YäÆ!*)œ™r#Å¡zÂZ**ðä/‚µŠHZzg8991Y~gL¸ð)œ·G™r#(Å™Zc~ÞŠ]ÆÂœ™r#ÅÈÌ�Z[Š}ˆXœ™r#äZKi0+Ï~¹¼™Š3c*1FpZ[$k0î GIE0Ìg{‰Xœ™r#ÆZÙwÆŠHg{',kZ[¬$+gŸËZg™r#QËZgƒñ�Zzg6,ZãÃ@*„»ñg{ZŠZ™Dƒñœ™r#%jxÅfZ]¤/ZòÔ}.â]zpZ÷]ZzgZÆszZ@ZsÃZY¤/™äÆa(,~H„Ðzs¿�X4ì�§]q6,½7ggzÝeZ%zZÑÃðR á‚g¢„©¬x6,WäzZÑìX

Zsx]Æ´z{�Šv)bœ™r#Æf‚6,ÎZggT¸Zy~„yZzgw~zÃtÆZk**]ÔÎèZ<ØZzgÎ)´Z%Ã]Æ{8ÅD+ZÛÔZgŠzZzgy~»!*bgZzgÂZŠxzZ·Zuz){uz„�XYe^gŠÆz�Š~WäÆœ™r#ÃZ0+Zi{ƒZ�-Eg;ÆZL}.z{wÔZKF,¶]ZzgZL‡°}‡âyƒD�Ô®Zµ1VÅŠ~Ÿ�VÅ»ggzZ×V@*í»:L0$Ë�Ôtßg]qwZyÆ'×Z`Ð_“7gBb¶ÔZrVäz‰ÜŸùK%�ŠÑ]6,g™**Ñzq™Šc*X-Eg;zZáµ"äÂíÐYegŠÅZ(g™à¶ÔZ[ZyÅÂzLLgŠWg»ÇiZzgg^açóó6,%Ãiƒ@*�`(F,¶]ZzgpZ÷]ÅŠZkPÃgxÐÅYñXW;Ã;yzú»¿ÑzqƒŠHXZq-6Îg`ƃqƒä»ZOgƒäÎXZ,Îg`»TÅ¡j™3i1VqwIÃ)bq¢{Æ]I\Z0+ƒzV~*zW¹ZzgZ~xzƒÅgZ�ŠîÃXi0+ÏÆWy~Zc*x~œ™r#Æ"uZÜZg6,eZËzV伊k,ÆaZ7ZKö~Zõ7wÐ!*CÙÑäZzgYe^gŠÅZqgÂVÆ‚tÐ*Zgä»ÈznHX@ðŠïÐ=ñƒñ

çgsm1102Y522

ZLpZ{îyDz®»tZy»Wy~Šzg{åXpZ1VÆàÅŠHqgZ]Ãdwqª~ŠN™ZyÆn}6,8+MZzg�Ûs#ÆWU*gÃWñX^gWg»Çiqg]ÅyZyŠâVŠÆŒÛd$¶ÔZkÆ‚tÐ*g}Âg1»Z ág{HX1%Åf

7¶ÔZŠ|?W\VмŠk,Zkpzg]qg]ÊÙgì‰f‚~ZkŦk,Z@*ggìƒVÔQW@È™BZzgZk§btZߊZܽd$Z!xÃâÔZkŠyƈQAW�yÊ9‚:ƒZXœ™r#A™nZkÐt¸Ô�g{ŠHZkÅf)ŠZg~gNñ»g6,gh‰X

Wg»Çiqg]ÅyåƒðÂd»xÑzq™äŵ/È~ƒäÐXZk%œ/Åf)ŠZg~̦Zz™sZ™r#ÃÎ{ˆXŠk',k*g‰�Ôµ/È~Yg~ìX¢{ñç¬]6,ïz’k,»¿“ÑzqƒÇt(Å!*]ìZzg(»DÜsZvÃ@*ìXZ\k�Z[Zz™sZ™r#Å¡ÌŠN¸wZzgZôo»»Ÿ™äÐìX¤/Šl?z.gäZ[Z7ÌZk£x6,Ñ9ZHì˜VСtg}ŠbYMh�Zzgû}KYMh�XZ\k�ëZyÅ&6Vн7gZ.Š{7™0*ñXt|ì�LLÃi}~«góózZÑõzg{Zz™sZ™r#6,7g~§b™ŠtW@*ìÔ¿ÐñzZÑt¿šµyZyD»izgìXZsx]Zzg�Ø]6,%zV7É áh+DÙZgzV£Ñ]zû7zQZz™s¸ðÆËsf‚~ôpìXi!*yzÒy6,ÌZvä(,~Šg]«ÅìÔZgŠzƒc*Zôm,~ÔZÖpÅZŠZ5~Z+4,Z•z®ÄÍc*Ãð**iuZ0+ZxŠz²{ƒáƒáCØV6,^g„ƒÔZkZôoÆ‚B�CÚY^:YNXZ\ktì�ZLDzaÅZk"C{Šzª~ÐWg{WäzZàYVÆa áh+z{Ãð‡.ÞZ²÷Z_7ghYNÐÔ÷~ŠàpZéì�ñßsZ[Óx�Ûz¬]ЊZðX™¡»½ew™Í¬s~ÖYNZzgDzaÆ„Z0˜0*g}Čۤk6,1**Ñzq™Š,XZ,˜0*g}�5±Å¡qf‚‚i~~çzy0ÃXH™zVÔ

