View
248
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
1/29
2/12/2014 Motion & Time Study - SritomoW.Soebroto
1
Materi TTC # 1
INTRODUKSI
Sritomo W. Soebroto
Laboratorium Ergonomi & Perancangan Sistim Kerja
Jurusan Teknik Industri
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
2/29
Agenda Pembelajaran # 1Semester Genap 2013-14
2
Mgg ke- Pokok Bahasan
1Kontrak Kuliah
Introduksi Perkuliahan
2Proses Produksi, Produktivitas, dan Nilai Tambah
Lean Manufacturing
3 Work Operation Anaysis (Konsep Ekonomi Gerakan)Gerakan Therbligh
4 Predetermined Time Standards Systems (PTSS) - MTM
5Work Operation Analysis (Peta Kerja)
Penjelasan Responsi secara umum & TPM MTM
6Stopwatch Time Study
Briefing tugas besar
7
Pelaksanaan Modul Stopwatch time study
(TPM dan Pengambilan data sebelum perbaikan)
8 & 9 EBTS
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
3/29
Agenda Pembelajaran # 2Semester Genap 2013-2014
Mgg ke- Pokok Bahasan
10Metode Kuantitatif Sistem Manusia-Mesin
Job Design & Job Analysis
11Work Sampling
Tes Pendahuluan Modul Work Sampling
12 Standard Data
(Pengambilan data worksampling di luar kelas)
13Materi Terapan 1 : Keseimbangan Lintasan Operasi & Sistem Antrian
(Pengambilan data worksampling di luar kelas)
14Materi Terapan 2 : SMED
(Pengambilan data worksampling di luar kelas)
15 Materi Terapan 3 : Kompensasi Finansial
16 (Pelaksanaan ICE pada 26-30 Mei 2014)
17 Review materi mata kuliah TTC18 Ujian akhir praktikum3
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
4/29
Bobot/Prosentase Penilaian :
Motion & Time Study -Sritomo W.Soebroto
4 2/12/2014
Evaluasi Tengah Semester: 25%
Tugas Kelas: 10%
Responsi di Laboratorium: 30% - 40%
Tugas Besar: 25%-35%
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
5/29
Motion & Time Study -Sritomo W.Soebroto
5 2/12/2014
Tujuan Instruksional
Memberikan pemahaman mengenai
konsep dasar dan teknik-teknik yang
berkaitan dengan analisis dan perancangan tata-cara kerja dan pengukuran kerja.
Memberikan kemampuan kepada mahasiswa untuk
menerapkan teknik-teknik tersebut untukmerancang sistem kerja yang lebih efektif-efisien
dalam kerangka peningkatan produktivitas
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
6/29
Motion & Time Study -Sritomo W.Soebroto
6 2/12/2014
Kepustakaan
Barnes, Ralph M. Motion and Time Study: Design and
Measurement of Work.New York: john Wiley & Sons,
1980.
Currie, R.M. and Joseph E. Faraday. Work Study. London : Pitman
Books Ltd., 1982.
Krick, Edward V. Methods Engineer ing : Design and Measurement
of Work Methods.New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1962.
Mundel, Marvin E. and David L. Danner. Motion and Time Study:
Improving Productivity.Englewoods Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Inc.,
1994. Niebel, Benjamin W. Motion and Time Study.Homewood, Il.:
Richard D.Irwin, 1993.
Polk, Edward J. Methods Analysis and Work Measurement. New
York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1984.
