Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf

8/10/2019 Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf

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2/12/2014 Motion & Time Study - SritomoW.Soebroto

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Materi TTC # 1

INTRODUKSI

Sritomo W. Soebroto

Laboratorium Ergonomi & Perancangan Sistim Kerja

Jurusan Teknik Industri

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER


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Agenda Pembelajaran # 1Semester Genap 2013-14

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Mgg ke- Pokok Bahasan

1Kontrak Kuliah

Introduksi Perkuliahan

2Proses Produksi, Produktivitas, dan Nilai Tambah

Lean Manufacturing

3 Work Operation Anaysis (Konsep Ekonomi Gerakan)Gerakan Therbligh

4 Predetermined Time Standards Systems (PTSS) - MTM

5Work Operation Analysis (Peta Kerja)

Penjelasan Responsi secara umum & TPM MTM

6Stopwatch Time Study

Briefing tugas besar

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Pelaksanaan Modul Stopwatch time study

(TPM dan Pengambilan data sebelum perbaikan)

8 & 9 EBTS


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Agenda Pembelajaran # 2Semester Genap 2013-2014

Mgg ke- Pokok Bahasan

10Metode Kuantitatif Sistem Manusia-Mesin

Job Design & Job Analysis

11Work Sampling

Tes Pendahuluan Modul Work Sampling

12 Standard Data

(Pengambilan data worksampling di luar kelas)

13Materi Terapan 1 : Keseimbangan Lintasan Operasi & Sistem Antrian


14Materi Terapan 2 : SMED


15 Materi Terapan 3 : Kompensasi Finansial

16 (Pelaksanaan ICE pada 26-30 Mei 2014)

17 Review materi mata kuliah TTC18 Ujian akhir praktikum3


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Bobot/Prosentase Penilaian :

Motion & Time Study -Sritomo W.Soebroto

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Evaluasi Tengah Semester: 25%

Tugas Kelas: 10%

Responsi di Laboratorium: 30% - 40%

Tugas Besar: 25%-35%


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Tujuan Instruksional

Memberikan pemahaman mengenai

konsep dasar dan teknik-teknik yang

berkaitan dengan analisis dan perancangan tata-cara kerja dan pengukuran kerja.

Memberikan kemampuan kepada mahasiswa untuk

menerapkan teknik-teknik tersebut untukmerancang sistem kerja yang lebih efektif-efisien

dalam kerangka peningkatan produktivitas


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Kepustakaan

Barnes, Ralph M. Motion and Time Study: Design and

Measurement of Work.New York: john Wiley & Sons,

1980.

Currie, R.M. and Joseph E. Faraday. Work Study. London : Pitman

Books Ltd., 1982.

Krick, Edward V. Methods Engineer ing : Design and Measurement

of Work Methods.New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1962.

Mundel, Marvin E. and David L. Danner. Motion and Time Study:

Improving Productivity.Englewoods Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Inc.,

1994. Niebel, Benjamin W. Motion and Time Study.Homewood, Il.:

Richard D.Irwin, 1993.

Polk, Edward J. Methods Analysis and Work Measurement. New

York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1984.


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Buku-Buku


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Motion & Time Study - SritomoW.Soebroto

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Knowledge dealing with the

systematic determination of a

preferable work methodwith the

time required

for the uses of human

and equipment to perform such

work as well as a development of

material & toolsto make the

established method and time

practical


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Motion & Time Study- Sritomo W.Soebroto

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Goals of Work Study

Eliminate elements of work

Combine elements of work Rearrange elements of work

Simplify task


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Motion & Time Study(purely the study of techniques)

Guidance to understand thenature and true costs of work

Assist management inreducing unnecessary costs

Balancing work cells tomake work flow smoother

Learn the details of workand make improvement


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History of Motion and Time Study

Developed in about 1880. Frederick W.Taylor, the

first user of the stopwatch to measure work

content, to define afair dayswork

In 1900, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth startedworking with methods study, to find best method.

In 1928, Elton Mayo, by accident, discovered that

people work better when their attitude is better.Later known as the human relations

movement.


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Frederick W. Taylor

(1856-1915)

Known as father of scientific management

and industrial engineering

First used a stopwatch to study workcontent: Father of Time Study

Entered the labor force and worked his way

up to foreman of the machine shop Became Chief Engineer of Midvale Steel

Works


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Taylors Four Principles of

Scientific Management

1. Develop a science for each element of apersonswork, thereby replacing the old rule-of-thumbmethods

2. Select the best worker for each task and train that

worker in the prescribed method developed inPrinciple 1

3. Develop a spirit of cooperation betweenmanagement and labor in carrying out the

prescribed methods

4. Divide the work into almost equal shares betweenmanagement and labor, each doing what they do

best


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Results of Taylors Methods

Specified the work method;

Instructed the operator in that method;

Maintained standard conditions forperforming that work;

Set time standard goals;

Paid premiums for doing thetask as specified.