çgsm1102Y622

�ŠƒVÔZq-uЈziÌ7™YƒVÔZy»ë?ƒ@*¹"!*»:ZzgYgq:Z0+Zi~ƒ@*ZzgH�}.Zz0+™*Å«™Š{&6VÃZEw~:Ñ**ZzgD**«ÆÈîg}Ã�V»ÂVzZ:áY**²ÌìZzg¬ZyÚÌÔ�:{ÛÅó{~Ih+{ì:‘tÅX

6�Zz6,¹Y[ì�œ™r#ÅŠp»Zq-Zzg"gÔTÐfgZÁßvzZ��Ô—*]åXz{y~ZzgZgŠzÃZq-„nÆŠzgcâ…¸XZyÅ—ãûZzg„~—~»Z0+Zi{ZyÆŠg`fsZ½kЃYì�4991Y~ZXkWsW+B5½3ðEEGHZSm,Æik,ZÈxÂZq-ögLLyz*y~—ã)bóó~Šb‰Zy

Zg]Ð1ŠHì: œ!Æ[LLi!*3TãYC�ÔZLÓVÐZzgÓVÅãCŠƒC

ì÷XZkÒpЊBÂëÎZgŠzc*y~c*yz*ãë�ZyƒÆZdwÅãCŠZq-ìX$+¬tì�ëäå©à©à!*ÂV6,?{mîg6,:YzZà!*ÂV6,izgŠc*ìZzgZÏãCŠ6,**xJ-ZµZµ™Šb�XpgЊ¬YñÂyz*ãi!*yŤ/Z%Zq-ìXeìZk»**xW\$+wŠ,1ZkŤ/Z%$+ÜW‚y»xÂ7!Z[ÎZwg{Y@*ì**x»XZôm,~~é�gì†[ÃË**xÐågzÔZkÅpÒz„gìÏXyz*ã**x6,Z‹Znƒ@*ì�ZkÐZk»Zq-„

oÐmªCÙƒ@*ìXZka÷}f‚~Zq-***xWc*ìÔeìW\ÃIWñXt**xy~ZzgZgŠzŠzâVÐìZzgZÐLLygŠzóó̹YYìc*Z¤/‚guÆŠvoI™,ÂZk»**xLL‚gÅóó̃YìX~ZLîg6,¬x1wewÅi!*yÆZÖpÔ6

�Zz6,Cc*ŠHìÔæÂVЦ™@*Wg;ƒVX!!ÏßyÆy~\ÆZ,„ZÖp�¬xyz*ã1àÆ�ÁÐÁŠzDÙZg¦™äÆ

çgsm1102Y722

Z0+Zi{ƒZ�ZgŠzy~Æ**xбäzZài!*3!*CÙÆ”V~Y™¾§bZq-ƒYC�ÔtzZ§ áh+W\ÃZ)~eZwŠ}Ç�!!ÏßyÆy~\ÆŠzu}z‰ÜÆ4k4~Zq-ÎZûZÖp

Z,¸�ƒÅ™~WäzZáZzgÎyz*ㄹYYìXZy~´uÏÔgÔ´z{Ôð™**Ô'×Z`Ô»g¤/Ô&b»gÔqz~Ô©pg

‰ZÖpÌ�XZ,y~ZÖpÅ®ZŠDÙZgzVJ-V_ìóóXœ™r#ÅZZ6,6,zW·Œ™r#)%jx(ÅôZã~¸Z»Šòä

—*]6,FÂÁ áùXX}LLyz*ã1àóó)3991Y(ÔLLyz*ãg8-óó)3991Y(ÔLLW‚y¸óó)4991Y(ZzgLLyz*ãõzg}óó)5991Y(XZÏe~Zôm,~ÅÌ

''Towards a Langua Franca of SAARC Countries" Zq-Â[/ÄZy3991Y~ áùňXyz*ãi!*âVƵ"6,™Zñ‰Zk»x»E+™{™Dƒñœ™r#�ÛâD�:

LLyz*ãÆgzZV6,z�ä/V»MY,{1ìXÂ[»**xLLyz*ãg8-óóì&ZgŠzy~ZzgZôm,~~ áùHŠHìXZk~¬xûZzgW‚y/VÅz„403ËV6,#ƒðì}¤/z¤/×™r#~Z,ZÖp1975�XÎgŠZkƯx~Z,ZÖp4621�XÇŠZkÆŒVZ,ZÖp3701�X6,ð~gZ`gZÎ

~045�XLÆŠzƒV~5721�X÷Z!*ðƯx~768�X·g„G~618�XZ[fgZZ,¬xW‚ygZòZÖpÅ®ZŠŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG�yz*yÅŠg`z„i!*âV~�X|ZC~7604Ôº!~0952ÔW‚ò~2052Ô%Z_~0913ÔPÝ~1701Ô@*ï~1401ÔÀ~9752ÔZht~2282ZzgM~8811X