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
7/29
Motion & Time Study -Sritomo W.Soebroto
7 2/12/2014
Buku-Buku
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
8/29
Motion & Time Study -Sritomo W.Soebroto
8 2/12/2014
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
9/29
Motion & Time Study - SritomoW.Soebroto
92/12/2014
Knowledge dealing with the
systematic determination of a
preferable work methodwith the
time required
for the uses of human
and equipment to perform such
work as well as a development of
material & toolsto make the
established method and time
practical
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
10/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
10 2/12/2014
Goals of Work Study
Eliminate elements of work
Combine elements of work Rearrange elements of work
Simplify task
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
11/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
11 2/12/2014
Motion & Time Study(purely the study of techniques)
Guidance to understand thenature and true costs of work
Assist management inreducing unnecessary costs
Balancing work cells tomake work flow smoother
Learn the details of workand make improvement
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
12/29
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
13/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
13 2/12/2014
History of Motion and Time Study
Developed in about 1880. Frederick W.Taylor, the
first user of the stopwatch to measure work
content, to define afair dayswork
In 1900, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth startedworking with methods study, to find best method.
In 1928, Elton Mayo, by accident, discovered that
people work better when their attitude is better.Later known as the human relations
movement.
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
14/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
14 2/12/2014
Frederick W. Taylor
(1856-1915)
Known as father of scientific management
and industrial engineering
First used a stopwatch to study workcontent: Father of Time Study
Entered the labor force and worked his way
up to foreman of the machine shop Became Chief Engineer of Midvale Steel
Works
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
15/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
15 2/12/2014
Taylors Four Principles of
Scientific Management
1. Develop a science for each element of apersonswork, thereby replacing the old rule-of-thumbmethods
2. Select the best worker for each task and train that
worker in the prescribed method developed inPrinciple 1
3. Develop a spirit of cooperation betweenmanagement and labor in carrying out the
prescribed methods
4. Divide the work into almost equal shares betweenmanagement and labor, each doing what they do
best
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
16/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
16 2/12/2014
Results of Taylors Methods
Specified the work method;
Instructed the operator in that method;
Maintained standard conditions forperforming that work;
Set time standard goals;
Paid premiums for doing thetask as specified.
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
17/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
17 2/12/2014
Innovations of Taylor
Stopwatch time study
High-speed steel tool
Tool grinders
Slide rules
Functional typeorganization
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
18/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
18 2/12/2014
Taylors Experiment
400-600 men hired at Midvale Steel Works to
move coal, coke, and iron ore
Each man used a different shovel
Taylor performed a formal study of the operation todetermine the most efficient shovel
varied shovel size,
duration,number of breaks,
work hours
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
19/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
19 2/12/2014
Taylors Shovelling ExperimentSaving Cost : $ 78,000/year
BEFORE STUDY AFTER STUDY
No. People 400 - 600 140
Pounds/Shovel 3 - 38 21
Bonus No Yes
Work unit Teams Individual
Cost/ton 7 cents to 8 cents 3 cents to 4 cents
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
20/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
20 2/12/2014
Time Standardare goals to strive for
Manufacturing plants with no standards
average 60% performance
Manufacturing plants with time standardsaverage 85% performance
Manufacturing plants with
incentive systems average120% performance
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
21/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
21 2/12/2014
Frank (1868-1924) and
Lillian Gilbreth (1878-1972)
Known as parents of motion study
Developed many new techniques for studying
work
Frank Gilbreth
bricklayers apprentice
set up his own construction business
Lillian Gilbreth
trained psychologist who kept Frank
from dehumanizing work
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
22/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
22 2/12/2014
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Started a consulting business Studied motions to improve the work environment
Elimination or useless motions and reduction ofremaining motions was foundation of their work
work simplification Developed terminology defining the entire range of
manual motions
therbligs
Therbligs are the basic components of the motionpattern
search, select, grasp, transport, hold, position,inspect, and assemble, e.g.