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Innovations of Taylor

Stopwatch time study

High-speed steel tool

Tool grinders

Slide rules

Functional typeorganization


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Taylors Experiment

400-600 men hired at Midvale Steel Works to

move coal, coke, and iron ore

Each man used a different shovel

Taylor performed a formal study of the operation todetermine the most efficient shovel

varied shovel size,

duration,number of breaks,

work hours


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Taylors Shovelling ExperimentSaving Cost : $ 78,000/year

BEFORE STUDY AFTER STUDY

No. People 400 - 600 140

Pounds/Shovel 3 - 38 21

Bonus No Yes

Work unit Teams Individual

Cost/ton 7 cents to 8 cents 3 cents to 4 cents


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Time Standardare goals to strive for

Manufacturing plants with no standards

average 60% performance

Manufacturing plants with time standardsaverage 85% performance

Manufacturing plants with

incentive systems average120% performance


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Frank (1868-1924) and

Lillian Gilbreth (1878-1972)

Known as parents of motion study

Developed many new techniques for studying

work

Frank Gilbreth

bricklayers apprentice

set up his own construction business

Lillian Gilbreth

trained psychologist who kept Frank

from dehumanizing work


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Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Started a consulting business Studied motions to improve the work environment

Elimination or useless motions and reduction ofremaining motions was foundation of their work

work simplification Developed terminology defining the entire range of

manual motions

therbligs

Therbligs are the basic components of the motionpattern

search, select, grasp, transport, hold, position,inspect, and assemble, e.g.


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Professor Elton Mayo

Known as the father of the human

relations movement

Involved in the Western ElectricCompanys Hawthorne plant productivity

studies (1924-1933)

studied what factors affect productivity


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Phases of the study

Phase I (1924-1927): Illumination Study

premise was that increased illumination would increase

productivity

results were inconclusive due to other factors

Phase II (1927-1929): Relay Assembly Study

premise was that a change in working conditions

would result in a change in productivity

Studied the following factors: incentive system, rest

periods, paid lunch breaks, elimination of Saturday

work, reduction in work hours, free lunch and drinks

Results of study are as follows:


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PHASE NO. WEEKS

DURATION

CUMULATIVE

NO. WEEKS

FACTOR HOURS WORKED

PER PERSON

AVERAGE

HOURLY

OUTPUT

AVERAGE

WEEKLY

OUTPUT

1 2 2 In regular dept 39.7 49.51 1,9732 5 7 Experiment room 45.6 49.4 2,254

3 8 15 Incentive system 44.7 51.25 ,289

4 5 20 2-5 min. rest 42.4 53.11 2,251

5 4 24 2-10 min. rest 44.2 55.9 2,470

6 4 28 6-8 min. rest 44.2 55.9 2,470

7 11 39 11 min A.M.-Lunch-10 min. rest

41.4 56.1 2,305

8 7 46 Stop hr. early 40.7 62.5 2,5429 4 50 Stop 1 hr. early 39.0 64.5 2,516

10 1 62 Same as 7 43.6 61.7 2,69111 9 71 No. 7 + eliminate

Sat A.M.

39.6 63.6 2,517

12 12 83 No. 3 nolunch/rests

45.9 61.0 2,802

13 31 114 Same as No. 7 but

brought own lunch-

given beverages

43.1 66.7 ,873

Hawthorne Plant: Relay Assembly Experiment 13 Phases


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Phases of the study (2)

Phase III (1929-1930): Interviewing Program

Twenty one thousand employees interviewed to determinewhat people want from their jobs

Phase IV (1931-1932): Bank Wire Observation Room

Informal organization and its influence on productivity

were studied

Results of Hawthorne studies did not go as intended

factors thought to improve performance did not lead to anautomatic improvement

studies did show that change affects the employeesattitude, which affects results

As long as employee attitudes remained positive, whenother factors were changed negatively, production stillimproved


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Early Contemporaries

Laurence Gantt

developed graphs to measure performance and

visually display projected schedules

used by shipbuilding industry during WWI Known as Gantt Chart

also developed wage payment system based on

performance

Shigeo Shingo
http://cgl.microsoft.com/clipgallerylive/packages/j012/j0124715.cilhttp://cgl.microsoft.com/clipgallerylive/packages/IN00/IN00600_.cilhttp://cgl.microsoft.com/clipgallerylive/packages/j012/j0124717.cilhttp://cgl.microsoft.com/clipgallerylive/packages/j021/j0217150.cilhttp://cgl.microsoft.com/clipgallerylive/packages/j012/j0124715.cil


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Trends

Fair and safe treatment of workers

Government regulation of methods,

standards and work design Work measurement for indirect labor

service jobs

Computerized techniques


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Tugas # 1(untuk didiskusikan dalam kelompok)

Cari dan bacalah artikel (studi literatur) tentang langkah-langkahpenelitian kerja yang telah dilakukan oleh 4 (empat) pioneers (FredTaylor, Frank & Lillian Gilbreth, dan Mayo yang telah memberikankontribusi nyata didalam aktivitas studi tentang kerja? Selanjutnyadiskusikan dua hal berikut ini : (1) Kenapa kontribusi merekadianggap yang paling signifikan dibandingkan dengan yang lainnya(Adam Smith, Babbage, dan/atau generasi setelah mereka); (2) Apakaitannya studi tentang Ergonomi Industri dengan Studi tentang TataCara & Pengukuran Kerja. Jelaskan.

Semua laporan harap dibuat dan diserahkan dalam bentuk hard(copy)-print atau softcopy. Hard/print copy maupun softcopy bisadiserahkan setelah group (praktikum) terbentuk.

Documents

Materi TTC # 1 - Introduksi TTC & PK.pdf