'Zk6,z�Æ�ëä¬x1wewÆyz*ã

çgsm1102Y822

/VÅeÖ~„»g7ÅÉZ,Ä~ZN!*]Ì»gKÎ:Üsy~¹YYìZzg:ZgŠzZzgtZN[ZzgeÖc*VëZgŠzZzgy~ŠzâVi!*âV~»g™Zgì�XZkÆ´z{y~ZzgZgŠzÆœ�õzgzVŹ̻gƒg„ìXëäZKzgZV$Ã!*.$!*.$™ZµZµ•zV~„™g3ìXpZ[ áh+X•zVûz‰ÜWŠHìXZ¤/Z[Ìë介',CÂëZL@*g]�ÛnÃ7gZ:

™ÃÐXÐ!*]ì�tyz*y»ÌzgXZzgZkz»zgXÌ�Z[yz*yÅ'Z5ðuuzV~7ìóóXfgZWЙ�ÛâD�:

LLZôm,~i!*y¬@ùk$Yg„ì?ZLŠgzZi}CÙZiZzggZòÂÆaa2$ÅwŠ¶ÐXW\Ã¥x„ƒÇ�Zôm,~

~Üsyz*ãZÑÝZÖpÅ®ZŠŠzDÙZgÐZz6,ìZzgZy~ic*ŠC„ƒCYg„ìXZôm,~Ãic*Š{Ðic*Š{W‚y¯äÅÃlåÐic*Š{ áh+Z[ƒg„�Ô¸Zôm,~ÅF,¹Zzg;ƒÅzzìX»ly~é]¯Š¶zZáZzgZgŠz~²!ZzgÃgÏÅ5z^™äzZáfgZi!*âVÅ@*gõÐ$JBX©]ÜF,¹c*Ci!*y',RŬxi!*yYV7ƒ$ËÔ´uÏZzgg]Y]zZá„Zk»�Z[Š}Mh�óóX4k',kÐic*Š{æ]J-œ™r#»t©wg;�gziZ:ðúiZzgoŠòÐÃgrƒ™z{òZzg¬@RÆZgŠzZzgZôm,~ÆZ¶gZ]zg‚b6,ó{eZs¸XñKñKu¥VÃ7,|™ŠpÆñç¬]6,¶KyÎDYD¸Ôˆ~¶KyiŠp}ZzgzVÆF,ZÚ»™ZµZµÄZ**]Æ�à V~gÄŠbYD¸X¶KyÎDz‰Üœ™r#tçÌ™Šï¸�Ãy‚F,Z¾Ãb~g3YñÇX

çgsm1102Y922

%zVñç¬]6,Z+DÙZgzVÃ:W`gŠWg»ÇiZzgg^aç~ZLŠgŠZâVų�XÉñç¬]6,ïz_·Æfg=¤/ZVŠg¥âCñZŠ»g™äÆ¿~Zyà VÐi',Š„Z.Š{HYYìXZKZ¶g|ÆZkZâÇZ0+Zi»f™

: ™DƒñpŠœ™r#Zq-(˜�LL÷~Z¶g|ä6491YÐZ¶g~F,ZØVZzgZyÅà V

»Z(gz\ŠJgZì�DÙZg;Ã:ZÓg-V~½~ƒð�ÔZ[Ì

½C¬Wg„�Zzgg1»**x7g�X¥x7�ZxHƒÇÔZyÐÃZ+{ZVäzZá“aZƒVÐZzg÷}©Ñ]ÆZk:c*¸mUÆH}òìÐóóXqw„~œ™r#żŠ’k,zVZzgz2VÅãCŠ6,Zyà VÅŠgzÈ~

ÅìXDÙZgzVÃ:X~ÑÅVZ¶g~F,ZÚgǃñ�Ô&ÎäÄZ**]Æ�„ň�ÔZy~йÐXRÄZ**]Ã!*ëæ™ÆZzgŠvÁZëÁz+ÐÜsÙƽãZq-ÎZ,ñç¬]ÉKYMh�Îœ™r#ÅF,¶]ŒYYìXQZy~Ðäæñç¬]ÃãCŠ¯™ïz[Æ»xÅpZvÅY$Ëì@*�%jxÅpZéÆ_.Çq¢Æ»çVÃæ[™@*ƒZ¼ÆßZz�Š~WnÔZ(ƒZÂGøg~Y+$Ðt%jxÆaZq-ZdF,+yZ`o]ƒÇX

7491Y~Z#œ™r#ä),÷ZhZâ›>ÅãCŠeZàÂLL:©Zzg?m,,óóÆik,ÄZyZq-$%ZÏoÆZ»',+Æ**xYg~HZzgZk~›âVÅ**&/ZOŠ~qª»f™™DƒñZLJg~|™[»-VZÖgH:

LLtCk™Æ(,ZÀƒ@*ì�*¸Î‚w~yÆ›âV~èIZzgZ&k’¹ÌZ�Zzg(ÏÔ(Zzg�RÌÔpËäT!*]ŧsÂz7Åz{Zy»ZOŠ~XìXtX

çgsm1102Y032

W`J-:ÂËÀò’q-Åzz0eZzg:dWZzgg^a»ñçq“W»ÑsZÐq݃ZXñ4,xÅZ á®)äZsxÆZOŠ~Âx6,¼ßZ½™Šc*ìpyz*y~ZkxZ¼ÆZOŠ~)bH�Ôz{Zkg~Šzg~Áâà/zVЊzegìXà~ZzgŠŒC›yZKgzi~ÆaH™gì�ÔZgc*2V~ZyÅgzKgzi~»XHHgcZ(gKƒñìZzgWy~ZyÆiÅHHgZ�ƒ$Ë�XtZzgZknÆÎZÑ]6,I¸ec�j]Yc*ƒZìX›âVÆZOŠc*]Å**ƒÍc*jZŠ_Æg3z™x6,ìZzgZk6,:ËÃZ(gì:ZMZgóóX

