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No. DP17-4
RCESR Discussion Paper Series
日本は「格差社会」になったのか
-比較経済史にみる日本の所得格差-
2017 年 11 月
森口千晶
一橋大学 経済研究所
一橋大学 経済研究所
経済社会リスク研究機構
〒186-8603東京都国立市中 2-1 http://risk.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/
RCESR
参考資料
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6 ) ,
%%( uV GG GGS435
: (
..- P GG GG S
() .% % Alvaredo, Facundo, Anthony Atkinson, Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel
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Estevez-Abe, Margarita (2008) Welfare and Capitalism in Postwar Japan. Cambridge University Press.
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25
1 1 1 A.
B.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
US
UK
Canada
Australia
0
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10
15
20
25
30
1900
1910
1920
1930
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1970
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1990
2000
2010
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26
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1920
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India
China
0
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10
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20
25
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1900
1910
1920
1930
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1950
1960
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Japan
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27
1 A. GDP
2000 US
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$5,000
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1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
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JAPAN
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1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
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US Male
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8%
12%
16%
20%
24%
28%
32%
1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
絶対的貧困率(和田・木村推計)
相対的貧困率(和田・木村推計)
相対的貧困率(国民生活基礎調査)
相対的貧困率(全国消費実態調査)
29
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1995
1998
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2004
2007
2010
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その他の世帯
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0.35
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1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
【所得再分配調査①】当初所得
【所得再分配調査②】再分配所得
【国民生活基礎調査①】等価市場所得
【国民生活基礎調査②】等価可処分所得
【全国消費実態調査①】等価市場所得
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0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
p95 p90 p75 p50 p25 p10 p5
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
p95
p90
p75
p50
p25
p10
p5
33
8 1 2015
IÊm<XCµ6$)gl�� ut "µ)gl¡��¶��ÉÎÂÅ|uvt �p˯°¬¡<?C6$µ
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172
143
93 90 80
68 65 65 64 57
65
21 12 11 9 9 9 8 7 7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
アメリカ企業役員
日本企業役員
34
9 OECD 1 A.
B.
500 m
�9Ê��~�m������m������������m�������� ¹ºV^�8m
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4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
24%
28%
32%
36%
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
US
UK
Canada
Australia
France
Germany
Denmark
Sweden
Japan
Korea
0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
24%
28%
32%
36%
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
US
UK
Canada
Australia
France
Germany
Denmark
Sweden
Japan
Korea
35
10 1 2012
1 m
2015
11 1 2010
1
14.6 14.9
17.0
18.8
21.8
13.3 12.0 11.9
13.2 13.0
10.8
13.3
15.5
12.7
15.1 16.2
17.3 14.6 15.5
17.8 18.8
19.5
13.3 12.0
15.6 14.7
15.6 14.7
13.3
17.2 16.9
23.2
25.4 23.9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 0-
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5-9歳
10-1
4歳
15-1
9歳
20-2
4歳
25-2
9歳
30-3
4歳
35-3
9歳
40-4
4歳
45-4
9歳
50-5
4歳
55-5
9歳
60-6
4歳
65-6
9歳
70-7
4歳
75-7
9歳
80歳以上
男性 女性
18.2 16.3 17.7
21.2
63.8 64.4
16.7 15.8 13.7 14.6 15.1
22.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0-19歳(男) 0-19歳(女) 20-64歳(男) 20-64歳(女) 65歳以上(男) 65歳以上(女)
再分配前の貧困率
再分配後の貧困率
36
12 1 2010
1
20-64 65m
10.1 11.1 12.3 14.5
28.7
46.6 48.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
現役夫婦と子ども世帯
現役夫婦 世帯
三世代同居世帯
高齢夫婦 世帯
高齢単独 世帯(男)
高齢単独 世帯(女)
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37
13 1
1950 2
m
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0.0%
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0.8%
1.2%
1.6%
2.0%
2.4%
0
400
800
1,200
1,600
2,000
2,400 19
51
1955
1959
1963
1967
1971
1975
1979
1983
1987
1991
1995
1999
2003
2007
2011
生活保護受給者数(千人)
生活保護受給率(右軸)
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
.
38
15 1
A.
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�9Ê\�O£���cB¤¹ºV^�8
-180
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0
30
60
90
120
150
180
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
-180
-150
-120
-90
-60
-30
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
39
16 1 1990 2015
A.
B.
m
�9Ê\�O£���cB¤¹ºV^�8
17 1
IÊjFaiN^HLÓjFaiN^Ì6$¼#¸�iN^m
�9Ê\�O£���cB¤¹ºV^�8
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-
2015Ā̀
契約社員・嘱託・その他 派遣社員
アルバイト
パート
正規
役員
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-
2015 Ā̀
契約社員・嘱託・その他
派遣社員
アルバイト
パート
正規
役員
0.444
0.1620.093 0.083
0.272
0.533
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-
Ā
1990
2002
2015 0.515
0.407
0.5350.577
0.634 0.656
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-
Ā
1990 2002 2015
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-
1990Ā̀
契約社員・嘱託・その他 派遣社員
アルバイト
パート
正規
役員
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-
1990 Ā̀
契約社員・嘱託・その他 派遣社員
アルバイト
パート
正規
役員
40
18 OECD 1 2012
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Fran
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Japa
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Can
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Ger
man
y
Den
mar
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way
Aus
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UK
Total
Female
Male
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0-19 20-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-59 60-
USĀ
Male
Female
0
10
20
30
40
50
0-14 15-29 30-34 35-39 40-48 49-59 60-
JapanĀ
Male
Female
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0-19 20-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-59 60-
FranceĀ
Male
Female
0
10
20
30
40
50
0-19 20-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-59 60-
GermanyĀ
Male
Female
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