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
23/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
23 2/12/2014
Professor Elton Mayo
Known as the father of the human
relations movement
Involved in the Western ElectricCompanys Hawthorne plant productivity
studies (1924-1933)
studied what factors affect productivity
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
24/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
242/12/2014
Phases of the study
Phase I (1924-1927): Illumination Study
premise was that increased illumination would increase
productivity
results were inconclusive due to other factors
Phase II (1927-1929): Relay Assembly Study
premise was that a change in working conditions
would result in a change in productivity
Studied the following factors: incentive system, rest
periods, paid lunch breaks, elimination of Saturday
work, reduction in work hours, free lunch and drinks
Results of study are as follows:
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
25/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
252/12/2014
PHASE NO. WEEKS
DURATION
CUMULATIVE
NO. WEEKS
FACTOR HOURS WORKED
PER PERSON
AVERAGE
HOURLY
OUTPUT
AVERAGE
WEEKLY
OUTPUT
1 2 2 In regular dept 39.7 49.51 1,9732 5 7 Experiment room 45.6 49.4 2,254
3 8 15 Incentive system 44.7 51.25 ,289
4 5 20 2-5 min. rest 42.4 53.11 2,251
5 4 24 2-10 min. rest 44.2 55.9 2,470
6 4 28 6-8 min. rest 44.2 55.9 2,470
7 11 39 11 min A.M.-Lunch-10 min. rest
41.4 56.1 2,305
8 7 46 Stop hr. early 40.7 62.5 2,5429 4 50 Stop 1 hr. early 39.0 64.5 2,516
10 1 62 Same as 7 43.6 61.7 2,69111 9 71 No. 7 + eliminate
Sat A.M.
39.6 63.6 2,517
12 12 83 No. 3 nolunch/rests
45.9 61.0 2,802
13 31 114 Same as No. 7 but
brought own lunch-
given beverages
43.1 66.7 ,873
Hawthorne Plant: Relay Assembly Experiment 13 Phases
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
26/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
262/12/2014
Phases of the study (2)
Phase III (1929-1930): Interviewing Program
Twenty one thousand employees interviewed to determinewhat people want from their jobs
Phase IV (1931-1932): Bank Wire Observation Room
Informal organization and its influence on productivity
were studied
Results of Hawthorne studies did not go as intended
factors thought to improve performance did not lead to anautomatic improvement
studies did show that change affects the employeesattitude, which affects results
As long as employee attitudes remained positive, whenother factors were changed negatively, production stillimproved
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
27/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
272/12/2014
Early Contemporaries
Laurence Gantt
developed graphs to measure performance and
visually display projected schedules
used by shipbuilding industry during WWI Known as Gantt Chart
also developed wage payment system based on
performance
Shigeo Shingo
http://cgl.microsoft.com/clipgallerylive/packages/j012/j0124715.cilhttp://cgl.microsoft.com/clipgallerylive/packages/IN00/IN00600_.cilhttp://cgl.microsoft.com/clipgallerylive/packages/j012/j0124717.cilhttp://cgl.microsoft.com/clipgallerylive/packages/j021/j0217150.cilhttp://cgl.microsoft.com/clipgallerylive/packages/j012/j0124715.cil8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
28/29
Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto
282/12/2014
Trends
Fair and safe treatment of workers
Government regulation of methods,
standards and work design Work measurement for indirect labor
service jobs
Computerized techniques
8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf
29/29
29
Tugas # 1(untuk didiskusikan dalam kelompok)
Cari dan bacalah artikel (studi literatur) tentang langkah-langkahpenelitian kerja yang telah dilakukan oleh 4 (empat) pioneers (FredTaylor, Frank & Lillian Gilbreth, dan Mayo yang telah memberikankontribusi nyata didalam aktivitas studi tentang kerja? Selanjutnyadiskusikan dua hal berikut ini : (1) Kenapa kontribusi merekadianggap yang paling signifikan dibandingkan dengan yang lainnya(Adam Smith, Babbage, dan/atau generasi setelah mereka); (2) Apakaitannya studi tentang Ergonomi Industri dengan Studi tentang TataCara & Pengukuran Kerja. Jelaskan.
Semua laporan harap dibuat dan diserahkan dalam bentuk hard(copy)-print atau softcopy. Hard/print copy maupun softcopy bisadiserahkan setelah group (praktikum) terbentuk.
Recommended