›**yyÅâ�Zy±Ãœ™r#¡½c*CZzg',ugziÇ„7ÉozxÆZOxzZ¾Zx~çŠ9eT¸XZrVä2991Y~2z;gƽW!*ŠÓ~gŠZS~uÀÅZ‚keZàZzgÎwuzwÆZJ**]~zhezZáZÃ5Vƃ.gCÆaj½zF,šM»ZÈxHXœtŠàÐK‰Zk»xÆ}ò̹j,Z‚ÛZU*"$ƒñXZ[J-ŒVÆ042CÎwuzk

i%}Æ IAS ZJ**]~»x[ƒ™oÆZOòeJ‘»z0`�X»x[ZyzZgzVÅz„~ŒVÆCä0*õ%ûN*\”)¬Šk(~Ì(¯ðX4991Y~Šzu~7icqÝ™äzZáZ1–œ&5002Y~0*v,0*GZy6,

9}i‹0RZzg9002Y~«7ic6,',Z)yeZË á{ßZÏZŠZg}ÅaZzZg�XZyÆ´z{ZZ¾g)4991Y(ÔW#íg)5991Y(ZzggêI)6991Y(!*nKM‚Â,ÔW^,Zzg”7icqÝ™ä~»x[gìX

gŠÆ(Zzg#kZŠZgzVÅ!ò»x!ZzgZyƉÐF,¹zplqàÅgZ{6,ozIÅ7gÄÔÑ8-ŠIœ™r#ÆZzgD+',6,™Š™C�X

çgsm1102Y132

Z¶gº

ú÷ ãWŒÛ Zy~ Zk,éZyÆZâx’!}Ðö);w(~zZµgm,óg~âgûqg]~91z,‚Ñ:

ŒÛWyú÷»ZÈxHŠHÔgpyZMgu~Zkú÷»ñçqLLŒÛWyZz[Å! Â[óóåÔiZ],+ŃÐic*Š{Âz»%œ/z�ZCÙÐ%uŠ*»ƒÐgN*¯

ŒÛWyåÔZkÆŠZNY+$61ZzgŠzu~Y+$410*g}�ÔWgÆZk%:~âDÙZg625ZlxÆ�ZCÙZ]»ZEwHŠHìÔi%ŠZzgc*¸]z){Æ»xäZkÅŠÌ~ege0+ΊbÔú÷~Z,ezwÆŠZäÌ�X6,ŒÛWãWc*]Zzg‰¿Îg'èˆ�XZ¶k½d$~œgZk,ZyZ£~5,ZŠZzgÓ#ÖÆZZÇh+ZgzVZzgdi†]äÑ•ÅÔœgä¹�Z,Z�ÛZŠÑëŠgZzg@›rq-Æ���ŒÛWãpÄÆ�ÛzrÅÃ@V~zs�Ôú÷ÆeZ],Iqæ·~ä¹�tú÷ŒÛWyˆÆZk£x—ÃZzgZY¤/™}ÏTÆmЛ”V~ËZg~ÅØaZƒg„ìÔZyÆ_.ZkÆZ룜~ŒÛWã¦g6,FFpÄÆŠZ],{ÃzWZzgZkÆšg6,ßÍVÅÂz%Ãi™**ìÔú÷~ŒÛWyÆ

šgÃ&”VªŒÛWyŬx½ÔSà½ZzgïzCó~„HŠHåZzgÐVÆ0ñZŠÃ{mîg6,ZÌŠ~¶ÔeZ],IÆ_.Zk‚wÅŒÛWãú÷~iZ],+»�lzyzlŠh+ãìZzgµì�äÑÄÐiZZ+ á@ZkÐ;c*[ƒVÐX

yW"$ŒÛ ÂÅy !{ ‚,ÅZq-,‚!{Ây¬6[Z−+Šk',kIwzs Z4k,{Ågc*„LL´{óó

çgsm1102Y232

{ÐÌ**zZ�‰pZrVä‚J‚wÅ/~wsÙÏÅ&¢AaZÅZzg7,"Æ‚B‚B™~Ì'g]qݙơ_./zØtÐŒÛWyˆÅåÂ"$Ì™eZàZzgz{Ì0*õ¶VÅÔZkª]Z0»g**óÆ:LW`z{7g~Š*ÅÂz»%œ/µƒð�ÔZrVä¹�¼Wt™ÆZyÃoÆa™p™ZxÆ‚t7™ŠtÔ6002Y~Zk‡.Þd»xÅZ’ZYÎgÒÃBÐÅZzg¾{V~

ŠÅÔQ'×h+5°‘ZzgCÙ!*gt¿0*õV~åƒZX

gš»i **V$#-.5ÎæHGF

**V$#-.5ÎæHGFiZ•IZzgãCŠ6,„|ÇVÅZq-©ì�¦~°

lVÆŠgxyz�Š~Wð¶Ôt›âVÆ‚BCÙªÓ:zY',Z:»ggzZðÃgzZŠ¶Ôˆ~,ƒ,œ~{~~Zg!*[Gä!*Š áƒVÅæŠÐZkÃÄ�ÐSŠ¶»ŠúòÌHåÔp**gz}ÆqDŠc¤/ŠZ:zZu]Æf)ŠZgW0+g}Û8-',-r-ÆZÏ|ðZ•IÐgzZ*Æo]A�TÐ

