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E#ects of Organic Matter, Clay, and Water

Content on Water Repellency of Sandy Soils

Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

D.A.L. LEELAMANIE, Jutaro KARUBE

E#ects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic

compounds, clays, and water content on soil water

repellency under wetting and drying processes were

examined. Stearic acid or glucomannan or both were

used as organic compounds and kaolinite or Na-mont-

morillonite was used as a clay conditioner. Soil wa-

ter repellency was estimated using water drop pene-

tration time test. Repellency did not appear in sam-

ples without stearic acid. In wetting process, addi-

tion of + to ,� clay increased soil water repellency.

In drying process, critical water content increased

with kaolinite content. Soil water repellency disap-

peared with montmorillonite but not with kaolinite.

Maximum repellency was observed not at oven dried

but at air dried condition. The range of water con-

tent at which soils exhibit water repellency increased

with kaolinite content and further increased with glu-

comannan addition. Soil water repellency was sen-

sitive to water content at about air dried condition.

Key words : soil water repellency, organic matter, clay,

water content

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.

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Measurements of Moisture Properties of

Takamatsuzuka Tumulus Soil

National Institute of Cultural Properties Tokyo

Magdi KHALIL, Takeshi ISHIZAKI

The University of Tokyo Masaru MIZOGUCHI

There are many beautiful mural paintings inside

the stone chamber of tumulus in Asian countries. In

Japan, mural paintings of Takamatsuzuka tumulus

were painted in eighth century. The special commit-

tee for the conservation of these paintings decided to

keep these paintings in the tumulus in the similar con-

dition before the excavation. Recently fungi were

found on the wall surface and caused severe damages

for paintings. In order to clarify the cause of the fun-

gi and find suitable protective measures, it is neces-

sary to know the moisture and temperature condi-

tions and other necessary physical properties of the

mound soil and stone chamber. For this purpose, soil

samples were obtained from the mound by air boring

method and moisture, thermal and mechanical prop-

erties were obtained. These measured physical prop-

erties were used to propose protective measures of

the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus.

Key words : Takamatsuzuka Tumulus, mural paint-

ings, soil physics properties

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:`����� ;<ab+,=cdT�>?�8G",� +,=c88Ref�.@g�3hA�ij+A6 =+!��=�.hA3� generalized Clausius-Claypeyron kGCCl mnD471:�!#�BC=c+,43 GCCmnD�opD30ED�q� 9+A6 r�A�� sFmnD�Gt+A6 r�u��",=c88Ref�.hA�vwxy�z+Ac{� =c88�H�I�J�!2�40ED�opD3"*|K+A6����� : �=��Generalized Clausius-Claypeyron

mnD� +,=c� }~�+

Comparison of the Penman-Call model with

the Classical Models in Predicting Soil-Gas

Di#usivity for Volcanic Ash Soils

Graduate School of Science and Engineering,

Saitama University

Augustus C. RESURRECCION, Ken KAWAMOTO,

Toshiko KOMATSU

Dept. of Biotechnology, Chemistry and

Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University

Per MOLDRUP

The soil-gas di#usion coe$cient (Dp) govern the

transport and emission of greenhouse gases and vol-

atile organic chemicals in the unsaturated zone. Ac-

curate description of Dp is needed to realistically sim-

ulate the transport of gaseous phase contaminants.

In this study, we compare the performance of the re-

cently developed Penman-Call linear model with the

universally-used Millington-Quirk (+30+) and the clas-

sical Buckingham-Burdine-Campbell models for vol-

canic ash soils. The classical models failed to pre-

dict measured Dp especially at high soil-air contents

(dry soil conditions) whereas the Penman-Call model

captured the observed linear behavior of Dp for vol-

canic ash soils.

Key words : soil-gas di#usion coe$cient, air permea-

bility, organic matter, soil-water reten-

tion

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Biomass Decomposition and It’s E#ect On

Soil Physical and Hydraulic Properties

United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences,

Iwate University

Moniruzzaman Khan EUSUFZAI

Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University

Katsumi FUJII

A Field experiment was carried out to investigate

the e#ect of straw, sawdust and compost on three-

phase composition, water retention and hydraulic con-

ductivity. The rate of decomposition was also meas-

ured by the fine mesh litterbag study. The experi-

mental design was nine split blocks incorporated with

Sawdust, Rice straw and Compost at *�, +*�, ,*�and -*� of apparent soil volume. Mesh bags were

randomly assigned to three plots and buried below /

cm from the surface soil. Hanging water column and

centrifuge method was used to measure the water

retention curve. Hydraulic conductivity was deter-

mined by the disc permeameter (Perroux and White,

+322) method. Among the all amendments -*� in-

corporation reduced the solid phase as /.0*�, /.+0�and ..*2� for compost, sawdust and straw, respec-

tively. Compost incorporated soil retained high soil

moisture at any suction level than straw and saw-

dust amended soil. Unsaturated hydraulic conduc-

tivity K (h), increased for compost and straw but de-

creased for sawdust incorporated soil for the same

potential used. Field saturated hydraulic conductiv-

ity (Kfs) increased by / times and - times for compost

and straw amended soil.

Key words : Biomass, decomposition, three-phase com-

position, hydraulic conductivity, water re-

tention

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