¥xƒZ�tŠz!*g{ZL**0*u³ZìÅŠÆau¤/xƒ_ìÔW0+g}Û8-',-r--g\~èIZz[ª{Ø|ðÓ#Öƪx»pZ;VìÔZsxZzg

›âVÐZkÔh+Ð]ìÔZÏaz{yz*yÆZ•IzV»Ì×îìÔ51Î,]6,ŒZLšg~201ËV6,Zkäyz*y»f™HìÔT~Zkäyz*yzZßVÃtg{Šc*ì�z{o~±îg6,›âVüZgÅwÐ7™,Ô±ÉÆ°æ YNÌ2ñ�Ô',¤â~Z¶g8¤/ZsÆ_.ZkšgÆ_·Ð¥xƒ@*ì�z{Zq-§sZ•IyzƒV»qòÌZzgŠzu~§sZsxZzg›yŠ#~·Š-V»ëâZÌìÔZkäšg~·Š-V»**x423ZzgZuZL»953%û1ìÔZ\k�Z+Šc¤/ŠTÅÍŠ~W0+g}‰Z•IŠc¤/Š6,zgl0*D�Ôf!fgZùZšrZKzV~ZkÃøD¢zg]ÌZÌ

çgsm1102Y332

7ŠïX)tgzi**)ë©gW!*ŠÆZŠZgC™Ðnì(

{ »ç y¤ ¢ÅgzÝÐu',¤6ZzgZuZLÅZq-œ�ï~¹ŠHì�¢ÅgzÝŸZzgpyÆ

úV~ic*Š{u]Zzg!~ÑŠîìTÆ:Lu¤yÆZk**]~ZŸ†ƒY@*ìÔZkÅïÆaâCÙ+¥äÅ5½n.ç GH-Eg;~aƒV6,Š/HÔaƒVÆZq-¤/z\âÅgzÝ~Zq-‚gppƈZ#ZyÆpyÆúVÅYõňÂZy~úc*Vu]z!~»x@{HŠHÔZyÆ!*e~¯u~»°p~ƒ_¶ÔZkßg]qwÆ7ÃâCÙ+ä¹�aè!*e~¯uZ•ðˆkâλÂxƒ@*ìZzg¢ÅgzÝÐz{ÂxOW,ƒ@*ìÔZka¢ÃÚ°äÆOñu™Î**ecÔ@*�ZkÆv**]ÆZk**]ÁƒYNX

é»úUXwéZKãWÕV~zZµƒäzZÑZq-Z(¼~%nìTÐZ–wÅ

ZVƒY@* ! Fg~ÑhƒYCìZzgZ¤/Zk»¯g~´`:HYñÂP‚~%!ˆìÔŠ*Æט´~CÙ‚wMÐ4kÑÄZ�ÛZŠZkÐOW,ƒD�Zzgel,|ÑÄZ�ÛZŠYVeƒYD�ÔZk»´`™s0*ãÐeìÔ',¤6ʼn`-Eg;Æ]45¾æ GE

YZXk^Æ>äéÆ451%ÉVÐ%äqÝKÔ

qÝ”{%âVÐØ`�éÅZ9¾§bW:~Q�ÔZyÙ-VÆHºCY,{~>Æ‚tZk%nÆ;ƒÆ!*g}~å¦k,‚tWðÔ{m!*]tì�Š*½~ÆÅ&(,~z!*ðZlxÅãCŠZq-„(ªUXw

)tg7gg‚!LLoóó~ áùƒðì( ìÔDÐtz!*ƒÐ¬#¶X

uÔmZ&k

çgsm1102Y432

çgsÅeZug±Z!)u

» áUZŠ[Ô]½5éHŠ-gZ`Ô7†qgc*ÔzZc*ßgc*Ôf!ógyÔ·g92B8B1102Y

ZyìW\íe$ЃVÐX Z?xiX Hò!¹¬çgs�Ñð1102Y»Ñg{ÃâZiƒZåÔ•gZ]ƒVc*£Ñ]ÔZ¶g

ºƒVc*çgsÅeZuÔ!*[ZÅ3«çGGozZÑÙŠƒc*,¬]].h+{Ågzúð)û{(CÙ

zf‚zŠwÆ@*gq-ÍØVÃëg™ŠHXZÅ‹«ç EE,ðä G ±góó6,6,zW Z!) eZËgKZ£ãÆÃgÏù·xLLu

�¼’k,�Ûâc*ìz{¡qZ0+Zi„»qïìXPâ{¬£ÃgÏ›-Eg;ÆZq-6,(,ZYgq:zY+$ŠZgZ:û{HåÔTà ±góó Z!) LLu ™r#DäLL»Ð÷¦/óó~

7,|™Ãăð¶XeZËgKZ£ã0+z>Z!YÆÃgrZ−�ÔZ¥/{›Æ‚@z6,ŠZ@7� áh+ZÏzzÐZ¥/{ƉdòV~gKZ£ã -Eg;

ÅÃgÏ á²~ÃLLg—óóÅOñLLŠóóÅóƒVЊ¬Y@*ìXÃð¼Ì¾pE!*]tì�yz*y~ÃgÏ á²~~gKZ£ã»�Z[7XgKZ£ã

óÆGz2ÃßU*"$™Šc*ìX ó Ä%Z/æg3�',Š? ÐLL ZzgK. äZKKÉeZË2+k,Z£%jxzagÐWÆŠzgZy~Zq-!*ggKZ£ã»f™Wc*Â

eZË™r#òä�Ûâc*:LLgKZ£ãÃgÏi!*yzZŠ[Æ4+Ze°�XÃgÏ~Zy»¯x¹!{ƒ@*ìp'×Z`~Z4w7Zka»gÇ{§]~z{ic*Š{»x[7óóX

ZÌPŠâV¬¯y6,**zuÚ{7g~™r#ÐWƒg„¶Ô',−E+™{

çgsm1102Y532

gKZ£ã™r#»**xWŠHÂ|]**zuä�Ûâc*:¸ð!7g}yz*y~gKZ£ãÐ(,ZÃgÏ»Ãð á²7óóX } LL÷

tZk,ÅÍZ„ìTÅÃgÏ á²~6,6,zW~**BÃ**iåX6,zW~**BWiZŠZL81B†g~7991YÆ[¯x**zuÚ{7g~~g¶§Zi�:

WŠZ[ ',ZŠgHx!¾ìÐ]ÙZk¯{m» Å

W\ÅÄ7,SZzg~ZkŠzgÃzZ:`ŠHZ#уg~eZË1·ZDw)zZõ6,±Zzg@»Ò(ÔñÑ**lZ−+‚´Ô¦¬$+Z¬$+ÔW‡ËZghÔß°Ýx+ÔeZ˦†ZvZzg6,zWa$o-ô

JGgZxg”…ÃgÏ7,Jc*™D¸XW`÷}ZyZ‚E+{~ÐÃðÌi0+{ƒDc*÷}zZ−Hxc*Z*ŠÒZ!YñÑ**@*�gÎW!*Š~i0+{ƒDÂW\ÃZq-Zq-´6,ŠZŠŠïZzgÄ7,|™pÙÐYá:�D'X

™* 0+ ZŠZ™zV}.Zz ]t ™Zq-fg}ÃWë[¯Šc*ìÔÁ/V~ ÄÈ W\ätW\ÃplzyxgÇX¹Šk,Îøg;�t0*g{Ëg‚áÃZ á®)ÆaÙVXZkÅZq-Ü6,zW2+k,Z£)Z¥/{(ßg;ƒVZzgZq-eZËz©ŒÛ7)уg(ÃX

z0*õ"**zuÚ{7g~Ôm771D671( x)6, ~**BWiZŠ *iq6,zW~**BWiZŠäZKP>]Ô»[**zuÚ{7g~™r#Ã{Zð

¶ÔWiZŠ™r#Ư{mÐOW,ƒ™**zu™r#ä!*g{ZÃg6,ŒÃgÏ~Zq-ÄÉ™WiZŠ™r#Å}.#Ö~Zg‚w™Š~XZkÄÐOW,ƒ™WiZŠ™r#ä**zuÚ{7g~™r#ÃèÃg{â–åX

!*]DƒX¾qw',ZƒçÜ]Ã�LLLLig{ØóóÃÌZÜZgÆ‚BLLé{xóó9ì'èÃg{Ñg}~çwÅZ á®)6,MŠwÐNyƒVXÏ

*iq GÆñµ6,Igu!*ŠJw�Ûâ !zZg_gc*è )»[(

çgsm1102Y632

{h+]]. ¬,Zi6,zWZZ£ÃÔá‰ÆÔ!{»½zS®)Ô?ì¤/Š ZDwZzgZ[W!*Š:

7lÔ,]042Ô7052gz9ÔØ:ZŠZg{*Ô86D%iZ¸gzeÔZ[W!*Š-8XZDwÅ)~se$ÔZyÅ£èzWÃEÆPZDwÙkÕŠzV»‹tZzgZk

6,û{ZzgZD1]6,PÂ1V6,WÔZkù´~ áïìpaè´)ZDwZzgZyÆ�g[Z!W!*Š6,Šzp}Z,�XÃzZªšMZ»wÅwqÝìZkaÂ[ÆZk**xÃF,ߊ~ˆÔZ!W!*Š~0391Y~´)ZDw=pÑñÔ›>»Zq-‚Ñ:*ZkWæ»øuåÔpZkЬÌF!*gZk@*g]à~Zy»z�ŠMìp03Y»Zka@*gõÆ,]~úc*VwVЊg`ƒZ�Zk!*g´)ZDwä™s/V~�Ûâc*�yz*y~Zq-›yz*y‡ìKYä»_c!*ÇhO+$ìÔZkZq-¿Ã ág±z–+ä_c0*ÎyÅ~Zq-Z+ŠZ*y»ÄZy¯Šc*TпVÃ:A$Z·tåZzgW`Ìz{ZkÅ9=ôňl~�ÔÃå'»Ì¸ìwìZzgZkÅŠ?ZyÆ4,Šq-tì�LLZ¹t_]]ZDwÆ:¸É‰›ŠZ›gZyƸTÅ×e$ZDw™gìóóZzgt�LLZDwÃÜsbzÅ7ÀÅ„¶ÔÜs›âVÅ7Ô‚g}˜VÐZYyz*yÅ„¶óóÔ'×h+t�LL[Z!W!*Š'ÆZÝQ»ìw7HŠHóóc»³t��LLZDwÆìÑ]ÐZ%sHYYìp¡ZDwÃ!*ã0*ÎyIoƒ7óóXÃå'ÆìÑ]ªCÙìiâyzkyÆZW,Z]Ð].Z7pZrVäTZŠZwZzgzÝf‚Ð[Z!W!*ŠÆâ!zâm»Y,{1ìZkÃÃZ0+Zi™**W‚y7ÔZkÐic*Š{ŠNZzg¥â]Z0ª£!ìT~´)ZDwÅWæZzg»Ð÷Ŭ]�ÔŠzZiŠ{2w~›>ÆZk*ÆŠZ¦Ô£òçz2ÔúZx»�lÔzZA:ZLwp*~ZÏŠgzq¢+ŶZzg[Å�®)~¤ÏZzgÂz~Z\k**uuJ-úZxÅ"Z²ð»f™ŠzuzVäÌHpZkÂ[~z{b×]ÌWˆ�XЬxîg6,zZ/7ÔZkÒpÐt*y{™ZëìÔŠzu}p}ÌZDwÃK~çzyU*"$ƒD�ÔÃå'pŠZq-ºm„»ZO[gnp�pÀ˜ZrVäZK„c*ZLgD**]»"YZÖg7HpZyÃÅÆ6,ŠzV~ic*Š{7æ{gppÅD+ÛÌ7Å

çgsm1102Y732

}¸]�LLZDwÅZy!*ÂVÐZ%sHYYìÔZ%sÂZ·ZKƉUƒVÐÌHY@*ìóóÔ'ÆŸÅœZ‰Ü̇.ÞÒpìÔÑzq„~ZrVä™sH�LL=Ä.»Šú~7ÔZDw.»Â!*Ç7@*ë'¹¼:eTƒñÌ7,−7,@*ìóóÔ:e�ƈ!*z�ŠZDwÅgzbÐŒÛd$ŒÛd$ëW}ƒ**Ôf‚z'×Z`ÅZ™"$ÅzÝìZzgZk»Zq-o]z{ZO[ì�6,zW†Z/ZzgeZËZ£Yzh+Æ**xìX

âgZ‚ ZieZË ]: â}.! zZŠ d §]Zzg Ô g~ Í**@ e0+Z0 1 6,zWZºÔá‰ÆÔ»½zS®)4Ô?ì¤/Š7lÔ,]472Ô7003gz9ÔØ:

zCÔ'gZ»X Z ZÔZ% m, Ô5ÂÔ%+ i „YeÅ)45å HGHÔZ',Z$gØZvgzeÔ~ZzgÂòDæX6,Š÷Zzg'gZ»ÆŠgxyZq-´‘z{Ìì�L',ZgÆ**xÐZK{m

Ù|#g‚råÔZ[t'gZ»~ áïìÔL�W/Æik,‚tŒVÌDzÕzÄÅ•6,Øg‰ÔZ[Z¤/pz{!*]7p{ÐżÏgc*VW`ÌgzÝzwZg]»‚âygBb�ÔZkÂ[~Ãuÿ

E['»ÑgZy„!›4-)é

EGE]iâ:~ì�{mîg6,Zk´‘Åc*Šg§VÃi0+{gppZzg**x(g§VßùƒäÐXäŇ.ÞŠg»zØV~Úzs¿gT�Ôik,ÃÂ[ÌZÏ»g(»Zq-%:ìT~ZrVä*œ~ÆZq-ÑëZIZzg[¬Ý1e0+@ÅdÔZŠ!ÔóÔD+g+Zzg�Y}.â]»f™H�¾

§b1e0+ä@*gõÆ6ÍÚgz×KÔÃgÏZzgŠ0ZŠ[Æáy%A$KÔWU*gŠ`~6¥â]7KÔ53Y~Wxge-Eg;Ð!*gZf$ÑÅe¤/~qÝ™äÆ1e0+äZsòñç¬]6,ŠZŠï„7Š~ZyÅi0+ÏÌZsòx]»ŠH%:g„Ô

,ÆÓxUƒVÆ‚BZyÅN»zØV‰z„"¤]²!ZgŠzzÃgÏ&z:*gZñi*Ôgc*nZѶKYÔš~Yw0ZiZ0¶KïÔš~{zg**)Zi¾w{Vg!z){ƬgsÆ‚BZyÆp}Zzg‰**Šg£Ñ]Å,ZzgZy»Zq-Yì‹tÌZkZ0+Zi~ì�i!*yª]zZªtÈZÀì�LLZ+Ïg~Ìc*g[ZL{Ð~¶óóÔ£zk,z){Æ´z{

~Ìt¥â]ñ�Š�TÐÂ[ÅZÊe$~ZŸ†ƒZìX m,~ ŒÛd$Î,]~ZôZi»[Ãy°w7g~Ôá‰ÆÔ!{»½zS®)Ô?Ô W�VZ,Z,:

,]671Ô7051gz9ÔØ:„YeŠ‹ÔŠZøû~ZzgD‡è7g{Ô°w7gZe™ôX

çgsm1102Y832

»[Ãy°w7g~¢wÔ‡ŠgZæxZzgpl„ á²�ÔZk»Z‹Zs¬xìp¨4ógÌz{Á7ÔZyÅ’k,zV~‚ŠÏZzgCðÆ‚Bz{9èÌì�ZyÅ’k,Ã

@*|Å]jŠîìÔik,ÃÂ[ZL**xŧb„z_./Å—-VÅqïìÔ„CÙtP�gZzg¼)czsoV»{Ø@*W,ZCE+™{ìÔXÐ'HxÅfZCc*dc*_.!*CÙ‚ðg„pz„ÐpŠ'Å,!3ZzgÍ**Íã(,}pzg]Z0+Zi~úc*VƒCìZÉ„ŠZ°gzìÑ]z"Z+ÅqïoVÐmz@*W,ZzgQZk»5wzáZiyZÖg»xìÔqƒIñÑ**†Z+m,Ô‡g~œ&Z£!*0+z~ÔñÑ**³m,Z/ÃW,0+z~ÔñÑ**

Ô� Z&k + ZzgñÑ**MYZ− ~Ý· §]ZvZ»g~ÔWÏgZxô~Ô" s †Z>�Šzu~§¬gs„ÏÔ/Z»g~ÔZ1ZÎ@iZ@ÔcZ0ë�ÂzZí�zg~ZzgnZpÆawsd~s[zØ7X¾w»Z‹ZspŠ2sƾw6,ŠZwìÔgLgLtp}ä]zù]Ð_m,�ÔZ%Â"$Å™VIecÒ]Ð�ÔZy6,ÂzÅ¢zg]¶X

Zi»[qg_aÔá‰ÆÔ!{»½zS®)Ô ZöZöÔZq-_·: gW,]002Ô757gz9ÔØ:»……ÔZ~D07ÔaZªÔ5Š‹52XgZ»t±uIÔ**xÐZq-ò}.#ÖÇgìpZk**xÆ6,Š}~�

!g+ö

ìZkÅgzb~ZsxZzg›âVÅ#¿ÔÁŠZzg_./ZÙx©VìÔyzƒVÅËZg~c*ZyÅ]ÃZiuâbw™äžnЇìt–wÃå'LLyzƒV~*¸Šz΂wÐÅYäzZàZ§ðÃ@V»!ìóó!*]ÜsZâZzgZ+„ƒCÂt!*)¡÷Ì:ƒCÔpZkÆâ+zZá±ÃVÅF,šM~�RZzgZܹŠgzVÐic*Š{]z¤‰ÜÃÂx„»bzÑ°¯c*ŠHÔZkÃqÑ]Æ�=qÌBZzg�°yz*y~Zk»ŠZ],ÒZW,T§b@lŠHz{ZkoÅ¡ÆaËYyCZ%nÐÁ7ÔZÏZ0+8äZkÆwz÷Ãic*Š{ŒÛd$ÐY+Æaik,ÃÂ[»gÅÔÃå'äZkÆaCÙeÍÚ»Y,{á™Zy¥â]Ã7™Šc*XЬxÂHZÒpZmÌÑD�ÔZk‹c*C_·~–w'LL×zû{Ð6,Ì7HŠHóópt¢zg]Ðic*Š{Ì7XZLñçq6,ZÐZŠ~ áyÅzzÐZk»_·GÆZzg¥â]Z‚ÛZìX

qDm

çgsm1102Y932

÷,¦g

ÔF,KMzD+z+6,zWPZŠZd²Ô„çgs ¦Z1ZÑZñŠzŠ~ò : yÅð 1DZK051gz9X /= ZsòÔe~53Ôšu5D58gw!Zk,c*™ZcÔ05957X7

OòÔæg3‡ŠgtÔñß~D Zw ZŧBðE

Ô@*` ñÑ**Z¦Z/·¬Þ‡Šg~ Òâ].: ™ 2DE+X7Šg`7X $+Z-V

ñÑ**·}µg~ÔZÕ= : ÆŠ´æZgkX»[zÂx»Zq-Y,{ R',3D7†…133ÔÍZâZ!X7Šg`7X Z»ŠòÔ

Ãgzkzc*Zhò6,ZÇf$ zçZ*: w ÆZß a g^ h+ X].ïw 4DZß021gz9X /= X7 ÔZ1ZZªÔ5Š‹ D-48

Å)45å HGHÔ7†…1079Ô

001gz9X /=7X Ô~D81 W!*Š y,-e7Ô13B411Ôn ‡ ñÑ**¼ˆãÔZÁ 5DZ�Š:Z{yqŠZÅhÒ‹0îEG &Ñ Zg«zZÑ÷ s âZ[u[ZÑ ] z‡ù)�Û 6D

X ÎBÑâÔí@*gõZk,ZyÔéZy :~ {− / á{²ZØŠg~Ô á{™r#µ0î YH8[ô ~ ZÅ)Ò©ïG

E/I ~ IZ£**Ü :} Z? Zg 7DZâX7Šg`7X )Z}Ô8(

051gz9X /= Ôâr!*rÔ¯gkX7 ~ ÔG�Ûh+ i~7g~ 1¸ :Év ñ', Z 8Dœ

X eZË„ÔÔ�Û&+k,-;ƒkÔzŠâgLÔZ¥/{ : ZjZw].h+ZzgZsx 9D

qY á{ZcwZv‡Šg~ÔF,KMz¼*eZËZ1kZÑpÔZŠ! :| 01D@*gõZW£021gz9X /= X7 ŠZ],{ÔZW£|

çgsm1102Y042